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-rw-r--r--docs/hazmat/primitives/cryptographic-hashes.rst7
-rw-r--r--docs/hazmat/primitives/symmetric-encryption.rst23
2 files changed, 21 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/docs/hazmat/primitives/cryptographic-hashes.rst b/docs/hazmat/primitives/cryptographic-hashes.rst
index 76ca20c0..20fa23cf 100644
--- a/docs/hazmat/primitives/cryptographic-hashes.rst
+++ b/docs/hazmat/primitives/cryptographic-hashes.rst
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Message Digests
results (with a high probability) in different digests.
This is an implementation of
- :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext` meant to
+ :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext` meant to
be used with
- :class:`cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
+ :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
implementations to provide an incremental interface to calculating
various message digests.
@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ MD5
.. warning::
MD5 is a deprecated hash algorithm that has practical known collision
- attacks. You are strongly discouraged from using it.
+ attacks. You are strongly discouraged from using it. Existing applications
+ should strongly consider moving away.
.. class:: MD5()
diff --git a/docs/hazmat/primitives/symmetric-encryption.rst b/docs/hazmat/primitives/symmetric-encryption.rst
index 5f1a64a1..5542e832 100644
--- a/docs/hazmat/primitives/symmetric-encryption.rst
+++ b/docs/hazmat/primitives/symmetric-encryption.rst
@@ -14,13 +14,22 @@ Symmetric Encryption
Symmetric encryption is a way to encrypt (hide the plaintext value) material
-where the encrypter and decrypter both use the same key.
+where the encrypter and decrypter both use the same key. Note that symmetric
+encryption is **not** sufficient for most applications, because it only
+provides secrecy (an attacker can't see the message) but not authenticity (an
+attacker can create bogus messages and force the application to decrypt them).
+For this reason it is *strongly* reccomended to combine encryption with a
+message authentication code, such as :doc:`HMAC </hazmat/primitives/hmac>`, in
+an "encrypt-then-MAC" formulation as `described by Colin Percival`_.
.. class:: Cipher(algorithm, mode)
- Cipher objects combine an algorithm (such as AES) with a mode (such as
- CBC, CTR, or GCM). A simple example of encrypting (and then decrypting)
- content with AES is:
+ Cipher objects combine an algorithm (such as
+ :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES`) with a
+ mode (such as
+ :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CBC` or
+ :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CTR`). A simple
+ example of encrypting (and then decrypting) content with AES is:
.. doctest::
@@ -143,8 +152,7 @@ Weak Ciphers
Blowfish is a block cipher developed by Bruce Schneier. It is known to be
susceptible to attacks when using weak keys. The author has recommended
- that users of Blowfish move to newer algorithms like
- :class:`AES`.
+ that users of Blowfish move to newer algorithms, such as :class:`AES`.
:param bytes key: The secret key, 32-448 bits in length (in increments of
8). This must be kept secret.
@@ -252,3 +260,6 @@ Insecure Modes
ciphers. Each block of data is encrypted in the same way. This means
identical plaintext blocks will always result in identical ciphertext
blocks, and thus result in information leakage
+
+
+.. _`described by Colin Percival`: http://www.daemonology.net/blog/2009-06-11-cryptographic-right-answers.html
> 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330
/*
 *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2012  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>
 *
 *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include "kernel/yosys.h"
#include "kernel/celltypes.h"

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_READLINE
#  include <readline/readline.h>
#  include <readline/history.h>
#endif

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_EDITLINE
#  include <editline/readline.h>
#endif

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_PLUGINS
#  include <dlfcn.h>
#endif

#if defined(_WIN32)
#  include <windows.h>
#  include <io.h>
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#  include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <dirent.h>
#  include <sys/stat.h>
#else
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <dirent.h>
#  include <sys/types.h>
#  include <sys/wait.h>
#  include <sys/stat.h>
#endif

#if !defined(_WIN32) && defined(YOSYS_ENABLE_GLOB)
#  include <glob.h>
#endif

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#  include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif

