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+/*
+ tests/test_smart_ptr.cpp -- binding classes with custom reference counting,
+ implicit conversions between types
+
+ Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+ All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+ BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1910
+# pragma warning(disable: 4702) // unreachable code in system header
+#endif
+
+#include "pybind11_tests.h"
+#include "object.h"
+
+// Make pybind aware of the ref-counted wrapper type (s):
+
+// ref<T> is a wrapper for 'Object' which uses intrusive reference counting
+// It is always possible to construct a ref<T> from an Object* pointer without
+// possible inconsistencies, hence the 'true' argument at the end.
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, ref<T>, true);
+// Make pybind11 aware of the non-standard getter member function
+namespace pybind11 { namespace detail {
+ template <typename T>
+ struct holder_helper<ref<T>> {
+ static const T *get(const ref<T> &p) { return p.get_ptr(); }
+ };
+}}
+
+// The following is not required anymore for std::shared_ptr, but it should compile without error:
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, std::shared_ptr<T>);
+
+// This is just a wrapper around unique_ptr, but with extra fields to deliberately bloat up the
+// holder size to trigger the non-simple-layout internal instance layout for single inheritance with
+// large holder type:
+template <typename T> class huge_unique_ptr {
+ std::unique_ptr<T> ptr;
+ uint64_t padding[10];
+public:
+ huge_unique_ptr(T *p) : ptr(p) {};
+ T *get() { return ptr.get(); }
+};
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, huge_unique_ptr<T>);
+
+// Simple custom holder that works like unique_ptr
+template <typename T>
+class custom_unique_ptr {
+ std::unique_ptr<T> impl;
+public:
+ custom_unique_ptr(T* p) : impl(p) { }
+ T* get() const { return impl.get(); }
+ T* release_ptr() { return impl.release(); }
+};
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, custom_unique_ptr<T>);
+
+// Simple custom holder that works like shared_ptr and has operator& overload
+// To obtain address of an instance of this holder pybind should use std::addressof
+// Attempt to get address via operator& may leads to segmentation fault
+template <typename T>
+class shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator {
+ std::shared_ptr<T> impl;
+public:
+ shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator( ) = default;
+ shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator(T* p) : impl(p) { }
+ T* get() const { return impl.get(); }
+ T** operator&() { throw std::logic_error("Call of overloaded operator& is not expected"); }
+};
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator<T>);
+
+// Simple custom holder that works like unique_ptr and has operator& overload
+// To obtain address of an instance of this holder pybind should use std::addressof
+// Attempt to get address via operator& may leads to segmentation fault
+template <typename T>
+class unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator {
+ std::unique_ptr<T> impl;
+public:
+ unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator() = default;
+ unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator(T* p) : impl(p) { }
+ T* get() const { return impl.get(); }
+ T* release_ptr() { return impl.release(); }
+ T** operator&() { throw std::logic_error("Call of overloaded operator& is not expected"); }
+};
+PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(T, unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator<T>);
+
+
+TEST_SUBMODULE(smart_ptr, m) {
+
+ // test_smart_ptr
+
+ // Object implementation in `object.h`
+ py::class_<Object, ref<Object>> obj(m, "Object");
+ obj.def("getRefCount", &Object::getRefCount);
+
+ // Custom object with builtin reference counting (see 'object.h' for the implementation)
+ class MyObject1 : public Object {
+ public:
+ MyObject1(int value) : value(value) { print_created(this, toString()); }
+ std::string toString() const { return "MyObject1[" + std::to_string(value) + "]"; }
