path: root/package/network/services/hostapd/patches/110-mbedtls-TLS-crypto-option-initial-port.patch

From e16f200dc1d2f69efc78c7c55af0d7b410a981f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Glenn Strauss <gstrauss@gluelogic.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Jul 2022 02:49:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] mbedtls: TLS/crypto option (initial port)

Signed-off-by: Glenn Strauss <gstrauss@gluelogic.com>
---
 hostapd/Makefile                              |   91 +
 hostapd/defconfig                             |   15 +-
 src/crypto/crypto_mbedtls.c                   | 4043 +++++++++++++++++
 src/crypto/tls_mbedtls.c                      | 3313 ++++++++++++++
 .../build/build-wpa_supplicant-mbedtls.config |   24 +
 tests/hwsim/example-hostapd.config            |    4 +
 tests/hwsim/example-wpa_supplicant.config     |    4 +
 wpa_supplicant/Makefile                       |   74 +
 wpa_supplicant/defconfig                      |    6 +-
 9 files changed, 7571 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/crypto/crypto_mbedtls.c
 create mode 100644 src/crypto/tls_mbedtls.c
 create mode 100644 tests/build/build-wpa_supplicant-mbedtls.config

--- a/hostapd/Makefile
+++ b/hostapd/Makefile
@@ -745,6 +745,40 @@ endif
 CFLAGS += -DTLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS=\"$(CONFIG_TLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS)\"
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
+ifndef CONFIG_CRYPTO
+CONFIG_CRYPTO=mbedtls
+endif
+ifdef TLS_FUNCS
+OBJS += ../src/crypto/tls_mbedtls.o
+LIBS += -lmbedtls
+ifndef CONFIG_DPP
+LIBS += -lmbedx509
+endif
+endif
+OBJS += ../src/crypto/crypto_$(CONFIG_CRYPTO).o
+HOBJS += ../src/crypto/crypto_$(CONFIG_CRYPTO).o
+SOBJS += ../src/crypto/crypto_$(CONFIG_CRYPTO).o
+ifdef NEED_FIPS186_2_PRF
+OBJS += ../src/crypto/fips_prf_internal.o
+SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-internal.o
+endif
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_CRYPTO), mbedtls)
+ifdef CONFIG_DPP
+LIBS += -lmbedx509
+LIBS_h += -lmbedx509
+LIBS_n += -lmbedx509
+LIBS_s += -lmbedx509
+endif
+LIBS += -lmbedcrypto
+LIBS_h += -lmbedcrypto
+LIBS_n += -lmbedcrypto
+LIBS_s += -lmbedcrypto
+# XXX: create a config option?
+CFLAGS += -DCRYPTO_RSA_OAEP_SHA256
+endif
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifndef CONFIG_CRYPTO
 # default to libgcrypt
@@ -924,9 +958,11 @@ endif
 
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-wrap.o
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_EAX
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-eax.o
 NEED_AES_CTR=y
@@ -936,38 +972,48 @@ AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-siv.o
 NEED_AES_CTR=y
 endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_CTR
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-ctr.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_ENCBLOCK
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-encblock.o
 endif
+endif
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-omac1.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_UNWRAP
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 NEED_AES_DEC=y
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-unwrap.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_CBC
 NEED_AES_DEC=y
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-cbc.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_DEC
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_AES
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-internal-dec.o
@@ -982,12 +1028,16 @@ ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-prf.o
+endif
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA1
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-internal.o
 ifdef NEED_FIPS186_2_PRF
@@ -996,16 +1046,22 @@ endif
 endif
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-pbkdf2.o
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_T_PRF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-tprf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_TLS_PRF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-tlsprf.o
 endif
 endif
+endif
 
 ifdef NEED_SHA1
 OBJS += $(SHA1OBJS)
@@ -1015,11 +1071,13 @@ ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/md5.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 
 ifdef NEED_MD5
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_MD5
@@ -1058,56 +1116,81 @@ ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-prf.o
+endif
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA256
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-internal.o
 endif
 ifdef NEED_TLS_PRF_SHA256
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-tlsprf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_TLS_PRF_SHA384
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-tlsprf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_HMAC_SHA256_KDF
+CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_HMAC_SHA256_KDF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-kdf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_HMAC_SHA384_KDF
+CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_HMAC_SHA384_KDF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-kdf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_HMAC_SHA512_KDF
+CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_HMAC_SHA512_KDF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-kdf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_SHA384
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SHA384
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-prf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_SHA512
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SHA512
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-prf.o
 endif
+endif
 
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA384
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA384
@@ -1152,11 +1235,13 @@ HOBJS += $(SHA1OBJS)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 HOBJS += ../src/crypto/md5.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 
 ifdef CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER
 CFLAGS += -DRADIUS_SERVER
@@ -1329,7 +1414,9 @@ NOBJS += ../src/utils/trace.o
 endif
 
 HOBJS += hlr_auc_gw.o ../src/utils/common.o ../src/utils/wpa_debug.o ../src/utils/os_$(CONFIG_OS).o ../src/utils/wpabuf.o ../src/crypto/milenage.o
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 HOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-encblock.o
+endif
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_AES
 HOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-internal.o
 HOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-internal-enc.o
@@ -1352,13 +1439,17 @@ SOBJS += ../src/common/sae.o
 SOBJS += ../src/common/sae_pk.o
 SOBJS += ../src/common/dragonfly.o
 SOBJS += $(AESOBJS)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-prf.o
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-prf.o
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-prf.o
+endif
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/dh_groups.o
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-kdf.o
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-kdf.o
 SOBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-kdf.o
+endif
 
 _OBJS_VAR := NOBJS
 include ../src/objs.mk
--- a/hostapd/defconfig
+++ b/hostapd/defconfig
@@ -6,9 +6,21 @@
 # just setting VARIABLE=n is not disabling that variable.
 #
 # This file is included in Makefile, so variables like CFLAGS and LIBS can also
-# be modified from here. In most cass, these lines should use += in order not
+# be modified from here. In most cases, these lines should use += in order not
 # to override previous values of the variables.
 
+
+# Uncomment following two lines and fix the paths if you have installed TLS
+# libraries in a non-default location
+#CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/openssl/include
+#LIBS += -L/usr/local/openssl/lib
+
+# Some Red Hat versions seem to include kerberos header files from OpenSSL, but
+# the kerberos files are not in the default include path. Following line can be
+# used to fix build issues on such systems (krb5.h not found).
+#CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/kerberos
+
+
 # Driver interface for Host AP driver
 CONFIG_DRIVER_HOSTAP=y
 
