path: root/nexus/fasm.cc

/*
 *  nextpnr -- Next Generation Place and Route
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2020  gatecat <gatecat@ds0.me>
 *
 *
 *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include "log.h"
#include "nextpnr.h"
#include "util.h"

#include <boost/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp>
#include <queue>
#include <set>

NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
namespace {
struct NexusFasmWriter
{
    const Context *ctx;
    std::ostream &out;
    std::vector<std::string> fasm_ctx;
    bool is_lifcl_17;

    NexusFasmWriter(const Context *ctx, std::ostream &out)
            : ctx(ctx), out(out), is_lifcl_17(ctx->args.device.find("LIFCL-17") != std::string::npos)
    {
    }

    // Add a 'dot' prefix to the FASM context stack
    void push(const std::string &x) { fasm_ctx.push_back(x); }

    // Remove a prefix from the FASM context stack
    void pop() { fasm_ctx.pop_back(); }

    // Remove N prefices from the FASM context stack
    void pop(int N)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            fasm_ctx.pop_back();
    }
    bool last_was_blank = true;
    // Insert a blank line if the last wasn't blank
    void blank()
    {
        if (!last_was_blank)
            out << std::endl;
        last_was_blank = true;
    }
    // Write out all prefices from the stack, interspersed with .
    void write_prefix()
    {
        for (auto &x : fasm_ctx)
            out << x << ".";
        last_was_blank = false;
    }
    // Write a single config bit; if value is true
    void write_bit(const std::string &name, bool value = true)
    {
        if (value) {
            write_prefix();
            out << name << std::endl;
        }
    }
    // Write a FASM attribute
    void write_attribute(const std::string &key, const std::string &value, bool str = true)
    {
        std::string qu = str ? "\"" : "";
        out << "{ " << key << "=" << qu << value << qu << " }" << std::endl;
        last_was_blank = false;
    }
    // Write a FASM comment
    void write_comment(const std::string &cmt) { out << "# " << cmt << std::endl; }
    // Write a FASM bitvector; optionally inverting the values in the process
    void write_vector(const std::string &name, const std::vector<bool> &value, bool invert = false)
    {
        write_prefix();
        out << name << " = " << int(value.size()) << "'b";
        for (auto bit : boost::adaptors::reverse(value))
            out << ((bit ^ invert) ? '1' : '0');
        out << std::endl;
    }
    // Write a FASM bitvector given an integer value
    void write_int_vector(const std::string &name, uint64_t value, int width, bool invert = false)
    {
        std::vector<bool> bits(width, false);
        for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
            bits[i] = (value & (1ULL << i)) != 0;
        write_vector(name, bits, invert);
    }
    // Write an int vector param
    void write_int_vector_param(const CellInfo *cell, const std::string &name, uint64_t defval, int width,
                                bool invert = false)
    {
        uint64_t value = int_or_default(cell->params, ctx->id(name), defval);
        std::vector<bool> bits(width, false);
        for (int i = 0; i < width; i++)
            bits[i] = (value & (1ULL << i)) != 0;
        write_vector(stringf("%s[%d:0]", name.c_str(), width - 1), bits, invert);
    }
    // Look up an enum value in a cell's parameters and write it to the FASM in name.value format
    void write_enum(const CellInfo *cell, const std::string &name, const std::string &defval = "")
    {
        auto fnd = cell->params.find(ctx->id(name));
        if (fnd == cell->params.end()) {
            if (!defval.empty())
                write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), defval.c_str()));
        } else {
            write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), fnd->second.c_str()));
        }
    }
    // Look up an IO attribute in the cell's attributes and write it to the FASM in name.value format
    void write_ioattr(const CellInfo *cell, const std::string &name, const std::string &defval = "")
    {
        auto fnd = cell->attrs.find(ctx->id(name));
        if (fnd == cell->attrs.end()) {
            if (!defval.empty())
                write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), defval.c_str()));
        } else {
            write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), fnd->second.c_str()));
        }
    }
    void write_ioattr_postfix(const CellInfo *cell, const std::string &name, const std::string &postfix,
                              const std::string &defval = "")
    {
        auto fnd = cell->attrs.find(ctx->id(name));
        if (fnd == cell->attrs.end()) {
            if (!defval.empty())
                write_bit(stringf("%s_%s.%s", name.c_str(), postfix.c_str(), defval.c_str()));
        } else {
            write_bit(stringf("%s_%s.%s", name.c_str(), postfix.c_str(), fnd->second.c_str()));
        }
    }