#ifdef WITH_PYTHON
#if PY_MAJOR_VERSION >= 3
#   define INIT_MODULE PyInit_libyosys
    extern "C" PyObject* INIT_MODULE();
#else
#   define INIT_MODULE initlibyosys
	extern "C" void INIT_MODULE();
#endif
#endif

#include <limits.h>
#include <errno.h>

YOSYS_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

int autoidx = 1;
int yosys_xtrace = 0;
RTLIL::Design *yosys_design = NULL;
CellTypes yosys_celltypes;

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
Tcl_Interp *yosys_tcl_interp = NULL;
#endif

std::set<std::string> yosys_input_files, yosys_output_files;

bool memhasher_active = false;
uint32_t memhasher_rng = 123456;
std::vector<void*> memhasher_store;

void memhasher_on()
{
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
	memhasher_rng += time(NULL) << 16 ^ getpid();
#endif
	memhasher_store.resize(0x10000);
	memhasher_active = true;
}

void memhasher_off()
{
	for (auto p : memhasher_store)
		if (p) free(p);
	memhasher_store.clear();
	memhasher_active = false;
}

void memhasher_do()
{
	memhasher_rng ^= memhasher_rng << 13;
	memhasher_rng ^= memhasher_rng >> 17;
	memhasher_rng ^= memhasher_rng << 5;

	int size, index = (memhasher_rng >> 4) & 0xffff;
	switch (memhasher_rng & 7) {
		case 0: size =   16; break;
		case 1: size =  256; break;
		case 2: size = 1024; break;
		case 3: size = 4096; break;
		default: size = 0;
	}
	if (index < 16) size *= 16;
	memhasher_store[index] = realloc(memhasher_store[index], size);
}

void yosys_banner()
{
	log("\n");
	log(" /----------------------------------------------------------------------------\\\n");
	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
	log(" |  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite                                       |\n");
	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
	log(" |  Copyright (C) 2012 - 2019  Clifford Wolf <clifford@clifford.at>           |\n");
	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
	log(" |  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any  |\n");
	log(" |  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above    |\n");
	log(" |  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.         |\n");
	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
	log(" |  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES  |\n");
	log(" |  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF          |\n");
	log(" |  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR   |\n");
	log(" |  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES    |\n");
	log(" |  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN     |\n");
	log(" |  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF   |\n");
	log(" |  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.            |\n");
	log(" |                                                                            |\n");
	log(" \\----------------------------------------------------------------------------/\n");
	log("\n");
	log(" %s\n", yosys_version_str);
	log("\n");
}

int ceil_log2(int x)
{
#if defined(__GNUC__)
        return x > 1 ? (8*sizeof(int)) - __builtin_clz(x-1) : 0;
#else
	if (x <= 0)
		return 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
		if (((x-1) >> i) == 0)
			return i;
	log_abort();
#endif
}

std::string stringf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	std::string string;
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	string = vstringf(fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	return string;
}

std::string vstringf(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	std::string string;
	char *str = NULL;

#if defined(_WIN32 )|| defined(__CYGWIN__)
	int sz = 64, rc;
	while (1) {
		va_list apc;
		va_copy(apc, ap);
		str = (char*)realloc(str, sz);
		rc = vsnprintf(str, sz, fmt, apc);
		va_end(apc);
		if (rc >= 0 && rc < sz)
			break;
		sz *= 2;
	}
#else
	if (vasprintf(&str, fmt, ap) < 0)
		str = NULL;
#endif

	if (str != NULL) {
		string = str;
		free(str);
	}

	return string;
}

int readsome(std::istream &f, char *s, int n)
{
	int rc = int(f.readsome(s, n));