@@ -278,6 +290,7 @@ CONFIG_IPV6=y
 # openssl = OpenSSL (default)
 # gnutls = GnuTLS
 # internal = Internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
+# mbedtls = mbed TLS
 # linux = Linux kernel AF_ALG and internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
 # none = Empty template
 #CONFIG_TLS=openssl
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_mbedtls.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4043 @@
+/*
+ * crypto wrapper functions for mbed TLS
+ *
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Glenn Strauss <gstrauss@gluelogic.com>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ */
+
+#include "utils/includes.h"
+#include "utils/common.h"
+
+#include <mbedtls/version.h>
+#include <mbedtls/entropy.h>
+#include <mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h>
+#include <mbedtls/platform_util.h> /* mbedtls_platform_zeroize() */
+#include <mbedtls/asn1.h>
+#include <mbedtls/asn1write.h>
+#include <mbedtls/aes.h>
+#include <mbedtls/md.h>
+#include <mbedtls/md5.h>
+#include <mbedtls/sha1.h>
+#include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
+#include <mbedtls/sha512.h>
+
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_PRIVATE
+#define MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(x) x
+#endif
+
+/* hostapd/wpa_supplicant provides forced_memzero(),
+ * but prefer mbedtls_platform_zeroize() */
+#define forced_memzero(ptr,sz) mbedtls_platform_zeroize(ptr,sz)
+
+#ifndef __has_attribute
+#define __has_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __GNUC_PREREQ
+#define __GNUC_PREREQ(maj,min) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __attribute_cold__
+#if __has_attribute(cold) \
+ || __GNUC_PREREQ(4,3)
+#define __attribute_cold__  __attribute__((__cold__))
+#else
+#define __attribute_cold__
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __attribute_noinline__
+#if __has_attribute(noinline) \
+ || __GNUC_PREREQ(3,1)
+#define __attribute_noinline__  __attribute__((__noinline__))
+#else
+#define __attribute_noinline__
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include "crypto.h"
+#include "aes_wrap.h"
+#include "aes.h"
+#include "md5.h"
+#include "sha1.h"
+#include "sha256.h"
+#include "sha384.h"
+#include "sha512.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * selective code inclusion based on preprocessor defines
+ *
+ * future: additional code could be wrapped with preprocessor checks if
+ * wpa_supplicant/Makefile and hostap/Makefile were more consistent with
+ * setting preprocessor defines for named groups of functionality
+ */
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_FIPS)
+#undef MBEDTLS_MD4_C     /* omit md4_vector() */
+#undef MBEDTLS_MD5_C     /* omit md5_vector() hmac_md5_vector() hmac_md5() */
+#undef MBEDTLS_DES_C     /* omit des_encrypt() */
+#undef MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C /* omit aes_wrap() aes_unwrap() */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FIPS
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_FIPS)
+#if defined(EAP_PWD) \
+ || defined(EAP_LEAP) || defined(EAP_LEAP_DYNAMIC) \
+ || defined(EAP_TTLS) || defined(EAP_TTLS_DYNAMIC) \
+ || defined(EAP_MSCHAPv2) || defined(EAP_MSCHAPv2_DYNAMIC) \
+ || defined(EAP_SERVER_MSCHAPV2)
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_MD4_C    /* (MD4 not in mbedtls 3.x) */
+#include "md4-internal.c"/* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif /* md4_vector() */
+#else
+#undef MBEDTLS_MD4_C     /* omit md4_vector() */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_NO_RC4) && !defined(CONFIG_NO_WPA)
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_ARC4_C   /* (RC4 not in mbedtls 3.x) */
+#include "rc4.c"         /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif /* rc4_skip() */
+#else
+#undef MBEDTLS_ARC4_C    /* omit rc4_skip() */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_MACSEC)     \
+ || defined(CONFIG_NO_RADIUS)  \
+ || defined(CONFIG_IEEE80211R) \
+ || defined(EAP_SERVER_FAST)   \
+ || defined(EAP_SERVER_TEAP)   \
+ || !defined(CONFIG_NO_WPA)
+       /* aes_wrap() aes_unwrap() */
+#else
+#undef MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C /* omit aes_wrap() aes_unwrap() */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_SHA256)
+#undef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_SHA384) && !defined(CONFIG_SHA512)
+#undef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_HMAC_SHA256_KDF)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA256
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_HMAC_SHA384_KDF)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA384
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_HMAC_SHA512_KDF)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA512
+#endif
+
+#if defined(EAP_FAST) || defined(EAP_FAST_DYNAMIC) || defined(EAP_SERVER_FAST) \
+ || defined(EAP_TEAP) || defined(EAP_TEAP_DYNAMIC) || defined(EAP_SERVER_FAST)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_SHA1_T_PRF
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_DES)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_DES_ENCRYPT
+#endif /* des_encrypt() */
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_NO_PBKDF2)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_PBKDF2_SHA1
+#endif /* pbkdf2_sha1() */
+
+#if defined(EAP_IKEV2) \
+ || defined(EAP_IKEV2_DYNAMIC) \
+ || defined(EAP_SERVER_IKEV2) /* CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_CIPHER
+#endif /* crypto_cipher_*() */
+
+#if defined(EAP_PWD) || defined(EAP_SERVER_PWD) /* CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_HASH
+#endif /* crypto_hash_*() */
+
+#if defined(EAP_PWD) || defined(EAP_SERVER_PWD) /* CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y */ \
+ || defined(CONFIG_SAE) /* CONFIG_SAE=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_BIGNUM
+#endif /* crypto_bignum_*() */
+
+#if defined(EAP_PWD)          /* CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y */    \
+ || defined(EAP_EKE)          /* CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y */    \
+ || defined(EAP_EKE_DYNAMIC)  /* CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y */    \
+ || defined(EAP_SERVER_EKE)   /* CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y */    \
+ || defined(EAP_IKEV2)        /* CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2y */   \
+ || defined(EAP_IKEV2_DYNAMIC)/* CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y */  \
+ || defined(EAP_SERVER_IKEV2) /* CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y */  \
+ || defined(CONFIG_SAE)       /* CONFIG_SAE=y */        \
+ || defined(CONFIG_WPS)       /* CONFIG_WPS=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_DH
+#if defined(CONFIG_WPS_NFC)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_DH5_INIT_FIXED
+#endif /* dh5_init_fixed() */
+#endif /* crypto_dh_*() */
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_NO_WPA) /* CONFIG_NO_WPA= */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_ECDH
+#endif /* crypto_ecdh_*() */
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_ECC)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_BIGNUM
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC
+#endif /* crypto_ec_*() crypto_ec_key_*() */
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_DPP) /* CONFIG_DPP=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP /* extra for DPP */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_CSR
+#endif /* crypto_csr_*() */
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_DPP3) /* CONFIG_DPP3=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_HPKE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_DPP2) /* CONFIG_DPP2=y */
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_PKCS7
+#endif /* crypto_pkcs7_*() */
+
+#if defined(EAP_SIM) || defined(EAP_SIM_DYNAMIC) || defined(EAP_SERVER_SIM) \
+ || defined(EAP_AKA) || defined(EAP_AKA_DYNAMIC) || defined(EAP_SERVER_AKA) \
+ || defined(CONFIG_AP) || defined(HOSTAPD)
+/* CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y CONFIG_AP=y HOSTAPD */
+#if defined(CRYPTO_RSA_OAEP_SHA256)
+#define CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_RSA
+#endif
+#endif /* crypto_rsa_*() */
+
+
+static int ctr_drbg_init_state;
+static mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;
+static mbedtls_entropy_context entropy;
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_BIGNUM
+#include <mbedtls/bignum.h>
+static mbedtls_mpi mpi_sw_A;
+#endif
+
+__attribute_cold__
+__attribute_noinline__
+static mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context * ctr_drbg_init(void)
+{
+	mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&ctr_drbg);
+	mbedtls_entropy_init(&entropy);
+	if (mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&ctr_drbg, mbedtls_entropy_func, &entropy,
+	                          NULL, 0)) {
+		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "Init of random number generator failed");
+		/* XXX: abort? */
+	}
+	else
+		ctr_drbg_init_state = 1;
+
+	return &ctr_drbg;
+}
+
+__attribute_cold__
+void crypto_unload(void)
+{
+	if (ctr_drbg_init_state) {
+		mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&ctr_drbg);
+		mbedtls_entropy_free(&entropy);
+	  #ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_BIGNUM
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&mpi_sw_A);
+	  #endif
+		ctr_drbg_init_state = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/* init ctr_drbg on first use
+ * crypto_global_init() and crypto_global_deinit() are not available here
+ * (available only when CONFIG_TLS=internal, which is not CONFIG_TLS=mbedtls) */
+mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context * crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg(void); /*(not in header)*/
+inline
+mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context * crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg(void)
+{
+	return ctr_drbg_init_state ? &ctr_drbg : ctr_drbg_init();
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FIPS
+int crypto_get_random(void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random(crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg(),buf,len) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if 1
+
+/* tradeoff: slightly smaller code size here at cost of slight increase
+ * in instructions and function calls at runtime versus the expanded
+ * per-message-digest code that follows in #else (~0.5 kib .text larger) */
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int md_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len,
+                     u8 *mac, mbedtls_md_type_t md_type)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_context_t ctx;
+	mbedtls_md_init(&ctx);
+	if (mbedtls_md_setup(&ctx, mbedtls_md_info_from_type(md_type), 0) != 0){
+		mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	mbedtls_md_starts(&ctx);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_md_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_md_finish(&ctx, mac);
+	mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+int sha512_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return md_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512);
+}
+
+int sha384_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return md_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+int sha256_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return md_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+int sha1_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return md_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_MD5_C
+int md5_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return md_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, MBEDTLS_MD_MD5);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_MD4_C
+#include <mbedtls/md4.h>
+int md4_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return md_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, MBEDTLS_MD_MD4);
+}
+#endif
+
+#else  /* expanded per-message-digest functions */
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+#include <mbedtls/sha512.h>
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int sha384_512_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[],
+                             const size_t *len, u8 *mac, int is384)
+{
+	struct mbedtls_sha512_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_sha512_init(&ctx);
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+	mbedtls_sha512_starts(&ctx, is384);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_sha512_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_sha512_finish(&ctx, mac);
+  #else
+	mbedtls_sha512_starts_ret(&ctx, is384);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_sha512_update_ret(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_sha512_finish_ret(&ctx, mac);
+  #endif
+	mbedtls_sha512_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int sha512_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return sha384_512_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, 0);
+}
+
+int sha384_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return sha384_512_vector(num_elem, addr, len, mac, 1);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+#include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
+int sha256_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	struct mbedtls_sha256_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_sha256_init(&ctx);
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+	mbedtls_sha256_starts(&ctx, 0);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_sha256_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_sha256_finish(&ctx, mac);
+  #else
+	mbedtls_sha256_starts_ret(&ctx, 0);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_sha256_update_ret(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_sha256_finish_ret(&ctx, mac);
+  #endif
+	mbedtls_sha256_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+#include <mbedtls/sha1.h>
+int sha1_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	struct mbedtls_sha1_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_sha1_init(&ctx);
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+	mbedtls_sha1_starts(&ctx);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_sha1_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_sha1_finish(&ctx, mac);
+  #else
+	mbedtls_sha1_starts_ret(&ctx);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_sha1_update_ret(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_sha1_finish_ret(&ctx, mac);
+  #endif
+	mbedtls_sha1_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_MD5_C
+#include <mbedtls/md5.h>
+int md5_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	struct mbedtls_md5_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_md5_init(&ctx);
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+	mbedtls_md5_starts(&ctx);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_md5_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_md5_finish(&ctx, mac);
+  #else
+	mbedtls_md5_starts_ret(&ctx);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_md5_update_ret(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_md5_finish_ret(&ctx, mac);
+  #endif
+	mbedtls_md5_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_MD4_C
+#include <mbedtls/md4.h>
+int md4_vector(size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	struct mbedtls_md4_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_md4_init(&ctx);
+	mbedtls_md4_starts_ret(&ctx);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_md4_update_ret(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_md4_finish_ret(&ctx, mac);
+	mbedtls_md4_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* expanded per-message-digest functions */
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int hmac_vector(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem,
+                       const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac,
+                       mbedtls_md_type_t md_type)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_context_t ctx;
+	mbedtls_md_init(&ctx);
+	if (mbedtls_md_setup(&ctx, mbedtls_md_info_from_type(md_type), 1) != 0){
+		mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	mbedtls_md_hmac_starts(&ctx, key, key_len);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem; ++i)
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(&ctx, mac);
+	mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+int hmac_sha512_vector(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem,
+                       const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, num_elem, addr, len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512);
+}
+
+int hmac_sha512(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const u8 *data, size_t data_len,
+                u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, 1, &data, &data_len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512);
+}
+
+int hmac_sha384_vector(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem,
+                       const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, num_elem, addr, len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384);
+}
+
+int hmac_sha384(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const u8 *data, size_t data_len,
+                u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, 1, &data, &data_len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+int hmac_sha256_vector(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem,
+                       const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, num_elem, addr, len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+}
+
+int hmac_sha256(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const u8 *data, size_t data_len,
+                u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, 1, &data, &data_len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+int hmac_sha1_vector(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem,
+                     const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, num_elem, addr, len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1);
+}
+
+int hmac_sha1(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const u8 *data, size_t data_len,
+              u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, 1, &data, &data_len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_MD5_C
+int hmac_md5_vector(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem,
+                    const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, num_elem, addr, len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_MD5);
+}
+
+int hmac_md5(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const u8 *data, size_t data_len,
+             u8 *mac)
+{
+	return hmac_vector(key, key_len, 1, &data, &data_len, mac,
+			   MBEDTLS_MD_MD5);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_SHA256_C) || defined(MBEDTLS_SHA512_C)
+
+#if defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA256) \
+ || defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA384) \
+ || defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA512)
+
+#include <mbedtls/hkdf.h>
+
+/* sha256-kdf.c sha384-kdf.c sha512-kdf.c */
+
+/* HMAC-SHA256 KDF (RFC 5295) and HKDF-Expand(SHA256) (RFC 5869) */
+/* HMAC-SHA384 KDF (RFC 5295) and HKDF-Expand(SHA384) (RFC 5869) */
+/* HMAC-SHA512 KDF (RFC 5295) and HKDF-Expand(SHA512) (RFC 5869) */
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int hmac_kdf_expand(const u8 *prk, size_t prk_len,
+                           const char *label, const u8 *info, size_t info_len,
+                           u8 *okm, size_t okm_len, mbedtls_md_type_t md_type)
+{
+	const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type(md_type);
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_HKDF_C
+	if (label == NULL)  /* RFC 5869 HKDF-Expand when (label == NULL) */
+		return mbedtls_hkdf_expand(md_info, prk, prk_len, info,
+		                           info_len, okm, okm_len) ? -1 : 0;
+  #endif
+
+	const size_t mac_len = mbedtls_md_get_size(md_info);
+	/* okm_len must not exceed 255 times hash len (RFC 5869 Section 2.3) */
+	if (okm_len > ((mac_len << 8) - mac_len))
+		return -1;
+
+	mbedtls_md_context_t ctx;
+	mbedtls_md_init(&ctx);
+	if (mbedtls_md_setup(&ctx, md_info, 1) != 0) {
+		mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	mbedtls_md_hmac_starts(&ctx, prk, prk_len);
+
+	u8 iter = 1;
+	const u8 *addr[4] = { okm, (const u8 *)label, info, &iter };
+	size_t len[4] = { 0, label ? os_strlen(label)+1 : 0, info_len, 1 };
+
+	for (; okm_len >= mac_len; okm_len -= mac_len, ++iter) {
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(addr); ++i)
+			mbedtls_md_hmac_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(&ctx, okm);
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_reset(&ctx);
+		addr[0] = okm;
+		okm += mac_len;
+		len[0] = mac_len; /*(include digest in subsequent rounds)*/
+	}
+
+	if (okm_len) {
+		u8 hash[MBEDTLS_MD_MAX_SIZE];
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(addr); ++i)
+			mbedtls_md_hmac_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(&ctx, hash);
+		os_memcpy(okm, hash, okm_len);
+		forced_memzero(hash, mac_len);
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA512
+int hmac_sha512_kdf(const u8 *secret, size_t secret_len,
+		    const char *label, const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len,
+		    u8 *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	return hmac_kdf_expand(secret, secret_len, label, seed, seed_len,
+	                       out, outlen, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA384
+int hmac_sha384_kdf(const u8 *secret, size_t secret_len,
+		    const char *label, const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len,
+		    u8 *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	return hmac_kdf_expand(secret, secret_len, label, seed, seed_len,
+	                       out, outlen, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_SHA256
+int hmac_sha256_kdf(const u8 *secret, size_t secret_len,
+		    const char *label, const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len,
+		    u8 *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	return hmac_kdf_expand(secret, secret_len, label, seed, seed_len,
+	                       out, outlen, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_HMAC_KDF_* */
+
+
+/* sha256-prf.c sha384-prf.c sha512-prf.c */
+
+/* hmac_prf_bits - IEEE Std 802.11ac-2013, 11.6.1.7.2 Key derivation function */
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int hmac_prf_bits(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+                         const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *buf,
+                         size_t buf_len_bits, mbedtls_md_type_t md_type)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_context_t ctx;
+	mbedtls_md_init(&ctx);
+	const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type(md_type);
+	if (mbedtls_md_setup(&ctx, md_info, 1) != 0) {
+		mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	mbedtls_md_hmac_starts(&ctx, key, key_len);
+
+	u16 ctr, n_le = host_to_le16(buf_len_bits);
+	const u8 * const addr[] = { (u8 *)&ctr,(u8 *)label,data,(u8 *)&n_le };
+	const size_t len[] =      { 2, os_strlen(label), data_len, 2 };
+	const size_t mac_len = mbedtls_md_get_size(md_info);
+	size_t buf_len = (buf_len_bits + 7) / 8;
+	for (ctr = 1; buf_len >= mac_len; buf_len -= mac_len, ++ctr) {
+	  #if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+		ctr = host_to_le16(ctr);
+	  #endif
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(addr); ++i)
+			mbedtls_md_hmac_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(&ctx, buf);
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_reset(&ctx);
+		buf += mac_len;
+	  #if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+		ctr = le_to_host16(ctr);
+	  #endif
+	}
+
+	if (buf_len) {
+		u8 hash[MBEDTLS_MD_MAX_SIZE];
+	  #if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
+		ctr = host_to_le16(ctr);
+	  #endif
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(addr); ++i)
+			mbedtls_md_hmac_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(&ctx, hash);
+		os_memcpy(buf, hash, buf_len);
+		buf += buf_len;
+		forced_memzero(hash, mac_len);
+	}
+
+	/* Mask out unused bits in last octet if it does not use all the bits */
+	if ((buf_len_bits &= 0x7))
+		buf[-1] &= (u8)(0xff << (8 - buf_len_bits));
+
+	mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+int sha512_prf(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+               const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+	return hmac_prf_bits(key, key_len, label, data, data_len, buf,
+	                     buf_len * 8, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512);
+}
+
+int sha384_prf(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+               const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+	return hmac_prf_bits(key, key_len, label, data, data_len, buf,
+	                     buf_len * 8, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+int sha256_prf(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+               const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+	return hmac_prf_bits(key, key_len, label, data, data_len, buf,
+	                     buf_len * 8, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+}
+
+int sha256_prf_bits(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+                    const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *buf,
+                    size_t buf_len_bits)
+{
+	return hmac_prf_bits(key, key_len, label, data, data_len, buf,
+	                     buf_len_bits, MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA256_C || MBEDTLS_SHA512_C */
+
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+
+/* sha1-prf.c */
+
+/* sha1_prf - SHA1-based Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) (IEEE 802.11i, 8.5.1.1) */
+
+int sha1_prf(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+	     const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+	/*(note: algorithm differs from hmac_prf_bits() */
+	/*(note: smaller code size instead of expanding hmac_sha1_vector()
+	 * as is done in hmac_prf_bits(); not expecting large num of loops) */
+	u8 counter = 0;
+	const u8 *addr[] = { (u8 *)label, data, &counter };
+	const size_t len[] = { os_strlen(label)+1, data_len, 1 };
+
+	for (; buf_len >= SHA1_MAC_LEN; buf_len -= SHA1_MAC_LEN, ++counter) {
+		if (hmac_sha1_vector(key, key_len, 3, addr, len, buf))
+			return -1;
+		buf += SHA1_MAC_LEN;
+	}
+
+	if (buf_len) {
+		u8 hash[SHA1_MAC_LEN];
+		if (hmac_sha1_vector(key, key_len, 3, addr, len, hash))
+			return -1;
+		os_memcpy(buf, hash, buf_len);
+		forced_memzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_SHA1_T_PRF
+
+/* sha1-tprf.c */
+
+/* sha1_t_prf - EAP-FAST Pseudo-Random Function (T-PRF) (RFC 4851,Section 5.5)*/
+
+int sha1_t_prf(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const char *label,
+	       const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len, u8 *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+	/*(note: algorithm differs from hmac_prf_bits() and hmac_kdf() above)*/
+	/*(note: smaller code size instead of expanding hmac_sha1_vector()
+	 * as is done in hmac_prf_bits(); not expecting large num of loops) */
+	u8 ctr;
+	u16 olen = host_to_be16(buf_len);
+	const u8 *addr[] = { buf, (u8 *)label, seed, (u8 *)&olen, &ctr };
+	size_t len[] = { 0, os_strlen(label)+1, seed_len, 2, 1 };
+
+	for (ctr = 1; buf_len >= SHA1_MAC_LEN; buf_len -= SHA1_MAC_LEN, ++ctr) {
+		if (hmac_sha1_vector(key, key_len, 5, addr, len, buf))
+			return -1;
+		addr[0] = buf;
+		buf += SHA1_MAC_LEN;
+		len[0] = SHA1_MAC_LEN; /*(include digest in subsequent rounds)*/
+	}
+
+	if (buf_len) {
+		u8 hash[SHA1_MAC_LEN];
+		if (hmac_sha1_vector(key, key_len, 5, addr, len, hash))
+			return -1;
+		os_memcpy(buf, hash, buf_len);
+		forced_memzero(hash, sizeof(hash));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_SHA1_T_PRF */
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_SHA1_C */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_DES_ENCRYPT
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_DES_C
+#include <mbedtls/des.h>
+int des_encrypt(const u8 *clear, const u8 *key, u8 *cypher)
+{
+	u8 pkey[8], next, tmp;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Add parity bits to the key */
+	next = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+		tmp = key[i];
+		pkey[i] = (tmp >> i) | next | 1;
+		next = tmp << (7 - i);
+	}
+	pkey[i] = next | 1;
+
+	mbedtls_des_context des;
+	mbedtls_des_init(&des);
+	int ret = mbedtls_des_setkey_enc(&des, pkey)
+	       || mbedtls_des_crypt_ecb(&des, clear, cypher) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_des_free(&des);
+	return ret;
+}
+#else
+#include "des-internal.c"/* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_PBKDF2_SHA1
+/* sha1-pbkdf2.c */
+#include <mbedtls/pkcs5.h>
+int pbkdf2_sha1(const char *passphrase, const u8 *ssid, size_t ssid_len,
+                int iterations, u8 *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03020200 /* mbedtls 3.2.2 */
+	return mbedtls_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac_ext(MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1,
+			(const u8 *)passphrase, os_strlen(passphrase),
+			ssid, ssid_len, iterations, 32, buf) ? -1 : 0;
+  #else
+	const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info;
+	md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type(MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1);
+	if (md_info == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	mbedtls_md_context_t ctx;
+	mbedtls_md_init(&ctx);
+	int ret = mbedtls_md_setup(&ctx, md_info, 1)
+	       || mbedtls_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac(&ctx,
+			(const u8 *)passphrase, os_strlen(passphrase),
+			ssid, ssid_len, iterations, 32, buf) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_md_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+  #endif
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*#include "aes.h"*/ /* prototypes also included in "crypto.h" */
+
+static void *aes_crypt_init_mode(const u8 *key, size_t len, int mode)
+{
+	mbedtls_aes_context *aes = os_malloc(sizeof(*aes));
+	if (!aes)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_aes_init(aes);
+	if ((mode == MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT
+	    ? mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc(aes, key, len * 8)
+	    : mbedtls_aes_setkey_dec(aes, key, len * 8)) == 0)
+		return aes;
+
+	mbedtls_aes_free(aes);
+	os_free(aes);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void *aes_encrypt_init(const u8 *key, size_t len)
+{
+	return aes_crypt_init_mode(key, len, MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT);
+}
+
+int aes_encrypt(void *ctx, const u8 *plain, u8 *crypt)
+{
+	return mbedtls_aes_crypt_ecb(ctx, MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT, plain, crypt);
+}
+
+void aes_encrypt_deinit(void *ctx)
+{
+	mbedtls_aes_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+}
+
+void *aes_decrypt_init(const u8 *key, size_t len)
+{
+	return aes_crypt_init_mode(key, len, MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT);
+}
+
+int aes_decrypt(void *ctx, const u8 *crypt, u8 *plain)
+{
+	return mbedtls_aes_crypt_ecb(ctx, MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT, crypt, plain);
+}
+
+void aes_decrypt_deinit(void *ctx)
+{
+	mbedtls_aes_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+}
+
+
+#include "aes_wrap.h"
+
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C
+
+#include <mbedtls/nist_kw.h>
+
+/* aes-wrap.c */
+int aes_wrap(const u8 *kek, size_t kek_len, int n, const u8 *plain, u8 *cipher)
+{
+	mbedtls_nist_kw_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_nist_kw_init(&ctx);
+	size_t olen;
+	int ret = mbedtls_nist_kw_setkey(&ctx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES,
+	                                 kek, kek_len*8, 1)
+	       || mbedtls_nist_kw_wrap(&ctx, MBEDTLS_KW_MODE_KW, plain, n*8,
+	                               cipher, &olen, (n+1)*8) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_nist_kw_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* aes-unwrap.c */
+int aes_unwrap(const u8 *kek, size_t kek_len, int n, const u8 *cipher, u8 *plain)
+{
+	mbedtls_nist_kw_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_nist_kw_init(&ctx);
+	size_t olen;
+	int ret = mbedtls_nist_kw_setkey(&ctx, MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ID_AES,
+	                                 kek, kek_len*8, 0)
+	       || mbedtls_nist_kw_unwrap(&ctx, MBEDTLS_KW_MODE_KW, cipher,
+	                                 (n+1)*8, plain, &olen, n*8) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_nist_kw_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#else
+
+#ifndef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FIPS
+#include "aes-wrap.c"    /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#include "aes-unwrap.c"  /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_NIST_KW_C */
+
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_CMAC_C
+
+/* aes-omac1.c */
+
+#include <mbedtls/cmac.h>
+
+int omac1_aes_vector(
+    const u8 *key, size_t key_len, size_t num_elem, const u8 *addr[],
+    const size_t *len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	mbedtls_cipher_type_t cipher_type;
+	switch (key_len) {
+	case 16: cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_ECB; break;
+	case 24: cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_192_ECB; break;
+	case 32: cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_256_ECB; break;
+	default: return -1;
+	}
+	const mbedtls_cipher_info_t *cipher_info;
+	cipher_info = mbedtls_cipher_info_from_type(cipher_type);
+	if (cipher_info == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	mbedtls_cipher_context_t ctx;
+	mbedtls_cipher_init(&ctx);
+	int ret = -1;
+	if (mbedtls_cipher_setup(&ctx, cipher_info) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_cmac_starts(&ctx, key, key_len*8) == 0) {
+		ret = 0;
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elem && ret == 0; ++i)
+			ret = mbedtls_cipher_cmac_update(&ctx, addr[i], len[i]);
+	}
+	if (ret == 0)
+		ret = mbedtls_cipher_cmac_finish(&ctx, mac);
+	mbedtls_cipher_free(&ctx);
+	return ret ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int omac1_aes_128_vector(const u8 *key, size_t num_elem,
+			 const u8 *addr[], const size_t *len,
+			 u8 *mac)
+{
+	return omac1_aes_vector(key, 16, num_elem, addr, len, mac);
+}
+
+int omac1_aes_128(const u8 *key, const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return omac1_aes_vector(key, 16, 1, &data, &data_len, mac);
+}
+
+int omac1_aes_256(const u8 *key, const u8 *data, size_t data_len, u8 *mac)
+{
+	return omac1_aes_vector(key, 32, 1, &data, &data_len, mac);
+}
+
+#else
+
+#include "aes-omac1.c"  /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE
+#define MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE 16
+#endif
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_CMAC_C */
+
+
+/* These interfaces can be inefficient when used in loops, as the overhead of
+ * initialization each call is large for each block input (e.g. 16 bytes) */
+
+
+/* aes-encblock.c */
+int aes_128_encrypt_block(const u8 *key, const u8 *in, u8 *out)
+{
+	mbedtls_aes_context aes;
+	mbedtls_aes_init(&aes);
+	int ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc(&aes, key, 128)
+	       || mbedtls_aes_crypt_ecb(&aes, MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT, in, out)
+	  ? -1
+	  : 0;
+	mbedtls_aes_free(&aes);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+/* aes-ctr.c */
+int aes_ctr_encrypt(const u8 *key, size_t key_len, const u8 *nonce,
+		    u8 *data, size_t data_len)
+{
+	unsigned char counter[MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	unsigned char stream_block[MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	os_memcpy(counter, nonce, MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE);/*(must be writable)*/
+
+	mbedtls_aes_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_aes_init(&ctx);
+	size_t nc_off = 0;
+	int ret = mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc(&ctx, key, key_len*8)
+	       || mbedtls_aes_crypt_ctr(&ctx, data_len, &nc_off,
+	                                counter, stream_block,
+	                                data, data) ? -1 : 0;
+	forced_memzero(stream_block, sizeof(stream_block));
+	mbedtls_aes_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int aes_128_ctr_encrypt(const u8 *key, const u8 *nonce,
+			u8 *data, size_t data_len)
+{
+	return aes_ctr_encrypt(key, 16, nonce, data, data_len);
+}
+
+
+/* aes-cbc.c */
+static int aes_128_cbc_oper(const u8 *key, const u8 *iv,
+                            u8 *data, size_t data_len, int mode)
+{
+	unsigned char ivec[MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	os_memcpy(ivec, iv, MBEDTLS_AES_BLOCK_SIZE); /*(must be writable)*/
+
+	mbedtls_aes_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_aes_init(&ctx);
+	int ret = (mode == MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT
+	           ? mbedtls_aes_setkey_enc(&ctx, key, 128)
+	           : mbedtls_aes_setkey_dec(&ctx, key, 128))
+	       || mbedtls_aes_crypt_cbc(&ctx, mode, data_len, ivec, data, data);
+	mbedtls_aes_free(&ctx);
+	return ret ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int aes_128_cbc_encrypt(const u8 *key, const u8 *iv, u8 *data, size_t data_len)
+{
+	return aes_128_cbc_oper(key, iv, data, data_len, MBEDTLS_AES_ENCRYPT);
+}
+
+int aes_128_cbc_decrypt(const u8 *key, const u8 *iv, u8 *data, size_t data_len)
+{
+	return aes_128_cbc_oper(key, iv, data, data_len, MBEDTLS_AES_DECRYPT);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Much of the following is documented in crypto.h as for CONFIG_TLS=internal
+ * but such comments are not accurate:
+ *
+ * "This function is only used with internal TLSv1 implementation
+ *  (CONFIG_TLS=internal). If that is not used, the crypto wrapper does not need
+ *  to implement this."
+ */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_CIPHER
+
+#include <mbedtls/cipher.h>
+
+struct crypto_cipher
+{
+	mbedtls_cipher_context_t ctx_enc;
+	mbedtls_cipher_context_t ctx_dec;
+};
+
+struct crypto_cipher * crypto_cipher_init(enum crypto_cipher_alg alg,
+					  const u8 *iv, const u8 *key,
+					  size_t key_len)
+{
+	/* IKEv2 src/eap_common/ikev2_common.c:ikev2_{encr,decr}_encrypt()
+	 * uses one of CRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES or CRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_3DES */
+
+	mbedtls_cipher_type_t cipher_type;
+	size_t iv_len;
+	switch (alg) {
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ARC4_C
+  #if 0
+	case CRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_RC4:
+		cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_ARC4_128;
+		iv_len = 0;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_AES_C
+	case CRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_AES:
+		if (key_len == 16) cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_CTR;
+		if (key_len == 24) cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_192_CTR;
+		if (key_len == 32) cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_256_CTR;
+		iv_len = 16;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_DES_C
+	case CRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_3DES:
+		cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_DES_EDE3_CBC;
+		iv_len = 8;
+		break;
+  #if 0
+	case CRYPTO_CIPHER_ALG_DES:
+		cipher_type = MBEDTLS_CIPHER_DES_CBC;
+		iv_len = 8;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #endif
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const mbedtls_cipher_info_t *cipher_info;
+	cipher_info = mbedtls_cipher_info_from_type(cipher_type);
+	if (cipher_info == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	key_len *= 8; /* key_bitlen */
+  #if 0 /*(were key_bitlen not already available)*/
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03010000 /* mbedtls 3.1.0 */
+	key_len = mbedtls_cipher_info_get_key_bitlen(cipher_info);
+  #else
+	key_len = cipher_info->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(key_bitlen);
+  #endif
+  #endif
+
+  #if 0 /*(were iv_len not known above, would need MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(iv_size))*/
+	iv_len = cipher_info->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(iv_size);
+  #endif
+
+	struct crypto_cipher *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (!ctx)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_cipher_init(&ctx->ctx_enc);
+	mbedtls_cipher_init(&ctx->ctx_dec);
+	if (   mbedtls_cipher_setup(&ctx->ctx_enc,cipher_info) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_setup(&ctx->ctx_dec,cipher_info) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_setkey(&ctx->ctx_enc,key,key_len,MBEDTLS_ENCRYPT) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_setkey(&ctx->ctx_dec,key,key_len,MBEDTLS_DECRYPT) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_set_iv(&ctx->ctx_enc,iv,iv_len) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_set_iv(&ctx->ctx_dec,iv,iv_len) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_reset(&ctx->ctx_enc) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_cipher_reset(&ctx->ctx_dec) == 0) {
+		return ctx;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_cipher_free(&ctx->ctx_enc);
+	mbedtls_cipher_free(&ctx->ctx_dec);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int crypto_cipher_encrypt(struct crypto_cipher *ctx,
+			  const u8 *plain, u8 *crypt, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t olen = 0; /*(poor interface above; unknown size of u8 *crypt)*/
+	return (mbedtls_cipher_update(&ctx->ctx_enc, plain, len, crypt, &olen)
+	        || mbedtls_cipher_finish(&ctx->ctx_enc, crypt + olen, &olen)) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_cipher_decrypt(struct crypto_cipher *ctx,
+			  const u8 *crypt, u8 *plain, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t olen = 0; /*(poor interface above; unknown size of u8 *plain)*/
+	return (mbedtls_cipher_update(&ctx->ctx_dec, crypt, len, plain, &olen)
+	        || mbedtls_cipher_finish(&ctx->ctx_dec, plain + olen, &olen)) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+void crypto_cipher_deinit(struct crypto_cipher *ctx)
+{
+	mbedtls_cipher_free(&ctx->ctx_enc);
+	mbedtls_cipher_free(&ctx->ctx_dec);
+	os_free(ctx);
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_CIPHER */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_HASH
+
+struct crypto_hash * crypto_hash_init(enum crypto_hash_alg alg, const u8 *key,
+				      size_t key_len)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_type_t md_type;
+	int is_hmac = 0;
+
+	switch (alg) {
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_MD5_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_MD5:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_MD5;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA1:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_MD5_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_HMAC_MD5:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_MD5;
+		is_hmac = 1;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA1_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_HMAC_SHA1:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1;
+		is_hmac = 1;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256;
+		break;
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_HMAC_SHA256:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256;
+		is_hmac = 1;
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA384:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384;
+		break;
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA512:
+		md_type = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512;
+		break;
+  #endif
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_type(md_type);
+	if (!md_info)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_md_context_t *mctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*mctx));
+	if (mctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_md_init(mctx);
+	if (mbedtls_md_setup(mctx, md_info, is_hmac) != 0) {
+		os_free(mctx);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (is_hmac)
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_starts(mctx, key, key_len);
+	else
+		mbedtls_md_starts(mctx);
+	return (struct crypto_hash *)((uintptr_t)mctx | is_hmac);
+}
+
+void crypto_hash_update(struct crypto_hash *ctx, const u8 *data, size_t len)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_context_t *mctx = (mbedtls_md_context_t*)((uintptr_t)ctx & ~1uL);
+  #if 0
+	/*(mbedtls_md_hmac_update() and mbedtls_md_update()
+	 * make same modifications under the hood in mbedtls)*/
+	if ((uintptr_t)ctx & 1uL)
+		mbedtls_md_hmac_update(mctx, data, len);
+	else
+  #endif
+		mbedtls_md_update(mctx, data, len);
+}
+
+int crypto_hash_finish(struct crypto_hash *ctx, u8 *mac, size_t *len)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_context_t *mctx = (mbedtls_md_context_t*)((uintptr_t)ctx & ~1uL);
+	if (mac != NULL && len != NULL) { /*(NULL if caller just freeing context)*/
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+		const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info = mbedtls_md_info_from_ctx(mctx);
+	  #else
+		const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info = mctx->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(md_info);
+	  #endif
+		size_t maclen = mbedtls_md_get_size(md_info);
+		if (*len < maclen) {
+			*len = maclen;
+			/*(note: ctx not freed; can call again with larger *len)*/
+			return -1;
+		}
+		*len = maclen;
+		if ((uintptr_t)ctx & 1uL)
+			mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(mctx, mac);
+		else
+			mbedtls_md_finish(mctx, mac);
+	}
+	mbedtls_md_free(mctx);
+	os_free(mctx);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_HASH */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_BIGNUM
+
+#include <mbedtls/bignum.h>
+
+/* crypto.h bignum interfaces */
+
+struct crypto_bignum *crypto_bignum_init(void)
+{
+	mbedtls_mpi *bn = os_malloc(sizeof(*bn));
+	if (bn)
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(bn);
+	return (struct crypto_bignum *)bn;
+}
+
+struct crypto_bignum *crypto_bignum_init_set(const u8 *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	mbedtls_mpi *bn = os_malloc(sizeof(*bn));
+	if (bn) {
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(bn);
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(bn, buf, len) == 0)
+			return (struct crypto_bignum *)bn;
+	}
+
+	os_free(bn);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct crypto_bignum *crypto_bignum_init_uint(unsigned int val)
+{
+  #if 0 /*(hostap use of this interface passes int, not uint)*/
+	val = host_to_be32(val);
+	return crypto_bignum_init_set((const u8 *)&val, sizeof(val));
+  #else
+	mbedtls_mpi *bn = os_malloc(sizeof(*bn));
+	if (bn) {
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(bn);
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_lset(bn, (int)val) == 0)
+			return (struct crypto_bignum *)bn;
+	}
+
+	os_free(bn);
+	return NULL;
+  #endif
+}
+
+void crypto_bignum_deinit(struct crypto_bignum *n, int clear)
+{
+	mbedtls_mpi_free((mbedtls_mpi *)n);
+	os_free(n);
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_to_bin(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			 u8 *buf, size_t buflen, size_t padlen)
+{
+	size_t n = mbedtls_mpi_size((mbedtls_mpi *)a);
+	if (n < padlen)
+		n = padlen;
+	return n > buflen || mbedtls_mpi_write_binary((mbedtls_mpi *)a, buf, n)
+	  ? -1
+	  : (int)(n);
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_rand(struct crypto_bignum *r, const struct crypto_bignum *m)
+{
+	/*assert(r != m);*//* r must not be same as m for mbedtls_mpi_random()*/
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x021B0000 /* mbedtls 2.27.0 */
+	return mbedtls_mpi_random((mbedtls_mpi *)r, 0, (mbedtls_mpi *)m,
+				  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+				  crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) ? -1 : 0;
+  #else
+	/* (needed by EAP_PWD, SAE, DPP) */
+	wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR,
+	           "mbedtls 2.27.0 or later required for mbedtls_mpi_random()");
+	return -1;
+  #endif
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_add(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+		      const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+		      struct crypto_bignum *c)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)b) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_mod(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+		      const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+		      struct crypto_bignum *c)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)b) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_exptmod(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			  const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+			  const struct crypto_bignum *c,
+			  struct crypto_bignum *d)
+{
+	/* (check if input params match d; d is the result) */
+	/* (a == d) is ok in current mbedtls implementation */
+	if (b == d || c == d) { /*(not ok; store result in intermediate)*/
+		mbedtls_mpi R;
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(&R);
+		int rc = mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod(&R,
+		                             (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+		                             (const mbedtls_mpi *)b,
+		                             (const mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+		                             NULL)
+		      || mbedtls_mpi_copy((mbedtls_mpi *)d, &R) ? -1 : 0;
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&R);
+		return rc;
+	}
+	else {
+		return mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod((mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+		                           (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+		                           (const mbedtls_mpi *)b,
+		                           (const mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+		                           NULL) ? -1 : 0;
+	}
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_inverse(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			  const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+			  struct crypto_bignum *c)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_inv_mod((mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)b) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_sub(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+		      const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+		      struct crypto_bignum *c)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)b) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_div(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+		      const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+		      struct crypto_bignum *c)
+{
+	/*(most current use of this crypto.h interface has a == c (result),
+	 * so store result in an intermediate to avoid overwritten input)*/
+	mbedtls_mpi R;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&R);
+	int rc = mbedtls_mpi_div_mpi(&R, NULL,
+				     (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				     (const mbedtls_mpi *)b)
+	      || mbedtls_mpi_copy((mbedtls_mpi *)c, &R) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&R);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_addmod(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			 const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+			 const struct crypto_bignum *c,
+			 struct crypto_bignum *d)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)b)
+	    || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+				   (mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)c) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_mulmod(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			 const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+			 const struct crypto_bignum *c,
+			 struct crypto_bignum *d)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)a,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)b)
+	    || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi((mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+				   (mbedtls_mpi *)d,
+				   (const mbedtls_mpi *)c) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_sqrmod(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			 const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+			 struct crypto_bignum *c)
+{
+  #if 1
+	return crypto_bignum_mulmod(a, a, b, c);
+  #else
+	mbedtls_mpi bn;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&bn);
+	if (mbedtls_mpi_lset(&bn, 2)) /* alt?: mbedtls_mpi_set_bit(&bn, 1) */
+		return -1;
+	int ret = mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod((mbedtls_mpi *)c,
+				      (const mbedtls_mpi *)a, &bn,
+				      (const mbedtls_mpi *)b, NULL) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&bn);
+	return ret;
+  #endif
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_rshift(const struct crypto_bignum *a, int n,
+			 struct crypto_bignum *r)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_copy((mbedtls_mpi *)r, (const mbedtls_mpi *)a)
+	    || mbedtls_mpi_shift_r((mbedtls_mpi *)r, n) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_cmp(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+		      const struct crypto_bignum *b)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi((const mbedtls_mpi *)a, (const mbedtls_mpi *)b);
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_is_zero(const struct crypto_bignum *a)
+{
+	/* XXX: src/common/sae.c:sswu() contains comment:
+	 * "TODO: Make sure crypto_bignum_is_zero() is constant time"
+	 * Note: mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int() *is not* constant time */
+	return (mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int((const mbedtls_mpi *)a, 0) == 0);
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_is_one(const struct crypto_bignum *a)
+{
+	return (mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int((const mbedtls_mpi *)a, 1) == 0);
+}
+
+int crypto_bignum_is_odd(const struct crypto_bignum *a)
+{
+	return mbedtls_mpi_get_bit((const mbedtls_mpi *)a, 0);
+}
+
+#include "utils/const_time.h"
+int crypto_bignum_legendre(const struct crypto_bignum *a,
+			   const struct crypto_bignum *p)
+{
+	/* Security Note:
+	 * mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod() is not documented to run in constant time,
+	 * though mbedtls/library/bignum.c uses constant_time_internal.h funcs.
+	 * Compare to crypto_openssl.c:crypto_bignum_legendre()
+	 * which uses openssl BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime()
+	 * mbedtls/library/ecp.c has further countermeasures to timing attacks,
+	 * (but ecp.c funcs are not used here) */
+
+	mbedtls_mpi exp, tmp;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&exp);
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&tmp);
+
+	/* exp = (p-1) / 2 */
+	int res;
+	if (mbedtls_mpi_sub_int(&exp, (const mbedtls_mpi *)p, 1) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_mpi_shift_r(&exp, 1) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod(&tmp, (const mbedtls_mpi *)a, &exp,
+	                           (const mbedtls_mpi *)p, NULL) == 0) {
+		/*(modified from crypto_openssl.c:crypto_bignum_legendre())*/
+		/* Return 1 if tmp == 1, 0 if tmp == 0, or -1 otherwise. Need
+		 * to use constant time selection to avoid branches here. */
+		unsigned int mask;
+		res = -1;
+		mask = const_time_eq((mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int(&tmp, 1) == 0), 1);
+		res = const_time_select_int(mask, 1, res);
+		mask = const_time_eq((mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int(&tmp, 0) == 0), 1);
+		res = const_time_select_int(mask, 0, res);
+	} else {
+		res = -2;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&tmp);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&exp);
+	return res;
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_BIGNUM */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_DH
+
+/* crypto_internal-modexp.c */
+
+#include <mbedtls/bignum.h>
+#include <mbedtls/dhm.h>
+
+#if 0 /* crypto_dh_init() and crypto_dh_derive_secret() prefer to use mbedtls */
+int crypto_mod_exp(const u8 *base, size_t base_len,
+		   const u8 *power, size_t power_len,
+		   const u8 *modulus, size_t modulus_len,
+		   u8 *result, size_t *result_len)
+{
+	mbedtls_mpi bn_base, bn_exp, bn_modulus, bn_result;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&bn_base);
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&bn_exp);
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&bn_modulus);
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&bn_result);
+
+	size_t len;
+	int ret =  mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&bn_base, base, base_len)
+	        || mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&bn_exp, power, power_len)
+	        || mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&bn_modulus, modulus, modulus_len)
+	        || mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod(&bn_result,&bn_base,&bn_exp,&bn_modulus,NULL)
+	        || (len = mbedtls_mpi_size(&bn_result)) > *result_len
+	        || mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(&bn_result, result, (*result_len = len))
+	  ? -1
+	  : 0;
+
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&bn_base);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&bn_exp);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&bn_modulus);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&bn_result);
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int crypto_mbedtls_dh_set_bin_pg(mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, u8 generator,
+                                        const u8 *prime, size_t prime_len)
+{
+	/*(could set these directly in MBEDTLS_PRIVATE members)*/
+	mbedtls_mpi P, G;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&P);
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&G);
+	int ret = mbedtls_mpi_lset(&G, generator)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&P, prime, prime_len)
+	       || mbedtls_dhm_set_group(ctx, &P, &G);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&P);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&G);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int crypto_mbedtls_dh_init_public(mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx, u8 generator,
+                                         const u8 *prime, size_t prime_len,
+                                         u8 *privkey, u8 *pubkey)
+{
+	if (crypto_mbedtls_dh_set_bin_pg(ctx, generator, prime, prime_len)
+	    || mbedtls_dhm_make_public(ctx, (int)prime_len, pubkey, prime_len,
+	                               mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                               crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()))
+		return -1;
+
+  /*(enable later when upstream mbedtls interface changes require)*/
+  #if 0 && MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	mbedtls_mpi X;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&X);
+	int ret = mbedtls_dhm_get_value(ctx, MBEDTLS_DHM_PARAM_X, &X)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(&X, privkey, prime_len) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&X);
+	return ret;
+  #else
+	return mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(&ctx->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X),
+	                                privkey, prime_len) ? -1 : 0;
+  #endif
+}
+
+int crypto_dh_init(u8 generator, const u8 *prime, size_t prime_len, u8 *privkey,
+		   u8 *pubkey)
+{
+  #if 0 /*(crypto_dh_init() duplicated (and identical) in crypto_*.c modules)*/
+	size_t pubkey_len, pad;
+
+	if (os_get_random(privkey, prime_len) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (os_memcmp(privkey, prime, prime_len) > 0) {
+		/* Make sure private value is smaller than prime */
+		privkey[0] = 0;
+	}
+
+	pubkey_len = prime_len;
+	if (crypto_mod_exp(&generator, 1, privkey, prime_len, prime, prime_len,
+			   pubkey, &pubkey_len) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (pubkey_len < prime_len) {
+		pad = prime_len - pubkey_len;
+		os_memmove(pubkey + pad, pubkey, pubkey_len);
+		os_memset(pubkey, 0, pad);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+  #else
+	/* Prefer to use mbedtls to derive our public/private key, as doing so
+	 * leverages mbedtls to properly format output and to perform blinding*/
+	mbedtls_dhm_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_dhm_init(&ctx);
+	int ret = crypto_mbedtls_dh_init_public(&ctx, generator, prime,
+	                                        prime_len, privkey, pubkey);
+	mbedtls_dhm_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+  #endif
+}
+
+/*(crypto_dh_derive_secret() could be implemented using crypto.h APIs
+ * instead of being reimplemented in each crypto_*.c)*/
+int crypto_dh_derive_secret(u8 generator, const u8 *prime, size_t prime_len,
+			    const u8 *order, size_t order_len,
+			    const u8 *privkey, size_t privkey_len,
+			    const u8 *pubkey, size_t pubkey_len,
+			    u8 *secret, size_t *len)
+{
+  #if 0
+	if (pubkey_len > prime_len ||
+	    (pubkey_len == prime_len &&
+	     os_memcmp(pubkey, prime, prime_len) >= 0))
+		return -1;
+
+	int res = 0;
+	mbedtls_mpi pub;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&pub);
+	if (mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&pub, pubkey, pubkey_len)
+	    || mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int(&pub, 1) <= 0) {
+		res = -1;
+	} else if (order) {
+		mbedtls_mpi p, q, tmp;
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(&p);
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(&q);
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(&tmp);
+
+		/* verify: pubkey^q == 1 mod p */
+		res = (mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&p, prime, prime_len)
+		    || mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&q, order, order_len)
+		    || mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod(&tmp, &pub, &q, &p, NULL)
+		    || mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int(&tmp, 1) != 0);
+
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&p);
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&q);
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&tmp);
+	}
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&pub);
+
+	return (res == 0)
+	  ? crypto_mod_exp(pubkey, pubkey_len, privkey, privkey_len,
+			   prime, prime_len, secret, len)
+	  : -1;
+  #else
+	/* Prefer to use mbedtls to derive DH shared secret, as doing so
+	 * leverages mbedtls to validate params and to perform blinding.
+	 *
+	 * Attempt to reconstitute DH context to derive shared secret
+	 * (due to limitations of the interface, which ought to pass context).
+	 * Force provided G (our private key) into context without validation.
+	 * Regenerating GX (our public key) not needed to derive shared secret.
+	 */
+	/*(older compilers might not support VLAs)*/
+	/*unsigned char buf[2+prime_len+2+1+2+pubkey_len];*/
+	unsigned char buf[2+MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE+2+1+2+MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE];
+	unsigned char *p = buf + 2 + prime_len;
+	if (2+prime_len+2+1+2+pubkey_len > sizeof(buf))
+		return -1;
+	WPA_PUT_BE16(buf, prime_len);  /*(2-byte big-endian size of prime)*/
+	p[0] = 0;                      /*(2-byte big-endian size of generator)*/
+	p[1] = 1;
+	p[2] = generator;
+	WPA_PUT_BE16(p+3, pubkey_len); /*(2-byte big-endian size of pubkey)*/
+	os_memcpy(p+5, pubkey, pubkey_len);
+	os_memcpy(buf+2, prime, prime_len);
+
+	mbedtls_dhm_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_dhm_init(&ctx);
+	p = buf;
+	int ret = mbedtls_dhm_read_params(&ctx, &p, p+2+prime_len+5+pubkey_len)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&ctx.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X),
+	                                  privkey, privkey_len)
+	       || mbedtls_dhm_calc_secret(&ctx, secret, *len, len,
+	                                  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                                  crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_dhm_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+  #endif
+}
+
+/* dh_group5.c */
+
+#include "dh_group5.h"
+
+/* RFC3526_PRIME_1536[] and RFC3526_GENERATOR_1536[] from crypto_wolfssl.c */
+
+static const unsigned char RFC3526_PRIME_1536[] = {
+	0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC9, 0x0F, 0xDA, 0xA2,
+	0x21, 0x68, 0xC2, 0x34, 0xC4, 0xC6, 0x62, 0x8B, 0x80, 0xDC, 0x1C, 0xD1,
+	0x29, 0x02, 0x4E, 0x08, 0x8A, 0x67, 0xCC, 0x74, 0x02, 0x0B, 0xBE, 0xA6,
+	0x3B, 0x13, 0x9B, 0x22, 0x51, 0x4A, 0x08, 0x79, 0x8E, 0x34, 0x04, 0xDD,
+	0xEF, 0x95, 0x19, 0xB3, 0xCD, 0x3A, 0x43, 0x1B, 0x30, 0x2B, 0x0A, 0x6D,
+	0xF2, 0x5F, 0x14, 0x37, 0x4F, 0xE1, 0x35, 0x6D, 0x6D, 0x51, 0xC2, 0x45,
+	0xE4, 0x85, 0xB5, 0x76, 0x62, 0x5E, 0x7E, 0xC6, 0xF4, 0x4C, 0x42, 0xE9,
+	0xA6, 0x37, 0xED, 0x6B, 0x0B, 0xFF, 0x5C, 0xB6, 0xF4, 0x06, 0xB7, 0xED,
+	0xEE, 0x38, 0x6B, 0xFB, 0x5A, 0x89, 0x9F, 0xA5, 0xAE, 0x9F, 0x24, 0x11,
+	0x7C, 0x4B, 0x1F, 0xE6, 0x49, 0x28, 0x66, 0x51, 0xEC, 0xE4, 0x5B, 0x3D,
+	0xC2, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xB8, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xBF, 0x05, 0x98, 0xDA, 0x48, 0x36,
+	0x1C, 0x55, 0xD3, 0x9A, 0x69, 0x16, 0x3F, 0xA8, 0xFD, 0x24, 0xCF, 0x5F,
+	0x83, 0x65, 0x5D, 0x23, 0xDC, 0xA3, 0xAD, 0x96, 0x1C, 0x62, 0xF3, 0x56,
+	0x20, 0x85, 0x52, 0xBB, 0x9E, 0xD5, 0x29, 0x07, 0x70, 0x96, 0x96, 0x6D,
+	0x67, 0x0C, 0x35, 0x4E, 0x4A, 0xBC, 0x98, 0x04, 0xF1, 0x74, 0x6C, 0x08,
+	0xCA, 0x23, 0x73, 0x27, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
+};
+
+static const unsigned char RFC3526_GENERATOR_1536[] = {
+	0x02
+};
+
+void * dh5_init(struct wpabuf **priv, struct wpabuf **publ)
+{
+	const unsigned char * const prime = RFC3526_PRIME_1536;
+	const size_t prime_len = sizeof(RFC3526_PRIME_1536);
+	const u8 generator = *RFC3526_GENERATOR_1536;