    // Gets the full name of a tile
    std::string tile_name(int loc, const PhysicalTileInfoPOD &tile)
    {
        int r = loc / ctx->chip_info->width;
        int c = loc % ctx->chip_info->width;
        return stringf("%sR%dC%d__%s", ctx->nameOf(IdString(tile.prefix)), r, c, ctx->nameOf(IdString(tile.tiletype)));
    }
    // Look up a tile by location index and tile type
    const PhysicalTileInfoPOD &tile_by_type_and_loc(int loc, IdString type)
    {
        auto &ploc = ctx->chip_info->grid[loc];
        for (auto &pt : ploc.phys_tiles) {
            if (pt.tiletype == type.index)
                return pt;
        }
        log_error("No tile of type %s found at location R%dC%d", ctx->nameOf(type), loc / ctx->chip_info->width,
                  loc % ctx->chip_info->width);
    }
    // Gets the single tile at a location
    const PhysicalTileInfoPOD &tile_at_loc(int loc)
    {
        auto &ploc = ctx->chip_info->grid[loc];
        NPNR_ASSERT(ploc.phys_tiles.size() == 1);
        return ploc.phys_tiles[0];
    }
    // Escape an internal prjoxide name for FASM by replacing : with __
    std::string escape_name(const std::string &name)
    {
        std::string escaped;
        for (char c : name) {
            if (c == ':')
                escaped += "__";
            else
                escaped += c;
        }
        return escaped;
    }
    // Push a tile name onto the prefix stack
    void push_tile(int loc, IdString tile_type) { push(tile_name(loc, tile_by_type_and_loc(loc, tile_type))); }
    void push_tile(int loc) { push(tile_name(loc, tile_at_loc(loc))); }
    // Push a bel name onto the prefix stack
    void push_belname(BelId bel) { push(ctx->nameOf(IdString(ctx->bel_data(bel).name))); }
    // Push the tile group name corresponding to a bel onto the prefix stack
    void push_belgroup(BelId bel)
    {
        int r = bel.tile / ctx->chip_info->width;
        int c = bel.tile % ctx->chip_info->width;
        auto &bel_data = ctx->bel_data(bel);
        r += bel_data.rel_y;
        c += bel_data.rel_x;
        std::string s = stringf("R%dC%d_%s", r, c, ctx->nameOf(IdString(ctx->bel_data(bel).name)));
        push(s);
    }
    // Push a bel's group and name
    void push_bel(BelId bel)
    {
        push_belgroup(bel);
        fasm_ctx.back() += stringf(".%s", ctx->nameOf(IdString(ctx->bel_data(bel).name)));
    }
    // Write out a pip in tile.dst.src format
    void write_pip(PipId pip)
    {
        auto &pd = ctx->pip_data(pip);
        if ((pd.flags & PIP_FIXED_CONN) || (pd.flags & PIP_LUT_PERM))
            return;
        std::string tile = tile_name(pip.tile, tile_by_type_and_loc(pip.tile, IdString(pd.tile_type)));
        std::string source_wire = escape_name(ctx->pip_src_wire_name(pip).str(ctx));
        if (source_wire == "LOCAL_VCC")
            source_wire = "G__VCC";
        std::string dest_wire = escape_name(ctx->pip_dst_wire_name(pip).str(ctx));
        out << stringf("%s.PIP.%s.%s", tile.c_str(), dest_wire.c_str(), source_wire.c_str()) << std::endl;
    }
    // Write out all the pips corresponding to a net
    void write_net(const NetInfo *net)
    {
        write_comment(stringf("Net %s", ctx->nameOf(net)));
        std::set<PipId> sorted_pips;
        for (auto &w : net->wires)
            if (w.second.pip != PipId())
                sorted_pips.insert(w.second.pip);
        for (auto p : sorted_pips)
            write_pip(p);
        blank();
    }
    // Find the CIBMUX output for a signal
    WireId find_cibmux(WireId cursor)
    {
        if (cursor == WireId())
            return WireId();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            std::string cursor_name = IdString(ctx->wire_data(cursor).name).str(ctx);
            if (cursor_name.find("JCIBMUXOUT") == 0) {
                return cursor;
            }
            for (PipId pip : ctx->getPipsUphill(cursor))
                if (ctx->checkPipAvail(pip)) {
                    cursor = ctx->getPipSrcWire(pip);
                    break;
                }
        }
        return WireId();
    }
    // Write out the mux config for a cell
    void write_cell_muxes(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        for (auto &port : cell->ports) {
            // Only relevant to inputs
            if (port.second.type != PORT_IN)
                continue;
            auto pin_style = ctx->get_cell_pin_style(cell, port.first);
            auto pin_mux = ctx->get_cell_pinmux(cell, port.first);
            // Invertible pins
            if (pin_style & PINOPT_INV) {
                if (pin_mux == PINMUX_INV || pin_mux == PINMUX_0)
                    write_bit(stringf("%sMUX.INV", ctx->nameOf(port.first)));
                else if (pin_mux == PINMUX_SIG && !(pin_style & PINBIT_GATED))
                    write_bit(stringf("%sMUX.%s", ctx->nameOf(port.first), ctx->nameOf(port.first)));
            }
            // Pins that must be explictly enabled
            if ((pin_style & PINBIT_GATED) && (pin_mux == PINMUX_SIG) && (port.second.net != nullptr))
                write_bit(stringf("%sMUX.%s", ctx->nameOf(port.first), ctx->nameOf(port.first)));
            // Pins that must be explictly set to 1 rather than just left floating
            if ((pin_style & PINBIT_1) && (pin_mux == PINMUX_1))
                write_bit(stringf("%sMUX.1", ctx->nameOf(port.first)));
            // Handle CIB muxes - these must be set such that floating pins really are floating to VCC and not connected
            // to another CIB signal
            if ((pin_style & PINBIT_CIBMUX) && port.second.net == nullptr) {
                WireId cibmuxout = find_cibmux(ctx->getBelPinWire(cell->bel, port.first));
                if (cibmuxout != WireId()) {
                    write_comment(stringf("CIBMUX for unused pin %s", ctx->nameOf(port.first)));
                    bool found = false;
                    for (PipId pip : ctx->getPipsUphill(cibmuxout)) {
                        if (ctx->checkPipAvail(pip) && ctx->checkWireAvail(ctx->getPipSrcWire(pip))) {
                            write_pip(pip);
                            found = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    NPNR_ASSERT(found);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Handle route-through DCCs
    void write_dcc_thru()
    {
        for (auto bel : ctx->getBels()) {
            if (ctx->getBelType(bel) != id_DCC)
                continue;
            if (!ctx->checkBelAvail(bel))
                continue;
            WireId dst = ctx->getBelPinWire(bel, id_CLKO);
            if (ctx->getBoundWireNet(dst) == nullptr)
                continue;
            // Set up the CIBMUX so CE is guaranteed to be tied high
            WireId ce = ctx->getBelPinWire(bel, id_CE);
            WireId cibmuxout = find_cibmux(ce);
            NPNR_ASSERT(cibmuxout != WireId());