	// f.readsome() sometimes returns 0 on a non-empty stream..
	if (rc == 0) {
		int c = f.get();
		if (c != EOF) {
			*s = c;
			rc = 1;
		}
	}

	return rc;
}

std::string next_token(std::string &text, const char *sep, bool long_strings)
{
	size_t pos_begin = text.find_first_not_of(sep);

	if (pos_begin == std::string::npos)
		pos_begin = text.size();

	if (long_strings && pos_begin != text.size() && text[pos_begin] == '"') {
		string sep_string = sep;
		for (size_t i = pos_begin+1; i < text.size(); i++) {
			if (text[i] == '"' && (i+1 == text.size() || sep_string.find(text[i+1]) != std::string::npos)) {
				std::string token = text.substr(pos_begin, i-pos_begin+1);
				text = text.substr(i+1);
				return token;
			}
			if (i+1 < text.size() && text[i] == '"' && text[i+1] == ';' && (i+2 == text.size() || sep_string.find(text[i+2]) != std::string::npos)) {
				std::string token = text.substr(pos_begin, i-pos_begin+1);
				text = text.substr(i+2);
				return token + ";";
			}
		}
	}

	size_t pos_end = text.find_first_of(sep, pos_begin);

	if (pos_end == std::string::npos)
		pos_end = text.size();

	std::string token = text.substr(pos_begin, pos_end-pos_begin);
	text = text.substr(pos_end);
	return token;
}

std::vector<std::string> split_tokens(const std::string &text, const char *sep)
{
	std::vector<std::string> tokens;
	std::string current_token;
	for (char c : text) {
		if (strchr(sep, c)) {
			if (!current_token.empty()) {
				tokens.push_back(current_token);
				current_token.clear();
			}
		} else
			current_token += c;
	}
	if (!current_token.empty()) {
		tokens.push_back(current_token);
		current_token.clear();
	}
	return tokens;
}

// this is very similar to fnmatch(). the exact rules used by this
// function are:
//
//    ?        matches any character except
//    *        matches any sequence of characters
//    [...]    matches any of the characters in the list
//    [!..]    matches any of the characters not in the list
//
// a backslash may be used to escape the next characters in the
// pattern. each special character can also simply match itself.
//
bool patmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string)
{
	if (*pattern == 0)
		return *string == 0;

	if (*pattern == '\\') {
		if (pattern[1] == string[0] && patmatch(pattern+2, string+1))
			return true;
	}

	if (*pattern == '?') {
		if (*string == 0)
			return false;
		return patmatch(pattern+1, string+1);
	}

	if (*pattern == '*') {
		while (*string) {
			if (patmatch(pattern+1, string++))
				return true;
		}
		return pattern[1] == 0;
	}

	if (*pattern == '[') {
		bool found_match = false;
		bool inverted_list = pattern[1] == '!';
		const char *p = pattern + (inverted_list ? 1 : 0);

		while (*++p) {
			if (*p == ']') {
				if (found_match != inverted_list && patmatch(p+1, string+1))
					return true;
				break;
			}

			if (*p == '\\') {
				if (*++p == *string)
					found_match = true;
			} else
			if (*p == *string)
				found_match = true;
		}
	}

	if (*pattern == *string)
		return patmatch(pattern+1, string+1);

	return false;
}

int run_command(const std::string &command, std::function<void(const std::string&)> process_line)
{
	if (!process_line)
		return system(command.c_str());

	FILE *f = popen(command.c_str(), "r");
	if (f == nullptr)
		return -1;

	std::string line;
	char logbuf[128];
	while (fgets(logbuf, 128, f) != NULL) {
		line += logbuf;
		if (!line.empty() && line.back() == '\n')
			process_line(line), line.clear();
	}
	if (!line.empty())
		process_line(line);

	int ret = pclose(f);
	if (ret < 0)
		return -1;
#ifdef _WIN32
	return ret;
#else
	return WEXITSTATUS(ret);
#endif
}

std::string make_temp_file(std::string template_str)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	if (template_str.rfind("/tmp/", 0) == 0) {
#  ifdef __MINGW32__
		char longpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
		char shortpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
#  else
		WCHAR longpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
		TCHAR shortpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
#  endif
		if (!GetTempPath(MAX_PATH+1, longpath))
			log_error("GetTempPath() failed.\n");
		if (!GetShortPathName(longpath, shortpath, MAX_PATH + 1))
			log_error("GetShortPathName() failed.\n");
		std::string path;
		for (int i = 0; shortpath[i]; i++)
			path += char(shortpath[i]);
		template_str = stringf("%s\\%s", path.c_str(), template_str.c_str() + 5);
	}