+	struct wpabuf *wpubl = NULL, *wpriv = NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_dhm_init(ctx);
+
+	if (   (wpubl = wpabuf_alloc(prime_len))
+	    && (wpriv = wpabuf_alloc(prime_len))
+	    && crypto_mbedtls_dh_init_public(ctx, generator, prime, prime_len,
+	                                     wpabuf_put(wpriv, prime_len),
+	                                     wpabuf_put(wpubl, prime_len))==0) {
+		wpabuf_free(*publ);
+		wpabuf_clear_free(*priv);
+		*publ = wpubl;
+		*priv = wpriv;
+		return ctx;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_clear_free(wpriv);
+	wpabuf_free(wpubl);
+	mbedtls_dhm_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_DH5_INIT_FIXED
+void * dh5_init_fixed(const struct wpabuf *priv, const struct wpabuf *publ)
+{
+	const unsigned char * const prime = RFC3526_PRIME_1536;
+	const size_t prime_len = sizeof(RFC3526_PRIME_1536);
+	const u8 generator = *RFC3526_GENERATOR_1536;
+
+	mbedtls_dhm_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_dhm_init(ctx);
+
+	if (crypto_mbedtls_dh_set_bin_pg(ctx, generator, prime, prime_len)==0
+	   #if 0 /*(ignore; not required to derive shared secret)*/
+	    && mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&ctx->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(GX),
+				       wpabuf_head(publ),wpabuf_len(publ))==0
+	   #endif
+	    && mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&ctx->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X),
+				       wpabuf_head(priv),wpabuf_len(priv))==0) {
+		return ctx;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_dhm_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct wpabuf * dh5_derive_shared(void *ctx, const struct wpabuf *peer_public,
+				  const struct wpabuf *own_private)
+{
+	/*((mbedtls_dhm_context *)ctx must already contain own_private)*/
+	/* mbedtls 2.x: prime_len = ctx->len; */
+	/* mbedtls 3.x: prime_len = mbedtls_dhm_get_len(ctx); */
+	size_t olen = sizeof(RFC3526_PRIME_1536); /*(sizeof(); prime known)*/
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(olen);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	if (mbedtls_dhm_read_public((mbedtls_dhm_context *)ctx,
+	                            wpabuf_head(peer_public),
+	                            wpabuf_len(peer_public)) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_dhm_calc_secret(ctx, wpabuf_mhead(buf), olen, &olen,
+	                               mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                               crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) == 0) {
+		wpabuf_put(buf, olen);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void dh5_free(void *ctx)
+{
+	mbedtls_dhm_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_DH */
+
+
+#if defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_ECDH) || defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC)
+
+#include <mbedtls/ecp.h>
+
+#define CRYPTO_EC_pbits(e) (((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->pbits)
+#define CRYPTO_EC_plen(e) ((((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->pbits+7)>>3)
+#define CRYPTO_EC_P(e)    (&((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->P)
+#define CRYPTO_EC_N(e)    (&((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->N)
+#define CRYPTO_EC_A(e)    (&((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->A)
+#define CRYPTO_EC_B(e)    (&((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->B)
+#define CRYPTO_EC_G(e)    (&((mbedtls_ecp_group *)(e))->G)
+
+static mbedtls_ecp_group_id crypto_mbedtls_ecp_group_id_from_ike_id(int group)
+{
+	/* https://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters/ikev2-parameters.xhtml */
+	switch (group) {
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1_ENABLED
+	case 19: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1_ENABLED
+	case 20: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1_ENABLED
+	case 21: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP192R1_ENABLED
+	case 25: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP192R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP224R1_ENABLED
+	case 26: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP224R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1_ENABLED
+	case 28: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1_ENABLED
+	case 29: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1_ENABLED
+	case 30: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519_ENABLED
+	case 31: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448_ENABLED
+	case 32: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448;
+  #endif
+	default: return MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE;
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC
+static int crypto_mbedtls_ike_id_from_ecp_group_id(mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id)
+{
+	/* https://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters/ikev2-parameters.xhtml */
+	/*(for crypto_ec_key_group())*/
+	switch (grp_id) {
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1:  return 19;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1:  return 20;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1:  return 21;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP192R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP192R1:  return 25;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP224R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP224R1:  return 26;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1:    return 28;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1:    return 29;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1:    return 30;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519: return 31;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448:   return 32;
+  #endif
+	default: return -1;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_ECDH || CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC */
+
+
+#if defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_ECDH) || defined(CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP)
+
+#include <mbedtls/ecp.h>
+#include <mbedtls/pk.h>
+
+static int crypto_mbedtls_keypair_gen(int group, mbedtls_pk_context *pk)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id =
+	  crypto_mbedtls_ecp_group_id_from_ike_id(group);
+	if (grp_id == MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE)
+		return -1;
+	const mbedtls_pk_info_t *pk_info =
+	  mbedtls_pk_info_from_type(MBEDTLS_PK_ECKEY);
+	if (pk_info == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	return mbedtls_pk_setup(pk, pk_info)
+	    || mbedtls_ecp_gen_key(grp_id, mbedtls_pk_ec(*pk),
+	                           mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                           crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_ECDH
+
+#include <mbedtls/ecdh.h>
+#include <mbedtls/ecdsa.h>
+#include <mbedtls/ecp.h>
+#include <mbedtls/pk.h>
+
+/* wrap mbedtls_ecdh_context for more future-proof direct access to components
+ * (mbedtls_ecdh_context internal implementation may change between releases)
+ *
+ * If mbedtls_pk_context -- specifically underlying mbedtls_ecp_keypair --
+ * lifetime were guaranteed to be longer than that of mbedtls_ecdh_context,
+ * then mbedtls_pk_context or mbedtls_ecp_keypair could be stored in crypto_ecdh
+ * (or crypto_ec_key could be stored in crypto_ecdh, and crypto_ec_key could
+ *  wrap mbedtls_ecp_keypair and components, to avoid MBEDTLS_PRIVATE access) */
+struct crypto_ecdh {
+	mbedtls_ecdh_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group grp;
+	mbedtls_ecp_point Q;
+};
+
+struct crypto_ecdh * crypto_ecdh_init(int group)
+{
+	mbedtls_pk_context pk;
+	mbedtls_pk_init(&pk);
+	struct crypto_ecdh *ecdh = crypto_mbedtls_keypair_gen(group, &pk) == 0
+	  ? crypto_ecdh_init2(group, (struct crypto_ec_key *)&pk)
+	  : NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_free(&pk);
+	return ecdh;
+}
+
+struct crypto_ecdh * crypto_ecdh_init2(int group,
+				       struct crypto_ec_key *own_key)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id =
+	  crypto_mbedtls_ecp_group_id_from_ike_id(group);
+	if (grp_id == MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)own_key);
+	struct crypto_ecdh *ecdh = os_malloc(sizeof(*ecdh));
+	if (ecdh == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecdh_init(&ecdh->ctx);
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_init(&ecdh->grp);
+	mbedtls_ecp_point_init(&ecdh->Q);
+	if (mbedtls_ecdh_setup(&ecdh->ctx, grp_id) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_ecdh_get_params(&ecdh->ctx,ecp_kp,MBEDTLS_ECDH_OURS) == 0) {
+		/* copy grp and Q for later use
+		 * (retrieving this info later is more convoluted
+		 *  even if mbedtls_ecdh_make_public() is considered)*/
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+		mbedtls_mpi d;
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(&d);
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_export(ecp_kp, &ecdh->grp, &d, &ecdh->Q) == 0) {
+			mbedtls_mpi_free(&d);
+			return ecdh;
+		}
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&d);
+	  #else
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_group_load(&ecdh->grp, grp_id) == 0
+		    && mbedtls_ecp_copy(&ecdh->Q, &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q)) == 0)
+			return ecdh;
+	  #endif
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_ecp_point_free(&ecdh->Q);
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_free(&ecdh->grp);
+	mbedtls_ecdh_free(&ecdh->ctx);
+	os_free(ecdh);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ecdh_get_pubkey(struct crypto_ecdh *ecdh, int inc_y)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *grp = &ecdh->grp;
+	size_t len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(grp);
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED
+	/* len */
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type(grp) == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS)
+		len = inc_y ? len*2+1 : len+1;
+  #endif
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(len);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	inc_y = inc_y ? MBEDTLS_ECP_PF_UNCOMPRESSED : MBEDTLS_ECP_PF_COMPRESSED;
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_point_write_binary(grp, &ecdh->Q, inc_y, &len,
+	                                   wpabuf_mhead_u8(buf), len) == 0) {
+		wpabuf_put(buf, len);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED)
+static int crypto_mbedtls_short_weierstrass_derive_y(mbedtls_ecp_group *grp,
+                                                     mbedtls_mpi *bn,
+                                                     int parity_bit)
+{
+	/* y^2 = x^3 + ax + b
+	 * sqrt(w) = w^((p+1)/4) mod p   (for prime p where p = 3 mod 4) */
+	mbedtls_mpi *cy2 = (mbedtls_mpi *)
+	  crypto_ec_point_compute_y_sqr((struct crypto_ec *)grp,
+	                                (const struct crypto_bignum *)bn); /*x*/
+	if (cy2 == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*mbedtls_mpi_free(bn);*/
+	/*(reuse bn to store result (y))*/
+
+	mbedtls_mpi exp;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&exp);
+	int ret = mbedtls_mpi_get_bit(&grp->P, 0) != 1 /*(p = 3 mod 4)*/
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_get_bit(&grp->P, 1) != 1 /*(p = 3 mod 4)*/
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_add_int(&exp, &grp->P, 1)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_shift_r(&exp, 2)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod(bn, cy2, &exp, &grp->P, NULL)
+	       || (mbedtls_mpi_get_bit(bn, 0) != parity_bit
+	           && mbedtls_mpi_sub_mpi(bn, &grp->P, bn));
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&exp);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(cy2);
+	os_free(cy2);
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ecdh_set_peerkey(struct crypto_ecdh *ecdh, int inc_y,
+					const u8 *key, size_t len)
+{
+	if (len == 0) /*(invalid peer key)*/
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *grp = &ecdh->grp;
+
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED)
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type(grp) == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS) {
+		/* add header for mbedtls_ecdh_read_public() */
+		u8 buf[256];
+		if (sizeof(buf)-1 < len)
+			return NULL;
+		buf[0] = (u8)(len);
+		os_memcpy(buf+1, key, len);
+
+		if (inc_y) {
+			if (!(len & 1)) { /*(dpp code/tests does not include tag?!?)*/
+				if (sizeof(buf)-2 < len)
+					return NULL;
+				buf[0] = (u8)(1+len);
+				buf[1] = 0x04;
+				os_memcpy(buf+2, key, len);
+			}
+			len >>= 1; /*(repurpose len to prime_len)*/
+		}
+		else if (key[0] == 0x02 || key[0] == 0x03) { /* (inc_y == 0) */
+			--len; /*(repurpose len to prime_len)*/
+
+			/* mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary() does not currently support
+			 * MBEDTLS_ECP_PF_COMPRESSED format (buf[1] = 0x02 or 0x03)
+			 * (returns MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE) */
+
+			/* derive y, amend buf[] with y for UNCOMPRESSED format */
+			if (sizeof(buf)-2 < len*2 || len == 0)
+				return NULL;
+			buf[0] = (u8)(1+len*2);
+			buf[1] = 0x04;
+			mbedtls_mpi bn;
+			mbedtls_mpi_init(&bn);
+			int ret = mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&bn, key+1, len)
+			       || crypto_mbedtls_short_weierstrass_derive_y(grp, &bn,
+			                                                    key[0] & 1)
+			       || mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(&bn, buf+2+len, len);
+			mbedtls_mpi_free(&bn);
+			if (ret != 0)
+				return NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (key[0] == 0) /*(repurpose len to prime_len)*/
+			len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(grp);
+
+		if (mbedtls_ecdh_read_public(&ecdh->ctx, buf, buf[0]+1))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+  #endif
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED)
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type(grp) == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_MONTGOMERY) {
+		if (mbedtls_ecdh_read_public(&ecdh->ctx, key, len))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+  #endif
+
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(len);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (mbedtls_ecdh_calc_secret(&ecdh->ctx, &len,
+	                             wpabuf_mhead(buf), len,
+	                             mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                             crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) == 0) {
+		wpabuf_put(buf, len);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_clear_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void crypto_ecdh_deinit(struct crypto_ecdh *ecdh)
+{
+	if (ecdh == NULL)
+		return;
+	mbedtls_ecp_point_free(&ecdh->Q);
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_free(&ecdh->grp);
+	mbedtls_ecdh_free(&ecdh->ctx);
+	os_free(ecdh);
+}
+
+size_t crypto_ecdh_prime_len(struct crypto_ecdh *ecdh)
+{
+	return CRYPTO_EC_plen(&ecdh->grp);
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_ECDH */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC
+
+#include <mbedtls/ecp.h>
+
+struct crypto_ec *crypto_ec_init(int group)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id =
+	  crypto_mbedtls_ecp_group_id_from_ike_id(group);
+	if (grp_id == MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *e = os_malloc(sizeof(*e));
+	if (e == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_init(e);
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_group_load(e, grp_id) == 0)
+		return (struct crypto_ec *)e;
+
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_free(e);
+	os_free(e);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void crypto_ec_deinit(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_free((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e);
+	os_free(e);
+}
+
+size_t crypto_ec_prime_len(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return CRYPTO_EC_plen(e);
+}
+
+size_t crypto_ec_prime_len_bits(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return CRYPTO_EC_pbits(e);
+}
+
+size_t crypto_ec_order_len(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return (mbedtls_mpi_bitlen(CRYPTO_EC_N(e)) + 7) / 8;
+}
+
+const struct crypto_bignum *crypto_ec_get_prime(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_P(e);
+}
+
+const struct crypto_bignum *crypto_ec_get_order(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_N(e);
+}
+
+const struct crypto_bignum *crypto_ec_get_a(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	static const uint8_t secp256r1_a[] =
+	  {0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,
+	   0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+	   0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfc};
+	static const uint8_t secp384r1_a[] =
+	  {0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+	   0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfc};
+	static const uint8_t secp521r1_a[] =
+	  {0x01,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xfc};
+	static const uint8_t secp192r1_a[] =
+	  {0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfc};
+	static const uint8_t secp224r1_a[] =
+	  {0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,
+	   0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe};
+
+	const uint8_t *bin = NULL;
+	size_t len = 0;
+
+	/* (mbedtls groups matching supported sswu_curve_param() IKE groups) */
+	switch (((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)->id) {
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1:
+		bin = secp256r1_a;
+		len = sizeof(secp256r1_a);
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1:
+		bin = secp384r1_a;
+		len = sizeof(secp384r1_a);
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1:
+		bin = secp521r1_a;
+		len = sizeof(secp521r1_a);
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP192R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP192R1:
+		bin = secp192r1_a;
+		len = sizeof(secp192r1_a);
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP224R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP224R1:
+		bin = secp224r1_a;
+		len = sizeof(secp224r1_a);
+		break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1:
+		return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_A(e);
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1:
+		return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_A(e);
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1:
+		return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_A(e);
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519:
+		return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_A(e);
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448_ENABLED
+	case MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448:
+		return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_A(e);
+  #endif
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*(note: not thread-safe; returns file-scoped static storage)*/
+	if (mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&mpi_sw_A, bin, len) == 0)
+		return (const struct crypto_bignum *)&mpi_sw_A;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+const struct crypto_bignum *crypto_ec_get_b(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return (const struct crypto_bignum *)CRYPTO_EC_B(e);
+}
+
+const struct crypto_ec_point * crypto_ec_get_generator(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	return (const struct crypto_ec_point *)CRYPTO_EC_G(e);
+}
+
+struct crypto_ec_point *crypto_ec_point_init(struct crypto_ec *e)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *p = os_malloc(sizeof(*p));
+	if (p != NULL)
+		mbedtls_ecp_point_init(p);
+	return (struct crypto_ec_point *)p;
+}
+
+void crypto_ec_point_deinit(struct crypto_ec_point *p, int clear)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_point_free((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p);
+	os_free(p);
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_x(struct crypto_ec *e, const struct crypto_ec_point *p,
+		      struct crypto_bignum *x)
+{
+	mbedtls_mpi *px = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X);
+	return mbedtls_mpi_copy((mbedtls_mpi *)x, px)
+	  ? -1
+	  : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_to_bin(struct crypto_ec *e,
+			   const struct crypto_ec_point *point, u8 *x, u8 *y)
+{
+	/* crypto.h documents crypto_ec_point_to_bin() output is big-endian */
+	size_t len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(e);
+	if (x) {
+		mbedtls_mpi *px = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)point)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X);
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(px, x, len))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (y) {
+	  #if 0 /*(should not be necessary; py mpi should be in initial state)*/
+	  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)
+		    == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_MONTGOMERY) {
+			os_memset(y, 0, len);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	  #endif
+	  #endif
+		mbedtls_mpi *py = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)point)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Y);
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_write_binary(py, y, len))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct crypto_ec_point * crypto_ec_point_from_bin(struct crypto_ec *e,
+						  const u8 *val)
+{
+	size_t len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(e);
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *p = os_malloc(sizeof(*p));
+	u8 buf[1+MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE*2];
+	if (p == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_point_init(p);
+
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)
+	    == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS) {
+	  #if 0 /* prefer alternative to MBEDTLS_PRIVATE() access */
+		mbedtls_mpi *px = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X);
+		mbedtls_mpi *py = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Y);
+		mbedtls_mpi *pz = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Z);
+
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(px, val, len) == 0
+		    && mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(py, val + len, len) == 0
+		    && mbedtls_mpi_lset(pz, 1) == 0)
+			return (struct crypto_ec_point *)p;
+	  #else
+		buf[0] = 0x04;
+		os_memcpy(buf+1, val, len*2);
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e, p,
+		                                  buf, 1+len*2) == 0)
+			return (struct crypto_ec_point *)p;
+	  #endif
+	}
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)
+	    == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_MONTGOMERY) {
+		/* crypto.h interface documents crypto_ec_point_from_bin()
+		 * val is length: prime_len * 2 and is big-endian
+		 * (Short Weierstrass is assumed by hostap)
+		 * Reverse to little-endian format for Montgomery */
+		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+			buf[i] = val[len-1-i];
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e, p,
+		                                  buf, len) == 0)
+			return (struct crypto_ec_point *)p;
+	}
+  #endif
+
+	mbedtls_ecp_point_free(p);
+	os_free(p);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_add(struct crypto_ec *e, const struct crypto_ec_point *a,
+			const struct crypto_ec_point *b,
+			struct crypto_ec_point *c)
+{
+	/* mbedtls does not provide an mbedtls_ecp_point add function */
+	mbedtls_mpi one;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&one);
+	int ret = mbedtls_mpi_lset(&one, 1)
+	       || mbedtls_ecp_muladd(
+			(mbedtls_ecp_group *)e, (mbedtls_ecp_point *)c,
+			&one, (const mbedtls_ecp_point *)a,
+			&one, (const mbedtls_ecp_point *)b) ? -1 : 0;
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&one);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_mul(struct crypto_ec *e, const struct crypto_ec_point *p,
+			const struct crypto_bignum *b,
+			struct crypto_ec_point *res)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ecp_mul(
+		(mbedtls_ecp_group *)e, (mbedtls_ecp_point *)res,
+		(const mbedtls_mpi *)b, (const mbedtls_ecp_point *)p,
+		mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_invert(struct crypto_ec *e, struct crypto_ec_point *p)
+{
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)
+	    == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_MONTGOMERY) {
+		/* e.g. MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE25519 and MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_CURVE448 */
+		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR,
+		           "%s not implemented for Montgomery curves",__func__);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* mbedtls does not provide an mbedtls_ecp_point invert function */
+	/* below works for Short Weierstrass; incorrect for Montgomery curves */
+	mbedtls_mpi *py = &((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Y);
+	return mbedtls_ecp_is_zero((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p) /*point at infinity*/
+	    || mbedtls_mpi_cmp_int(py, 0) == 0      /*point is its own inverse*/
+	    || mbedtls_mpi_sub_abs(py, CRYPTO_EC_P(e), py) == 0 ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED
+static int
+crypto_ec_point_y_sqr_weierstrass(mbedtls_ecp_group *e, const mbedtls_mpi *x,
+                                  mbedtls_mpi *y2)
+{
+	/* MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS  y^2 = x^3 + a x + b    */
+
+	/* Short Weierstrass elliptic curve group w/o A set treated as A = -3 */
+	/* Attempt to match mbedtls/library/ecp.c:ecp_check_pubkey_sw() behavior
+	 * and elsewhere in mbedtls/library/ecp.c where if A is not set, it is
+	 * treated as if A = -3. */
+
+  #if 0
+	/* y^2 = x^3 + ax + b */
+	mbedtls_mpi *A = &e->A;
+	mbedtls_mpi t, A_neg3;
+	if (&e->A.p == NULL) {
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(&A_neg3);
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_lset(&A_neg3, -3) != 0) {
+			mbedtls_mpi_free(&A_neg3);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		A = &A_neg3;
+	}
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&t);
+	int ret = /* x^3 */
+	          mbedtls_mpi_lset(&t, 3)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_exp_mod(y2,  x, &t, &e->P, NULL)
+		  /* ax */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi(y2, y2, A)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(&t, &t, &e->P)
+		  /* ax + b */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi(&t, &t, &e->B)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(&t, &t, &e->P)
+		  /* x^3 + ax + b */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi(&t, &t, y2) /* ax + b + x^3 */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, &t, &e->P);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&t);
+	if (A == &A_neg3)
+		mbedtls_mpi_free(&A_neg3);
+	return ret; /* 0: success, non-zero: failure */
+  #else
+	/* y^2 = x^3 + ax + b = (x^2 + a)x + b */
+	return    /* x^2 */
+	          mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi(y2,  x, x)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P)
+		  /* x^2 + a */
+	       || (e->A.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(p)
+	           ? mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi(y2, y2, &e->A)
+	           : mbedtls_mpi_sub_int(y2, y2, 3))
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P)
+		  /* (x^2 + a)x */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi(y2, y2, x)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P)
+		  /* (x^2 + a)x + b */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi(y2, y2, &e->B)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P);
+  #endif
+}
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED */
+
+#if 0 /* not used by hostap */
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED
+static int
+crypto_ec_point_y_sqr_montgomery(mbedtls_ecp_group *e, const mbedtls_mpi *x,
+                                 mbedtls_mpi *y2)
+{
+	/* XXX: !!! must be reviewed and audited for correctness !!! */
+
+	/* MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_MONTGOMERY         y^2 = x^3 + a x^2 + x  */
+
+	/* y^2 = x^3 + a x^2 + x = (x + a)x^2 + x */
+	mbedtls_mpi x2;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&x2);
+	int ret = /* x^2 */
+	          mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi(&x2, x, x)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(&x2, &x2, &e->P)
+		  /* x + a */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi(y2,  x, &e->A)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P)
+		  /* (x + a)x^2 */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi(y2, y2, &x2)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P)
+		  /* (x + a)x^2 + x */
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_add_mpi(y2, y2, x)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(y2, y2, &e->P);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&x2);
+	return ret; /* 0: success, non-zero: failure */
+}
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED */
+#endif
+
+struct crypto_bignum *
+crypto_ec_point_compute_y_sqr(struct crypto_ec *e,
+			      const struct crypto_bignum *x)
+{
+	mbedtls_mpi *y2 = os_malloc(sizeof(*y2));
+	if (y2 == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(y2);
+
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)
+	      == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS
+	    && crypto_ec_point_y_sqr_weierstrass((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e,
+	                                         (const mbedtls_mpi *)x,
+	                                         y2) == 0)
+		return (struct crypto_bignum *)y2;
+  #endif
+  #if 0 /* not used by hostap */
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)
+	      == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_MONTGOMERY
+	    && crypto_ec_point_y_sqr_montgomery((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e,
+	                                        (const mbedtls_mpi *)x,
+	                                        y2) == 0)
+		return (struct crypto_bignum *)y2;
+  #endif
+  #endif
+
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(y2);
+	os_free(y2);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_is_at_infinity(struct crypto_ec *e,
+				   const struct crypto_ec_point *p)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ecp_is_zero((mbedtls_ecp_point *)p);
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_is_on_curve(struct crypto_ec *e,
+				const struct crypto_ec_point *p)
+{
+  #if 1
+	return mbedtls_ecp_check_pubkey((const mbedtls_ecp_group *)e,
+	                                (const mbedtls_ecp_point *)p) == 0;
+  #else
+	/* compute y^2 mod P and compare to y^2 mod P */
+	/*(ref: src/eap_common/eap_pwd_common.c:compute_password_element())*/
+	const mbedtls_mpi *px = &((const mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X);
+	mbedtls_mpi *cy2 = (mbedtls_mpi *)
+	  crypto_ec_point_compute_y_sqr(e, (const struct crypto_bignum *)px);
+	if (cy2 == NULL)
+		return 0;
+
+	mbedtls_mpi y2;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&y2);
+	const mbedtls_mpi *py = &((const mbedtls_ecp_point *)p)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Y);
+	int is_on_curve = mbedtls_mpi_mul_mpi(&y2, py, py) /* y^2 mod P */
+	               || mbedtls_mpi_mod_mpi(&y2, &y2, CRYPTO_EC_P(e))
+	               || mbedtls_mpi_cmp_mpi(&y2, cy2) != 0 ? 0 : 1;
+
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&y2);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(cy2);
+	os_free(cy2);
+	return is_on_curve;
+  #endif
+}
+
+int crypto_ec_point_cmp(const struct crypto_ec *e,
+			const struct crypto_ec_point *a,
+			const struct crypto_ec_point *b)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ecp_point_cmp((const mbedtls_ecp_point *)a,
+	                             (const mbedtls_ecp_point *)b);
+}
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_NO_STDOUT_DEBUG)
+void crypto_ec_point_debug_print(const struct crypto_ec *e,
+				 const struct crypto_ec_point *p,
+				 const char *title)
+{
+	u8 x[MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE];
+	u8 y[MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE];
+	size_t len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(e);
+	/* crypto_ec_point_to_bin ought to take (const struct crypto_ec *e) */
+	struct crypto_ec *ee;
+	*(const struct crypto_ec **)&ee = e; /*(cast away const)*/
+	if (crypto_ec_point_to_bin(ee, p, x, y) == 0) {
+		if (title)
+			wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s", title);
+		wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "x:", x, len);
+		wpa_hexdump(MSG_DEBUG, "y:", y, len);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+struct crypto_ec_key * crypto_ec_key_parse_priv(const u8 *der, size_t der_len)
+{
+	mbedtls_pk_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_init(ctx);
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	if (mbedtls_pk_parse_key(ctx, der, der_len, NULL, 0) == 0)
+  #else
+	if (mbedtls_pk_parse_key(ctx, der, der_len, NULL, 0,
+	                         mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                         crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) == 0)
+  #endif
+		return (struct crypto_ec_key *)ctx;
+
+	mbedtls_pk_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_HPKE
+#ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_TESTS
+/*(for crypto_module_tests.c)*/
+struct crypto_ec_key * crypto_ec_key_set_priv(int group,
+					      const u8 *raw, size_t raw_len)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id =
+	  crypto_mbedtls_ecp_group_id_from_ike_id(group);
+	if (grp_id == MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE)
+		return NULL;
+	const mbedtls_pk_info_t *pk_info =
+	  mbedtls_pk_info_from_type(MBEDTLS_PK_ECKEY);
+	if (pk_info == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_init(ctx);
+	if (mbedtls_pk_setup(ctx, pk_info) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_ecp_read_key(grp_id,mbedtls_pk_ec(*ctx),raw,raw_len) == 0) {
+		return (struct crypto_ec_key *)ctx;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_pk_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include <mbedtls/error.h>
+#include <mbedtls/oid.h>
+static int crypto_mbedtls_pk_parse_subpubkey_compressed(mbedtls_pk_context *ctx, const u8 *der, size_t der_len)
+{
+    /* The following is modified from:
+     *   mbedtls/library/pkparse.c:mbedtls_pk_parse_subpubkey()
+     *   mbedtls/library/pkparse.c:pk_get_pk_alg()
+     *   mbedtls/library/pkparse.c:pk_use_ecparams()
+     */
+    mbedtls_pk_type_t pk_alg = MBEDTLS_PK_NONE;
+    const mbedtls_pk_info_t *pk_info;
+    int ret;
+    size_t len;
+    const unsigned char *end = der+der_len;
+    unsigned char *p;
+    *(const unsigned char **)&p = der;
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_asn1_get_tag( &p, end, &len,
+                    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERROR_ADD( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_KEY_INVALID_FORMAT, ret ) );
+    }
+
+    end = p + len;
+
+    /*
+    if( ( ret = pk_get_pk_alg( &p, end, &pk_alg, &alg_params ) ) != 0 )
+        return( ret );
+    */
+    mbedtls_asn1_buf alg_oid, params;
+    memset( &params, 0, sizeof(mbedtls_asn1_buf) );
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_asn1_get_alg( &p, end, &alg_oid, &params ) ) != 0 )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERROR_ADD( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_INVALID_ALG, ret ) );
+    if( mbedtls_oid_get_pk_alg( &alg_oid, &pk_alg ) != 0 )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_UNKNOWN_PK_ALG );
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_asn1_get_bitstring_null( &p, end, &len ) ) != 0 )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERROR_ADD( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_INVALID_PUBKEY, ret ) );
+
+    if( p + len != end )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERROR_ADD( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_INVALID_PUBKEY,
+                MBEDTLS_ERR_ASN1_LENGTH_MISMATCH ) );
+
+    if( ( pk_info = mbedtls_pk_info_from_type( pk_alg ) ) == NULL )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_UNKNOWN_PK_ALG );
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_pk_setup( ctx, pk_info ) ) != 0 )
+        return( ret );
+
+    /* assume mbedtls_pk_parse_subpubkey(&der, der+der_len, ctx)
+     * has already run with ctx initialized up to pk_get_ecpubkey(),
+     * and pk_get_ecpubkey() has returned MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE
+     *
+     * mbedtls mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary()
+     * does not handle point in COMPRESSED format
+     *
+     * (validate assumption that algorithm is EC) */
+    mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*ctx);
+    if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE );
+    mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_kp_grp = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+    mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp_Q = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+    mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id;
+
+
+    /* mbedtls/library/pkparse.c:pk_use_ecparams() */
+
+    if( params.tag == MBEDTLS_ASN1_OID )
+    {
+        if( mbedtls_oid_get_ec_grp( &params, &grp_id ) != 0 )
+            return( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_UNKNOWN_NAMED_CURVE );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_PK_PARSE_EC_EXTENDED)
+        /*(large code block not copied from mbedtls; unsupported)*/
+      #if 0
+        if( ( ret = pk_group_id_from_specified( &params, &grp_id ) ) != 0 )
+            return( ret );
+      #endif
+#endif
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_KEY_INVALID_FORMAT );
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * grp may already be initialized; if so, make sure IDs match
+     */
+    if( ecp_kp_grp->id != MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE && ecp_kp_grp->id != grp_id )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERR_PK_KEY_INVALID_FORMAT );
+
+    if( ( ret = mbedtls_ecp_group_load( ecp_kp_grp, grp_id ) ) != 0 )
+        return( ret );
+
+
+    /* (validate assumption that EC point is in COMPRESSED format) */
+    len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(ecp_kp_grp);
+    if( mbedtls_ecp_get_type(ecp_kp_grp) != MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS
+        || (end - p) != 1+len
+        || (*p != 0x02 && *p != 0x03) )
+        return( MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE );
+
+    /* Instead of calling mbedtls/library/pkparse.c:pk_get_ecpubkey() to call
+     * mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary(), manually parse point into ecp_kp_Q */
+    mbedtls_mpi *X = &ecp_kp_Q->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(X);
+    mbedtls_mpi *Y = &ecp_kp_Q->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Y);
+    mbedtls_mpi *Z = &ecp_kp_Q->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Z);
+    ret = mbedtls_mpi_lset(Z, 1);
+    if (ret != 0)
+        return( ret );
+    ret = mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(X, p+1, len);
+    if (ret != 0)
+        return( ret );
+    /* derive Y
+     * (similar derivation of Y in crypto_mbedtls.c:crypto_ecdh_set_peerkey())*/
+    ret = mbedtls_mpi_copy(Y, X) /*(Y is used as input and output obj below)*/
+       || crypto_mbedtls_short_weierstrass_derive_y(ecp_kp_grp, Y, (*p & 1));
+    if (ret != 0)
+        return( ret );
+
+    return mbedtls_ecp_check_pubkey( ecp_kp_grp, ecp_kp_Q );
+}
+
+struct crypto_ec_key * crypto_ec_key_parse_pub(const u8 *der, size_t der_len)
+{
+	mbedtls_pk_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_init(ctx);
+	/*int rc = mbedtls_pk_parse_subpubkey(&der, der+der_len, ctx);*/
+	int rc = mbedtls_pk_parse_public_key(ctx, der, der_len);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		return (struct crypto_ec_key *)ctx;
+	else if (rc == MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+		/* mbedtls mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary()
+		 * does not handle point in COMPRESSED format; parse internally */
+		rc = crypto_mbedtls_pk_parse_subpubkey_compressed(ctx,der,der_len);
+		if (rc == 0)
+			return (struct crypto_ec_key *)ctx;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_pk_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP
+
+static struct crypto_ec_key *
+crypto_ec_key_set_pub_point_for_group(mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id,
+                                      const mbedtls_ecp_point *pub,
+                                      const u8 *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	const mbedtls_pk_info_t *pk_info =
+	  mbedtls_pk_info_from_type(MBEDTLS_PK_ECKEY);
+	if (pk_info == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_init(ctx);
+	if (mbedtls_pk_setup(ctx, pk_info) == 0) {
+		/* (Is private key generation necessary for callers?)
+		 * alt: gen key then overwrite Q
+		 *   mbedtls_ecp_gen_key(grp_id, ecp_kp,
+	         *                       mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	         *                       crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) == 0
+	         */
+		mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*ctx);
+		mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_kp_grp = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+		mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp_Q = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+		mbedtls_mpi *ecp_kp_d = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(d);
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_group_load(ecp_kp_grp, grp_id) == 0
+		    && (pub
+		         ? mbedtls_ecp_copy(ecp_kp_Q, pub) == 0
+		         : mbedtls_ecp_point_read_binary(ecp_kp_grp, ecp_kp_Q,
+		                                         buf, len) == 0)
+		    && mbedtls_ecp_gen_privkey(ecp_kp_grp, ecp_kp_d,
+		                               mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+		                               crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) == 0){
+			return (struct crypto_ec_key *)ctx;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_pk_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct crypto_ec_key * crypto_ec_key_set_pub(int group, const u8 *x,
+					     const u8 *y, size_t len)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id =
+	  crypto_mbedtls_ecp_group_id_from_ike_id(group);
+	if (grp_id == MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE)
+		return NULL;
+	if (len > MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE)
+		return NULL;
+	u8 buf[1+MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE*2];
+	buf[0] = 0x04; /* assume x,y for Short Weierstrass */
+	os_memcpy(buf+1, x, len);
+	os_memcpy(buf+1+len, y, len);
+
+	return crypto_ec_key_set_pub_point_for_group(grp_id,NULL,buf,1+len*2);
+}
+
+struct crypto_ec_key *
+crypto_ec_key_set_pub_point(struct crypto_ec *e,
+			    const struct crypto_ec_point *pub)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id = ((mbedtls_ecp_group *)e)->id;
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *p = (mbedtls_ecp_point *)pub;
+	return crypto_ec_key_set_pub_point_for_group(grp_id, p, NULL, 0);
+}
+
+
+struct crypto_ec_key * crypto_ec_key_gen(int group)
+{
+	mbedtls_pk_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_pk_init(ctx);
+	if (crypto_mbedtls_keypair_gen(group, ctx) == 0)
+		return (struct crypto_ec_key *)ctx;
+	mbedtls_pk_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP */
+
+void crypto_ec_key_deinit(struct crypto_ec_key *key)
+{
+	mbedtls_pk_free((mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	os_free(key);
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ec_key_get_subject_public_key(struct crypto_ec_key *key)
+{
+	/* (similar to crypto_ec_key_get_pubkey_point(),
+	 *  but compressed point format and ASN.1 DER wrapping)*/
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_PK_ECP_PUB_DER_MAX_BYTES /*(mbedtls/library/pkwrite.h)*/
+#define MBEDTLS_PK_ECP_PUB_DER_MAX_BYTES    ( 30 + 2 * MBEDTLS_ECP_MAX_BYTES )
+#endif
+	unsigned char buf[MBEDTLS_PK_ECP_PUB_DER_MAX_BYTES];
+	int len = mbedtls_pk_write_pubkey_der((mbedtls_pk_context *)key,
+	                                      buf, sizeof(buf));
+	if (len < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	/*  Note: data is written at the end of the buffer! Use the
+	 *        return value to determine where you should start
+	 *        using the buffer */
+	unsigned char *p = buf+sizeof(buf)-len;
+
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *grp = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	/*  Note: sae_pk.c expects pubkey point in compressed format,
+	 *        but mbedtls_pk_write_pubkey_der() writes uncompressed format.
+	 *        Manually translate format and update lengths in DER format */
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type(grp) == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS) {
+		unsigned char *end = buf+sizeof(buf);
+		size_t n;
+		/* SubjectPublicKeyInfo SEQUENCE */
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &n,
+		    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+		/* algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier */
+		unsigned char *a = p;
+		size_t alen;
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &alen,
+		    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+		p += alen;
+		alen = (size_t)(p - a);
+		/* subjectPublicKey BIT STRING */
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &n, MBEDTLS_ASN1_BIT_STRING);
+		/* rewrite into compressed point format and rebuild ASN.1 */
+		p[1] = (buf[sizeof(buf)-1] & 1) ? 0x03 : 0x02;
+		n = 1 + 1 + (n-2)/2;
+		len = mbedtls_asn1_write_len(&p, buf, n) + (int)n;
+		len += mbedtls_asn1_write_tag(&p, buf, MBEDTLS_ASN1_BIT_STRING);
+		os_memmove(p-alen, a, alen);
+		len += alen;
+		p -= alen;
+		len += mbedtls_asn1_write_len(&p, buf, (size_t)len);
+		len += mbedtls_asn1_write_tag(&p, buf,
+		    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+	}
+  #endif
+	return wpabuf_alloc_copy(p, (size_t)len);
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ec_key_get_ecprivate_key(struct crypto_ec_key *key,
+						bool include_pub)
+{
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_PK_ECP_PRV_DER_MAX_BYTES /*(mbedtls/library/pkwrite.h)*/
+#define MBEDTLS_PK_ECP_PRV_DER_MAX_BYTES    ( 29 + 3 * MBEDTLS_ECP_MAX_BYTES )
+#endif
+	unsigned char priv[MBEDTLS_PK_ECP_PRV_DER_MAX_BYTES];
+	int privlen = mbedtls_pk_write_key_der((mbedtls_pk_context *)key,
+	                                       priv, sizeof(priv));
+	if (privlen < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	struct wpabuf *wbuf;
+
+	/*  Note: data is written at the end of the buffer! Use the
+	 *        return value to determine where you should start
+	 *        using the buffer */
+	/* mbedtls_pk_write_key_der() includes publicKey in DER */
+	if (include_pub)
+		wbuf = wpabuf_alloc_copy(priv+sizeof(priv)-privlen, privlen);
+	else {
+		/* calculate publicKey offset and skip from end of buffer */
+		unsigned char *p = priv+sizeof(priv)-privlen;
+		unsigned char *end = priv+sizeof(priv);
+		size_t len;
+		/* ECPrivateKey SEQUENCE */
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len,
+		    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+		/* version INTEGER */
+		unsigned char *v = p;
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len, MBEDTLS_ASN1_INTEGER);
+		p += len;
+		/* privateKey OCTET STRING */
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len, MBEDTLS_ASN1_OCTET_STRING);
+		p += len;
+		/* parameters ECParameters */
+		mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len,
+		    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED);
+		p += len;
+
+		/* write new SEQUENCE header (we know that it fits in priv[]) */
+		len = (size_t)(p - v);
+		p = v;
+		len += mbedtls_asn1_write_len(&p, priv, len);
+		len += mbedtls_asn1_write_tag(&p, priv,
+		    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+		wbuf = wpabuf_alloc_copy(p, len);
+	}
+
+	forced_memzero(priv, sizeof(priv));
+	return wbuf;
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ec_key_get_pubkey_point(struct crypto_ec_key *key,
+					       int prefix)
+{
+	/*(similarities to crypto_ecdh_get_pubkey(), but different struct)*/
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *grp = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	size_t len = CRYPTO_EC_plen(grp);
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_MONTGOMERY_ENABLED
+	/* len */
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ECP_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS_ENABLED
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_get_type(grp) == MBEDTLS_ECP_TYPE_SHORT_WEIERSTRASS)
+		len = len*2+1;
+  #endif
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(len);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp_Q = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+	if (mbedtls_ecp_point_write_binary(grp, ecp_kp_Q,
+	                                   MBEDTLS_ECP_PF_UNCOMPRESSED, &len,
+	                                   wpabuf_mhead_u8(buf), len) == 0) {
+		if (!prefix) /* Remove 0x04 prefix if requested */
+			os_memmove(wpabuf_mhead(buf),wpabuf_mhead(buf)+1,--len);
+		wpabuf_put(buf, len);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct crypto_ec_point *
+crypto_ec_key_get_public_key(struct crypto_ec_key *key)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *p = os_malloc(sizeof(*p));
+	if (p != NULL) {
+		/*(mbedtls_ecp_export() uses &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp))*/
+		mbedtls_ecp_point_init(p);
+		mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp_Q = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+		if (mbedtls_ecp_copy(p, ecp_kp_Q)) {
+			mbedtls_ecp_point_free(p);
+			os_free(p);
+			p = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	return (struct crypto_ec_point *)p;
+}
+
+struct crypto_bignum *
+crypto_ec_key_get_private_key(struct crypto_ec_key *key)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_mpi *bn = os_malloc(sizeof(*bn));
+	if (bn) {
+		/*(mbedtls_ecp_export() uses &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp))*/
+		mbedtls_mpi_init(bn);
+		mbedtls_mpi *ecp_kp_d = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(d);
+		if (mbedtls_mpi_copy(bn, ecp_kp_d)) {
+			mbedtls_mpi_free(bn);
+			os_free(bn);
+			bn = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	return (struct crypto_bignum *)bn;
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP */
+
+static mbedtls_md_type_t crypto_ec_key_sign_md(size_t len)
+{
+	/* get mbedtls_md_type_t from length of hash data to be signed */
+	switch (len) {
+	case 64: return MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512;
+	case 48: return MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384;
+	case 32: return MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256;
+	case 20: return MBEDTLS_MD_SHA1;
+	case 16: return MBEDTLS_MD_MD5;
+	default: return MBEDTLS_MD_NONE;
+	}
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ec_key_sign(struct crypto_ec_key *key, const u8 *data,
+				   size_t len)
+{
+  #ifndef MBEDTLS_PK_SIGNATURE_MAX_SIZE /*(defined since mbedtls 2.20.0)*/
+  #if MBEDTLS_ECDSA_MAX_LEN > MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE
+  #define MBEDTLS_PK_SIGNATURE_MAX_SIZE MBEDTLS_ECDSA_MAX_LEN
+  #else
+  #define MBEDTLS_PK_SIGNATURE_MAX_SIZE MBEDTLS_MPI_MAX_SIZE
+  #endif
+  #endif
+	size_t sig_len = MBEDTLS_PK_SIGNATURE_MAX_SIZE;
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(sig_len);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	if (mbedtls_pk_sign((mbedtls_pk_context *)key,
+	                    crypto_ec_key_sign_md(len), data, len,
+	                    wpabuf_mhead_u8(buf),
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	                    sig_len,
+  #endif
+	                    &sig_len,
+	                    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                    crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) == 0) {
+		wpabuf_put(buf, sig_len);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP
+struct wpabuf * crypto_ec_key_sign_r_s(struct crypto_ec_key *key,
+				       const u8 *data, size_t len)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	size_t sig_len = MBEDTLS_ECDSA_MAX_LEN;
+	u8 buf[MBEDTLS_ECDSA_MAX_LEN];
+	if (mbedtls_ecdsa_write_signature(ecp_kp, crypto_ec_key_sign_md(len),
+	                                  data, len, buf,
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	                                  sig_len,
+  #endif
+	                                  &sig_len,
+	                                  mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                                  crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg())) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*(mbedtls_ecdsa_write_signature() writes signature in ASN.1)*/
+	/* parse ASN.1 to get r and s and lengths */
+	u8 *p = buf, *r, *s;
+	u8 *end = p + sig_len;
+	size_t rlen, slen;
+	mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &rlen,
+	  MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+	mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &rlen, MBEDTLS_ASN1_INTEGER);
+	r = p;
+	p += rlen;
+	mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &slen, MBEDTLS_ASN1_INTEGER);
+	s = p;
+
+	/* write raw r and s into out
+	 * (including removal of leading 0 if added for ASN.1 integer)
+	 * note: DPP caller expects raw r, s each padded to prime len */
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_kp_grp = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	size_t plen = CRYPTO_EC_plen(ecp_kp_grp);
+	if (rlen > plen) {
+		r += (rlen - plen);
+		rlen = plen;
+	}
+	if (slen > plen) {
+		s += (slen - plen);
+		slen = plen;
+	}
+	struct wpabuf *out = wpabuf_alloc(plen*2);
+	if (out) {
+		wpabuf_put(out, plen*2);
+		p = wpabuf_mhead_u8(out);
+		os_memset(p, 0, plen*2);
+		os_memcpy(p+plen*1-rlen, r, rlen);
+		os_memcpy(p+plen*2-slen, s, slen);
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP */
+
+int crypto_ec_key_verify_signature(struct crypto_ec_key *key, const u8 *data,
+				   size_t len, const u8 *sig, size_t sig_len)
+{
+	switch (mbedtls_pk_verify((mbedtls_pk_context *)key,
+	                          crypto_ec_key_sign_md(len), data, len,
+	                          sig, sig_len)) {
+	case 0:
+	/*case MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_SIG_LEN_MISMATCH:*//* XXX: allow? */
+		return 1;
+	case MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_VERIFY_FAILED:
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP
+int crypto_ec_key_verify_signature_r_s(struct crypto_ec_key *key,
+				       const u8 *data, size_t len,
+				       const u8 *r, size_t r_len,
+				       const u8 *s, size_t s_len)
+{
+	/* reimplement mbedtls_ecdsa_read_signature() without encoding r and s
+	 * into ASN.1 just for mbedtls_ecdsa_read_signature() to decode ASN.1 */
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_kp_grp = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp_Q = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+
+	mbedtls_mpi mpi_r;
+	mbedtls_mpi mpi_s;
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&mpi_r);
+	mbedtls_mpi_init(&mpi_s);
+	int ret = mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&mpi_r, r, r_len)
+	       || mbedtls_mpi_read_binary(&mpi_s, s, s_len) ? -1 : 0;
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		ret = mbedtls_ecdsa_verify(ecp_kp_grp, data, len,
+		                           ecp_kp_Q, &mpi_r, &mpi_s);
+		ret = ret ? ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_BAD_INPUT_DATA ? 0 : -1 : 1;
+	}
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&mpi_r);
+	mbedtls_mpi_free(&mpi_s);
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP */
+
+int crypto_ec_key_group(struct crypto_ec_key *key)
+{
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp = mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	if (ecp_kp == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_group = &ecp_kp->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	return crypto_mbedtls_ike_id_from_ecp_group_id(ecp_group->id);
+}
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP
+
+int crypto_ec_key_cmp(struct crypto_ec_key *key1, struct crypto_ec_key *key2)
+{
+#if 0 /*(DPP is passing two public keys; unable to use pk_check_pair())*/
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	return mbedtls_pk_check_pair((const mbedtls_pk_context *)key1,
+	                             (const mbedtls_pk_context *)key2) ? -1 : 0;
+  #else
+	return mbedtls_pk_check_pair((const mbedtls_pk_context *)key1,
+	                             (const mbedtls_pk_context *)key2,
+	                             mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                             crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()) ? -1 : 0;
+  #endif
+#else
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp1=mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key1);
+	mbedtls_ecp_keypair *ecp_kp2=mbedtls_pk_ec(*(mbedtls_pk_context *)key2);
+	if (ecp_kp1 == NULL || ecp_kp2 == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_kp1_grp = &ecp_kp1->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	mbedtls_ecp_group *ecp_kp2_grp = &ecp_kp2->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(grp);
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp1_Q = &ecp_kp1->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+	mbedtls_ecp_point *ecp_kp2_Q = &ecp_kp2->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(Q);
+	return ecp_kp1_grp->id != ecp_kp2_grp->id
+	    || mbedtls_ecp_point_cmp(ecp_kp1_Q, ecp_kp2_Q) ? -1 : 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+void crypto_ec_key_debug_print(const struct crypto_ec_key *key,
+			       const char *title)
+{
+	/* TBD: what info is desirable here and in what human readable format?*/
+	/*(crypto_openssl.c prints a human-readably public key and attributes)*/
+  #if 0
+	struct mbedtls_pk_debug_item debug_item;
+	if (mbedtls_pk_debug((const mbedtls_pk_context *)key, &debug_item))
+		return;
+	/* ... */
+  #endif
+	wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s: %s not implemented", title, __func__);
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC_DPP */
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_EC */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_CSR
+
+#include <mbedtls/x509_csr.h>
+#include <mbedtls/oid.h>
+
+struct crypto_csr * crypto_csr_init(void)
+{
+	mbedtls_x509write_csr *csr = os_malloc(sizeof(*csr));
+	if (csr != NULL)
+		mbedtls_x509write_csr_init(csr);
+	return (struct crypto_csr *)csr;
+}
+
+struct crypto_csr * crypto_csr_verify(const struct wpabuf *req)
+{
+	/* future: look for alternatives to MBEDTLS_PRIVATE() access */
+
+	/* sole caller src/common/dpp_crypto.c:dpp_validate_csr()
+	 * uses (mbedtls_x509_csr *) to obtain CSR_ATTR_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD
+	 * so allocate different object (mbedtls_x509_csr *) and special-case
+	 * object when used in crypto_csr_get_attribute() and when free()d in
+	 * crypto_csr_deinit(). */
+
+	mbedtls_x509_csr *csr = os_malloc(sizeof(*csr));
+	if (csr == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	mbedtls_x509_csr_init(csr);
+	const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info;
+	unsigned char digest[MBEDTLS_MD_MAX_SIZE];
+	if (mbedtls_x509_csr_parse_der(csr,wpabuf_head(req),wpabuf_len(req))==0
+	    && (md_info=mbedtls_md_info_from_type(csr->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(sig_md)))
+	       != NULL
+	    && mbedtls_md(md_info, csr->cri.p, csr->cri.len, digest) == 0) {
+		switch (mbedtls_pk_verify(&csr->pk,csr->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(sig_md),
+		                          digest, mbedtls_md_get_size(md_info),
+		                          csr->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(sig).p,
+		                          csr->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(sig).len)) {
+		case 0:
+		/*case MBEDTLS_ERR_ECP_SIG_LEN_MISMATCH:*//* XXX: allow? */
+			return (struct crypto_csr *)((uintptr_t)csr | 1uL);
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_x509_csr_free(csr);
+	os_free(csr);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void crypto_csr_deinit(struct crypto_csr *csr)
+{
+	if ((uintptr_t)csr & 1uL) {
+		csr = (struct crypto_csr *)((uintptr_t)csr & ~1uL);
+		mbedtls_x509_csr_free((mbedtls_x509_csr *)csr);
+	}
+	else
+		mbedtls_x509write_csr_free((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr);
+	os_free(csr);
+}
+
+int crypto_csr_set_ec_public_key(struct crypto_csr *csr,
+				 struct crypto_ec_key *key)
+{
+	mbedtls_x509write_csr_set_key((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr,
+	                              (mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int crypto_csr_set_name(struct crypto_csr *csr, enum crypto_csr_name type,
+			const char *name)
+{
+	/* specialized for src/common/dpp_crypto.c */
+
+	/* sole caller src/common/dpp_crypto.c:dpp_build_csr()
+	 * calls this function only once, using type == CSR_NAME_CN
+	 * (If called more than once, this code would need to append
+	 *  components to the subject name, which we could do by
+	 *  appending to (mbedtls_x509write_csr *) private member
+	 *  mbedtls_asn1_named_data *MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(subject)) */
+
+	const char *label;
+	switch (type) {
+	case CSR_NAME_CN: label = "CN="; break;
+	case CSR_NAME_SN: label = "SN="; break;
+	case CSR_NAME_C:  label = "C=";  break;
+	case CSR_NAME_O:  label = "O=";  break;
+	case CSR_NAME_OU: label = "OU="; break;
+	default: return -1;
+	}
+
+	size_t len = strlen(name);
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(3+len+1);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	wpabuf_put_data(buf, label, strlen(label));
+	wpabuf_put_data(buf, name, len+1); /*(include trailing '\0')*/
+	/* Note: 'name' provided is set as given and should be backslash-escaped
+	 * by caller when necessary, e.g. literal ',' which are not separating
+	 * components should be backslash-escaped */
+
+	int ret =
+	  mbedtls_x509write_csr_set_subject_name((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr,
+	                                         wpabuf_head(buf)) ? -1 : 0;
+	wpabuf_free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* OBJ_pkcs9_challengePassword  1 2 840 113549 1 9 7 */
+static const char OBJ_pkcs9_challengePassword[] = MBEDTLS_OID_PKCS9 "\x07";
+
+int crypto_csr_set_attribute(struct crypto_csr *csr, enum crypto_csr_attr attr,
+			     int attr_type, const u8 *value, size_t len)
+{
+	/* specialized for src/common/dpp_crypto.c */
+	/* sole caller src/common/dpp_crypto.c:dpp_build_csr() passes
+	 *   attr      == CSR_ATTR_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD
+	 *   attr_type == ASN1_TAG_UTF8STRING */
+
+	const char *oid;
+	size_t oid_len;
+	switch (attr) {
+	case CSR_ATTR_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD:
+		oid = OBJ_pkcs9_challengePassword;
+		oid_len = sizeof(OBJ_pkcs9_challengePassword)-1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+  #if 0 /*(incorrect; sets an extension, not an attribute)*/
+	return mbedtls_x509write_csr_set_extension((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr,
+	                                           oid, oid_len,
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	                                           0, /*(critical flag)*/
+	  #endif
+	                                           value, len) ? -1 : 0;
+  #else
+	(void)oid;
+	(void)oid_len;
+  #endif
+
+	/* mbedtls does not currently provide way to set an attribute in a CSR:
+	 *   https://github.com/Mbed-TLS/mbedtls/issues/4886 */
+	wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR,
+	  "mbedtls does not currently support setting challengePassword "
+	  "attribute in CSR");
+	return -1;
+}
+
+const u8 * mbedtls_x509_csr_attr_oid_value(mbedtls_x509_csr *csr,
+                                           const char *oid, size_t oid_len,
+                                           size_t *vlen, int *vtype)
+{
+	/* Note: mbedtls_x509_csr_parse_der() has parsed and validated CSR,
+	 *	   so validation checks are not repeated here
+	 *
+	 * It would be nicer if (mbedtls_x509_csr *) had an mbedtls_x509_buf of
+	 * Attributes (or at least a pointer) since mbedtls_x509_csr_parse_der()
+	 * already parsed the rest of CertificationRequestInfo, some of which is
+	 * repeated here to step to Attributes.  Since csr->subject_raw.p points
+	 * into csr->cri.p, which points into csr->raw.p, step over version and
+	 * subject of CertificationRequestInfo (SEQUENCE) */
+	unsigned char *p = csr->subject_raw.p + csr->subject_raw.len;
+	unsigned char *end = csr->cri.p + csr->cri.len, *ext;
+	size_t len;
+
+	/* step over SubjectPublicKeyInfo */
+	mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len,
+	    MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE);
+	p += len;
+
+	/* Attributes
+	 *   { ATTRIBUTE:IOSet } ::= SET OF { SEQUENCE { OID, value } }
+	 */
+	if (mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len,
+	      MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC) != 0) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while (p < end) {
+		if (mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&p, end, &len,
+		      MBEDTLS_ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | MBEDTLS_ASN1_SEQUENCE) != 0) {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		ext = p;
+		p += len;
+
+		if (mbedtls_asn1_get_tag(&ext,end,&len,MBEDTLS_ASN1_OID) != 0)
+			return NULL;
+		if (oid_len != len || 0 != memcmp(ext, oid, oid_len))
+			continue;
+
+		/* found oid; return value */
+		*vtype = *ext++; /* tag */
+		return (mbedtls_asn1_get_len(&ext,end,vlen) == 0) ? ext : NULL;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+const u8 * crypto_csr_get_attribute(struct crypto_csr *csr,
+				    enum crypto_csr_attr attr,
+				    size_t *len, int *type)
+{