            write_comment(stringf("CE CIBMUX for DCC route-thru %s", ctx->nameOfBel(bel)));
            bool found = false;
            for (PipId pip : ctx->getPipsUphill(cibmuxout)) {
                if (ctx->checkPipAvail(pip) && ctx->checkWireAvail(ctx->getPipSrcWire(pip))) {
                    write_pip(pip);
                    found = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            NPNR_ASSERT(found);
        }
    }

    unsigned permute_init(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        unsigned orig_init = int_or_default(cell->params, id_INIT, 0);
        std::array<std::vector<unsigned>, 4> phys_to_log;
        const std::array<IdString, 4> ports{id_A, id_B, id_C, id_D};
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            WireId pin_wire = ctx->getBelPinWire(cell->bel, ports[i]);
            for (PipId pip : ctx->getPipsUphill(pin_wire)) {
                if (!ctx->getBoundPipNet(pip))
                    continue;
                const auto &data = ctx->pip_data(pip);
                if (data.flags & PIP_FIXED_CONN) { // non-permuting
                    phys_to_log[i].push_back(i);
                } else { // permuting
                    NPNR_ASSERT(data.flags & PIP_LUT_PERM);
                    unsigned from_pin = (data.flags >> 4) & 0xF;
                    unsigned to_pin = (data.flags >> 0) & 0xF;
                    NPNR_ASSERT(to_pin == i);
                    phys_to_log[from_pin].push_back(i);
                }
            }
        }
        unsigned permuted_init = 0;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
            unsigned log_idx = 0;
            for (unsigned j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                if ((i >> j) & 0x1) {
                    for (auto log_pin : phys_to_log[j])
                        log_idx |= (1 << log_pin);
                }
            }
            if ((orig_init >> log_idx) & 0x1)
                permuted_init |= (1 << i);
        }
        return permuted_init;
    }

    // Write config for an OXIDE_COMB cell
    void write_comb(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        int z = ctx->bel_data(bel).z;
        int k = z & 0x1;
        char slice = 'A' + (z >> 3);
        push_tile(bel.tile, id_PLC);
        push(stringf("SLICE%c", slice));
        if (cell->params.count(id_INIT))
            write_int_vector(stringf("K%d.INIT[15:0]", k), permute_init(cell), 16);
        if (cell->lutInfo.is_carry) {
            write_bit("MODE.CCU2");
            write_enum(cell, "CCU2.INJECT", "NO");
        }
        pop(2);
    }
    // Write config for an OXIDE_FF cell
    void write_ff(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        int z = ctx->bel_data(bel).z;
        int k = z & 0x1;
        char slice = 'A' + (z >> 3);
        push_tile(bel.tile, id_PLC);
        push(stringf("SLICE%c", slice));
        push(stringf("REG%d", k));
        write_bit("USED.YES");
        write_enum(cell, "REGSET", "RESET");
        write_enum(cell, "LSRMODE", "LSR");
        write_enum(cell, "SEL", "DF");
        pop();
        write_enum(cell, "REGDDR");
        write_enum(cell, "SRMODE");
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop(2);
    }

    // Write out config for an OXIDE_RAMW cell
    void write_ramw(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_tile(bel.tile, id_PLC);
        push("SLICEC");
        write_bit("MODE.RAMW");
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop(2);
    }

    pool<BelId> used_io;

    struct BankConfig
    {
        bool diff_used = false;
        bool lvds_used = false;
        bool slvs_used = false;
        bool dphy_used = false;
    };

    std::map<int, BankConfig> bank_cfg;

    // Write config for an SEIO33_CORE cell
    void write_io33(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        used_io.insert(bel);
        push_bel(bel);
        const NetInfo *t = cell->getPort(id_T);
        auto tmux = ctx->get_cell_pinmux(cell, id_T);
        bool is_input = false, is_output = false;
        if (tmux == PINMUX_0) {
            is_output = true;
        } else if (tmux == PINMUX_1 || t == nullptr) {
            is_input = true;
        }
        const char *iodir = is_input ? "INPUT" : (is_output ? "OUTPUT" : "BIDIR");
        write_bit(stringf("BASE_TYPE.%s_%s", iodir, str_or_default(cell->attrs, id_IO_TYPE, "LVCMOS33").c_str()));
        write_ioattr(cell, "PULLMODE", "NONE");
        write_ioattr(cell, "GLITCHFILTER", "OFF");
        write_ioattr(cell, "SLEWRATE", str_or_default(cell->attrs, id_SLEWRATE, "MED").c_str());
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
    }
    // Write config for an SEIO18_CORE cell
    void write_io18(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        used_io.insert(bel);
        push_bel(bel);
        push("SEIO18");
        const NetInfo *t = cell->getPort(id_T);
        auto tmux = ctx->get_cell_pinmux(cell, id_T);
        bool is_input = false, is_output = false;
        if (tmux == PINMUX_0) {
            is_output = true;
        } else if (tmux == PINMUX_1 || t == nullptr) {
            is_input = true;
        }
        auto &bank = bank_cfg[ctx->get_bel_pad(bel)->bank];
        if (is_lifcl_17 && (is_output || !is_input))
            bank.diff_used = true; // what exactly should this bit be called?
        const char *iodir = is_input ? "INPUT" : (is_output ? "OUTPUT" : "BIDIR");
        write_bit(stringf("BASE_TYPE.%s_%s", iodir, str_or_default(cell->attrs, id_IO_TYPE, "LVCMOS18H").c_str()));
        write_ioattr(cell, "PULLMODE", "NONE");
        write_ioattr(cell, "SLEWRATE", str_or_default(cell->attrs, id_SLEWRATE, "MED").c_str());
        pop();
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
    }
    // Write config for an SEIO18_CORE cell
    void write_diffio18(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;