	size_t pos = template_str.rfind("XXXXXX");
	log_assert(pos != std::string::npos);

	while (1) {
		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
			static std::string y = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
			static uint32_t x = 314159265 ^ uint32_t(time(NULL));
			x ^= x << 13, x ^= x >> 17, x ^= x << 5;
			template_str[pos+i] = y[x % y.size()];
		}
		if (_access(template_str.c_str(), 0) != 0)
			break;
	}
#else
	size_t pos = template_str.rfind("XXXXXX");
	log_assert(pos != std::string::npos);

	int suffixlen = GetSize(template_str) - pos - 6;

	char *p = strdup(template_str.c_str());
	close(mkstemps(p, suffixlen));
	template_str = p;
	free(p);
#endif

	return template_str;
}

std::string make_temp_dir(std::string template_str)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	template_str = make_temp_file(template_str);
	mkdir(template_str.c_str());
	return template_str;
#else
#  ifndef NDEBUG
	size_t pos = template_str.rfind("XXXXXX");
	log_assert(pos != std::string::npos);

	int suffixlen = GetSize(template_str) - pos - 6;
	log_assert(suffixlen == 0);
#  endif

	char *p = strdup(template_str.c_str());
	p = mkdtemp(p);
	log_assert(p != NULL);
	template_str = p;
	free(p);

	return template_str;
#endif
}

#ifdef _WIN32
bool check_file_exists(std::string filename, bool)
{
	return _access(filename.c_str(), 0) == 0;
}
#else
bool check_file_exists(std::string filename, bool is_exec)
{
	return access(filename.c_str(), is_exec ? X_OK : F_OK) == 0;
}
#endif

bool is_absolute_path(std::string filename)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	return filename[0] == '/' || filename[0] == '\\' || (filename[0] != 0 && filename[1] == ':');
#else
	return filename[0] == '/';
#endif
}

void remove_directory(std::string dirname)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	run_command(stringf("rmdir /s /q \"%s\"", dirname.c_str()));
#else
	struct stat stbuf;
	struct dirent **namelist;
	int n = scandir(dirname.c_str(), &namelist, nullptr, alphasort);
	log_assert(n >= 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		if (strcmp(namelist[i]->d_name, ".") && strcmp(namelist[i]->d_name, "..")) {
			std::string buffer = stringf("%s/%s", dirname.c_str(), namelist[i]->d_name);
			if (!stat(buffer.c_str(), &stbuf) && S_ISREG(stbuf.st_mode)) {
				remove(buffer.c_str());
			} else
				remove_directory(buffer);
		}
		free(namelist[i]);
	}
	free(namelist);
	rmdir(dirname.c_str());
#endif
}

std::string escape_filename_spaces(const std::string& filename)
{
	std::string out;
	out.reserve(filename.size());
	for (auto c : filename)
	{
		if (c == ' ')
			out += "\\ ";
		else
			out.push_back(c);
	}
	return out;
}

int GetSize(RTLIL::Wire *wire)
{
	return wire->width;
}

bool already_setup = false;

void yosys_setup()
{
	if(already_setup)
		return;
	already_setup = true;

	RTLIL::ID::A = "\\A";
	RTLIL::ID::B = "\\B";
	RTLIL::ID::Y = "\\Y";
	RTLIL::ID::keep = "\\keep";
	RTLIL::ID::whitebox = "\\whitebox";
	RTLIL::ID::blackbox = "\\blackbox";

	#ifdef WITH_PYTHON
		PyImport_AppendInittab((char*)"libyosys", INIT_MODULE);
		Py_Initialize();
		PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
	#endif

	Pass::init_register();
	yosys_design = new RTLIL::Design;
	yosys_celltypes.setup();
	log_push();
}

bool yosys_already_setup()
{
	return already_setup;
}

bool already_shutdown = false;

void yosys_shutdown()
{
	if(already_shutdown)
		return;
	already_shutdown = true;
	log_pop();