+	/* specialized for src/common/dpp_crypto.c */
+	/* sole caller src/common/dpp_crypto.c:dpp_build_csr() passes
+	 *   attr == CSR_ATTR_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD */
+
+	const char *oid;
+	size_t oid_len;
+	switch (attr) {
+	case CSR_ATTR_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD:
+		oid = OBJ_pkcs9_challengePassword;
+		oid_len = sizeof(OBJ_pkcs9_challengePassword)-1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* see crypto_csr_verify(); expecting (mbedtls_x509_csr *) tagged |=1 */
+	if (!((uintptr_t)csr & 1uL))
+		return NULL;
+	csr = (struct crypto_csr *)((uintptr_t)csr & ~1uL);
+
+	return mbedtls_x509_csr_attr_oid_value((mbedtls_x509_csr *)csr,
+	                                       oid, oid_len, len, type);
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_csr_sign(struct crypto_csr *csr,
+				struct crypto_ec_key *key,
+				enum crypto_hash_alg algo)
+{
+	mbedtls_md_type_t sig_md;
+	switch (algo) {
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA256: sig_md = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256; break;
+  #endif
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA512_C
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA384: sig_md = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384; break;
+	case CRYPTO_HASH_ALG_SHA512: sig_md = MBEDTLS_MD_SHA512; break;
+  #endif
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	mbedtls_x509write_csr_set_md_alg((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr, sig_md);
+
+  #if 0
+	unsigned char key_usage = MBEDTLS_X509_KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE
+	                        | MBEDTLS_X509_KU_KEY_CERT_SIGN;
+	if (mbedtls_x509write_csr_set_key_usage((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr,
+	                                        key_usage))
+		return NULL;
+  #endif
+
+  #if 0
+	unsigned char ns_cert_type = MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_SSL_CLIENT
+	                           | MBEDTLS_X509_NS_CERT_TYPE_EMAIL;
+	if (mbedtls_x509write_csr_set_ns_cert_type((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr,
+	                                           ns_cert_type))
+		return NULL;
+  #endif
+
+  #if 0
+	/* mbedtls does not currently provide way to set an attribute in a CSR:
+	 *   https://github.com/Mbed-TLS/mbedtls/issues/4886
+	 * XXX: hwsim dpp_enterprise test fails due to this limitation.
+	 *
+	 * Current usage of this function is solely by dpp_build_csr(),
+	 * so as a kludge, might consider custom (struct crypto_csr *)
+	 * containing (mbedtls_x509write_csr *) and a list of attributes
+	 * (i.e. challengePassword).  Might have to totally reimplement
+	 * mbedtls_x509write_csr_der(); underlying x509write_csr_der_internal()
+	 * handles signing the CSR.  (This is more work that appending an
+	 * Attributes section to end of CSR and adjusting ASN.1 length of CSR.)
+	 */
+  #endif
+
+	unsigned char buf[4096]; /* XXX: large enough?  too large? */
+	int len = mbedtls_x509write_csr_der((mbedtls_x509write_csr *)csr,
+	                                    buf, sizeof(buf),
+	                                    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                                    crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg());
+	if (len < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	/*  Note: data is written at the end of the buffer! Use the
+	 *        return value to determine where you should start
+	 *        using the buffer */
+	return wpabuf_alloc_copy(buf+sizeof(buf)-len, (size_t)len);
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_CSR */
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_PKCS7
+
+#if 0
+#include <mbedtls/pkcs7.h> /* PKCS7 is not currently supported in mbedtls */
+#include <mbedtls/pem.h>
+#endif
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_pkcs7_get_certificates(const struct wpabuf *pkcs7)
+{
+	/* PKCS7 is not currently supported in mbedtls */
+	return NULL;
+
+#if 0
+	/* https://github.com/naynajain/mbedtls-1 branch: development-pkcs7
+	 * (??? potential future contribution to mbedtls ???) */
+
+	/* Note: PKCS7 signature *is not* verified by this function.
+	 * The function interface does not provide for passing a certificate */
+
+	mbedtls_pkcs7 mpkcs7;
+	mbedtls_pkcs7_init(&mpkcs7);
+	int pkcs7_type = mbedtls_pkcs7_parse_der(wpabuf_head(pkcs7),
+	                                         wpabuf_len(pkcs7),
+	                                         &mpkcs7);
+	wpabuf *buf = NULL;
+	do {
+		if (pkcs7_type < 0)
+			break;
+
+		/* src/common/dpp.c:dpp_parse_cred_dot1x() interested in certs
+		 * for wpa_supplicant/dpp_supplicant.c:wpas_dpp_add_network()
+		 * (? are adding certificate headers and footers desired ?) */
+
+		/* development-pkcs7 branch does not currently provide
+		 * additional interfaces to retrieve the parsed data */
+
+		mbedtls_x509_crt *certs =
+		  &mpkcs7.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(signed_data).MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(certs);
+		int ncerts =
+		  mpkcs7.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(signed_data).MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(no_of_certs);
+
+		/* allocate buffer for PEM (base64-encoded DER)
+		 * plus header, footer, newlines, and some extra */
+		buf = wpabuf_alloc((wpabuf_len(pkcs7)+2)/3*4 + ncerts*64);
+		if (buf == NULL)
+			break;
+
+		#define PEM_BEGIN_CRT "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+		#define PEM_END_CRT   "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+		size_t olen;
+		for (int i = 0; i < ncerts; ++i) {
+			int ret = mbedtls_pem_write_buffer(
+			            PEM_BEGIN_CRT, PEM_END_CRT,
+			            certs[i].raw.p, certs[i].raw.len,
+			            wpabuf_mhead(buf, 0), wpabuf_tailroom(buf),
+			            &olen));
+			if (ret == 0)
+				wpabuf_put(buf, olen);
+			} else {
+				if (ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_BASE64_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
+					ret = wpabuf_resize(
+					        &buf,olen-wpabuf_tailroom(buf));
+				if (ret == 0) {
+					--i;/*(adjust loop iterator for retry)*/
+					continue;
+				}
+				wpabuf_free(buf);
+				buf = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	} while (0);
+
+	mbedtls_pkcs7_free(&mpkcs7);
+	return buf;
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_PKCS7 */
+
+
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_ARC4_C
+#include <mbedtls/arc4.h>
+int rc4_skip(const u8 *key, size_t keylen, size_t skip,
+	     u8 *data, size_t data_len)
+{
+	mbedtls_arc4_context ctx;
+	mbedtls_arc4_init(&ctx);
+	mbedtls_arc4_setup(&ctx, key, keylen);
+
+	if (skip) {
+		/*(prefer [16] on ancient hardware with smaller cache lines)*/
+		unsigned char skip_buf[64]; /*('skip' is generally small)*/
+		/*os_memset(skip_buf, 0, sizeof(skip_buf));*/ /*(necessary?)*/
+		size_t len;
+		do {
+			len = skip > sizeof(skip_buf) ? sizeof(skip_buf) : skip;
+			mbedtls_arc4_crypt(&ctx, len, skip_buf, skip_buf);
+		} while ((skip -= len));
+	}
+
+	int ret = mbedtls_arc4_crypt(&ctx, data_len, data, data);
+	mbedtls_arc4_free(&ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/* duplicated in tls_mbedtls.c:tls_mbedtls_readfile()*/
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int crypto_mbedtls_readfile(const char *path, u8 **buf, size_t *n)
+{
+  #if 0 /* #ifdef MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
+	/*(includes +1 for '\0' needed by mbedtls PEM parsing funcs)*/
+	if (mbedtls_pk_load_file(path, (unsigned char **)buf, n) != 0) {
+		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "error: mbedtls_pk_load_file %s", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+  #else
+	/*(use os_readfile() so that we can use os_free()
+	 *(if we use mbedtls_pk_load_file() above, macros prevent calling free()
+	 * directly #if defined(OS_REJECT_C_LIB_FUNCTIONS) and calling os_free()
+	 * on buf aborts in tests if buf not allocated via os_malloc())*/
+	*buf = (u8 *)os_readfile(path, n);
+	if (!*buf) {
+		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "error: os_readfile %s", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	u8 *buf0 = os_realloc(*buf, *n+1);
+	if (!buf0) {
+		bin_clear_free(*buf, *n);
+		*buf = NULL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	buf0[(*n)++] = '\0';
+	*buf = buf0;
+  #endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_RSA
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_RSA_C
+
+#include <mbedtls/pk.h>
+#include <mbedtls/rsa.h>
+
+struct crypto_rsa_key * crypto_rsa_key_read(const char *file, bool private_key)
+{
+	/* mbedtls_pk_parse_keyfile() and mbedtls_pk_parse_public_keyfile()
+	 * require #ifdef MBEDTLS_FS_IO in mbedtls library.  Prefer to use
+	 * crypto_mbedtls_readfile(), which wraps os_readfile() */
+	u8 *data;
+	size_t len;
+	if (crypto_mbedtls_readfile(file, &data, &len) != 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_pk_context *ctx = os_malloc(sizeof(*ctx));
+	if (ctx == NULL) {
+		bin_clear_free(data, len);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	mbedtls_pk_init(ctx);
+
+	int rc;
+	rc = (private_key
+	      ? mbedtls_pk_parse_key(ctx, data, len, NULL, 0
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	                            ,mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                             crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg()
+	  #endif
+	                            )
+	      : mbedtls_pk_parse_public_key(ctx, data, len)) == 0
+	    && mbedtls_pk_can_do(ctx, MBEDTLS_PK_RSA);
+
+	bin_clear_free(data, len);
+
+	if (rc) {
+		/* use MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21 padding for RSAES-OAEP */
+		/* use MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256 for these hostap interfaces */
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+		/*(no return value in mbedtls 2.x)*/
+		mbedtls_rsa_set_padding(mbedtls_pk_rsa(*ctx),
+		                        MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21,
+		                        MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256);
+	  #else
+		if (mbedtls_rsa_set_padding(mbedtls_pk_rsa(*ctx),
+		                            MBEDTLS_RSA_PKCS_V21,
+		                            MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256) == 0)
+	  #endif
+			return (struct crypto_rsa_key *)ctx;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_pk_free(ctx);
+	os_free(ctx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_rsa_oaep_sha256_encrypt(struct crypto_rsa_key *key,
+					       const struct wpabuf *in)
+{
+	mbedtls_rsa_context *pk_rsa = mbedtls_pk_rsa(*(mbedtls_pk_context*)key);
+	size_t olen = mbedtls_rsa_get_len(pk_rsa);
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(olen);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* mbedtls_pk_encrypt() takes a few more hops to get to same func */
+	if (mbedtls_rsa_rsaes_oaep_encrypt(pk_rsa,
+	                                   mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                                   crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg(),
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	                                   MBEDTLS_RSA_PRIVATE,
+	  #endif
+	                                   NULL, 0,
+	                                   wpabuf_len(in), wpabuf_head(in),
+	                                   wpabuf_put(buf, olen)) == 0) {
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_clear_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * crypto_rsa_oaep_sha256_decrypt(struct crypto_rsa_key *key,
+					       const struct wpabuf *in)
+{
+	mbedtls_rsa_context *pk_rsa = mbedtls_pk_rsa(*(mbedtls_pk_context*)key);
+	size_t olen = mbedtls_rsa_get_len(pk_rsa);
+	struct wpabuf *buf = wpabuf_alloc(olen);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* mbedtls_pk_decrypt() takes a few more hops to get to same func */
+	if (mbedtls_rsa_rsaes_oaep_decrypt(pk_rsa,
+	                                   mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                                   crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg(),
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	                                   MBEDTLS_RSA_PUBLIC,
+	  #endif
+	                                   NULL, 0, &olen, wpabuf_head(in),
+	                                   wpabuf_mhead(buf), olen) == 0) {
+		wpabuf_put(buf, olen);
+		return buf;
+	}
+
+	wpabuf_clear_free(buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void crypto_rsa_key_free(struct crypto_rsa_key *key)
+{
+	mbedtls_pk_free((mbedtls_pk_context *)key);
+	os_free(key);
+}
+
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_RSA_C */
+#endif /* CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_RSA */
+
+#ifdef CRYPTO_MBEDTLS_CRYPTO_HPKE
+
+struct wpabuf * hpke_base_seal(enum hpke_kem_id kem_id,
+			       enum hpke_kdf_id kdf_id,
+			       enum hpke_aead_id aead_id,
+			       struct crypto_ec_key *peer_pub,
+			       const u8 *info, size_t info_len,
+			       const u8 *aad, size_t aad_len,
+			       const u8 *pt, size_t pt_len)
+{
+	/* not yet implemented */
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct wpabuf * hpke_base_open(enum hpke_kem_id kem_id,
+			       enum hpke_kdf_id kdf_id,
+			       enum hpke_aead_id aead_id,
+			       struct crypto_ec_key *own_priv,
+			       const u8 *info, size_t info_len,
+			       const u8 *aad, size_t aad_len,
+			       const u8 *enc_ct, size_t enc_ct_len)
+{
+	/* not yet implemented */
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/crypto/tls_mbedtls.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3313 @@
+/*
+ * SSL/TLS interface functions for mbed TLS
+ *
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Glenn Strauss <gstrauss@gluelogic.com>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+ *
+ * This software may be distributed under the terms of the BSD license.
+ * See README for more details.
+ *
+ * template:  src/crypto/tls_none.c
+ * reference: src/crypto/tls_*.c
+ *
+ * Known Limitations:
+ * - no TLSv1.3 (not available in mbedtls 2.x; experimental in mbedtls 3.x)
+ * - no OCSP (not yet available in mbedtls)
+ * - mbedtls does not support all certificate encodings used by hwsim tests
+ *   PCKS#5 v1.5
+ *   PCKS#12
+ *   DH DSA
+ * - EAP-FAST, EAP-TEAP session ticket support not implemented in tls_mbedtls.c
+ * - mbedtls does not currently provide way to set an attribute in a CSR
+ *     https://github.com/Mbed-TLS/mbedtls/issues/4886
+ *   so tests/hwsim dpp_enterprise tests fail
+ * - DPP2 not supported
+ *   PKCS#7 parsing is not supported in mbedtls
+ *   See crypto_mbedtls.c:crypto_pkcs7_get_certificates() comments
+ * - DPP3 not supported
+ *   hpke_base_seal() and hpke_base_seal() not implemented in crypto_mbedtls.c
+ *
+ * Status:
+ * - code written to be compatible with mbedtls 2.x and mbedtls 3.x
+ *   (currently requires mbedtls >= 2.27.0 for mbedtls_mpi_random())
+ *   (currently requires mbedtls >= 2.18.0 for mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf())
+ * - builds with tests/build/build-wpa_supplicant-mbedtls.config
+ * - passes all tests/ crypto module tests (incomplete coverage)
+ *   ($ cd tests; make clean; make -j 4 run-tests CONFIG_TLS=mbedtls)
+ * - passes almost all tests/hwsim tests
+ *   (hwsim tests skipped for missing features)
+ *
+ * RFE:
+ * - EAP-FAST, EAP-TEAP session ticket support not implemented in tls_mbedtls.c
+ * - client/server session resumption, and/or save client session ticket
+ */
+
+#include "includes.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <mbedtls/version.h>
+#include <mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h>
+#include <mbedtls/error.h>
+#include <mbedtls/oid.h>
+#include <mbedtls/pem.h>
+#include <mbedtls/platform.h> /* mbedtls_calloc() mbedtls_free() */
+#include <mbedtls/platform_util.h> /* mbedtls_platform_zeroize() */
+#include <mbedtls/ssl.h>
+#include <mbedtls/ssl_ticket.h>
+#include <mbedtls/x509.h>
+#include <mbedtls/x509_crt.h>
+
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02040000 /* mbedtls 2.4.0 */
+#include <mbedtls/net_sockets.h>
+#else
+#include <mbedtls/net.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_PRIVATE
+#define MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(x) x
+#endif
+
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+#define mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite_id_from_ssl(ssl) \
+        ((ssl)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(session) \
+        ?(ssl)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(session)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ciphersuite) \
+        : 0)
+#define mbedtls_ssl_ciphersuite_get_name(info) \
+        (info)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(name)
+#endif
+
+#include "crypto.h"     /* sha256_vector() */
+#include "tls.h"
+
+#ifndef SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH
+#define SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH 32
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_FIXED_SECRET_LEN
+#define MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_FIXED_SECRET_LEN 48
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN
+#define MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN 32
+#endif
+
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+static mbedtls_ssl_export_keys_t tls_connection_export_keys_cb;
+#elif MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+static mbedtls_ssl_export_keys_ext_t tls_connection_export_keys_cb;
+#else /*(not implemented; return error)*/
+#define mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h) (-1)
+typedef mbedtls_tls_prf_types int;
+#endif
+
+
+/* hostapd/wpa_supplicant provides forced_memzero(),
+ * but prefer mbedtls_platform_zeroize() */
+#define forced_memzero(ptr,sz) mbedtls_platform_zeroize(ptr,sz)
+
+
+#if defined(EAP_FAST) || defined(EAP_FAST_DYNAMIC) || defined(EAP_SERVER_FAST) \
+ || defined(EAP_TEAP) || defined(EAP_SERVER_TEAP)
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_SESSION_TICKETS
+#ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_TICKET_C
+#define TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+#if defined(EAP_TEAP) || defined(EAP_SERVER_TEAP)
+#define TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_TEAP
+#endif
+#if !defined(CONFIG_FIPS) /* EAP-FAST keys cannot be exported in FIPS mode */
+#if defined(EAP_FAST) || defined(EAP_FAST_DYNAMIC) || defined(EAP_SERVER_FAST)
+#define TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_FAST
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+struct tls_conf {
+	mbedtls_ssl_config conf;
+
+	unsigned int verify_peer:1;
+	unsigned int verify_depth0_only:1;
+	unsigned int check_crl:2;           /*(needs :2 bits for 0, 1, 2)*/
+	unsigned int check_crl_strict:1;    /*(needs :1 bit  for 0, 1)*/
+	unsigned int ca_cert_probe:1;
+	unsigned int has_ca_cert:1;
+	unsigned int has_client_cert:1;
+	unsigned int has_private_key:1;
+	unsigned int suiteb128:1;
+	unsigned int suiteb192:1;
+	mbedtls_x509_crl *crl;
+	mbedtls_x509_crt ca_cert;
+	mbedtls_x509_crt client_cert;
+	mbedtls_pk_context private_key;
+
+	uint32_t refcnt;
+
+	unsigned int flags;
+	char *subject_match;
+	char *altsubject_match;
+	char *suffix_match;
+	char *domain_match;
+	char *check_cert_subject;
+	u8 ca_cert_hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
+
+	int *ciphersuites;  /* list of ciphersuite ids for mbedtls_ssl_config */
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03010000 /* mbedtls 3.1.0 */
+	mbedtls_ecp_group_id *curves;
+#else
+	uint16_t *curves;   /* list of curve ids for mbedtls_ssl_config */
+#endif
+};
+
+
+struct tls_global {
+	struct tls_conf *tls_conf;
+	char *ocsp_stapling_response;
+	mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context *ctr_drbg; /*(see crypto_mbedtls.c)*/
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_SESSION_TICKETS
+	mbedtls_ssl_ticket_context ticket_ctx;
+  #endif
+	char *ca_cert_file;
+	struct os_reltime crl_reload_previous;
+	unsigned int crl_reload_interval;
+	uint32_t refcnt;
+	struct tls_config init_conf;
+};
+
+static struct tls_global tls_ctx_global;
+
+
+struct tls_connection {
+	struct tls_conf *tls_conf;
+	struct wpabuf *push_buf;
+	struct wpabuf *pull_buf;
+	size_t pull_buf_offset;
+
+	unsigned int established:1;
+	unsigned int resumed:1;
+	unsigned int verify_peer:1;
+	unsigned int is_server:1;
+
+	mbedtls_ssl_context ssl;
+
+	mbedtls_tls_prf_types tls_prf_type;
+	size_t expkey_keyblock_size;
+	size_t expkey_secret_len;
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	unsigned char expkey_secret[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_FIXED_SECRET_LEN];
+  #else
+	unsigned char expkey_secret[MBEDTLS_MD_MAX_SIZE];
+  #endif
+	unsigned char expkey_randbytes[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN*2];
+
+	int read_alerts, write_alerts, failed;
+
+  #ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+	tls_session_ticket_cb session_ticket_cb;
+	void *session_ticket_cb_ctx;
+	unsigned char *clienthello_session_ticket;
+	size_t clienthello_session_ticket_len;
+  #endif
+	char *peer_subject; /* peer subject info for authenticated peer */
+	struct wpabuf *success_data;
+};
+
+
+#ifndef __has_attribute
+#define __has_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __GNUC_PREREQ
+#define __GNUC_PREREQ(maj,min) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __attribute_cold__
+#if __has_attribute(cold) \
+ || __GNUC_PREREQ(4,3)
+#define __attribute_cold__  __attribute__((__cold__))
+#else
+#define __attribute_cold__
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __attribute_noinline__
+#if __has_attribute(noinline) \
+ || __GNUC_PREREQ(3,1)
+#define __attribute_noinline__  __attribute__((__noinline__))
+#else
+#define __attribute_noinline__
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+__attribute_noinline__
+static void emsg(int level, const char * const msg)
+{
+	wpa_printf(level, "MTLS: %s", msg);
+}
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+__attribute_noinline__
+static void emsgrc(int level, const char * const msg, int rc)
+{
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_ERROR_C
+	/* error logging convenience function that decodes mbedtls result codes */
+	char buf[256];
+	mbedtls_strerror(rc, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	wpa_printf(level, "MTLS: %s: %s (-0x%04x)", msg, buf, -rc);
+  #else
+	wpa_printf(level, "MTLS: %s: (-0x%04x)", msg, -rc);
+  #endif
+}
+
+
+#define elog(rc, msg) emsgrc(MSG_ERROR, (msg), (rc))
+#define ilog(rc, msg) emsgrc(MSG_INFO,  (msg), (rc))
+
+
+struct tls_conf * tls_conf_init(void *tls_ctx)
+{
+	struct tls_conf *tls_conf = os_zalloc(sizeof(*tls_conf));
+	if (tls_conf == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	tls_conf->refcnt = 1;
+
+	mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&tls_conf->conf);
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&tls_conf->conf,
+			     mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, tls_ctx_global.ctr_drbg);
+	mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&tls_conf->ca_cert);
+	mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&tls_conf->client_cert);
+	mbedtls_pk_init(&tls_conf->private_key);
+
+	return tls_conf;
+}
+
+
+void tls_conf_deinit(struct tls_conf *tls_conf)
+{
+	if (tls_conf == NULL || --tls_conf->refcnt != 0)
+		return;
+
+	mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&tls_conf->ca_cert);
+	mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&tls_conf->client_cert);
+	if (tls_conf->crl) {
+		mbedtls_x509_crl_free(tls_conf->crl);
+		os_free(tls_conf->crl);
+	}
+	mbedtls_pk_free(&tls_conf->private_key);
+	mbedtls_ssl_config_free(&tls_conf->conf);
+	os_free(tls_conf->curves);
+	os_free(tls_conf->ciphersuites);
+	os_free(tls_conf->subject_match);
+	os_free(tls_conf->altsubject_match);
+	os_free(tls_conf->suffix_match);
+	os_free(tls_conf->domain_match);
+	os_free(tls_conf->check_cert_subject);
+	os_free(tls_conf);
+}
+
+
+mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context * crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg(void); /*(not in header)*/
+
+__attribute_cold__
+void * tls_init(const struct tls_config *conf)
+{
+	/* RFE: review struct tls_config *conf (different from tls_conf) */
+
+	if (++tls_ctx_global.refcnt > 1)
+		return &tls_ctx_global;
+
+	tls_ctx_global.ctr_drbg = crypto_mbedtls_ctr_drbg();
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_SESSION_TICKETS
+	mbedtls_ssl_ticket_init(&tls_ctx_global.ticket_ctx);
+	mbedtls_ssl_ticket_setup(&tls_ctx_global.ticket_ctx,
+	                         mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+	                         tls_ctx_global.ctr_drbg,
+	                         MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_256_GCM,
+	                         43200); /* ticket timeout: 12 hours */
+  #endif
+	/* copy struct for future use */
+	tls_ctx_global.init_conf = *conf;
+	if (conf->openssl_ciphers)
+		tls_ctx_global.init_conf.openssl_ciphers =
+		  os_strdup(conf->openssl_ciphers);
+
+	tls_ctx_global.crl_reload_interval = conf->crl_reload_interval;
+	os_get_reltime(&tls_ctx_global.crl_reload_previous);
+
+	return &tls_ctx_global;
+}
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+void tls_deinit(void *tls_ctx)
+{
+	if (tls_ctx == NULL || --tls_ctx_global.refcnt != 0)
+		return;
+
+	tls_conf_deinit(tls_ctx_global.tls_conf);
+	os_free(tls_ctx_global.ca_cert_file);
+	os_free(tls_ctx_global.ocsp_stapling_response);
+	char *openssl_ciphers; /*(allocated in tls_init())*/
+	*(const char **)&openssl_ciphers =
+	  tls_ctx_global.init_conf.openssl_ciphers;
+	os_free(openssl_ciphers);
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_SESSION_TICKETS
+	mbedtls_ssl_ticket_free(&tls_ctx_global.ticket_ctx);
+  #endif
+	os_memset(&tls_ctx_global, 0, sizeof(tls_ctx_global));
+}
+
+
+int tls_get_errors(void *tls_ctx)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void tls_connection_deinit_expkey(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	conn->tls_prf_type = 0; /* MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_PRF_NONE; */
+	conn->expkey_keyblock_size = 0;
+	conn->expkey_secret_len = 0;
+	forced_memzero(conn->expkey_secret, sizeof(conn->expkey_secret));
+	forced_memzero(conn->expkey_randbytes, sizeof(conn->expkey_randbytes));
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+void tls_connection_deinit_clienthello_session_ticket(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	if (conn->clienthello_session_ticket) {
+		mbedtls_platform_zeroize(conn->clienthello_session_ticket,
+		                         conn->clienthello_session_ticket_len);
+		mbedtls_free(conn->clienthello_session_ticket);
+		conn->clienthello_session_ticket = NULL;
+		conn->clienthello_session_ticket_len = 0;
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+void tls_connection_deinit(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return;
+
+  #if 0 /*(good intention, but never sent since we destroy self below)*/
+	if (conn->established)
+		mbedtls_ssl_close_notify(&conn->ssl);
+  #endif
+
+	if (conn->tls_prf_type)
+		tls_connection_deinit_expkey(conn);
+
+  #ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+	if (conn->clienthello_session_ticket)
+		tls_connection_deinit_clienthello_session_ticket(conn);
+  #endif
+
+	os_free(conn->peer_subject);
+	wpabuf_free(conn->success_data);
+	wpabuf_free(conn->push_buf);
+	wpabuf_free(conn->pull_buf);
+	mbedtls_ssl_free(&conn->ssl);
+	tls_conf_deinit(conn->tls_conf);
+	os_free(conn);
+}
+
+
+static void tls_mbedtls_refresh_crl(void);
+static int tls_mbedtls_ssl_setup(struct tls_connection *conn);
+
+struct tls_connection * tls_connection_init(void *tls_ctx)
+{
+	struct tls_connection *conn = os_zalloc(sizeof(*conn));
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	mbedtls_ssl_init(&conn->ssl);
+
+	conn->tls_conf = tls_ctx_global.tls_conf; /*(inherit global conf, if set)*/
+	if (conn->tls_conf) {
+		++conn->tls_conf->refcnt;
+		/* check for CRL refresh if inheriting from global config */
+		tls_mbedtls_refresh_crl();
+
+		conn->verify_peer = conn->tls_conf->verify_peer;
+		if (tls_mbedtls_ssl_setup(conn) != 0) {
+			tls_connection_deinit(&tls_ctx_global, conn);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return conn;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_established(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	return conn ? conn->established : 0;
+}
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+char * tls_mbedtls_peer_serial_num(const mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, char *serial_num, size_t len)
+{
+	/* mbedtls_x509_serial_gets() inefficiently formats to hex separated by
+	 * colons, so generate the hex serial number here.  The func
+	 * wpa_snprintf_hex_uppercase() is similarly inefficient. */
+	size_t i = 0; /* skip leading 0's per Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) */
+	while (i < crt->serial.len && crt->serial.p[i] == 0) ++i;
+	if (i == crt->serial.len) --i;
+
+	const unsigned char *s = crt->serial.p + i;
+	const size_t e = (crt->serial.len - i) * 2;
+	if (e >= len)
+		return NULL;
+  #if 0
+	wpa_snprintf_hex_uppercase(serial_num, len, s, crt->serial.len-i);
+  #else
+	for (i = 0; i < e; i+=2, ++s) {
+		serial_num[i+0] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[(*s >>  4)];
+		serial_num[i+1] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[(*s & 0xF)];
+	}
+	serial_num[e] = '\0';
+  #endif
+	return serial_num;
+}
+
+
+char * tls_connection_peer_serial_num(void *tls_ctx,
+				      struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	const mbedtls_x509_crt *crt = mbedtls_ssl_get_peer_cert(&conn->ssl);
+	if (crt == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	size_t len = crt->serial.len * 2 + 1;
+	char *serial_num = os_malloc(len);
+	if (!serial_num)
+		return NULL;
+	return tls_mbedtls_peer_serial_num(crt, serial_num, len);
+}
+
+
+static void tls_pull_buf_reset(struct tls_connection *conn);
+
+int tls_connection_shutdown(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	/* Note: this function called from eap_peer_tls_reauth_init()
+	 * for session resumption, not for connection shutdown */
+
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	tls_pull_buf_reset(conn);
+	wpabuf_free(conn->push_buf);
+	conn->push_buf = NULL;
+	conn->established = 0;
+	conn->resumed = 0;
+	if (conn->tls_prf_type)
+		tls_connection_deinit_expkey(conn);
+
+	/* RFE: prepare for session resumption? (see doc in crypto/tls.h) */
+
+	return mbedtls_ssl_session_reset(&conn->ssl);
+}
+
+
+static int tls_wpabuf_resize_put_data(struct wpabuf **buf,
+                                      const unsigned char *data, size_t dlen)
+{
+	if (wpabuf_resize(buf, dlen) < 0)
+		return 0;
+	wpabuf_put_data(*buf, data, dlen);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_pull_buf_append(struct tls_connection *conn,
+                               const struct wpabuf *in_data)
+{
+	/*(interface does not lend itself to move semantics)*/
+	return tls_wpabuf_resize_put_data(&conn->pull_buf,
+	                                  wpabuf_head(in_data),
+	                                  wpabuf_len(in_data));
+}
+
+
+static void tls_pull_buf_reset(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	/*(future: might consider reusing conn->pull_buf)*/
+	wpabuf_free(conn->pull_buf);
+	conn->pull_buf = NULL;
+	conn->pull_buf_offset = 0;
+}
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+static void tls_pull_buf_discard(struct tls_connection *conn, const char *func)
+{
+	size_t discard = wpabuf_len(conn->pull_buf) - conn->pull_buf_offset;
+	if (discard)
+		wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG,
+			   "%s - %zu bytes remaining in pull_buf; discarding",
+			   func, discard);
+	tls_pull_buf_reset(conn);
+}
+
+
+static int tls_pull_func(void *ptr, unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct tls_connection *conn = (struct tls_connection *) ptr;
+	if (conn->pull_buf == NULL)
+		return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ;
+	const size_t dlen = wpabuf_len(conn->pull_buf) - conn->pull_buf_offset;
+	if (dlen == 0)
+		return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ;
+
+	if (len > dlen)
+		len = dlen;
+	os_memcpy(buf, wpabuf_head(conn->pull_buf)+conn->pull_buf_offset, len);
+
+	if (len == dlen) {
+		tls_pull_buf_reset(conn);
+		/*wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s - emptied pull_buf", __func__);*/
+	}
+	else {
+		conn->pull_buf_offset += len;
+		/*wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "%s - %zu bytes remaining in pull_buf",
+			   __func__, dlen - len);*/
+	}
+	return (int)len;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_push_func(void *ptr, const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	struct tls_connection *conn = (struct tls_connection *) ptr;
+	return tls_wpabuf_resize_put_data(&conn->push_buf, buf, len)
+	  ? (int)len
+	  : MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_ALLOC_FAILED;
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_verify_cb (void *arg, mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, int depth, uint32_t *flags);
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_ssl_setup(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+  #if 0
+	/* mbedtls_ssl_setup() must be called only once */
+	/* If this func might be called multiple times (e.g. via set_params),
+	 * then we should set a flag in conn that ssl was initialized */
+	if (conn->ssl_is_init) {
+		mbedtls_ssl_free(&conn->ssl);
+		mbedtls_ssl_init(&conn->ssl);
+	}
+  #endif
+
+	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&conn->ssl, &conn->tls_conf->conf);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		elog(ret, "mbedtls_ssl_setup");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&conn->ssl, conn, tls_push_func, tls_pull_func, NULL);
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	mbedtls_ssl_set_export_keys_cb(
+	    &conn->ssl, tls_connection_export_keys_cb, conn);
+  #elif MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_export_keys_ext_cb(
+	    &conn->tls_conf->conf, tls_connection_export_keys_cb, conn);
+  #endif
+	if (conn->verify_peer)
+		mbedtls_ssl_set_verify(&conn->ssl, tls_mbedtls_verify_cb, conn);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(const u8 *data)
+{
+    return (NULL != os_strstr((char *)data, "-----"));
+}
+
+
+static void tls_mbedtls_set_allowed_tls_vers(struct tls_conf *tls_conf,
+                                             mbedtls_ssl_config *conf)
+{
+  #if !defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3)
+	tls_conf->flags |= TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_3;
+  #endif
+
+	/* unconditionally require TLSv1.2+ for TLS_CONN_SUITEB */
+	if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB) {
+		tls_conf->flags |= TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_0;
+		tls_conf->flags |= TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_1;
+	}
+
+	const unsigned int flags = tls_conf->flags;
+
+	/* attempt to map flags to min and max TLS protocol version */
+
+	int min = (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_0)
+		? (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_1)
+		? (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_2)
+		? (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_3)
+		? 4
+		: 3
+		: 2
+		: 1
+		: 0;
+
+	int max = (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_3)
+		? (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_2)
+		? (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_1)
+		? (flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TLSv1_0)
+		? -1
+		: 0
+		: 1
+		: 2
+		: 3;
+
+	if ((flags & TLS_CONN_ENABLE_TLSv1_2) && min > 2) min = 2;
+	if ((flags & TLS_CONN_ENABLE_TLSv1_1) && min > 1) min = 1;
+	if ((flags & TLS_CONN_ENABLE_TLSv1_0) && min > 0) min = 0;
+	if (max < min) {
+		emsg(MSG_ERROR, "invalid tls_disable_tlsv* params; ignoring");
+		return;
+	}
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	/* mbed TLS 3.0.0 removes support for protocols < TLSv1.2 */
+	if (min < 2 || max < 2) {
+		emsg(MSG_ERROR, "invalid tls_disable_tlsv* params; ignoring");
+		if (min < 2) min = 2;
+		if (max < 2) max = 2;
+	}
+  #endif
+
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2 = 0x0303 *//*!< (D)TLS 1.2 */
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3 = 0x0304 *//*!< (D)TLS 1.3 */
+	min = (min == 2) ? MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2 : MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3;
+	max = (max == 2) ? MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2 : MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3;
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(conf, min);
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(conf, max);
+  #else
+   #ifndef MBEDTLS_SSL_MINOR_VERSION_4
+	if (min == 3) min = 2;
+	if (max == 3) max = 2;
+   #endif
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_MINOR_VERSION_0  0 *//*!< SSL v3.0 */
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_MINOR_VERSION_1  1 *//*!< TLS v1.0 */
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_MINOR_VERSION_2  2 *//*!< TLS v1.1 */
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_MINOR_VERSION_3  3 *//*!< TLS v1.2 */
+	/* MBEDTLS_SSL_MINOR_VERSION_4  4 *//*!< TLS v1.3 */
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_version(conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_MAJOR_VERSION_3, min+1);
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_version(conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_MAJOR_VERSION_3, max+1);
+  #endif
+}
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int tls_mbedtls_readfile(const char *path, u8 **buf, size_t *n);
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_set_dhparams(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, const char *dh_file)
+{
+    size_t len;
+    u8 *data;
+    if (tls_mbedtls_readfile(dh_file, &data, &len))
+        return 0;
+
+    /* parse only if DH parameters if in PEM format */
+    if (tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(data)
+        && NULL == os_strstr((char *)data, "-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----")) {
+        if (os_strstr((char *)data, "-----BEGIN DSA PARAMETERS-----"))
+            wpa_printf(MSG_WARNING, "DSA parameters not handled (%s)", dh_file);
+        else
+            wpa_printf(MSG_WARNING, "unexpected DH param content (%s)",dh_file);
+        forced_memzero(data, len);
+        os_free(data);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhm() expects "-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----" if PEM */
+    mbedtls_dhm_context dhm;
+    mbedtls_dhm_init(&dhm);
+    int rc = mbedtls_dhm_parse_dhm(&dhm, data, len);
+    if (0 == rc)
+        rc = mbedtls_ssl_conf_dh_param_ctx(&tls_conf->conf, &dhm);
+    if (0 != rc)
+        elog(rc, dh_file);
+    mbedtls_dhm_free(&dhm);
+
+    forced_memzero(data, len);
+    os_free(data);
+    return (0 == rc);
+}
+
+
+/* reference: lighttpd src/mod_mbedtls.c:mod_mbedtls_ssl_append_curve()
+ * (same author: gstrauss@gluelogic.com; same license: BSD-3-Clause) */
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03010000 /* mbedtls 3.1.0 */
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_append_curve (mbedtls_ecp_group_id *ids, int nids, int idsz, const mbedtls_ecp_group_id id)
+{
+    if (1 >= idsz - (nids + 1)) {
+        emsg(MSG_ERROR, "error: too many curves during list expand");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ids[++nids] = id;
+    return nids;
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_set_curves(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, const char *curvelist)
+{
+    mbedtls_ecp_group_id ids[512];
+    int nids = -1;
+    const int idsz = (int)(sizeof(ids)/sizeof(*ids)-1);
+    const mbedtls_ecp_curve_info * const curve_info = mbedtls_ecp_curve_list();
+
+    for (const char *e = curvelist-1; e; ) {
+        const char * const n = e+1;
+        e = os_strchr(n, ':');
+        size_t len = e ? (size_t)(e - n) : os_strlen(n);
+        mbedtls_ecp_group_id grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE;
+        switch (len) {
+          case 5:
+            if (0 == os_memcmp("P-521", n, 5))
+                grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1;
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("P-384", n, 5))
+                grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1;
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("P-256", n, 5))
+                grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1;
+            break;
+          case 6:
+            if (0 == os_memcmp("BP-521", n, 6))
+                grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1;
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("BP-384", n, 6))
+                grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1;
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("BP-256", n, 6))
+                grp_id = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1;
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        if (grp_id != MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE) {
+            nids = tls_mbedtls_append_curve(ids, nids, idsz, grp_id);
+            if (-1 == nids) return 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        /* similar to mbedtls_ecp_curve_info_from_name() */
+        const mbedtls_ecp_curve_info *info;
+        for (info = curve_info; info->grp_id != MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE; ++info) {
+            if (0 == os_strncmp(info->name, n, len) && info->name[len] == '\0')
+                break;
+        }
+        if (info->grp_id == MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE) {
+            wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "MTLS: unrecognized curve: %.*s",(int)len,n);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        nids = tls_mbedtls_append_curve(ids, nids, idsz, info->grp_id);
+        if (-1 == nids) return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* mod_openssl configures "prime256v1" if curve list not specified,
+     * but mbedtls provides a list of supported curves if not explicitly set */
+    if (-1 == nids) return 1; /* empty list; no-op */
+
+    ids[++nids] = MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_NONE; /* terminate list */
+    ++nids;
+
+    /* curves list must be persistent for lifetime of mbedtls_ssl_config */
+    tls_conf->curves = os_malloc(nids * sizeof(mbedtls_ecp_group_id));
+    if (tls_conf->curves == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    os_memcpy(tls_conf->curves, ids, nids * sizeof(mbedtls_ecp_group_id));
+
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_curves(&tls_conf->conf, tls_conf->curves);
+    return 1;
+}
+#else
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_append_curve (uint16_t *ids, int nids, int idsz, const uint16_t id)
+{
+    if (1 >= idsz - (nids + 1)) {
+        emsg(MSG_ERROR, "error: too many curves during list expand");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ids[++nids] = id;
+    return nids;
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_set_curves(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, const char *curvelist)
+{
+    /* TLS Supported Groups (renamed from "EC Named Curve Registry")
+     * https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-parameters/tls-parameters.xhtml#tls-parameters-8
+     */
+    uint16_t ids[512];
+    int nids = -1;
+    const int idsz = (int)(sizeof(ids)/sizeof(*ids)-1);
+    const mbedtls_ecp_curve_info * const curve_info = mbedtls_ecp_curve_list();
+
+    for (const char *e = curvelist-1; e; ) {
+        const char * const n = e+1;
+        e = os_strchr(n, ':');
+        size_t len = e ? (size_t)(e - n) : os_strlen(n);
+        uint16_t tls_id = 0;
+        switch (len) {
+          case 5:
+            if (0 == os_memcmp("P-521", n, 5))
+                tls_id = 25; /* mbedtls_ecp_group_id MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP521R1 */
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("P-384", n, 5))
+                tls_id = 24; /* mbedtls_ecp_group_id MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1 */
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("P-256", n, 5))
+                tls_id = 23; /* mbedtls_ecp_group_id MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1 */
+            break;
+          case 6:
+            if (0 == os_memcmp("BP-521", n, 6))
+                tls_id = 28; /* mbedtls_ecp_group_id MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP512R1 */
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("BP-384", n, 6))
+                tls_id = 27; /* mbedtls_ecp_group_id MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP384R1 */
+            else if (0 == os_memcmp("BP-256", n, 6))
+                tls_id = 26; /* mbedtls_ecp_group_id MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_BP256R1 */
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+        if (tls_id != 0) {
+            nids = tls_mbedtls_append_curve(ids, nids, idsz, tls_id);
+            if (-1 == nids) return 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        /* similar to mbedtls_ecp_curve_info_from_name() */
+        const mbedtls_ecp_curve_info *info;
+        for (info = curve_info; info->tls_id != 0; ++info) {
+            if (0 == os_strncmp(info->name, n, len) && info->name[len] == '\0')
+                break;
+        }
+        if (info->tls_id == 0) {
+            wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "MTLS: unrecognized curve: %.*s",(int)len,n);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        nids = tls_mbedtls_append_curve(ids, nids, idsz, info->tls_id);
+        if (-1 == nids) return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* mod_openssl configures "prime256v1" if curve list not specified,
+     * but mbedtls provides a list of supported curves if not explicitly set */
+    if (-1 == nids) return 1; /* empty list; no-op */
+
+    ids[++nids] = 0; /* terminate list */
+    ++nids;
+
+    /* curves list must be persistent for lifetime of mbedtls_ssl_config */
+    tls_conf->curves = os_malloc(nids * sizeof(uint16_t));
+    if (tls_conf->curves == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    os_memcpy(tls_conf->curves, ids, nids * sizeof(uint16_t));
+
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_groups(&tls_conf->conf, tls_conf->curves);
+    return 1;
+}
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03010000 */ /* mbedtls 3.1.0 */
+
+
+/* data copied from lighttpd src/mod_mbedtls.c (BSD-3-Clause) */
+static const int suite_AES_256_ephemeral[] = {
+    /* All AES-256 ephemeral suites */
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8
+};
+
+/* data copied from lighttpd src/mod_mbedtls.c (BSD-3-Clause) */
+static const int suite_AES_128_ephemeral[] = {
+    /* All AES-128 ephemeral suites */
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8
+};
+
+/* data copied from lighttpd src/mod_mbedtls.c (BSD-3-Clause) */
+/* HIGH cipher list (mapped from openssl list to mbedtls) */
+static const int suite_HIGH[] = {
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_PSK_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_PSK_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8,
+    MBEDTLS_TLS_PSK_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256
+};
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_append_ciphersuite (int *ids, int nids, int idsz, const int *x, int xsz)
+{
+    if (xsz >= idsz - (nids + 1)) {
+        emsg(MSG_ERROR, "error: too many ciphers during list expand");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < xsz; ++i)
+        ids[++nids] = x[i];
+
+    return nids;
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_translate_ciphername(int id, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+    const mbedtls_ssl_ciphersuite_t *info =
+      mbedtls_ssl_ciphersuite_from_id(id);
+    if (info == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    const char *name = mbedtls_ssl_ciphersuite_get_name(info);
+    const size_t len = os_strlen(name);
+    if (len == 7 && 0 == os_memcmp(name, "unknown", 7))
+        return 0;
+    if (len >= buflen)
+        return 0;
+    os_strlcpy(buf, name, buflen);
+
+    /* attempt to translate mbedtls string to openssl string
+     * (some heuristics; incomplete) */
+    size_t i = 0, j = 0;
+    if (buf[0] == 'T') {
+        if (os_strncmp(buf, "TLS1-3-", 7) == 0) {
+            buf[3] = '-';
+            j = 4; /* remove "1-3" from "TLS1-3-" prefix */
+            i = 7;
+        }
+        else if (os_strncmp(buf, "TLS-", 4) == 0)
+            i = 4; /* remove "TLS-" prefix */
+    }
+    for (; buf[i]; ++i) {
+        if (buf[i] == '-') {
+            if (i >= 3) {
+                if (0 == os_memcmp(buf+i-3, "AES", 3))
+                    continue; /* "AES-" -> "AES" */
+            }
+            if (i >= 4) {
+                if (0 == os_memcmp(buf+i-4, "WITH", 4)) {
+                    j -= 4;   /* remove "WITH-" */
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        buf[j++] = buf[i];
+    }
+    buf[j] = '\0';
+
+    return j;
+}
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_set_ciphersuites(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, int *ids, int nids)
+{
+    /* ciphersuites list must be persistent for lifetime of mbedtls_ssl_config*/
+    os_free(tls_conf->ciphersuites);
+    tls_conf->ciphersuites = os_malloc(nids * sizeof(int));
+    if (tls_conf->ciphersuites == NULL)
+        return 0;
+    os_memcpy(tls_conf->ciphersuites, ids, nids * sizeof(int));
+    mbedtls_ssl_conf_ciphersuites(&tls_conf->conf, tls_conf->ciphersuites);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_set_ciphers(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, const char *ciphers)
+{
+    char buf[64];
+    int ids[512];
+    int nids = -1;
+    const int idsz = (int)(sizeof(ids)/sizeof(*ids)-1);
+    const char *next;
+    size_t blen, clen;
+    do {
+        next = os_strchr(ciphers, ':');
+        clen = next ? (size_t)(next - ciphers) : os_strlen(ciphers);
+        if (!clen)
+            continue;
+
+        /* special-case a select set of openssl group names for hwsim tests */
+	/* (review; remove excess code if tests are not run for non-OpenSSL?) */
+        if (clen == 9 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "SUITEB192", 9) == 0) {
+            static int ssl_preset_suiteb192_ciphersuites[] = {
+                MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
+                0
+            };
+            return tls_mbedtls_set_ciphersuites(tls_conf,
+                                                ssl_preset_suiteb192_ciphersuites,
+                                                2);
+        }
+        if (clen == 9 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "SUITEB128", 9) == 0) {
+            static int ssl_preset_suiteb128_ciphersuites[] = {
+                MBEDTLS_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,
+                0
+            };
+            return tls_mbedtls_set_ciphersuites(tls_conf,
+                                                ssl_preset_suiteb128_ciphersuites,
+                                                2);
+        }
+        if (clen == 7 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "DEFAULT", 7) == 0)
+            continue;
+        if (clen == 6 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "AES128", 6) == 0) {
+            nids = tls_mbedtls_append_ciphersuite(ids, nids, idsz,
+                     suite_AES_128_ephemeral,
+                     (int)ARRAY_SIZE(suite_AES_128_ephemeral));
+            if (nids == -1)
+                return 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (clen == 6 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "AES256", 6) == 0) {
+            nids = tls_mbedtls_append_ciphersuite(ids, nids, idsz,
+                     suite_AES_256_ephemeral,
+                     (int)ARRAY_SIZE(suite_AES_256_ephemeral));
+            if (nids == -1)
+                return 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (clen == 4 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "HIGH", 4) == 0) {
+            nids = tls_mbedtls_append_ciphersuite(ids, nids, idsz, suite_HIGH,
+                                                  (int)ARRAY_SIZE(suite_HIGH));
+            if (nids == -1)
+                return 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+        /* ignore anonymous cipher group names (?not supported by mbedtls?) */
+        if (clen == 4 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "!ADH", 4) == 0)
+            continue;
+        if (clen == 6 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "-aECDH", 6) == 0)
+            continue;
+        if (clen == 7 && os_memcmp(ciphers, "-aECDSA", 7) == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        /* attempt to match mbedtls cipher names
+         * nb: does not support openssl group names or list manipulation syntax
+         *   (alt: could copy almost 1200 lines (!!!) of lighttpd mod_mbedtls.c
+         *    mod_mbedtls_ssl_conf_ciphersuites() to translate strings)
+         * note: not efficient to rewrite list for each ciphers entry,
+         *       but this code is expected to run only at startup
+         */
+        const int *list = mbedtls_ssl_list_ciphersuites();
+        for (; *list; ++list) {
+            blen = tls_mbedtls_translate_ciphername(*list,buf,sizeof(buf));
+            if (!blen)
+                continue;
+
+            /* matching heuristics additional to translate_ciphername above */
+            if (blen == clen+4) {
+                char *cbc = os_strstr(buf, "CBC-");
+                if (cbc) {
+                    os_memmove(cbc, cbc+4, blen-(cbc+4-buf)+1); /*(w/ '\0')*/
+                    blen -= 4;
+                }
+            }
+            if (blen >= clen && os_memcmp(ciphers, buf, clen) == 0
+                && (blen == clen
+                    || (blen == clen+7 && os_memcmp(buf+clen, "-SHA256", 7)))) {
+                if (1 >= idsz - (nids + 1)) {
+                    emsg(MSG_ERROR,
+                         "error: too many ciphers during list expand");
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                ids[++nids] = *list;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (*list == 0) {
+            wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR,
+                       "MTLS: unrecognized cipher: %.*s", (int)clen, ciphers);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    } while ((ciphers = next ? next+1 : NULL));
+
+    if (-1 == nids) return 1; /* empty list; no-op */
+
+    ids[++nids] = 0; /* terminate list */
+    ++nids;
+
+    return tls_mbedtls_set_ciphersuites(tls_conf, ids, nids);
+}
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_item(char **config_item, const char *item)
+{
+	os_free(*config_item);
+	*config_item = NULL;
+	return item ? (*config_item = os_strdup(item)) != NULL : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_connection_set_subject_match(struct tls_conf *tls_conf,
+                                            const struct tls_connection_params *params)
+{
+	int rc = 1;
+	rc &= tls_mbedtls_set_item(&tls_conf->subject_match,
+	                              params->subject_match);
+	rc &= tls_mbedtls_set_item(&tls_conf->altsubject_match,
+	                              params->altsubject_match);
+	rc &= tls_mbedtls_set_item(&tls_conf->suffix_match,
+	                              params->suffix_match);
+	rc &= tls_mbedtls_set_item(&tls_conf->domain_match,
+	                              params->domain_match);
+	rc &= tls_mbedtls_set_item(&tls_conf->check_cert_subject,
+	                              params->check_cert_subject);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+/* duplicated in crypto_mbedtls.c:crypto_mbedtls_readfile()*/
+__attribute_noinline__
+static int tls_mbedtls_readfile(const char *path, u8 **buf, size_t *n)
+{
+  #if 0 /* #ifdef MBEDTLS_FS_IO */
+	/*(includes +1 for '\0' needed by mbedtls PEM parsing funcs)*/
+	if (mbedtls_pk_load_file(path, (unsigned char **)buf, n) != 0) {
+		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "error: mbedtls_pk_load_file %s", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+  #else
+	/*(use os_readfile() so that we can use os_free()
+	 *(if we use mbedtls_pk_load_file() above, macros prevent calling free()
+	 * directly #if defined(OS_REJECT_C_LIB_FUNCTIONS) and calling os_free()
+	 * on buf aborts in tests if buf not allocated via os_malloc())*/
+	*buf = (u8 *)os_readfile(path, n);
+	if (!*buf) {
+		wpa_printf(MSG_ERROR, "error: os_readfile %s", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	u8 *buf0 = os_realloc(*buf, *n+1);
+	if (!buf0) {
+		bin_clear_free(*buf, *n);
+		*buf = NULL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	buf0[(*n)++] = '\0';
+	*buf = buf0;
+  #endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_crl(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, const u8 *data, size_t len)
+{
+	/* do not use mbedtls_x509_crl_parse() on PEM unless it contains CRL */
+	if (len && data[len-1] == '\0'
+	    && NULL == os_strstr((const char *)data,"-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----")
+	    && tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(data))
+		return 0;
+
+	mbedtls_x509_crl crl;
+	mbedtls_x509_crl_init(&crl);
+	int rc = mbedtls_x509_crl_parse(&crl, data, len);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		mbedtls_x509_crl_free(&crl);
+		return rc == MBEDTLS_ERR_PEM_NO_HEADER_FOOTER_PRESENT ? 0 : rc;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_x509_crl *crl_new = os_malloc(sizeof(crl));
+	if (crl_new == NULL) {
+		mbedtls_x509_crl_free(&crl);
+		return MBEDTLS_ERR_X509_ALLOC_FAILED;
+	}
+	os_memcpy(crl_new, &crl, sizeof(crl));
+
+	mbedtls_x509_crl *crl_old = tls_conf->crl;
+	tls_conf->crl = crl_new;
+	if (crl_old) {
+		mbedtls_x509_crl_free(crl_old);
+		os_free(crl_old);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_ca(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, u8 *data, size_t len)
+{
+	/* load crt struct onto stack and then copy into tls_conf in
+	 * order to preserve existing tls_conf value if error occurs
+	 *
+	 * hostapd is not threaded, or else should allocate memory and swap in
+	 * pointer reduce race condition.  (If threaded, would also need to
+	 * keep reference count of use to avoid freeing while still in use.) */
+
+	mbedtls_x509_crt crt;
+	mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&crt);
+	int rc = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&crt, data, len);
+	if (rc < 0) {
+		mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&crt);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&tls_conf->ca_cert);
+	os_memcpy(&tls_conf->ca_cert, &crt, sizeof(crt));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_ca_and_crl(struct tls_conf *tls_conf, const char *ca_cert_file)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	u8 *data;
+	if (tls_mbedtls_readfile(ca_cert_file, &data, &len))
+		return -1;
+
+	int rc;
+	if (0 == (rc = tls_mbedtls_set_ca(tls_conf, data, len))
+	    && (!tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(data) /*skip parse for CRL if not PEM*/
+	        || 0 == (rc = tls_mbedtls_set_crl(tls_conf, data, len)))) {
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&tls_conf->conf,
+		                          &tls_conf->ca_cert,
+		                          tls_conf->crl);
+	}
+	else {
+		elog(rc, __func__);
+		emsg(MSG_ERROR, ca_cert_file);
+	}
+
+	forced_memzero(data, len);
+	os_free(data);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+
+static void tls_mbedtls_refresh_crl(void)
+{
+	/* check for CRL refresh
+	 * continue even if error occurs; continue with previous cert, CRL */
+	unsigned int crl_reload_interval = tls_ctx_global.crl_reload_interval;
+	const char *ca_cert_file = tls_ctx_global.ca_cert_file;
+	if (!crl_reload_interval || !ca_cert_file)
+		return;
+
+	struct os_reltime *previous = &tls_ctx_global.crl_reload_previous;
+	struct os_reltime now;
+	if (os_get_reltime(&now) != 0
+	    || !os_reltime_expired(&now, previous, crl_reload_interval))
+		return;
+
+	/* Note: modifying global state is not thread-safe
+	 *       if in use by existing connections
+	 *
+	 * src/utils/os.h does not provide a portable stat()
+	 * or else it would be a good idea to check mtime and size,
+	 * and avoid reloading if file has not changed */
+
+	if (tls_mbedtls_set_ca_and_crl(tls_ctx_global.tls_conf, ca_cert_file) == 0)
+		*previous = now;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_ca_cert(struct tls_conf *tls_conf,
+				   const struct tls_connection_params *params)
+{
+	if (params->ca_cert) {
+		if (os_strncmp(params->ca_cert, "probe://", 8) == 0) {
+			tls_conf->ca_cert_probe = 1;
+			tls_conf->has_ca_cert = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (os_strncmp(params->ca_cert, "hash://", 7) == 0) {
+			const char *pos = params->ca_cert + 7;
+			if (os_strncmp(pos, "server/sha256/", 14) != 0) {
+				emsg(MSG_ERROR, "unsupported ca_cert hash value");
+				return -1;
+			}
+			pos += 14;
+			if (os_strlen(pos) != SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH*2) {
+				emsg(MSG_ERROR, "unexpected ca_cert hash length");
+				return -1;
+			}
+			if (hexstr2bin(pos, tls_conf->ca_cert_hash,
+			               SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH) < 0) {
+				emsg(MSG_ERROR, "invalid ca_cert hash value");
+				return -1;
+			}
+			emsg(MSG_DEBUG, "checking only server certificate match");
+			tls_conf->verify_depth0_only = 1;
+			tls_conf->has_ca_cert = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (tls_mbedtls_set_ca_and_crl(tls_conf, params->ca_cert) != 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (params->ca_cert_blob) {
+		size_t len = params->ca_cert_blob_len;
+		int is_pem = tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(params->ca_cert_blob);
+		if (len && params->ca_cert_blob[len-1] != '\0' && is_pem)
+			++len; /*(include '\0' in len for PEM)*/
+		int ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&tls_conf->ca_cert,
+		                                 params->ca_cert_blob, len);
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			elog(ret, "mbedtls_x509_crt_parse");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (is_pem) { /*(ca_cert_blob in DER format contains ca cert only)*/
+			ret = tls_mbedtls_set_crl(tls_conf, params->ca_cert_blob, len);
+			if (ret != 0) {
+				elog(ret, "mbedtls_x509_crl_parse");
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (mbedtls_x509_time_is_future(&tls_conf->ca_cert.valid_from)
+	    || mbedtls_x509_time_is_past(&tls_conf->ca_cert.valid_to)) {
+		emsg(MSG_WARNING, "ca_cert expired or not yet valid");
+		if (params->ca_cert)
+			emsg(MSG_WARNING, params->ca_cert);
+	}
+
+	tls_conf->has_ca_cert = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_certs(struct tls_conf *tls_conf,
+				 const struct tls_connection_params *params)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (params->ca_cert || params->ca_cert_blob) {
+		if (tls_mbedtls_set_ca_cert(tls_conf, params) != 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	else if (params->ca_path) {
+		emsg(MSG_INFO, "ca_path support not implemented");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!tls_conf->has_ca_cert)
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&tls_conf->conf, MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_NONE);
+	else {
+		/* Initial setting: REQUIRED for client, OPTIONAL for server
+		 *   (see also tls_connection_set_verify()) */
+		tls_conf->verify_peer = (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf == NULL);
+		int authmode = tls_conf->verify_peer
+		  ? MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_REQUIRED
+		  : MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_OPTIONAL;
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&tls_conf->conf, authmode);
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&tls_conf->conf,
+		                          &tls_conf->ca_cert,
+		                          tls_conf->crl);
+
+		if (!tls_connection_set_subject_match(tls_conf, params))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (params->client_cert2) /*(yes, server_cert2 in msg below)*/
+		emsg(MSG_INFO, "server_cert2 support not implemented");
+
+	if (params->client_cert) {
+		size_t len;
+		u8 *data;
+		if (tls_mbedtls_readfile(params->client_cert, &data, &len))
+			return -1;
+		ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&tls_conf->client_cert, data, len);
+		forced_memzero(data, len);
+		os_free(data);
+	}
+	if (params->client_cert_blob) {
+		size_t len = params->client_cert_blob_len;
+		if (len && params->client_cert_blob[len-1] != '\0'
+		    && tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(params->client_cert_blob))
+			++len; /*(include '\0' in len for PEM)*/
+		ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&tls_conf->client_cert,
+		                             params->client_cert_blob, len);
+	}
+	if (params->client_cert || params->client_cert_blob) {
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			elog(ret, "mbedtls_x509_crt_parse");
+			if (params->client_cert)
+				emsg(MSG_ERROR, params->client_cert);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (mbedtls_x509_time_is_future(&tls_conf->client_cert.valid_from)
+		    || mbedtls_x509_time_is_past(&tls_conf->client_cert.valid_to)) {
+			emsg(MSG_WARNING, "cert expired or not yet valid");
+			if (params->client_cert)
+				emsg(MSG_WARNING, params->client_cert);
+		}
+		tls_conf->has_client_cert = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (params->private_key || params->private_key_blob) {
+		size_t len = params->private_key_blob_len;
+		u8 *data;
+		*(const u8 **)&data = params->private_key_blob;
+		if (len && data[len-1] != '\0' && tls_mbedtls_data_is_pem(data))
+			++len; /*(include '\0' in len for PEM)*/
+		if (params->private_key
+		    && tls_mbedtls_readfile(params->private_key, &data, &len)) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		const char *pwd = params->private_key_passwd;