        Loc bel_loc = ctx->getBelLocation(bel);
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            // Mark both A and B pins as used
            used_io.insert(ctx->getBelByLocation(Loc(bel_loc.x, bel_loc.y, i)));
        }
        push_belgroup(bel);
        push("PIOA");
        push("DIFFIO18");

        auto &bank = bank_cfg[ctx->get_bel_pad(ctx->getBelByLocation(Loc(bel_loc.x, bel_loc.y, 0)))->bank];

        bank.diff_used = true;

        const NetInfo *t = cell->getPort(id_T);
        auto tmux = ctx->get_cell_pinmux(cell, id_T);
        bool is_input = false, is_output = false;
        if (tmux == PINMUX_0) {
            is_output = true;
        } else if (tmux == PINMUX_1 || t == nullptr) {
            is_input = true;
        }

        const char *iodir = is_input ? "INPUT" : (is_output ? "OUTPUT" : "BIDIR");
        std::string type = str_or_default(cell->attrs, id_IO_TYPE, "LVDS");
        write_bit(stringf("BASE_TYPE.%s_%s", iodir, type.c_str()));
        if (type == "LVDS") {
            write_ioattr_postfix(cell, "DIFFDRIVE", "LVDS", "3P5");
            bank.lvds_used = true;
        } else if (type == "SLVS") {
            write_ioattr_postfix(cell, "DIFFDRIVE", "SLVS", "2P0");
            bank.slvs_used = true;
        } else if (type == "MIPI_DPHY") {
            write_ioattr_postfix(cell, "DIFFDRIVE", "MIPI_DPHY", "2P0");
            bank.dphy_used = true;
        }

        write_ioattr(cell, "PULLMODE", "FAILSAFE");
        write_ioattr(cell, "DIFFRESISTOR");
        pop();
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop(2);
    }
    // Write config for an OSC_CORE cell
    void write_osc(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_tile(bel.tile);
        push_belname(bel);
        write_enum(cell, "HF_OSC_EN", "ENABLED");
        write_enum(cell, "HF_FABRIC_EN");
        write_enum(cell, "HFDIV_FABRIC_EN", "ENABLED");
        write_enum(cell, "LF_FABRIC_EN");
        write_enum(cell, "LF_OUTPUT_EN");
        write_enum(cell, "DTR_EN", "ENABLED");
        write_enum(cell, "DEBUG_N", "DISABLED");
        write_int_vector(stringf("HF_CLK_DIV[7:0]"),
                         ctx->parse_lattice_param_from_cell(cell, id_HF_CLK_DIV, 8, 0).intval, 8);
        write_int_vector(stringf("HF_SED_SEC_DIV[7:0]"), 1, 8);
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop(2);
    }
    // Write config for DCC
    void write_dcc(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_bel(bel);
        write_bit("DCCEN.1"); // Explicit DCC cell implies a clock buffer
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
    }
    // Write config for DCS
    void write_dcs(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_tile(bel.tile, ctx->id("CMUX_0"));
        push_belname(bel);
        write_enum(cell, "DCSMODE", "VCC");
        pop(2);
    }
    // Write config for an OXIDE_EBR cell
    void write_bram(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        // EBR configuration
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_bel(bel);
        int wid = int_or_default(cell->params, id_WID, 0);
        std::string mode = str_or_default(cell->params, id_MODE, "");

        write_bit(stringf("MODE.%s_MODE", mode.c_str()));
        write_enum(cell, "INIT_DATA", "STATIC");
        write_enum(cell, "GSR", "DISABLED");

        write_int_vector("WID[10:0]", wid, 11);

        push(stringf("%s_MODE", mode.c_str()));

        if (mode == "DP16K") {
            write_int_vector_param(cell, "CSDECODE_A", 7, 3, true);
            write_int_vector_param(cell, "CSDECODE_B", 7, 3, true);
            write_enum(cell, "ASYNC_RST_RELEASE_A");
            write_enum(cell, "ASYNC_RST_RELEASE_B");
            write_enum(cell, "DATA_WIDTH_A");
            write_enum(cell, "DATA_WIDTH_B");
            write_enum(cell, "OUTREG_A");
            write_enum(cell, "OUTREG_B");
            write_enum(cell, "RESETMODE_A");
            write_enum(cell, "RESETMODE_B");
        } else if (mode == "PDP16K" || mode == "PDPSC16K") {
            write_int_vector_param(cell, "CSDECODE_W", 7, 3, true);
            write_int_vector_param(cell, "CSDECODE_R", 7, 3, true);
            write_enum(cell, "ASYNC_RST_RELEASE");
            write_enum(cell, "DATA_WIDTH_W");
            write_enum(cell, "DATA_WIDTH_R");
            write_enum(cell, "OUTREG");
            write_enum(cell, "RESETMODE");
        }

        pop();
        push("DP16K_MODE"); // muxes always use the DP16K perspective
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop(2);
        blank();