+ protected:
+ virtual ~MyObject1() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ private:
+ int value;
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject1, ref<MyObject1>>(m, "MyObject1", obj)
+ .def(py::init<int>());
+ py::implicitly_convertible<py::int_, MyObject1>();
+
+ m.def("make_object_1", []() -> Object * { return new MyObject1(1); });
+ m.def("make_object_2", []() -> ref<Object> { return new MyObject1(2); });
+ m.def("make_myobject1_1", []() -> MyObject1 * { return new MyObject1(4); });
+ m.def("make_myobject1_2", []() -> ref<MyObject1> { return new MyObject1(5); });
+ m.def("print_object_1", [](const Object *obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_object_2", [](ref<Object> obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_object_3", [](const ref<Object> &obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_object_4", [](const ref<Object> *obj) { py::print((*obj)->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject1_1", [](const MyObject1 *obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject1_2", [](ref<MyObject1> obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject1_3", [](const ref<MyObject1> &obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject1_4", [](const ref<MyObject1> *obj) { py::print((*obj)->toString()); });
+
+ // Expose constructor stats for the ref type
+ m.def("cstats_ref", &ConstructorStats::get<ref_tag>);
+
+
+ // Object managed by a std::shared_ptr<>
+ class MyObject2 {
+ public:
+ MyObject2(const MyObject2 &) = default;
+ MyObject2(int value) : value(value) { print_created(this, toString()); }
+ std::string toString() const { return "MyObject2[" + std::to_string(value) + "]"; }
+ virtual ~MyObject2() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ private:
+ int value;
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject2, std::shared_ptr<MyObject2>>(m, "MyObject2")
+ .def(py::init<int>());
+ m.def("make_myobject2_1", []() { return new MyObject2(6); });
+ m.def("make_myobject2_2", []() { return std::make_shared<MyObject2>(7); });
+ m.def("print_myobject2_1", [](const MyObject2 *obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject2_2", [](std::shared_ptr<MyObject2> obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject2_3", [](const std::shared_ptr<MyObject2> &obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject2_4", [](const std::shared_ptr<MyObject2> *obj) { py::print((*obj)->toString()); });
+
+ // Object managed by a std::shared_ptr<>, additionally derives from std::enable_shared_from_this<>
+ class MyObject3 : public std::enable_shared_from_this<MyObject3> {
+ public:
+ MyObject3(const MyObject3 &) = default;
+ MyObject3(int value) : value(value) { print_created(this, toString()); }
+ std::string toString() const { return "MyObject3[" + std::to_string(value) + "]"; }
+ virtual ~MyObject3() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ private:
+ int value;
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject3, std::shared_ptr<MyObject3>>(m, "MyObject3")
+ .def(py::init<int>());
+ m.def("make_myobject3_1", []() { return new MyObject3(8); });
+ m.def("make_myobject3_2", []() { return std::make_shared<MyObject3>(9); });
+ m.def("print_myobject3_1", [](const MyObject3 *obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject3_2", [](std::shared_ptr<MyObject3> obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject3_3", [](const std::shared_ptr<MyObject3> &obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+ m.def("print_myobject3_4", [](const std::shared_ptr<MyObject3> *obj) { py::print((*obj)->toString()); });
+
+ // test_smart_ptr_refcounting
+ m.def("test_object1_refcounting", []() {
+ ref<MyObject1> o = new MyObject1(0);
+ bool good = o->getRefCount() == 1;
+ py::object o2 = py::cast(o, py::return_value_policy::reference);
+ // always request (partial) ownership for objects with intrusive
+ // reference counting even when using the 'reference' RVP
+ good &= o->getRefCount() == 2;
+ return good;
+ });
+
+ // test_unique_nodelete