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+		ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_key(&tls_conf->private_key,
+			data, len,
+			(const unsigned char *)pwd,
+			pwd ? os_strlen(pwd) : 0,
+			mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random,
+			tls_ctx_global.ctr_drbg);
+	  #else
+		ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_key(&tls_conf->private_key,
+			data, len,
+			(const unsigned char *)pwd,
+			pwd ? os_strlen(pwd) : 0);
+	  #endif
+		if (params->private_key) {
+			forced_memzero(data, len);
+			os_free(data);
+		}
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			elog(ret, "mbedtls_pk_parse_key");
+			return -1;
+		}
+		tls_conf->has_private_key = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (tls_conf->has_client_cert && tls_conf->has_private_key) {
+		ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert(
+		    &tls_conf->conf, &tls_conf->client_cert, &tls_conf->private_key);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			elog(ret, "mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* mbedtls_x509_crt_profile_suiteb plus rsa_min_bitlen 2048 */
+/* (reference: see also mbedtls_x509_crt_profile_next) */
+/* ??? should permit SHA-512, too, and additional curves ??? */
+static const mbedtls_x509_crt_profile tls_mbedtls_crt_profile_suiteb128 =
+{
+    /* Only SHA-256 and 384 */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256 ) |
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384 ),
+    /* Only ECDSA */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_PK_ECDSA ) |
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_PK_ECKEY ),
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECP_C)
+    /* Only NIST P-256 and P-384 */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP256R1 ) |
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1 ),
+#else
+    0,
+#endif
+    2048,
+};
+
+
+/* stricter than mbedtls_x509_crt_profile_suiteb */
+/* (reference: see also mbedtls_x509_crt_profile_next) */
+/* ??? should permit SHA-512, too, and additional curves ??? */
+static const mbedtls_x509_crt_profile tls_mbedtls_crt_profile_suiteb192 =
+{
+    /* Only SHA-384 */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384 ),
+    /* Only ECDSA */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_PK_ECDSA ) |
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_PK_ECKEY ),
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECP_C)
+    /* Only NIST P-384 */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1 ),
+#else
+    0,
+#endif
+    3072,
+};
+
+
+/* stricter than mbedtls_x509_crt_profile_suiteb except allow any PK alg */
+/* (reference: see also mbedtls_x509_crt_profile_next) */
+/* ??? should permit SHA-512, too, and additional curves ??? */
+static const mbedtls_x509_crt_profile tls_mbedtls_crt_profile_suiteb192_anypk =
+{
+    /* Only SHA-384 */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_MD_SHA384 ),
+    0xFFFFFFF, /* Any PK alg    */
+#if defined(MBEDTLS_ECP_C)
+    /* Only NIST P-384 */
+    MBEDTLS_X509_ID_FLAG( MBEDTLS_ECP_DP_SECP384R1 ),
+#else
+    0,
+#endif
+    3072,
+};
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_set_params(struct tls_conf *tls_conf,
+				  const struct tls_connection_params *params)
+{
+	tls_conf->flags = params->flags;
+
+	if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_REQUIRE_OCSP_ALL) {
+		emsg(MSG_INFO, "ocsp=3 not supported");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_REQUIRE_OCSP) {
+		emsg(MSG_INFO, "ocsp not supported");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	int suiteb128 = 0;
+	int suiteb192 = 0;
+	if (params->openssl_ciphers) {
+		if (os_strcmp(params->openssl_ciphers, "SUITEB192") == 0) {
+			suiteb192 = 1;
+			tls_conf->flags |= TLS_CONN_SUITEB;
+		}
+		if (os_strcmp(params->openssl_ciphers, "SUITEB128") == 0) {
+			suiteb128 = 1;
+			tls_conf->flags |= TLS_CONN_SUITEB;
+		}
+	}
+
+	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(
+	    &tls_conf->conf, tls_ctx_global.tls_conf ? MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_SERVER
+	                                             : MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT,
+	    MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM,
+	    (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB) ? MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_SUITEB
+	                                        : MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		elog(ret, "mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (suiteb128) {
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_cert_profile(&tls_conf->conf,
+		                              &tls_mbedtls_crt_profile_suiteb128);
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_dhm_min_bitlen(&tls_conf->conf, 2048);
+	}
+	else if (suiteb192) {
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_cert_profile(&tls_conf->conf,
+		                              &tls_mbedtls_crt_profile_suiteb192);
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_dhm_min_bitlen(&tls_conf->conf, 3072);
+	}
+	else if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB) {
+		/* treat as suiteb192 while allowing any PK algorithm */
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_cert_profile(&tls_conf->conf,
+		                              &tls_mbedtls_crt_profile_suiteb192_anypk);
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_dhm_min_bitlen(&tls_conf->conf, 3072);
+	}
+
+	tls_mbedtls_set_allowed_tls_vers(tls_conf, &tls_conf->conf);
+	ret = tls_mbedtls_set_certs(tls_conf, params);
+	if (ret != 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (params->dh_file
+	    && !tls_mbedtls_set_dhparams(tls_conf, params->dh_file)) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (params->openssl_ecdh_curves
+	    && !tls_mbedtls_set_curves(tls_conf, params->openssl_ecdh_curves)) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (params->openssl_ciphers) {
+		if (!tls_mbedtls_set_ciphers(tls_conf, params->openssl_ciphers))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	else if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB) {
+		/* special-case a select set of ciphers for hwsim tests */
+		if (!tls_mbedtls_set_ciphers(tls_conf,
+		        (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB_NO_ECDH)
+		          ? "DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384"
+		          : "ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384"))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_set_params(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+			      const struct tls_connection_params *params)
+{
+	if (conn == NULL || params == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	tls_conf_deinit(conn->tls_conf);
+	struct tls_conf *tls_conf = conn->tls_conf = tls_conf_init(tls_ctx);
+	if (tls_conf == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf) {
+		tls_conf->check_crl = tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->check_crl;
+		tls_conf->check_crl_strict = tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->check_crl_strict;
+		/*(tls_openssl.c inherits check_cert_subject from global conf)*/
+		if (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->check_cert_subject) {
+			tls_conf->check_cert_subject =
+			  os_strdup(tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->check_cert_subject);
+			if (tls_conf->check_cert_subject == NULL)
+				return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (tls_mbedtls_set_params(tls_conf, params) != 0)
+		return -1;
+	conn->verify_peer = tls_conf->verify_peer;
+
+	return tls_mbedtls_ssl_setup(conn);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_clienthello_session_ticket_prep (struct tls_connection *conn,
+                                                        const u8 *data, size_t len)
+{
+	if (conn->tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_SESSION_TICKET)
+		return -1;
+	if (conn->clienthello_session_ticket)
+		tls_connection_deinit_clienthello_session_ticket(conn);
+	if (len) {
+		conn->clienthello_session_ticket = mbedtls_calloc(1, len);
+		if (conn->clienthello_session_ticket == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		conn->clienthello_session_ticket_len = len;
+		os_memcpy(conn->clienthello_session_ticket, data, len);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void tls_mbedtls_clienthello_session_ticket_set (struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	mbedtls_ssl_session *sess = conn->ssl.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(session_negotiate);
+	if (sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket)) {
+		mbedtls_platform_zeroize(sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket),
+		                         sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket_len));
+		mbedtls_free(sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket));
+	}
+	sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket) = conn->clienthello_session_ticket;
+	sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket_len) = conn->clienthello_session_ticket_len;
+	sess->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ticket_lifetime) = 86400;/* XXX: can hint be 0? */
+
+	conn->clienthello_session_ticket = NULL;
+	conn->clienthello_session_ticket_len = 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_write(void *p_ticket,
+                                        const mbedtls_ssl_session *session,
+                                        unsigned char *start,
+                                        const unsigned char *end,
+                                        size_t *tlen,
+                                        uint32_t *lifetime)
+{
+	struct tls_connection *conn = p_ticket;
+	if (conn && conn->session_ticket_cb) {
+		/* see tls_mbedtls_clienthello_session_ticket_prep() */
+		/* see tls_mbedtls_clienthello_session_ticket_set() */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return mbedtls_ssl_ticket_write(&tls_ctx_global.ticket_ctx,
+	                                session, start, end, tlen, lifetime);
+}
+
+
+static int tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse(void *p_ticket,
+                                        mbedtls_ssl_session *session,
+                                        unsigned char *buf,
+                                        size_t len)
+{
+	/* XXX: TODO: not implemented in client;
+	 * mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_tickets_cb() callbacks only for TLS server*/
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_BAD_INPUT_DATA;
+
+	struct tls_connection *conn = p_ticket;
+	if (conn && conn->session_ticket_cb) {
+		/* XXX: have random and secret been initialized yet?
+		 *      or must keys first be exported?
+		 *      EAP-FAST uses all args, EAP-TEAP only uses secret */
+		struct tls_random data;
+		if (tls_connection_get_random(NULL, conn, &data) != 0)
+			return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+		int ret =
+		  conn->session_ticket_cb(conn->session_ticket_cb_ctx,
+		                          buf, len,
+		                          data.client_random,
+		                          data.server_random,
+		                          conn->expkey_secret);
+		if (ret == 1) {
+			conn->resumed = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		emsg(MSG_ERROR, "EAP session ticket ext not implemented");
+		return MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_INVALID_MAC;
+		/*(non-zero return used for mbedtls debug logging)*/
+	}
+
+	/* XXX: TODO always use tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse() for callback? */
+	int rc = mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse(&tls_ctx_global.ticket_ctx,
+	                                  session, buf, len);
+	if (conn)
+		conn->resumed = (rc == 0);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+#endif /* TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS */
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+int tls_global_set_params(void *tls_ctx,
+			  const struct tls_connection_params *params)
+{
+	/* XXX: why might global_set_params be called more than once? */
+	if (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf)
+		tls_conf_deinit(tls_ctx_global.tls_conf);
+	tls_ctx_global.tls_conf = tls_conf_init(tls_ctx);
+	if (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_SESSION_TICKETS
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SSL_TICKET_C
+	if (!(params->flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_SESSION_TICKET))
+	  #ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_tickets_cb(&tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->conf,
+		                                    tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_write,
+		                                    tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse,
+		                                    NULL);
+	  #else
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_tickets_cb(&tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->conf,
+		                                    mbedtls_ssl_ticket_write,
+		                                    mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse,
+		                                    &tls_ctx_global.ticket_ctx);
+	  #endif
+  #endif
+  #endif
+
+	os_free(tls_ctx_global.ocsp_stapling_response);
+	tls_ctx_global.ocsp_stapling_response = NULL;
+	if (params->ocsp_stapling_response)
+		tls_ctx_global.ocsp_stapling_response =
+			os_strdup(params->ocsp_stapling_response);
+
+	os_free(tls_ctx_global.ca_cert_file);
+	tls_ctx_global.ca_cert_file = NULL;
+	if (params->ca_cert)
+		tls_ctx_global.ca_cert_file = os_strdup(params->ca_cert);
+	return tls_mbedtls_set_params(tls_ctx_global.tls_conf, params);
+}
+
+
+int tls_global_set_verify(void *tls_ctx, int check_crl, int strict)
+{
+	tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->check_crl = check_crl;
+	tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->check_crl_strict = strict; /*(time checks)*/
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_set_verify(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+			      int verify_peer, unsigned int flags,
+			      const u8 *session_ctx, size_t session_ctx_len)
+{
+	/*(EAP server-side calls this from eap_server_tls_ssl_init())*/
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	conn->tls_conf->flags |= flags;/* TODO: reprocess flags, if necessary */
+
+	int authmode;
+	switch (verify_peer) {
+	case 2:  authmode = MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_OPTIONAL; break;/*(eap_teap_init())*/
+	case 1:  authmode = MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_REQUIRED; break;
+	default: authmode = MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_NONE;     break;
+	}
+	mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_authmode(&conn->ssl, authmode);
+
+	if ((conn->verify_peer = (authmode != MBEDTLS_SSL_VERIFY_NONE)))
+		mbedtls_ssl_set_verify(&conn->ssl, tls_mbedtls_verify_cb, conn);
+	else
+		mbedtls_ssl_set_verify(&conn->ssl, NULL, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+static void tls_connection_export_keys_cb(
+    void *p_expkey, mbedtls_ssl_key_export_type secret_type,
+    const unsigned char *secret, size_t secret_len,
+    const unsigned char client_random[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN],
+    const unsigned char server_random[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN],
+    mbedtls_tls_prf_types tls_prf_type)
+{
+	struct tls_connection *conn = p_expkey;
+	conn->tls_prf_type = tls_prf_type;
+	if (!tls_prf_type)
+		return;
+	if (secret_len > sizeof(conn->expkey_secret)) {
+		emsg(MSG_ERROR, "tls_connection_export_keys_cb secret too long");
+		conn->tls_prf_type = MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_PRF_NONE; /* 0 */
+		return;
+	}
+	conn->expkey_secret_len = secret_len;
+	os_memcpy(conn->expkey_secret, secret, secret_len);
+	os_memcpy(conn->expkey_randbytes,
+	          client_random, MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN);
+	os_memcpy(conn->expkey_randbytes + MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN,
+	          server_random, MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN);
+}
+#elif MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+static int tls_connection_export_keys_cb(
+    void *p_expkey,
+    const unsigned char *ms,
+    const unsigned char *kb,
+    size_t maclen,
+    size_t keylen,
+    size_t ivlen,
+    const unsigned char client_random[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN],
+    const unsigned char server_random[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN],
+    mbedtls_tls_prf_types tls_prf_type )
+{
+	struct tls_connection *conn = p_expkey;
+	conn->tls_prf_type = tls_prf_type;
+	if (!tls_prf_type)
+		return -1; /*(return value ignored by mbedtls)*/
+	conn->expkey_keyblock_size = maclen + keylen + ivlen;
+	conn->expkey_secret_len = MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_FIXED_SECRET_LEN;
+	os_memcpy(conn->expkey_secret, ms, MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_FIXED_SECRET_LEN);
+	os_memcpy(conn->expkey_randbytes,
+	          client_random, MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN);
+	os_memcpy(conn->expkey_randbytes + MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN,
+	          server_random, MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN);
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+int tls_connection_get_random(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+			      struct tls_random *data)
+{
+	if (!conn || !conn->tls_prf_type)
+		return -1;
+	data->client_random = conn->expkey_randbytes;
+	data->client_random_len = MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN;
+	data->server_random = conn->expkey_randbytes + MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN;
+	data->server_random_len = MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_export_key(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+			      const char *label, const u8 *context,
+			      size_t context_len, u8 *out, size_t out_len)
+{
+	/* (EAP-PEAP EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS) */
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+	return (conn && conn->established && conn->tls_prf_type)
+	  ? mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf(conn->tls_prf_type,
+				conn->expkey_secret, conn->expkey_secret_len, label,
+				conn->expkey_randbytes,
+				sizeof(conn->expkey_randbytes), out, out_len)
+	  : -1;
+  #else
+	/* not implemented here for mbedtls < 2.18.0 */
+	return -1;
+  #endif
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_FAST
+
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+/* keyblock size info is not exposed in mbed TLS 3.0.0 */
+/* extracted from mbedtls library/ssl_tls.c:ssl_tls12_populate_transform() */
+#include <mbedtls/ssl_ciphersuites.h>
+#include <mbedtls/cipher.h>
+static size_t tls_mbedtls_ssl_keyblock_size (mbedtls_ssl_context *ssl)
+{
+  #if !defined(MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO) /* XXX: (not extracted for PSA crypto) */
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3)
+    if (tls_version == MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3)
+        return 0; /* (calculation not extracted) */
+  #endif /* MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3 */
+
+    int ciphersuite = mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite_id_from_ssl(ssl);
+    const mbedtls_ssl_ciphersuite_t *ciphersuite_info =
+      mbedtls_ssl_ciphersuite_from_id(ciphersuite);
+    if (ciphersuite_info == NULL)
+        return 0;
+
+    const mbedtls_cipher_info_t *cipher_info =
+      mbedtls_cipher_info_from_type(ciphersuite_info->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(cipher));
+    if (cipher_info == NULL)
+        return 0;
+
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03010000 /* mbedtls 3.1.0 */
+    size_t keylen = mbedtls_cipher_info_get_key_bitlen(cipher_info) / 8;
+    mbedtls_cipher_mode_t mode = mbedtls_cipher_info_get_mode(cipher_info);
+  #else
+    size_t keylen = cipher_info->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(key_bitlen) / 8;
+    mbedtls_cipher_mode_t mode = cipher_info->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(mode);
+  #endif
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_GCM_C) || \
+      defined(MBEDTLS_CCM_C) || \
+      defined(MBEDTLS_CHACHAPOLY_C)
+    if (mode == MBEDTLS_MODE_GCM || mode == MBEDTLS_MODE_CCM)
+        return keylen + 4;
+    else if (mode == MBEDTLS_MODE_CHACHAPOLY)
+        return keylen + 12;
+    else
+  #endif /* MBEDTLS_GCM_C || MBEDTLS_CCM_C || MBEDTLS_CHACHAPOLY_C */
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_SOME_SUITES_USE_MAC)
+    {
+        const mbedtls_md_info_t *md_info =
+          mbedtls_md_info_from_type(ciphersuite_info->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(mac));
+        if (md_info == NULL)
+            return 0;
+        size_t mac_key_len = mbedtls_md_get_size(md_info);
+        size_t ivlen = mbedtls_cipher_info_get_iv_size(cipher_info);
+        return keylen + mac_key_len + ivlen;
+    }
+  #endif /* MBEDTLS_SSL_SOME_SUITES_USE_MAC */
+  #endif /* !MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO *//* (not extracted for PSA crypto) */
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif /* MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 *//* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+
+
+int tls_connection_get_eap_fast_key(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+				    u8 *out, size_t out_len)
+{
+	/* XXX: has export keys callback been run? */
+	if (!conn || !conn->tls_prf_type)
+		return -1;
+
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+	conn->expkey_keyblock_size = tls_mbedtls_ssl_keyblock_size(&conn->ssl);
+	if (conn->expkey_keyblock_size == 0)
+		return -1;
+  #endif
+	size_t skip = conn->expkey_keyblock_size * 2;
+	unsigned char *tmp_out = os_malloc(skip + out_len);
+	if (!tmp_out)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* server_random and then client_random */
+	unsigned char seed[MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN*2];
+	os_memcpy(seed, conn->expkey_randbytes + MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN,
+	          MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN);
+	os_memcpy(seed + MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN, conn->expkey_randbytes,
+	          MBEDTLS_EXPKEY_RAND_LEN);
+
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf(conn->tls_prf_type,
+				      conn->expkey_secret, conn->expkey_secret_len,
+				      "key expansion", seed, sizeof(seed),
+				      tmp_out, skip + out_len);
+	if (ret == 0)
+		os_memcpy(out, tmp_out + skip, out_len);
+  #else
+	int ret = -1; /*(not reached if not impl; return -1 at top of func)*/
+  #endif
+
+	bin_clear_free(tmp_out, skip + out_len);
+	forced_memzero(seed, sizeof(seed));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#endif /* TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_FAST */
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+static void tls_mbedtls_suiteb_handshake_alert (struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	/* tests/hwsim/test_suite_b.py test_suite_b_192_rsa_insufficient_dh */
+	if (!(conn->tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB))
+		return;
+	if (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf) /*(is server; want issue event on client)*/
+		return;
+  #if 0
+	/*(info not available on client;
+         * mbed TLS library enforces dhm min bitlen in ServerKeyExchange)*/
+	if (MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 ==
+	  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+	          mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite_id_from_ssl(&conn->ssl)
+	  #else
+	          mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite_id(
+	            mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite(&conn->ssl))
+	  #endif
+	    && mbedtls_mpi_size(&conn->tls_conf->conf.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(dhm_P))
+	         < 384 /*(3072/8)*/)
+  #endif
+	{
+		struct tls_config *init_conf = &tls_ctx_global.init_conf;
+		if (init_conf->event_cb) {
+			union tls_event_data ev;
+			os_memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
+			ev.alert.is_local = 1;
+			ev.alert.type = "fatal";
+			/*"internal error" string for tests/hwsim/test_suiteb.py */
+			ev.alert.description = "internal error: handshake failure";
+			/*ev.alert.description = "insufficient security";*/
+			init_conf->event_cb(init_conf->cb_ctx, TLS_ALERT, &ev);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+struct wpabuf * tls_connection_handshake(void *tls_ctx,
+					 struct tls_connection *conn,
+					 const struct wpabuf *in_data,
+					 struct wpabuf **appl_data)
+{
+	if (appl_data)
+		*appl_data = NULL;
+
+	if (in_data && wpabuf_len(in_data)) {
+		/*(unsure why tls_gnutls.c discards buffer contents; skip here)*/
+		if (conn->pull_buf && 0) /* disable; appears unwise */
+			tls_pull_buf_discard(conn, __func__);
+		if (!tls_pull_buf_append(conn, in_data))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (conn->tls_conf == NULL) {
+		struct tls_connection_params params;
+		os_memset(&params, 0, sizeof(params));
+		params.openssl_ciphers =
+		  tls_ctx_global.init_conf.openssl_ciphers;
+		params.flags = tls_ctx_global.tls_conf->flags;
+		if (tls_connection_set_params(tls_ctx, conn, &params) != 0)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (conn->verify_peer) /*(call here might be redundant; nbd)*/
+		mbedtls_ssl_set_verify(&conn->ssl, tls_mbedtls_verify_cb, conn);
+
+  #ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+	if (conn->clienthello_session_ticket)
+		/*(starting handshake for EAP-FAST and EAP-TEAP)*/
+		tls_mbedtls_clienthello_session_ticket_set(conn);
+
+	/* (not thread-safe due to need to set userdata 'conn' for callback) */
+	/* (unable to use mbedtls_ssl_set_user_data_p() with mbedtls 3.2.0+
+	 *  since ticket write and parse callbacks take (mbedtls_ssl_session *)
+	 *  param instead of (mbedtls_ssl_context *) param) */
+	if (conn->tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_SESSION_TICKET)
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_tickets_cb(&conn->tls_conf->conf,
+		                                    NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	else
+		mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_tickets_cb(&conn->tls_conf->conf,
+		                                    tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_write,
+		                                    tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse,
+		                                    conn);
+  #endif
+
+  #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+	int ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&conn->ssl);
+  #else
+	int ret = 0;
+	while (conn->ssl.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(state) != MBEDTLS_SSL_HANDSHAKE_OVER) {
+		ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake_step(&conn->ssl);
+		if (ret != 0)
+			break;
+	}
+  #endif
+
+  #ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+	mbedtls_ssl_conf_session_tickets_cb(&conn->tls_conf->conf,
+	                                    tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_write,
+	                                    tls_mbedtls_ssl_ticket_parse,
+	                                    NULL);
+  #endif
+
+	switch (ret) {
+	case 0:
+		conn->established = 1;
+		if (conn->push_buf == NULL)
+			/* Need to return something to get final TLS ACK. */
+			conn->push_buf = wpabuf_alloc(0);
+
+		if (appl_data /*&& conn->pull_buf && wpabuf_len(conn->pull_buf)*/)
+			*appl_data = NULL; /* RFE: check for application data */
+		break;
+	case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE:
+	case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ:
+	case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_CRYPTO_IN_PROGRESS:
+	case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_ASYNC_IN_PROGRESS:
+		if (tls_ctx_global.tls_conf /*(is server)*/
+		    && conn->established && conn->push_buf == NULL)
+			/* Need to return something to trigger completion of EAP-TLS. */
+			conn->push_buf = wpabuf_alloc(0);
+		break;
+	default:
+		++conn->failed;
+		switch (ret) {
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_CLIENT_RECONNECT:
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_NET_CONN_RESET:
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_NET_SEND_FAILED:
+			++conn->write_alerts;
+			break;
+	      #if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE:
+	      #else
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_BAD_HS_SERVER_KEY_EXCHANGE:
+	      #endif
+			tls_mbedtls_suiteb_handshake_alert(conn);
+			/* fall through */
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_NET_RECV_FAILED:
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_CONN_EOF:
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_PEER_CLOSE_NOTIFY:
+		case MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_FATAL_ALERT_MESSAGE:
+			++conn->read_alerts;
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+
+		ilog(ret, "mbedtls_ssl_handshake");
+		break;
+	}
+
+	struct wpabuf *out_data = conn->push_buf;
+	conn->push_buf = NULL;
+	return out_data;
+}
+
+
+struct wpabuf * tls_connection_server_handshake(void *tls_ctx,
+						struct tls_connection *conn,
+						const struct wpabuf *in_data,
+						struct wpabuf **appl_data)
+{
+	conn->is_server = 1;
+	return tls_connection_handshake(tls_ctx, conn, in_data, appl_data);
+}
+
+
+struct wpabuf * tls_connection_encrypt(void *tls_ctx,
+				       struct tls_connection *conn,
+				       const struct wpabuf *in_data)
+{
+	int res = mbedtls_ssl_write(&conn->ssl,
+	                            wpabuf_head_u8(in_data), wpabuf_len(in_data));
+	if (res < 0) {
+		elog(res, "mbedtls_ssl_write");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	struct wpabuf *buf = conn->push_buf;
+	conn->push_buf = NULL;
+	return buf;
+}
+
+
+struct wpabuf * tls_connection_decrypt(void *tls_ctx,
+				       struct tls_connection *conn,
+				       const struct wpabuf *in_data)
+{
+	int res;
+	struct wpabuf *out;
+
+	/*assert(in_data != NULL);*/
+	if (!tls_pull_buf_append(conn, in_data))
+		return NULL;
+
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_ZLIB_SUPPORT) /* removed in mbedtls 3.x */
+	/* Add extra buffer space to handle the possibility of decrypted
+	 * data being longer than input data due to TLS compression. */
+	out = wpabuf_alloc((wpabuf_len(in_data) + 500) * 3);
+  #else /* TLS compression is disabled in mbedtls 3.x */
+	out = wpabuf_alloc(wpabuf_len(in_data));
+  #endif
+	if (out == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	res = mbedtls_ssl_read(&conn->ssl, wpabuf_mhead(out), wpabuf_size(out));
+	if (res < 0) {
+	  #if 1 /*(seems like a different error if wpabuf_len(in_data) == 0)*/
+		if (res == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ)
+			return out;
+	  #endif
+		elog(res, "mbedtls_ssl_read");
+		wpabuf_free(out);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	wpabuf_put(out, res);
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_resumed(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	/* XXX: might need to detect if session resumed from TLS session ticket
+	 * even if not special session ticket handling for EAP-FAST, EAP-TEAP */
+	/* (?ssl->handshake->resume during session ticket validation?) */
+	return conn && conn->resumed;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_FAST
+int tls_connection_set_cipher_list(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+				   u8 *ciphers)
+{
+	/* ciphers is list of TLS_CIPHER_* from hostap/src/crypto/tls.h */
+	int ids[7];
+	const int idsz = (int)sizeof(ids);
+	int nids = -1, id;
+	for ( ; *ciphers != TLS_CIPHER_NONE; ++ciphers) {
+		switch (*ciphers) {
+		case TLS_CIPHER_RC4_SHA:
+		  #ifdef MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
+			id = MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA;
+			break;
+		  #else
+			continue; /*(not supported in mbedtls 3.x; ignore)*/
+		  #endif
+		case TLS_CIPHER_AES128_SHA:
+			id = MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA;
+			break;
+		case TLS_CIPHER_RSA_DHE_AES128_SHA:
+			id = MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA;
+			break;
+		case TLS_CIPHER_ANON_DH_AES128_SHA:
+			continue; /*(not supported in mbedtls; ignore)*/
+		case TLS_CIPHER_RSA_DHE_AES256_SHA:
+			id = MBEDTLS_TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA;
+			break;
+		case TLS_CIPHER_AES256_SHA:
+			id = MBEDTLS_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA;
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1; /* should not happen */
+		}
+		if (++nids == idsz)
+			return -1; /* should not happen */
+		ids[nids] = id;
+	}
+	if (nids < 0)
+		return 0; /* nothing to do */
+	if (++nids == idsz)
+		return -1; /* should not happen */
+	ids[nids] = 0; /* terminate list */
+	++nids;
+
+	return tls_mbedtls_set_ciphersuites(conn->tls_conf, ids, nids) ? 0 : -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+int tls_get_version(void *ssl_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+		    char *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	os_strlcpy(buf, mbedtls_ssl_get_version(&conn->ssl), buflen);
+	return buf[0] != 'u' ? 0 : -1; /*(-1 if "unknown")*/
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_TEAP
+u16 tls_connection_get_cipher_suite(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	return (u16)mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite_id_from_ssl(&conn->ssl);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+int tls_get_cipher(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+		   char *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+	if (conn == NULL)
+		return -1;
+	const int id = mbedtls_ssl_get_ciphersuite_id_from_ssl(&conn->ssl);
+	return tls_mbedtls_translate_ciphername(id, buf, buflen) ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+
+int tls_connection_enable_workaround(void *tls_ctx,
+				     struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	/* (see comment in src/eap_peer/eap_fast.c:eap_fast_init()) */
+	/* XXX: is there a relevant setting for this in mbed TLS? */
+	/* (do we even care that much about older CBC ciphers?) */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_client_hello_ext(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+				    int ext_type, const u8 *data,
+				    size_t data_len)
+{
+	/* (EAP-FAST and EAP-TEAP) */
+	if (ext_type == MBEDTLS_TLS_EXT_SESSION_TICKET) /*(ext_type == 35)*/
+		return tls_mbedtls_clienthello_session_ticket_prep(conn, data,
+		                                                   data_len);
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#endif /* TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS */
+
+
+int tls_connection_get_failed(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	return conn ? conn->failed : -1;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_get_read_alerts(void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	return conn ? conn->read_alerts : -1;
+}
+
+
+int tls_connection_get_write_alerts(void *tls_ctx,
+				    struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	return conn ? conn->write_alerts : -1;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_SESSION_TICKETS
+int tls_connection_set_session_ticket_cb(
+	void *tls_ctx, struct tls_connection *conn,
+	tls_session_ticket_cb cb, void *ctx)
+{
+	if (!(conn->tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_SESSION_TICKET)) {
+		/* (EAP-FAST and EAP-TEAP) */
+		conn->session_ticket_cb = cb;
+		conn->session_ticket_cb_ctx = ctx;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+int tls_get_library_version(char *buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+  #ifndef MBEDTLS_VERSION_C
+	const char * const ver = "n/a";
+  #else
+	char ver[9];
+	mbedtls_version_get_string(ver);
+  #endif
+	return os_snprintf(buf, buf_len,
+	                   "mbed TLS build=" MBEDTLS_VERSION_STRING " run=%s", ver);
+}
+
+
+void tls_connection_set_success_data(struct tls_connection *conn,
+				     struct wpabuf *data)
+{
+	wpabuf_free(conn->success_data);
+	conn->success_data = data;
+}
+
+
+void tls_connection_set_success_data_resumed(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+}
+
+
+const struct wpabuf *
+tls_connection_get_success_data(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	return conn->success_data;
+}
+
+
+void tls_connection_remove_session(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_TEAP
+int tls_get_tls_unique(struct tls_connection *conn, u8 *buf, size_t max_len)
+{
+  #if defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_RENEGOTIATION) /* XXX: renegotiation or resumption? */
+	/* data from TLS handshake Finished message */
+	size_t verify_len = conn->ssl.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(verify_data_len);
+	char *verify_data = (conn->is_server ^ conn->resumed)
+	  ? conn->ssl.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(peer_verify_data)
+	  : conn->ssl.MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(own_verify_data);
+	if (verify_len && verify_len <= max_len) {
+		os_memcpy(buf, verify_data, verify_len);
+		return (int)verify_len;
+	}
+  #endif
+	return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static void tls_mbedtls_set_peer_subject(struct tls_connection *conn, const mbedtls_x509_crt *crt)
+{
+	if (conn->peer_subject)
+		return;
+	char buf[MBEDTLS_X509_MAX_DN_NAME_SIZE*2];
+	int buflen = mbedtls_x509_dn_gets(buf, sizeof(buf), &crt->subject);
+	if (buflen >= 0 && (conn->peer_subject = os_malloc((size_t)buflen+1)))
+		os_memcpy(conn->peer_subject, buf, (size_t)buflen+1);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_TEAP
+const char * tls_connection_get_peer_subject(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	if (!conn)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!conn->peer_subject) { /*(if not set during cert verify)*/
+		const mbedtls_x509_crt *peer_cert =
+		  mbedtls_ssl_get_peer_cert(&conn->ssl);
+		if (peer_cert)
+			tls_mbedtls_set_peer_subject(conn, peer_cert);
+	}
+	return conn->peer_subject;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_EAP_TEAP
+bool tls_connection_get_own_cert_used(struct tls_connection *conn)
+{
+	/* XXX: availability of cert does not necessary mean that client
+	 * received certificate request from server and then sent cert.
+	 * ? step handshake in tls_connection_handshake() looking for
+	 *   MBEDTLS_SSL_CERTIFICATE_REQUEST ? */
+	const struct tls_conf * const tls_conf = conn->tls_conf;
+	return (tls_conf->has_client_cert && tls_conf->has_private_key);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_FIPS)
+#define TLS_MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FIPS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_SHA256)
+#define TLS_MBEDTLS_TLS_PRF_SHA256
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_SHA384)
+#define TLS_MBEDTLS_TLS_PRF_SHA384
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef TLS_MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FIPS
+#if defined(CONFIG_MODULE_TESTS)
+/* unused with CONFIG_TLS=mbedtls except in crypto_module_tests.c */
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */ \
+ && MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER <  0x03000000 /* mbedtls 3.0.0 */
+/* sha1-tlsprf.c */
+#include "sha1.h"
+int tls_prf_sha1_md5(const u8 *secret, size_t secret_len, const char *label,
+		     const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len, u8 *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf(MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_PRF_TLS1,
+				   secret, secret_len, label,
+				   seed, seed_len, out, outlen) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+#else
+#include "sha1-tlsprf.c" /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_TLS_PRF_SHA256
+/* sha256-tlsprf.c */
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+#include "sha256.h"
+int tls_prf_sha256(const u8 *secret, size_t secret_len, const char *label,
+		   const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len, u8 *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf(MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_PRF_SHA256,
+				   secret, secret_len, label,
+				   seed, seed_len, out, outlen) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+#else
+#include "sha256-tlsprf.c" /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TLS_MBEDTLS_TLS_PRF_SHA384
+/* sha384-tlsprf.c */
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x02120000 /* mbedtls 2.18.0 */
+#include "sha384.h"
+int tls_prf_sha384(const u8 *secret, size_t secret_len, const char *label,
+		   const u8 *seed, size_t seed_len, u8 *out, size_t outlen)
+{
+	return mbedtls_ssl_tls_prf(MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS_PRF_SHA384,
+				   secret, secret_len, label,
+				   seed, seed_len, out, outlen) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+#else
+#include "sha384-tlsprf.c" /* pull in hostap local implementation */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+#if MBEDTLS_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x03020000 /* mbedtls 3.2.0 */
+#define mbedtls_x509_crt_has_ext_type(crt, ext_type) \
+        ((crt)->MBEDTLS_PRIVATE(ext_types) & (ext_type))
+#endif
+
+struct mlist { const char *p; size_t n; };
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_match_altsubject(mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, const char *match)
+{
+	/* RFE: this could be pre-parsed into structured data at config time */
+	struct mlist list[256]; /*(much larger than expected)*/
+	int nlist = 0;
+	if (   os_strncmp(match, "EMAIL:", 6) != 0
+	    && os_strncmp(match, "DNS:",   4) != 0
+	    && os_strncmp(match, "URI:",   4) != 0   ) {
+		wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "MTLS: Invalid altSubjectName match '%s'", match);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	for (const char *s = match, *tok; *s; s = tok ? tok+1 : "") {
+		do { } while ((tok = os_strchr(s, ';'))
+		              && os_strncmp(tok+1, "EMAIL:", 6) != 0
+		              && os_strncmp(tok+1, "DNS:",   4) != 0
+		              && os_strncmp(tok+1, "URI:",   4) != 0);
+		list[nlist].p = s;
+		list[nlist].n = tok ? (size_t)(tok - s) : os_strlen(s);
+		if (list[nlist].n && ++nlist == sizeof(list)/sizeof(*list)) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "MTLS: excessive altSubjectName match '%s'",
+			           match);
+			break; /* truncate huge list and continue */
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!mbedtls_x509_crt_has_ext_type(crt, MBEDTLS_X509_EXT_SUBJECT_ALT_NAME))
+		return 0;
+
+	const mbedtls_x509_sequence *cur = &crt->subject_alt_names;
+	for (; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
+		const unsigned char san_type = (unsigned char)cur->buf.tag
+		                             & MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_VALUE_MASK;
+		char t;
+		size_t step = 4;
+		switch (san_type) {             /* "EMAIL:" or "DNS:" or "URI:" */
+		case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_RFC822_NAME:       step = 6; t = 'E'; break;
+		case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_DNS_NAME:                    t = 'D'; break;
+		case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_UNIFORM_RESOURCE_IDENTIFIER: t = 'U'; break;
+		default: continue;
+		}
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < nlist; ++i) {
+			/* step over "EMAIL:" or "DNS:" or "URI:" in list[i].p */
+			/* Note: v is not '\0'-terminated, but is a known length vlen,
+			 * so okay to pass to os_strncasecmp() even though not z-string */
+			if (cur->buf.len == list[i].n - step && t == *list[i].p
+			    && 0 == os_strncasecmp((char *)cur->buf.p,
+			                           list[i].p+step, cur->buf.len)) {
+				return 1; /* match */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0; /* no match */
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_match_suffix(const char *v, size_t vlen,
+                         const struct mlist *list, int nlist, int full)
+{
+	/* Note: v is not '\0'-terminated, but is a known length vlen,
+	 * so okay to pass to os_strncasecmp() even though not z-string */
+	for (int i = 0; i < nlist; ++i) {
+		size_t n = list[i].n;
+		if ((n == vlen || (n < vlen && v[vlen-n-1] == '.' && !full))
+		    && 0 == os_strncasecmp(v+vlen-n, list[i].p, n))
+			return 1; /* match */
+	}
+	return 0; /* no match */
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_match_suffixes(mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, const char *match, int full)
+{
+	/* RFE: this could be pre-parsed into structured data at config time */
+	struct mlist list[256]; /*(much larger than expected)*/
+	int nlist = 0;
+	for (const char *s = match, *tok; *s; s = tok ? tok+1 : "") {
+		tok = os_strchr(s, ';');
+		list[nlist].p = s;
+		list[nlist].n = tok ? (size_t)(tok - s) : os_strlen(s);
+		if (list[nlist].n && ++nlist == sizeof(list)/sizeof(*list)) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO, "MTLS: excessive suffix match '%s'", match);
+			break; /* truncate huge list and continue */
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* check subjectAltNames */
+	if (mbedtls_x509_crt_has_ext_type(crt, MBEDTLS_X509_EXT_SUBJECT_ALT_NAME)) {
+		const mbedtls_x509_sequence *cur = &crt->subject_alt_names;
+		for (; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
+			const unsigned char san_type = (unsigned char)cur->buf.tag
+			                             & MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_VALUE_MASK;
+			if (san_type == MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_DNS_NAME
+			    && tls_mbedtls_match_suffix((char *)cur->buf.p,
+			                                cur->buf.len,
+			                                list, nlist, full)) {
+				return 1; /* match */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* check subject CN */
+	const mbedtls_x509_name *name = &crt->subject;
+	for (; name != NULL; name = name->next) {
+		if (name->oid.p && MBEDTLS_OID_CMP(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_CN, &name->oid) == 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (name && tls_mbedtls_match_suffix((char *)name->val.p, name->val.len,
+	                                     list, nlist, full)) {
+		return 1; /* match */
+	}
+
+	return 0; /* no match */
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_match_dn_field(mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, const char *match)
+{
+	/* RFE: this could be pre-parsed into structured data at config time */
+	struct mlistoid { const char *p; size_t n;
+	                  const char *oid; size_t olen;
+	                  int prefix; };
+	struct mlistoid list[32]; /*(much larger than expected)*/
+	int nlist = 0;
+	for (const char *s = match, *tok, *e; *s; s = tok ? tok+1 : "") {
+		tok = os_strchr(s, '/');
+		list[nlist].oid = NULL;
+		list[nlist].olen = 0;
+		list[nlist].n = tok ? (size_t)(tok - s) : os_strlen(s);
+		e = memchr(s, '=', list[nlist].n);
+		if (e == NULL) {
+			if (list[nlist].n == 0)
+				continue; /* skip consecutive, repeated '/' */
+			if (list[nlist].n == 1 && *s == '*') {
+				/* special-case "*" to match any OID and value */
+				s = e = "=*";
+				list[nlist].n = 2;
+				list[nlist].oid = "";
+			}
+			else {
+				wpa_printf(MSG_INFO,
+				           "MTLS: invalid check_cert_subject '%s' missing '='",
+				           match);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+		switch (e - s) {
+		case 1:
+			if (*s == 'C') {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_AT_COUNTRY;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_COUNTRY)-1;
+			}
+			else if (*s == 'L') {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_AT_LOCALITY;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_LOCALITY)-1;
+			}
+			else if (*s == 'O') {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_AT_ORGANIZATION;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_ORGANIZATION)-1;
+			}
+			break;
+		case 2:
+			if (s[0] == 'C' && s[1] == 'N') {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_AT_CN;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_CN)-1;
+			}
+			else if (s[0] == 'S' && s[1] == 'T') {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_AT_STATE;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_STATE)-1;
+			}
+			else if (s[0] == 'O' && s[1] == 'U') {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_AT_ORG_UNIT;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_AT_ORG_UNIT)-1;
+			}
+			break;
+		case 12:
+			if (os_memcmp(s, "emailAddress", 12) == 0) {
+				list[nlist].oid  = MBEDTLS_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL;
+				list[nlist].olen = sizeof(MBEDTLS_OID_PKCS9_EMAIL)-1;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		if (list[nlist].oid == NULL) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO,
+			           "MTLS: Unknown field in check_cert_subject '%s'",
+			           match);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		list[nlist].n -= (size_t)(++e - s);
+		list[nlist].p = e;
+		if (list[nlist].n && e[list[nlist].n-1] == '*') {
+			--list[nlist].n;
+			list[nlist].prefix = 1;
+		}
+		/*(could easily add support for suffix matches if value begins with '*',
+		 * but suffix match is not currently supported by other TLS modules)*/
+
+		if (list[nlist].n && ++nlist == sizeof(list)/sizeof(*list)) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_INFO,
+			           "MTLS: excessive check_cert_subject match '%s'",
+			           match);
+			break; /* truncate huge list and continue */
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* each component in match string must match cert Subject in order listed
+	 * The behavior below preserves ordering but is slightly different than
+	 * the grossly inefficient contortions implemented in tls_openssl.c */
+	const mbedtls_x509_name *name = &crt->subject;
+	for (int i = 0; i < nlist; ++i) {
+		int found = 0;
+		for (; name != NULL && !found; name = name->next) {
+			if (!name->oid.p)
+				continue;
+			/* special-case "*" to match any OID and value */
+			if (list[i].olen == 0) {
+				found = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* perform equalent of !MBEDTLS_OID_CMP() with oid ptr and len */
+			if (list[i].olen != name->oid.len
+			    || os_memcmp(list[i].oid, name->oid.p, name->oid.len) != 0)
+				continue;
+			/* Note: v is not '\0'-terminated, but is a known length vlen,
+			 * so okay to pass to os_strncasecmp() even though not z-string */
+			if ((list[i].prefix
+			      ? list[i].n <= name->val.len  /* prefix match */
+			      : list[i].n == name->val.len) /* full match */
+			    && 0 == os_strncasecmp((char *)name->val.p,
+			                           list[i].p, list[i].n)) {
+				found = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!found)
+			return 0; /* no match */
+	}
+	return 1; /* match */
+}
+
+
+__attribute_cold__
+static void
+tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event (mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, int depth,
+                               const char *errmsg, enum tls_fail_reason reason)
+{
+	struct tls_config *init_conf = &tls_ctx_global.init_conf;
+	if (init_conf->event_cb == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	struct wpabuf *certbuf = wpabuf_alloc_copy(crt->raw.p, crt->raw.len);
+	char subject[MBEDTLS_X509_MAX_DN_NAME_SIZE*2];
+	if (mbedtls_x509_dn_gets(subject, sizeof(subject), &crt->subject) < 0)
+		subject[0] = '\0';
+	union tls_event_data ev;
+	os_memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
+	ev.cert_fail.reason = reason;
+	ev.cert_fail.depth = depth;
+	ev.cert_fail.subject = subject;
+	ev.cert_fail.reason_txt = errmsg;
+	ev.cert_fail.cert = certbuf;
+
+	init_conf->event_cb(init_conf->cb_ctx, TLS_CERT_CHAIN_FAILURE, &ev);
+
+	wpabuf_free(certbuf);
+}
+
+
+__attribute_noinline__
+static void
+tls_mbedtls_verify_cert_event (struct tls_connection *conn,
+                               mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, int depth)
+{
+	struct tls_config *init_conf = &tls_ctx_global.init_conf;
+	if (init_conf->event_cb == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	struct wpabuf *certbuf = NULL;
+	union tls_event_data ev;
+	os_memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
+
+  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+	u8 hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
+	const u8 *addr[] = { (u8 *)crt->raw.p };
+	if (sha256_vector(1, addr, &crt->raw.len, hash) == 0) {
+		ev.peer_cert.hash = hash;
+		ev.peer_cert.hash_len = sizeof(hash);
+	}
+  #endif
+	ev.peer_cert.depth = depth;
+	char subject[MBEDTLS_X509_MAX_DN_NAME_SIZE*2];
+	if (depth == 0)
+		ev.peer_cert.subject = conn->peer_subject;
+	if (ev.peer_cert.subject == NULL) {
+		ev.peer_cert.subject = subject;
+		if (mbedtls_x509_dn_gets(subject, sizeof(subject), &crt->subject) < 0)
+			subject[0] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	char serial_num[128+1];
+	ev.peer_cert.serial_num =
+	  tls_mbedtls_peer_serial_num(crt, serial_num, sizeof(serial_num));
+
+	const mbedtls_x509_sequence *cur;
+
+	cur = NULL;
+	if (mbedtls_x509_crt_has_ext_type(crt, MBEDTLS_X509_EXT_SUBJECT_ALT_NAME))
+		cur = &crt->subject_alt_names;
+	for (; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
+		const unsigned char san_type = (unsigned char)cur->buf.tag
+		                             & MBEDTLS_ASN1_TAG_VALUE_MASK;
+		size_t prelen = 4;
+		const char *pre;
+		switch (san_type) {
+		case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_RFC822_NAME:     prelen = 6; pre = "EMAIL:";break;
+		case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_DNS_NAME:                    pre = "DNS:";  break;
+		case MBEDTLS_X509_SAN_UNIFORM_RESOURCE_IDENTIFIER: pre = "URI:";  break;
+		default: continue;
+		}
+
+		char *pos = os_malloc(prelen + cur->buf.len + 1);
+		if (pos == NULL)
+			break;
+		ev.peer_cert.altsubject[ev.peer_cert.num_altsubject] = pos;
+		os_memcpy(pos, pre, prelen);
+		/* data should be properly backslash-escaped if needed,
+		 * so code below does not re-escape, but does replace CTLs */
+		/*os_memcpy(pos+prelen, cur->buf.p, cur->buf.len);*/
+		/*pos[prelen+cur->buf.len] = '\0';*/
+		pos += prelen;
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < cur->buf.len; ++i) {
+			unsigned char c = cur->buf.p[i];
+			*pos++ = (c >= 32 && c != 127) ? c : '?';
+		}
+		*pos = '\0';
+
+		if (++ev.peer_cert.num_altsubject == TLS_MAX_ALT_SUBJECT)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	cur = NULL;
+	if (mbedtls_x509_crt_has_ext_type(crt, MBEDTLS_X509_EXT_CERTIFICATE_POLICIES))
+		cur = &crt->certificate_policies;
+	for (; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
+		if (cur->buf.len != 11) /* len of OID_TOD_STRICT or OID_TOD_TOFU */
+			continue;
+		/* TOD-STRICT "1.3.6.1.4.1.40808.1.3.1" */
+		/* TOD-TOFU   "1.3.6.1.4.1.40808.1.3.2" */
+		#define OID_TOD_STRICT "\x2b\x06\x01\x04\x01\x82\xbe\x68\x01\x03\x01"
+		#define OID_TOD_TOFU   "\x2b\x06\x01\x04\x01\x82\xbe\x68\x01\x03\x02"
+		if (os_memcmp(cur->buf.p,
+		              OID_TOD_STRICT, sizeof(OID_TOD_STRICT)-1) == 0) {
+			ev.peer_cert.tod = 1; /* TOD-STRICT */
+			break;
+		}
+		if (os_memcmp(cur->buf.p,
+		              OID_TOD_TOFU, sizeof(OID_TOD_TOFU)-1) == 0) {
+			ev.peer_cert.tod = 2; /* TOD-TOFU */
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	struct tls_conf *tls_conf = conn->tls_conf;
+	if (tls_conf->ca_cert_probe || (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_EXT_CERT_CHECK)
+	    || init_conf->cert_in_cb) {
+		certbuf = wpabuf_alloc_copy(crt->raw.p, crt->raw.len);
+		ev.peer_cert.cert = certbuf;
+	}
+
+	init_conf->event_cb(init_conf->cb_ctx, TLS_PEER_CERTIFICATE, &ev);
+
+	wpabuf_free(certbuf);
+	char **altsubject;
+	*(const char ***)&altsubject = ev.peer_cert.altsubject;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < ev.peer_cert.num_altsubject; ++i)
+		os_free(altsubject[i]);
+}
+
+
+static int
+tls_mbedtls_verify_cb (void *arg, mbedtls_x509_crt *crt, int depth, uint32_t *flags)
+{
+	/* XXX: N.B. verify code not carefully tested besides hwsim tests
+	 *
+	 * RFE: mbedtls_x509_crt_verify_info() and enhance log trace messages
+	 * RFE: review and add support for additional TLS_CONN_* flags
+	 * not handling OCSP (not available in mbedtls)
+	 * ... */
+
+	struct tls_connection *conn = (struct tls_connection *)arg;
+	struct tls_conf *tls_conf = conn->tls_conf;
+	uint32_t flags_in = *flags;
+
+	if (depth > 8) { /*(depth 8 picked as arbitrary limit)*/
+		emsg(MSG_WARNING, "client cert chain too long");
+		*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_OTHER; /* cert chain too long */
+		tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                      "client cert chain too long",
+		                              TLS_FAIL_BAD_CERTIFICATE);
+	}
+	else if (tls_conf->verify_depth0_only) {
+		if (depth > 0)
+			*flags = 0;
+		else {
+		  #ifdef MBEDTLS_SHA256_C
+			u8 hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
+			const u8 *addr[] = { (u8 *)crt->raw.p };
+			if (sha256_vector(1, addr, &crt->raw.len, hash) < 0
+			    || os_memcmp(tls_conf->ca_cert_hash, hash, sizeof(hash)) != 0) {
+				*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_NOT_TRUSTED;
+				tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                                      "cert hash mismatch",
+				                              TLS_FAIL_UNTRUSTED);
+			}
+			else /* hash matches; ignore other issues *except* if revoked)*/
+				*flags &= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_REVOKED;
+		  #endif
+		}
+	}
+	else if (depth == 0) {
+		if (!conn->peer_subject)
+			tls_mbedtls_set_peer_subject(conn, crt);
+		/*(use same labels to tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event() as used in
+		 * other TLS modules so that hwsim tests find exact string match)*/
+		if (!conn->peer_subject) { /* error copying subject string */
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_OTHER;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "internal error",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_UNSPECIFIED);
+		}
+		/*(use os_strstr() for subject match as is done in tls_mbedtls.c
+		 * to follow the same behavior, even though a suffix match would
+		 * make more sense.  Also, note that strstr match does not
+		 * normalize whitespace (between components) for comparison)*/
+		else if (tls_conf->subject_match
+		         && os_strstr(conn->peer_subject,
+		                      tls_conf->subject_match) == NULL) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_WARNING,
+			           "MTLS: Subject '%s' did not match with '%s'",
+			           conn->peer_subject, tls_conf->subject_match);
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_CN_MISMATCH;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "Subject mismatch",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_SUBJECT_MISMATCH);
+		}
+		if (tls_conf->altsubject_match
+		    && !tls_mbedtls_match_altsubject(crt, tls_conf->altsubject_match)) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_WARNING,
+				   "MTLS: altSubjectName match '%s' not found",
+			           tls_conf->altsubject_match);
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_CN_MISMATCH;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "AltSubject mismatch",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_ALTSUBJECT_MISMATCH);
+		}
+		if (tls_conf->suffix_match
+		    && !tls_mbedtls_match_suffixes(crt, tls_conf->suffix_match, 0)) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_WARNING,
+			           "MTLS: Domain suffix match '%s' not found",
+				   tls_conf->suffix_match);
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_CN_MISMATCH;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "Domain suffix mismatch",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_DOMAIN_SUFFIX_MISMATCH);
+		}
+		if (tls_conf->domain_match
+		    && !tls_mbedtls_match_suffixes(crt, tls_conf->domain_match, 1)) {
+			wpa_printf(MSG_WARNING,
+			           "MTLS: Domain match '%s' not found",
+				   tls_conf->domain_match);
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_CN_MISMATCH;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "Domain mismatch",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_DOMAIN_MISMATCH);
+		}
+		if (tls_conf->check_cert_subject
+		    && !tls_mbedtls_match_dn_field(crt, tls_conf->check_cert_subject)) {
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_CN_MISMATCH;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "Distinguished Name",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_DN_MISMATCH);
+		}
+		if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_SUITEB) {
+			/* check RSA modulus size (public key bitlen) */
+			const mbedtls_pk_type_t pk_alg = mbedtls_pk_get_type(&crt->pk);
+			if ((pk_alg == MBEDTLS_PK_RSA || pk_alg == MBEDTLS_PK_RSASSA_PSS)
+			    && mbedtls_pk_get_bitlen(&crt->pk) < 3072) {
+				/* hwsim suite_b RSA tests expect 3072
+				 *   suite_b_192_rsa_ecdhe_radius_rsa2048_client
+				 *   suite_b_192_rsa_dhe_radius_rsa2048_client */
+				*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_BAD_KEY;
+				tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+				                              "Insufficient RSA modulus size",
+				                              TLS_FAIL_INSUFFICIENT_KEY_LEN);
+			}
+		}
+		if (tls_conf->check_crl && tls_conf->crl == NULL) {
+			/* see tests/hwsim test_ap_eap.py ap_wpa2_eap_tls_check_crl */
+			emsg(MSG_WARNING, "check_crl set but no CRL loaded; reject all?");
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_OTHER;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+				                      "check_crl set but no CRL loaded; "
+			                              "reject all?",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_BAD_CERTIFICATE);
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		if (tls_conf->check_crl != 2) /* 2 == verify CRLs for all certs */
+			*flags &= ~MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_REVOKED;
+	}
+
+	if (!tls_conf->check_crl_strict) {
+		*flags &= ~MBEDTLS_X509_BADCRL_EXPIRED;
+		*flags &= ~MBEDTLS_X509_BADCRL_FUTURE;
+	}
+
+	if (tls_conf->flags & TLS_CONN_DISABLE_TIME_CHECKS) {
+		*flags &= ~MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_EXPIRED;
+		*flags &= ~MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_FUTURE;
+	}
+
+	tls_mbedtls_verify_cert_event(conn, crt, depth);
+
+	if (*flags) {
+		if (*flags & (MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_NOT_TRUSTED
+		             |MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_CN_MISMATCH
+		             |MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_REVOKED)) {
+			emsg(MSG_WARNING, "client cert not trusted");
+		}
+		/* report event if flags set but no additional flags set above */
+		/* (could translate flags to more detailed TLS_FAIL_* if needed) */
+		if (!(*flags & ~flags_in)) {
+			enum tls_fail_reason reason = TLS_FAIL_UNSPECIFIED;
+			const char *errmsg = "cert verify fail unspecified";
+			if (*flags & MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_NOT_TRUSTED) {
+				reason = TLS_FAIL_UNTRUSTED;
+				errmsg = "certificate not trusted";
+			}
+			if (*flags & MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_REVOKED) {
+				reason = TLS_FAIL_REVOKED;
+				errmsg = "certificate has been revoked";
+			}
+			if (*flags & MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_FUTURE) {
+				reason = TLS_FAIL_NOT_YET_VALID;
+				errmsg = "certificate not yet valid";
+			}
+			if (*flags & MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_EXPIRED) {
+				reason = TLS_FAIL_EXPIRED;
+				errmsg = "certificate has expired";
+			}
+			if (*flags & MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_BAD_MD) {
+				reason = TLS_FAIL_BAD_CERTIFICATE;
+				errmsg = "certificate uses insecure algorithm";
+			}
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth, errmsg, reason);
+		}
+	  #if 0
+		/* ??? send (again) cert events for all certs in chain ???
+		 * (should already have been called for greater depths) */
+		/* tls_openssl.c:tls_verify_cb() sends cert events for all certs
+		 * in chain if certificate validation fails, but sends all events
+		 * with depth set to 0 (might be a bug) */
+		if (depth > 0) {
+			int pdepth = depth + 1;
+			for (mbedtls_x509_crt *pcrt; (pcrt = crt->next); ++pdepth) {
+				tls_mbedtls_verify_cert_event(conn, pcrt, pdepth);
+			}
+		}
+	  #endif
+		/*(do not preserve subject if verification failed but was optional)*/
+		if (depth == 0 && conn->peer_subject) {
+			os_free(conn->peer_subject);
+			conn->peer_subject = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (depth == 0) {
+		struct tls_config *init_conf = &tls_ctx_global.init_conf;
+		if (tls_conf->ca_cert_probe) {
+			/* reject server certificate on probe-only run */
+			*flags |= MBEDTLS_X509_BADCERT_OTHER;
+			tls_mbedtls_verify_fail_event(crt, depth,
+			                              "server chain probe",
+			                              TLS_FAIL_SERVER_CHAIN_PROBE);
+		}
+		else if (init_conf->event_cb) {
+			/* ??? send event as soon as depth == 0 is verified ???
+			 * What about rest of chain?
+			 * Follows tls_mbedtls.c behavior: */
+			init_conf->event_cb(init_conf->cb_ctx,
+			                    TLS_CERT_CHAIN_SUCCESS, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/build/build-wpa_supplicant-mbedtls.config
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+CONFIG_TLS=mbedtls
+
+CONFIG_WPS=y
+CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y
+CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y
+
+CONFIG_EAP_PSK=y
+CONFIG_EAP_GPSK=y
+CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y
+CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y
+CONFIG_EAP_SAKE=y
+CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y
+CONFIG_EAP_FAST=y
+CONFIG_EAP_IKEV2=y
+
+CONFIG_SAE=y
+CONFIG_FILS=y
+CONFIG_FILS_SK_PFS=y
+CONFIG_OWE=y
+CONFIG_DPP=y
+CONFIG_SUITEB=y
+CONFIG_SUITEB192=y
+
+CFLAGS += -Werror
--- a/tests/hwsim/example-hostapd.config
+++ b/tests/hwsim/example-hostapd.config
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ CONFIG_DRIVER_NONE=y
 CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
 CONFIG_RSN_PREAUTH=y
 