        // EBR initialisation
        if (wid > 0) {
            push(stringf("IP_EBR_WID%d", wid));
            for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
                IdString param = ctx->idf("INITVAL_%02X", i);
                if (!cell->params.count(param))
                    continue;
                auto &prop = cell->params.at(param);
                std::string value;
                if (prop.is_string) {
                    NPNR_ASSERT(prop.str.substr(0, 2) == "0x");
                    // Lattice-style hex string
                    value = prop.str.substr(2);
                    value = stringf("320'h%s", value.c_str());
                } else {
                    // True Verilog bitvector
                    value = stringf("320'b%s", prop.str.c_str());
                }
                write_bit(stringf("INITVAL_%02X[319:0] = %s", i, value.c_str()));
            }
            pop();
        }
    }

    bool is_mux_param(const std::string &key)
    {
        return (key.size() >= 3 && (key.compare(key.size() - 3, 3, "MUX") == 0));
    }

    // Write config for some kind of IOLOGIC cell
    void write_iol(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_bel(bel);
        write_enum(cell, "MODE");
        write_enum(cell, "IDDRX1_ODDRX1.OUTPUT");
        write_enum(cell, "IDDRX1_ODDRX1.TRISTATE");
        write_enum(cell, "GSR", "DISABLED");
        write_enum(cell, "TSREG.REGSET", "RESET");
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
    }

    // Write config for some kind of DSP cell
    void write_dsp(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_bel(bel);
        if (cell->type != id_MULT18_CORE && cell->type != id_MULT18X36_CORE && cell->type != id_MULT36_CORE)
            write_bit(stringf("MODE.%s", ctx->nameOf(cell->type)));
        for (auto &param : cell->params) {
            const std::string &param_name = param.first.str(ctx);
            if (is_mux_param(param_name))
                continue;
            if (param.first == id_ROUNDBIT) {
                // currently unsupported in oxide, but appears rarely used
                NPNR_ASSERT(param.second.as_string() == "ROUND_TO_BIT0");
                continue;
            }
            write_enum(cell, param_name);
        }
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
    }

    // Which PLL params are 'word' values
    /* clang-format off */
    const dict<std::string, int> pll_word_params = {
            {"DIVA", 7}, {"DELA", 7}, {"PHIA", 3}, {"DIVB", 7},
            {"DELB", 7}, {"PHIB", 3}, {"DIVC", 7}, {"DELC", 7},
            {"PHIC", 3}, {"DIVD", 7}, {"DELD", 7}, {"PHID", 3},
            {"DIVE", 7},  {"DELE", 7}, {"PHIE", 3}, {"DIVF", 7},
            {"DELF", 7}, {"PHIF", 3}, {"BW_CTL_BIAS", 4},
            {"CLKOP_TRIM", 4}, {"CLKOS_TRIM", 4}, {"CLKOS2_TRIM", 4},
            {"CLKOS3_TRIM", 4}, {"CLKOS4_TRIM", 4}, {"CLKOS5_TRIM", 4},
            {"DIV_DEL", 7}, {"DYN_SEL", 3}, {"FBK_CUR_BLE", 8}, {"FBK_IF_TIMING_CTL", 2},
            {"FBK_MASK", 8}, {"FBK_MMD_DIG", 8}, {"FBK_MMD_PULS_CTL", 4},
            {"FBK_MODE", 2}, {"FBK_PI_RC", 4}, {"FBK_PR_CC", 4},
            {"FBK_PR_IC", 4}, {"FBK_RSV", 16},
            {"IPI_CMP", 4}, {"IPI_CMPN", 4},
            {"IPP_CTRL", 4}, {"IPP_SEL", 4},
            {"KP_VCO", 5},
            {"MFG_CTRL", 4}, {"MFGOUT1_SEL", 3}, {"MFGOUT2_SEL", 3},
            {"REF_MASK", 8}, {"REF_MMD_DIG", 8}, {"REF_MMD_IN", 8},
            {"REF_MMD_PULS_CTL", 4}, {"REF_TIMING_CTL", 2},
            {"RESERVED", 7}, {"SSC_DELTA", 15},
            {"SSC_DELTA_CTL", 2},  {"SSC_F_CODE", 15},
            {"SSC_N_CODE", 9}, {"SSC_REG_WEIGHTING_SEL", 3},
            {"SSC_STEP_IN", 7}, {"SSC_TBASE", 12},
            {"V2I_PP_ICTRL", 5},
    };