+ // Object with a private destructor
+ class MyObject4 {
+ public:
+ MyObject4(int value) : value{value} { print_created(this); }
+ int value;
+ private:
+ ~MyObject4() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject4, std::unique_ptr<MyObject4, py::nodelete>>(m, "MyObject4")
+ .def(py::init<int>())
+ .def_readwrite("value", &MyObject4::value);
+
+ // test_unique_deleter
+ // Object with std::unique_ptr<T, D> where D is not matching the base class
+ // Object with a protected destructor
+ class MyObject4a {
+ public:
+ MyObject4a(int i) {
+ value = i;
+ print_created(this);
+ };
+ int value;
+ protected:
+ virtual ~MyObject4a() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject4a, std::unique_ptr<MyObject4a, py::nodelete>>(m, "MyObject4a")
+ .def(py::init<int>())
+ .def_readwrite("value", &MyObject4a::value);
+
+ // Object derived but with public destructor and no Deleter in default holder
+ class MyObject4b : public MyObject4a {
+ public:
+ MyObject4b(int i) : MyObject4a(i) { print_created(this); }
+ ~MyObject4b() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject4b, MyObject4a>(m, "MyObject4b")
+ .def(py::init<int>());
+
+ // test_large_holder
+ class MyObject5 { // managed by huge_unique_ptr
+ public:
+ MyObject5(int value) : value{value} { print_created(this); }
+ ~MyObject5() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ int value;
+ };
+ py::class_<MyObject5, huge_unique_ptr<MyObject5>>(m, "MyObject5")
+ .def(py::init<int>())
+ .def_readwrite("value", &MyObject5::value);
+
+ // test_shared_ptr_and_references
+ struct SharedPtrRef {
+ struct A {
+ A() { print_created(this); }
+ A(const A &) { print_copy_created(this); }
+ A(A &&) { print_move_created(this); }
+ ~A() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ };
+
+ A value = {};
+ std::shared_ptr<A> shared = std::make_shared<A>();
+ };
+ using A = SharedPtrRef::A;
+ py::class_<A, std::shared_ptr<A>>(m, "A");
+ py::class_<SharedPtrRef>(m, "SharedPtrRef")
+ .def(py::init<>())
+ .def_readonly("ref", &SharedPtrRef::value)
+ .def_property_readonly("copy", [](const SharedPtrRef &s) { return s.value; },
+ py::return_value_policy::copy)
+ .def_readonly("holder_ref", &SharedPtrRef::shared)
+ .def_property_readonly("holder_copy", [](const SharedPtrRef &s) { return s.shared; },
+ py::return_value_policy::copy)
+ .def("set_ref", [](SharedPtrRef &, const A &) { return true; })
+ .def("set_holder", [](SharedPtrRef &, std::shared_ptr<A>) { return true; });
+
+ // test_shared_ptr_from_this_and_references
+ struct SharedFromThisRef {
+ struct B : std::enable_shared_from_this<B> {
+ B() { print_created(this); }
+ B(const B &) : std::enable_shared_from_this<B>() { print_copy_created(this); }
+ B(B &&) : std::enable_shared_from_this<B>() { print_move_created(this); }
+ ~B() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ };
+
+ B value = {};
+ std::shared_ptr<B> shared = std::make_shared<B>();
+ };
+ using B = SharedFromThisRef::B;
+ py::class_<B, std::shared_ptr<B>>(m, "B");
+ py::class_<SharedFromThisRef>(m, "SharedFromThisRef")
+ .def(py::init<>())
+ .def_readonly("bad_wp", &SharedFromThisRef::value)
+ .def_property_readonly("ref", [](const SharedFromThisRef &s) -> const B & { return *s.shared; })
+ .def_property_readonly("copy", [](const SharedFromThisRef &s) { return s.value; },
+ py::return_value_policy::copy)
+ .def_readonly("holder_ref", &SharedFromThisRef::shared)
+ .def_property_readonly("holder_copy", [](const SharedFromThisRef &s) { return s.shared; },
+ py::return_value_policy::copy)
+ .def("set_ref", [](SharedFromThisRef &, const B &) { return true; })
+ .def("set_holder", [](SharedFromThisRef &, std::shared_ptr<B>) { return true; });
+
+ // Issue #865: shared_from_this doesn't work with virtual inheritance
+ struct SharedFromThisVBase : std::enable_shared_from_this<SharedFromThisVBase> {
+ SharedFromThisVBase() = default;
+ SharedFromThisVBase(const SharedFromThisVBase &) = default;
+ virtual ~SharedFromThisVBase() = default;
+ };
+ struct SharedFromThisVirt : virtual SharedFromThisVBase {};
+ static std::shared_ptr<SharedFromThisVirt> sft(new SharedFromThisVirt());