+#CONFIG_TLS=mbedtls
 #CONFIG_TLS=internal
 #CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH=y
 #CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH_FAST=y
@@ -39,6 +40,9 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
 CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y
 endif
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
+CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y
+endif
 CONFIG_EAP_EKE=y
 CONFIG_PKCS12=y
 CONFIG_RADIUS_SERVER=y
--- a/tests/hwsim/example-wpa_supplicant.config
+++ b/tests/hwsim/example-wpa_supplicant.config
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 CONFIG_TLS=openssl
 #CONFIG_TLS=wolfssl
+#CONFIG_TLS=mbedtls
 #CONFIG_TLS=internal
 #CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH=y
 #CONFIG_INTERNAL_LIBTOMMATH_FAST=y
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
 CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y
 endif
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
+CONFIG_EAP_PWD=y
+endif
 
 CONFIG_USIM_SIMULATOR=y
 CONFIG_SIM_SIMULATOR=y
--- a/wpa_supplicant/Makefile
+++ b/wpa_supplicant/Makefile
@@ -1163,6 +1163,29 @@ endif
 CFLAGS += -DTLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS=\"$(CONFIG_TLS_DEFAULT_CIPHERS)\"
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
+ifndef CONFIG_CRYPTO
+CONFIG_CRYPTO=mbedtls
+endif
+ifdef TLS_FUNCS
+OBJS += ../src/crypto/tls_mbedtls.o
+LIBS += -lmbedtls -lmbedx509
+endif
+OBJS += ../src/crypto/crypto_$(CONFIG_CRYPTO).o
+OBJS_p += ../src/crypto/crypto_$(CONFIG_CRYPTO).o
+OBJS_priv += ../src/crypto/crypto_$(CONFIG_CRYPTO).o
+ifdef NEED_FIPS186_2_PRF
+OBJS += ../src/crypto/fips_prf_internal.o
+SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-internal.o
+endif
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_CRYPTO), mbedtls)
+LIBS += -lmbedcrypto
+LIBS_p += -lmbedcrypto
+# XXX: create a config option?
+CFLAGS += -DCRYPTO_RSA_OAEP_SHA256
+endif
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifndef CONFIG_CRYPTO
 # default to libgcrypt
@@ -1355,9 +1378,11 @@ endif
 