    const dict<std::string, std::string> pll_default_params = {
        {"BW_CTL_BIAS", "0b0101"},
        {"CLKOP_TRIM", "0b0000"},
        {"CLKOS_TRIM", "0b0000"},
        {"CLKOS2_TRIM", "0b0000"},
        {"CLKOS3_TRIM", "0b0000"},
        {"CLKOS4_TRIM", "0b0000"},
        {"CLKOS5_TRIM", "0b0000"},
        {"CRIPPLE", "5P"},
        {"CSET", "40P"},
        {"DELAY_CTRL", "200PS"},
        {"DELA", "0"},
        {"DELB", "0"},
        {"DELC", "0"},
        {"DELD", "0"},
        {"DELE", "0"},
        {"DELF", "0"},
        {"DIRECTION", "DISABLED"},
        {"DIVA", "0"},
        {"DIVB", "0"},
        {"DIVC", "0"},
        {"DIVD", "0"},
        {"DIVE", "0"},
        {"DIVF", "0"},
        {"DYN_SEL", "0b000"},
        {"DYN_SOURCE", "STATIC"},
        {"ENCLK_CLKOP", "DISABLED"},
        {"ENCLK_CLKOS", "DISABLED"},
        {"ENCLK_CLKOS2", "DISABLED"},
        {"ENCLK_CLKOS3", "DISABLED"},
        {"ENCLK_CLKOS4", "DISABLED"},
        {"ENCLK_CLKOS5", "DISABLED"},
        {"ENABLE_SYNC", "DISABLED"},
        {"FAST_LOCK_EN", "ENABLED"},
        {"V2I_1V_EN", "DISABLED"},
        {"FBK_CUR_BLE", "0b00000000"},
        {"FBK_EDGE_SEL", "POSITIVE"},
        {"FBK_IF_TIMING_CTL", "0b00"},
        {"FBK_INTEGER_MODE", "DISABLED"},
        {"FBK_MASK", "0b00001000"},
        {"FBK_MMD_DIG", "8"},
        {"FBK_MMD_PULS_CTL", "0b0000"},
        {"FBK_MODE", "0b00"},
        {"FBK_PI_BYPASS", "NOT_BYPASSED"},
        {"FBK_PI_RC", "0b1100"},
        {"FBK_PR_CC", "0b0000"},
        {"FBK_PR_IC", "0b1000"},
        {"FLOAT_CP", "DISABLED"},
        {"FLOCK_CTRL", "2X"},
        {"FLOCK_EN", "ENABLED"},
        {"FLOCK_SRC_SEL", "REFCLK"},
        {"FORCE_FILTER", "DISABLED"},
        {"I_CTRL", "10UA"},
        {"IPI_CMP", "0b1000"},
        {"IPI_CMPN", "0b0011"},
        {"IPI_COMP_EN", "DISABLED"},
        {"IPP_CTRL", "0b1000"},
        {"IPP_SEL", "0b1111"},
        {"KP_VCO", "0b11001"},
        {"LDT_INT_LOCK_STICKY", "DISABLED"},
        {"LDT_LOCK", "1536CYC"},
        {"LDT_LOCK_SEL", "U_FREQ"},
        {"LEGACY_ATT", "DISABLED"},
        {"LOAD_REG", "DISABLED"},
        {"OPENLOOP_EN", "DISABLED"},
        {"PHIA", "0"},
        {"PHIB", "0"},
        {"PHIC", "0"},
        {"PHID", "0"},
        {"PHIE", "0"},
        {"PHIF", "0"},
        {"PLLPDN_EN", "DISABLED"},
        {"PLLPD_N", "UNUSED"},
        {"PLLRESET_ENA", "DISABLED"},
        {"REF_INTEGER_MODE", "DISABLED"},
        {"REF_MASK", "0b00000000"},
        {"REF_MMD_DIG", "8"},
        {"REF_MMD_IN", "0b00001000"},
        {"REF_MMD_PULS_CTL", "0b0000"},
        {"REF_TIMING_CTL", "0b00"},
        {"REFIN_RESET", "SET"},
        {"RESET_LF", "DISABLED"},
        {"ROTATE", "DISABLED"},
        {"SEL_OUTA", "DISABLED"},
        {"SEL_OUTB", "DISABLED"},
        {"SEL_OUTC", "DISABLED"},
        {"SEL_OUTD", "DISABLED"},
        {"SEL_OUTE", "DISABLED"},
        {"SEL_OUTF", "DISABLED"},
        {"SLEEP", "DISABLED"},
        {"SSC_DELTA", "0b000000000000000"},
        {"SSC_DELTA_CTL", "0b00"},
        {"SSC_DITHER", "DISABLED"},
        {"SSC_EN_CENTER_IN", "DOWN_TRIANGLE"},
        {"SSC_EN_SDM", "DISABLED"},
        {"SSC_EN_SSC", "DISABLED"},
        {"SSC_F_CODE", "0b000000000000000"},
        {"SSC_N_CODE", "0b000010100"},
        {"SSC_ORDER", "SDM_ORDER2"},
        {"SSC_PI_BYPASS", "NOT_BYPASSED"},
        {"SSC_REG_WEIGHTING_SEL", "0b000"},
        {"SSC_SQUARE_MODE", "DISABLED"},
        {"SSC_STEP_IN", "0b0000000"},
        {"SSC_TBASE", "0b000000000000"},
        {"STDBY_ATT", "DISABLED"},
        {"TRIMOP_BYPASS_N", "BYPASSED"},
        {"TRIMOS_BYPASS_N", "BYPASSED"},
        {"TRIMOS2_BYPASS_N", "BYPASSED"},
        {"TRIMOS3_BYPASS_N", "BYPASSED"},
        {"TRIMOS4_BYPASS_N", "BYPASSED"},
        {"TRIMOS5_BYPASS_N", "BYPASSED"},
        {"V2I_KVCO_SEL", "85"},
        {"V2I_PP_ICTRL", "0b00110"},
        {"V2I_PP_RES", "10K"},
        {"CLKMUX_FB", "CMUX_CLKOP"},
        {"SEL_FBK", "DIVA"},
        {"DIV_DEL", "0b0000001"},
    };