+ py::class_<SharedFromThisVirt, std::shared_ptr<SharedFromThisVirt>>(m, "SharedFromThisVirt")
+ .def_static("get", []() { return sft.get(); });
+
+ // test_move_only_holder
+ struct C {
+ C() { print_created(this); }
+ ~C() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ };
+ py::class_<C, custom_unique_ptr<C>>(m, "TypeWithMoveOnlyHolder")
+ .def_static("make", []() { return custom_unique_ptr<C>(new C); });
+
+ // test_holder_with_addressof_operator
+ struct TypeForHolderWithAddressOf {
+ TypeForHolderWithAddressOf() { print_created(this); }
+ TypeForHolderWithAddressOf(const TypeForHolderWithAddressOf &) { print_copy_created(this); }
+ TypeForHolderWithAddressOf(TypeForHolderWithAddressOf &&) { print_move_created(this); }
+ ~TypeForHolderWithAddressOf() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ std::string toString() const {
+ return "TypeForHolderWithAddressOf[" + std::to_string(value) + "]";
+ }
+ int value = 42;
+ };
+ using HolderWithAddressOf = shared_ptr_with_addressof_operator<TypeForHolderWithAddressOf>;
+ py::class_<TypeForHolderWithAddressOf, HolderWithAddressOf>(m, "TypeForHolderWithAddressOf")
+ .def_static("make", []() { return HolderWithAddressOf(new TypeForHolderWithAddressOf); })
+ .def("get", [](const HolderWithAddressOf &self) { return self.get(); })
+ .def("print_object_1", [](const TypeForHolderWithAddressOf *obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); })
+ .def("print_object_2", [](HolderWithAddressOf obj) { py::print(obj.get()->toString()); })
+ .def("print_object_3", [](const HolderWithAddressOf &obj) { py::print(obj.get()->toString()); })
+ .def("print_object_4", [](const HolderWithAddressOf *obj) { py::print((*obj).get()->toString()); });
+
+ // test_move_only_holder_with_addressof_operator
+ struct TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf {
+ TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf(int value) : value{value} { print_created(this); }
+ ~TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf() { print_destroyed(this); }
+ std::string toString() const {
+ return "MoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf[" + std::to_string(value) + "]";
+ }
+ int value;
+ };
+ using MoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf = unique_ptr_with_addressof_operator<TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf>;
+ py::class_<TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf, MoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf>(m, "TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf")
+ .def_static("make", []() { return MoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf(new TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf(0)); })
+ .def_readwrite("value", &TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf::value)
+ .def("print_object", [](const TypeForMoveOnlyHolderWithAddressOf *obj) { py::print(obj->toString()); });
+
+ // test_smart_ptr_from_default
+ struct HeldByDefaultHolder { };
+ py::class_<HeldByDefaultHolder>(m, "HeldByDefaultHolder")
+ .def(py::init<>())
+ .def_static("load_shared_ptr", [](std::shared_ptr<HeldByDefaultHolder>) {});
+
+ // test_shared_ptr_gc
+ // #187: issue involving std::shared_ptr<> return value policy & garbage collection
+ struct ElementBase {
+ virtual ~ElementBase() { } /* Force creation of virtual table */
+ };
+ py::class_<ElementBase, std::shared_ptr<ElementBase>>(m, "ElementBase");
+
+ struct ElementA : ElementBase {
+ ElementA(int v) : v(v) { }
+ int value() { return v; }
+ int v;
+ };
+ py::class_<ElementA, ElementBase, std::shared_ptr<ElementA>>(m, "ElementA")
+ .def(py::init<int>())
+ .def("value", &ElementA::value);
+
+ struct ElementList {
+ void add(std::shared_ptr<ElementBase> e) { l.push_back(e); }
+ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ElementBase>> l;
+ };
+ py::class_<ElementList, std::shared_ptr<ElementList>>(m, "ElementList")
+ .def(py::init<>())
+ .def("add", &ElementList::add)
+ .def("get", [](ElementList &el) {
+ py::list list;
+ for (auto &e : el.l)
+ list.append(py::cast(e));
+ return list;
+ });
+}