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 NEED_INTERNAL_AES_WRAP=y
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef CONFIG_OPENSSL_INTERNAL_AES_WRAP
 # Seems to be needed at least with BoringSSL
 NEED_INTERNAL_AES_WRAP=y
@@ -1371,9 +1396,11 @@ endif
 
 ifdef NEED_INTERNAL_AES_WRAP
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-unwrap.o
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_EAX
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-eax.o
 NEED_AES_CTR=y
@@ -1383,35 +1410,45 @@ AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-siv.o
 NEED_AES_CTR=y
 endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_CTR
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-ctr.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_ENCBLOCK
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-encblock.o
 endif
+endif
 NEED_AES_ENC=y
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-omac1.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_WRAP
 NEED_AES_ENC=y
 ifdef NEED_INTERNAL_AES_WRAP
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-wrap.o
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_CBC
 NEED_AES_ENC=y
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-cbc.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_AES_ENC
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_AES
 AESOBJS += ../src/crypto/aes-internal-enc.o
@@ -1426,12 +1463,16 @@ ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-prf.o
+endif
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA1
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-internal.o
 ifdef NEED_FIPS186_2_PRF
@@ -1443,29 +1484,37 @@ CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_NO_PBKDF2
 else
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-pbkdf2.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_T_PRF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-tprf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_TLS_PRF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA1OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha1-tlsprf.o
 endif
 endif
+endif
 