    // Which MIPI params are 'word' values
    const dict<std::string, int> dphy_word_params = {
            {"CM", 8}, {"CN", 5}, {"CO", 3}, {"RSEL", 2}, {"RXCDRP", 2},
            {"RXDATAWIDTHHS", 2}, {"RXLPRP", 3}, {"TEST_ENBL", 6},
            {"TEST_PATTERN", 32}, {"TST", 4}, {"TXDATAWIDTHHS", 2},
            {"UC_PRG_RXHS_SETTLE", 6}, {"U_PRG_HS_PREPARE", 2},
            {"U_PRG_HS_TRAIL", 6}, {"U_PRG_HS_ZERO", 6}, {"U_PRG_RXHS_SETTLE", 6}
    };
    /* clang-format on */

    static bool is_number(std::string s)
    {
        for (auto c : s) {
            if (!isdigit(c))
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    // Write out config for some kind of PLL cell
    void write_pll(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_bel(bel);
        write_bit("MODE.PLL_CORE");
        write_enum(cell, "CLKMUX_FB");
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
        push(stringf("IP_%s", ctx->nameOf(IdString(ctx->bel_data(bel).name))));
        for (auto &value : pll_default_params) {
            IdString n = IdString(ctx, value.first);
            Property temp;
            if (is_number(value.second))
                temp = Property(std::stoi(value.second), 32);
            else
                temp = Property::from_string(value.second);
            const std::string &name = n.str(ctx);
            if (is_mux_param(name) || name == "CLKMUX_FB" || name == "SEL_FBK")
                continue;
            auto fnd_word = pll_word_params.find(name);
            if (fnd_word != pll_word_params.end()) {
                if (cell->params.count(n)) {
                    write_int_vector(stringf("%s[%d:0]", name.c_str(), fnd_word->second - 1),
                                     ctx->parse_lattice_param_from_cell(cell, n, fnd_word->second, 0).as_int64(),
                                     fnd_word->second);
                } else {
                    write_int_vector(stringf("%s[%d:0]", name.c_str(), fnd_word->second - 1),
                                     ctx->parse_lattice_param(temp, n, fnd_word->second).as_int64(), fnd_word->second);
                }
            } else {
                if (cell->params.count(n)) {
                    write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), cell->params.at(n).as_string().c_str()));
                } else {
                    write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), temp.as_string().c_str()));
                }
            }
        }
        pop();
    }
    // Write out config for a DPHY_CORE cell
    // TODO: duplication with PLL and other hard IP...
    void write_dphy(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push(stringf("IP_%s", ctx->nameOf(IdString(ctx->bel_data(bel).name))));
        for (auto &param : cell->params) {
            const std::string &name = param.first.str(ctx);
            if (is_mux_param(name) || name == "GSR")
                continue;
            auto fnd_word = dphy_word_params.find(name);
            if (fnd_word != dphy_word_params.end()) {
                write_int_vector(stringf("%s[%d:0]", name.c_str(), fnd_word->second - 1),
                                 ctx->parse_lattice_param_from_cell(cell, param.first, fnd_word->second, 0).as_int64(),
                                 fnd_word->second);
            } else {
                write_bit(stringf("%s.%s", name.c_str(), param.second.as_string().c_str()));
            }
        }
        pop();
    }
    // Write out config for an LRAM_CORE cell
    void write_lram(const CellInfo *cell)
    {
        BelId bel = cell->bel;
        push_bel(bel);
        if (is_lifcl_17)
            write_bit("MODE.LRAM_CORE");
        write_enum(cell, "ASYNC_RST_RELEASE", "SYNC");
        write_enum(cell, "EBR_SP_EN", "DISABLE");
        write_enum(cell, "ECC_BYTE_SEL", "BYTE_EN");
        write_enum(cell, "GSR", "DISABLED");
        write_enum(cell, "OUT_REGMODE_A", "NO_REG");
        write_enum(cell, "OUT_REGMODE_B", "NO_REG");
        write_enum(cell, "RESETMODE", "SYNC");
        write_enum(cell, "UNALIGNED_READ", "DISABLE");
        write_cell_muxes(cell);
        pop();
        blank();

        Loc l = ctx->getBelLocation(bel);
        if (is_lifcl_17 && l.x == 0)
            l.x = 1;
        push(stringf("IP_LRAM_CORE_R%dC%d", l.y, l.x));
        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
            IdString param = ctx->idf("INITVAL_%02X", i);
            if (!cell->params.count(param))
                continue;
            auto &prop = cell->params.at(param);
            std::string value;
            if (prop.is_string) {
                NPNR_ASSERT(prop.str.substr(0, 2) == "0x");
                // Lattice-style hex string
                value = prop.str.substr(2);
                value = stringf("5120'h%s", value.c_str());
            } else {
                // True Verilog bitvector
                value = stringf("5120'b%s", prop.str.c_str());
            }
            write_bit(stringf("INITVAL_%02X[5119:0] = %s", i, value.c_str()));
        }
        pop();
    }
    // Write out FASM for unused bels where needed
    void write_unused()
    {
        write_comment("# Unused bels");

