verilog: significant block scoping improvements

This change set contains a number of bug fixes and improvements related to
scoping and resolution in generate and procedural blocks. While many of the
frontend changes are interdependent, it may be possible bring the techmap
changes in under a separate PR.

Declarations within unnamed generate blocks previously encountered issues
because the data declarations were left un-prefixed, breaking proper scoping.
The LRM outlines behavior for generating names for unnamed generate blocks. The
original goal was to add this implicit labelling, but doing so exposed a number
of issues downstream. Additional testing highlighted other closely related scope
resolution issues, which have been fixed. This change also adds support for
block item declarations within unnamed blocks in SystemVerilog mode.

1. Unlabled generate blocks are now implicitly named according to the LRM in
   `label_genblks`, which is invoked at the beginning of module elaboration
2. The Verilog parser no longer wraps explicitly named generate blocks in a
   synthetic unnamed generate block to avoid creating extra hierarchy levels
   where they should not exist
3. The techmap phase now allows special control identifiers to be used outside
   of the topmost scope, which is necessary because such wires and cells often
   appear in unlabeled generate blocks, which now prefix the declarations within
4. Some techlibs required modifications because they relied on the previous
   invalid scope resolution behavior
5. `expand_genblock` has been simplified, now only expanding the outermost
   scope, completely deferring the inspection and elaboration of nested scopes;
   names are now resolved by looking in the innermost scope and stepping outward
6. Loop variables now always become localparams during unrolling, allowing them
   to be resolved and shadowed like any other identifier
7. Identifiers in synthetic function call scopes are now prefixed and resolved
   in largely the same manner as other blocks
     before: `$func$\func_01$tests/simple/scopes.blk.v:60$5$\blk\x`
      after: `\func_01$func$tests/simple/scopes.v:60$5.blk.x`
8. Support identifiers referencing a local generate scope nested more
   than 1 level deep, i.e. `B.C.x` while within generate scope `A`, or using a
   prefix of a current or parent scope, i.e. `B.C.D.x` while in `A.B`, `A.B.C`,
   or `A.B.C.D`
9. Variables can now be declared within unnamed blocks in SystemVerilog mode