 ifndef CONFIG_FIPS
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 MD5OBJS += ../src/crypto/md5.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_MD5
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_MD5
 MD5OBJS += ../src/crypto/md5-internal.o
@@ -1520,12 +1569,17 @@ ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA256OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA256OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-prf.o
+endif
 ifdef CONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA256
 SHA256OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-internal.o
 endif
@@ -1538,50 +1592,68 @@ CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_INTERNAL_SHA512
 SHA256OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-internal.o
 endif
 ifdef NEED_TLS_PRF_SHA256
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA256OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-tlsprf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_TLS_PRF_SHA384
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 SHA256OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-tlsprf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_HMAC_SHA256_KDF
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_HMAC_SHA256_KDF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha256-kdf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_HMAC_SHA384_KDF
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_HMAC_SHA384_KDF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-kdf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_HMAC_SHA512_KDF
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_HMAC_SHA512_KDF
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-kdf.o
 endif
+endif
 OBJS += $(SHA256OBJS)
 ifdef NEED_SHA384
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SHA384
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha384-prf.o
 endif
+endif
 ifdef NEED_SHA512
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), linux)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), gnutls)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512.o
 endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_SHA512
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 OBJS += ../src/crypto/sha512-prf.o
 endif
+endif
 
 ifdef NEED_ASN1
 OBJS += ../src/tls/asn1.o
@@ -1756,10 +1828,12 @@ ifdef CONFIG_FIPS
 CFLAGS += -DCONFIG_FIPS
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), openssl)
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), wolfssl)
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_TLS), mbedtls)
 $(error CONFIG_FIPS=y requires CONFIG_TLS=openssl)
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 
 OBJS += $(SHA1OBJS) $(DESOBJS)
 
--- a/wpa_supplicant/defconfig
+++ b/wpa_supplicant/defconfig
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 # to override previous values of the variables.
 
 
-# Uncomment following two lines and fix the paths if you have installed OpenSSL
-# or GnuTLS in non-default location
+# Uncomment following two lines and fix the paths if you have installed TLS
+# libraries in a non-default location
 #CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/openssl/include
 #LIBS += -L/usr/local/openssl/lib
 
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 # used to fix build issues on such systems (krb5.h not found).
 #CFLAGS += -I/usr/include/kerberos
 
+
 # Driver interface for generic Linux wireless extensions
 # Note: WEXT is deprecated in the current Linux kernel version and no new
 # functionality is added to it. nl80211-based interface is the new
@@ -326,6 +327,7 @@ CONFIG_BACKEND=file
 # openssl = OpenSSL (default)
 # gnutls = GnuTLS
 # internal = Internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
+# mbedtls = mbed TLS
 # linux = Linux kernel AF_ALG and internal TLSv1 implementation (experimental)
 # none = Empty template
 #CONFIG_TLS=openssl