        // DSP primitives are configured to a default mode; even if unused
        static const dict<IdString, std::vector<std::string>> dsp_defconf = {
                {id_MULT9_CORE,
                 {
                         "GSR.ENABLED",
                         "MODE.NONE",
                         "RSTAMUX.RSTA",
                         "RSTPMUX.RSTP",
                 }},
                {id_PREADD9_CORE,
                 {
                         "GSR.ENABLED",
                         "MODE.NONE",
                         "RSTBMUX.RSTB",
                         "RSTCLMUX.RSTCL",
                 }},
                {id_REG18_CORE,
                 {
                         "GSR.ENABLED",
                         "MODE.NONE",
                         "RSTPMUX.RSTP",
                 }},
                {id_ACC54_CORE,
                 {
                         "ACCUBYPS.BYPASS",
                         "MODE.NONE",
                 }},
        };

        for (BelId bel : ctx->getBels()) {
            IdString type = ctx->getBelType(bel);
            if (type == id_SEIO33_CORE && !used_io.count(bel)) {
                push_bel(bel);
                write_bit("BASE_TYPE.NONE");
                pop();
                blank();
            } else if (type == id_SEIO18_CORE && !used_io.count(bel)) {
                push_bel(bel);
                push("SEIO18");
                write_bit("BASE_TYPE.NONE");
                pop(2);
                blank();
            } else if (dsp_defconf.count(type) && ctx->getBoundBelCell(bel) == nullptr) {
                push_bel(bel);
                for (const auto &cbit : dsp_defconf.at(type))
                    write_bit(cbit);
                pop();
                blank();
            }
        }
    }
    dict<int, int> bank_vcco;
    // bank VccO in mV
    int get_bank_vcco(const std::string &iostd)
    {
        if (iostd == "LVCMOS33" || iostd == "LVCMOS33D")
            return 3300;
        else if (iostd == "LVCMOS25" || iostd == "LVCMOS25D")
            return 2500;
        else if (iostd == "LVCMOS18")
            return 1800;
        else if (iostd == "LVCMOS15")
            return 1500;
        else if (iostd == "LVCMOS12")
            return 1200;
        else
            return -1;
    }
    // Write out placeholder bankref config
    void write_bankcfg()
    {
        for (auto &c : ctx->cells) {
            const CellInfo *ci = c.second.get();
            if (ci->type != id_SEIO33_CORE)
                continue;
            if (!ci->attrs.count(id_IO_TYPE))
                continue;
            // VccO only concerns outputs
            const NetInfo *t = ci->getPort(id_T);
            auto tmux = ctx->get_cell_pinmux(ci, id_T);
            if (tmux == PINMUX_1 || (tmux != PINMUX_0 && t == nullptr))
                continue;
            int bank = ctx->get_bel_pad(ci->bel)->bank;
            std::string iostd = ci->attrs.at(id_IO_TYPE).as_string();
            int vcco = get_bank_vcco(iostd);
            if (vcco == -1) {
                log_warning("Unexpected IO standard '%s' on port '%s'\n", iostd.c_str(), ctx->nameOf(ci));
                continue;
            }
            if (bank_vcco.count(bank) && bank_vcco.at(bank) != vcco) {
                log_warning("Conflicting Vcco %.1fV and %.1fV on bank %d\n", bank_vcco.at(bank) / 1000.0, vcco / 1000.0,
                            bank);
                continue;
            }
            bank_vcco[bank] = vcco;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            if (i >= 3 && i <= 5) {
                // 1.8V banks
                push(stringf("GLOBAL.BANK%d", i));
                auto &bank = bank_cfg[i];
                write_bit("DIFF_IO.ON", bank.diff_used);
                write_bit("LVDS_IO.ON", bank.lvds_used);
                write_bit("SLVS_IO.ON", bank.slvs_used);
                write_bit("MIPI_DPHY_IO.ON", bank.dphy_used);

                pop();
            } else {
                if (is_lifcl_17 && (i != 0) && (i != 1))
                    continue;
                auto vcco = bank_vcco.find(i);
                if (vcco != bank_vcco.end())
                    write_bit(stringf("GLOBAL.BANK%d.VCC.%dV%d", i, vcco->second / 1000, (vcco->second / 100) % 10));
                else
                    write_bit(stringf("GLOBAL.BANK%d.VCC.3V3", i));
            }
        }
        blank();
    }
    // Write out FASM for the whole design
    void operator()()
    {
        // Write device config
        write_attribute("oxide.device", ctx->device);
        write_attribute("oxide.device_variant", ctx->variant);
        blank();
        // Write routing
        for (auto &n : ctx->nets) {
            write_net(n.second.get());
        }
        // Write cell config
        for (auto &c : ctx->cells) {
            const CellInfo *ci = c.second.get();
            write_comment(stringf("# Cell %s", ctx->nameOf(ci)));
            if (ci->type == id_OXIDE_COMB)
                write_comb(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_OXIDE_FF)
                write_ff(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_RAMW)
                write_ramw(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_SEIO33_CORE)
                write_io33(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_SEIO18_CORE)
                write_io18(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_DIFFIO18_CORE)
                write_diffio18(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_OSC_CORE)
                write_osc(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_OXIDE_EBR)
                write_bram(ci);
            else if (ci->type.in(id_MULT9_CORE, id_PREADD9_CORE, id_MULT18_CORE, id_MULT18X36_CORE, id_MULT36_CORE,
                                 id_REG18_CORE, id_ACC54_CORE))
                write_dsp(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_PLL_CORE)
                write_pll(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_LRAM_CORE)
                write_lram(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_DPHY_CORE)
                write_dphy(ci);
            else if (ci->type.in(id_IOLOGIC, id_SIOLOGIC))
                write_iol(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_DCC)
                write_dcc(ci);
            else if (ci->type == id_DCS)
                write_dcs(ci);
            blank();
        }
        // Handle DCC route-throughs
        write_dcc_thru();
        // Write config for unused bels
        write_unused();
        // Write bank config
        write_bankcfg();
    }
};
} // namespace

void Arch::write_fasm(std::ostream &out) const { NexusFasmWriter(getCtx(), out)(); }

NEXTPNR_NAMESPACE_END