Addresses the following issues: 656, 2423, 2493

12 files changed, 312 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/simple/func_block.v b/tests/simple/func_block.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be759d1a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/func_block.v
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+`default_nettype none
+
+module top(inp, out1, out2, out3);
+	input wire [31:0] inp;
+
+	function automatic [31:0] func1;
+		input [31:0] inp;
+		reg [31:0] idx;
+		for (idx = 0; idx < 32; idx = idx + 1) begin : blk
+			func1[idx] = (idx & 1'b1) ^ inp[idx];
+		end
+	endfunction
+
+	function automatic [31:0] func2;
+		input [31:0] inp;
+		reg [31:0] idx;
+		for (idx = 0; idx < 32; idx = idx + 1) begin : blk
+			func2[idx] = (idx & 1'b1) ^ inp[idx];
+		end
+	endfunction
+
+	function automatic [31:0] func3;
+		localparam A = 32 - 1;
+		parameter B = 1 - 0;
+		input [31:0] inp;
+		func3[A:B] = inp[A:B];
+	endfunction
+
+	output wire [31:0] out1, out2, out3;
+	assign out1 = func1(inp);
+	assign out2 = func2(inp);
+	assign out3 = func3(inp);
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/func_recurse.v b/tests/simple/func_recurse.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d61c8cc06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/func_recurse.v
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module top(
+	input wire [3:0] inp,
+	output wire [3:0] out1, out2
+);
+	function automatic [3:0] pow_a;
+		input [3:0] base, exp;
+		begin
+			pow_a = 1;
+			if (exp > 0)
+				pow_a = base * pow_a(base, exp - 1);
+		end
+	endfunction
+
+	function automatic [3:0] pow_b;
+		input [3:0] base, exp;
+		begin
+			pow_b = 1;
+			if (exp > 0)
+				pow_b = base * pow_b(base, exp - 1);
+		end
+	endfunction
+
+	assign out1 = pow_a(inp, 3);
+	assign out2 = pow_b(2, 2);
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/func_width_scope.v b/tests/simple/func_width_scope.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce81e894e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/func_width_scope.v
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+module top(inp, out1, out2);
+	input wire signed inp;
+
+	localparam WIDTH_A = 5;
+	function automatic [WIDTH_A-1:0] func1;
+		input reg [WIDTH_A-1:0] inp;
+		func1 = ~inp;
+	endfunction
+	wire [func1(0)-1:0] xc;
+	assign xc = 1'sb1;
+	wire [WIDTH_A-1:0] xn;
+	assign xn = func1(inp);
+
+	generate
+		if (1) begin : blk
+			localparam WIDTH_A = 6;
+			function automatic [WIDTH_A-1:0] func2;
+				input reg [WIDTH_A-1:0] inp;
+				func2 = ~inp;
+			endfunction
+			wire [func2(0)-1:0] yc;
+			assign yc = 1'sb1;
+			wire [WIDTH_A-1:0] yn;
+			assign yn = func2(inp);
+
+			localparam WIDTH_B = 7;
+			function automatic [WIDTH_B-1:0] func3;
+				input reg [WIDTH_B-1:0] inp;
+				func3 = ~inp;
+			endfunction
+			wire [func3(0)-1:0] zc;
+			assign zc = 1'sb1;
+			wire [WIDTH_B-1:0] zn;
+			assign zn = func3(inp);
+		end
+	endgenerate
+
+	output wire [1023:0] out1, out2;
+	assign out1 = {xc, 1'b0, blk.yc, 1'b0, blk.zc};
+	assign out2 = {xn, 1'b0, blk.yn, 1'b0, blk.zn};
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/genblk_collide.v b/tests/simple/genblk_collide.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f42dd2cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/genblk_collide.v
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+`default_nettype none
+
+module top1;
+	generate
+		if (1) begin : foo
+			if (1) begin : bar
+				wire x;
+			end
+			assign bar.x = 1;
+			wire y;
+		end
+	endgenerate
+endmodule
+
+module top2;
+	genvar i;
+	generate
+		if (1) begin : foo
+			wire x;
+			for (i = 0; i < 1; i = i + 1) begin : foo
+				if (1) begin : foo
+					assign x = 1;
+				end
+			end
+		end
+	endgenerate
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/genblk_dive.v b/tests/simple/genblk_dive.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98d0e1f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/genblk_dive.v
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+`default_nettype none
+module top(output wire x);
+	generate
+		if (1) begin : Z
+			if (1) begin : A
+				wire x;
+				if (1) begin : B
+					wire x;
+					if (1) begin : C
+						wire x;
+						assign B.x = 0;
+						wire z = A.B.C.x;
+					end
+					assign A.x = A.B.C.x;
+				end
+				assign B.C.x = B.x;
+			end
+		end
+	endgenerate
+	assign x = Z.A.x;
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/genblk_order.v b/tests/simple/genblk_order.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c3a7a756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/genblk_order.v
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+`default_nettype none
+module top(
+	output wire out1,
+	output wire out2
+);
+	generate
+		if (1) begin : outer
+			if (1) begin : foo
+				wire x = 0;
+				if (1) begin : foo
+					wire x = 1;
+					assign out1 = foo.x;
+				end
+				assign out2 = foo.x;
+			end
+		end
+	endgenerate
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/generate.v b/tests/simple/generate.v
index 12327b36e..ac4dd81a8 100644
--- a/tests/simple/generate.v
+++ b/tests/simple/generate.v
@@ -260,3 +260,66 @@ module gen_test8;
 	`ASSERT(gen_test8.A.C.x == 1)
 	`ASSERT(gen_test8.A.B.x == 0)
 endmodule
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+
+module gen_test9;
+
+// `define VERIFY
+`ifdef VERIFY
+	`define ASSERT(expr) assert property (expr);
+`else
+	`define ASSERT(expr)
+`endif
+
+	wire [1:0] w = 2'b11;
+	generate
+		begin : A
+			wire [1:0] x;
+			begin : B
+				wire [1:0] y = 2'b00;
+				`ASSERT(w == 3)
+				`ASSERT(x == 2)
+				`ASSERT(y == 0)
+				`ASSERT(A.x == 2)
+				`ASSERT(A.C.z == 1)
+				`ASSERT(A.B.y == 0)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.w == 3)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.x == 2)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.C.z == 1)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.B.y == 0)
+			end
+			begin : C
+				wire [1:0] z = 2'b01;
+				`ASSERT(w == 3)
+				`ASSERT(x == 2)
+				`ASSERT(z == 1)
+				`ASSERT(A.x == 2)
+				`ASSERT(A.C.z == 1)
+				`ASSERT(A.B.y == 0)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.w == 3)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.x == 2)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.C.z == 1)
+				`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.B.y == 0)
+			end
+			assign x = B.y ^ 2'b11 ^ C.z;
+			`ASSERT(x == 2)
+			`ASSERT(A.x == 2)
+			`ASSERT(A.C.z == 1)
+			`ASSERT(A.B.y == 0)
+			`ASSERT(gen_test9.w == 3)
+			`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.x == 2)
+			`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.C.z == 1)
+			`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.B.y == 0)
+		end
+	endgenerate
+
+	`ASSERT(w == 3)
+	`ASSERT(A.x == 2)
+	`ASSERT(A.C.z == 1)
+	`ASSERT(A.B.y == 0)
+	`ASSERT(gen_test9.w == 3)
+	`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.x == 2)
+	`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.C.z == 1)
+	`ASSERT(gen_test9.A.B.y == 0)
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/local_loop_var.sv b/tests/simple/local_loop_var.sv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46b4e5c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/local_loop_var.sv
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module top(out);
+	output integer out;
+	initial begin
+		integer i;
+		for (i = 0; i < 5; i = i + 1)
+			if (i == 0)
+				out = 1;
+			else
+				out += 2 ** i;
+	end
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/loop_var_shadow.v b/tests/simple/loop_var_shadow.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0222a4493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/loop_var_shadow.v
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module top(out);
+	genvar i;
+	generate
+		for (i = 0; i < 2; i = i + 1) begin : loop
+			localparam j = i + 1;
+			if (1) begin : blk
+				localparam i = j + 1;
+				wire [i:0] x;
+				assign x = 1'sb1;
+			end
+		end
+	endgenerate
+	output wire [63:0] out;
+	assign out = {loop[0].blk.x, loop[1].blk.x};
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/named_genblk.v b/tests/simple/named_genblk.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8300fc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/named_genblk.v
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+`default_nettype none
+module top;
+	generate
+		if (1) begin
+			wire t;
+			begin : foo
+				wire x;
+			end
+			wire u;
+		end
+		begin : bar
+			wire x;
+			wire y;
+			begin : baz
+				wire x;
+				wire z;
+			end
+		end
+	endgenerate
+	assign genblk1.t = 1;
+	assign genblk1.foo.x = 1;
+	assign genblk1.u = 1;
+	assign bar.x = 1;
+	assign bar.y = 1;
+	assign bar.baz.x = 1;
+	assign bar.baz.z = 1;
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/nested_genblk_resolve.v b/tests/simple/nested_genblk_resolve.v
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da5593f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/nested_genblk_resolve.v
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+`default_nettype none
+module top;
+    generate
+        if (1) begin
+            wire x;
+            genvar i;
+            for (i = 0; i < 1; i = i + 1) begin
+                if (1) begin
+                    assign x = 1;
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    endgenerate
+endmodule
diff --git a/tests/simple/unnamed_block_decl.sv b/tests/simple/unnamed_block_decl.sv
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e81b457a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/simple/unnamed_block_decl.sv
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+module top(z);
+	output integer z;
+	initial begin
+		integer x;
+		x = 1;
+		begin
+			integer y;
+			y = x + 1;
+			begin
+				integer z;
+				z = y + 1;
+				y = z + 1;
+			end
+			z = y + 1;
+		end
+	end
+endmodule