	Pass::done_register();

	delete yosys_design;
	yosys_design = NULL;

	for (auto f : log_files)
		if (f != stderr)
			fclose(f);
	log_errfile = NULL;
	log_files.clear();

	yosys_celltypes.clear();

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
	if (yosys_tcl_interp != NULL) {
		Tcl_DeleteInterp(yosys_tcl_interp);
		Tcl_Finalize();
		yosys_tcl_interp = NULL;
	}
#endif

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_PLUGINS
	for (auto &it : loaded_plugins)
		dlclose(it.second);

	loaded_plugins.clear();
#ifdef WITH_PYTHON
	loaded_python_plugins.clear();
#endif
	loaded_plugin_aliases.clear();
#endif

#ifdef WITH_PYTHON
	Py_Finalize();
#endif
}

RTLIL::IdString new_id(std::string file, int line, std::string func)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
	size_t pos = file.find_last_of("/\\");
#else
	size_t pos = file.find_last_of('/');
#endif
	if (pos != std::string::npos)
		file = file.substr(pos+1);

	pos = func.find_last_of(':');
	if (pos != std::string::npos)
		func = func.substr(pos+1);

	return stringf("$auto$%s:%d:%s$%d", file.c_str(), line, func.c_str(), autoidx++);
}

RTLIL::Design *yosys_get_design()
{
	return yosys_design;
}

const char *create_prompt(RTLIL::Design *design, int recursion_counter)
{
	static char buffer[100];
	std::string str = "\n";
	if (recursion_counter > 1)
		str += stringf("(%d) ", recursion_counter);
	str += "yosys";
	if (!design->selected_active_module.empty())
		str += stringf(" [%s]", RTLIL::unescape_id(design->selected_active_module).c_str());
	if (!design->selection_stack.empty() && !design->selection_stack.back().full_selection) {
		if (design->selected_active_module.empty())
			str += "*";
		else if (design->selection_stack.back().selected_modules.size() != 1 || design->selection_stack.back().selected_members.size() != 0 ||
				design->selection_stack.back().selected_modules.count(design->selected_active_module) == 0)
			str += "*";
	}
	snprintf(buffer, 100, "%s> ", str.c_str());
	return buffer;
}

std::vector<std::string> glob_filename(const std::string &filename_pattern)
{
	std::vector<std::string> results;

#if defined(_WIN32) || !defined(YOSYS_ENABLE_GLOB)
	results.push_back(filename_pattern);
#else
	glob_t globbuf;

	int err = glob(filename_pattern.c_str(), 0, NULL, &globbuf);

	if(err == 0) {
		for (size_t i = 0; i < globbuf.gl_pathc; i++)
			results.push_back(globbuf.gl_pathv[i]);
		globfree(&globbuf);
	} else {
		results.push_back(filename_pattern);
	}
#endif

	return results;
}

void rewrite_filename(std::string &filename)
{
	if (filename.compare(0, 1, "\"") == 0 && filename.compare(GetSize(filename)-1, std::string::npos, "\"") == 0)
		filename = filename.substr(1, GetSize(filename)-2);
	if (filename.compare(0, 2, "+/") == 0)
		filename = proc_share_dirname() + filename.substr(2);
#ifndef _WIN32
	if (filename.compare(0, 2, "~/") == 0)
		filename = filename.replace(0, 1, getenv("HOME"));
#endif
}

#ifdef YOSYS_ENABLE_TCL
static int tcl_yosys_cmd(ClientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	std::vector<std::string> args;
	for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
		args.push_back(argv[i]);

	if (args.size() >= 1 && args[0] == "-import") {
		for (auto &it : pass_register) {
			std::string tcl_command_name = it.first;
			if (tcl_command_name == "proc")
				tcl_command_name = "procs";
			else if (tcl_command_name == "rename")
				tcl_command_name = "renames";
			Tcl_CmdInfo info;
			if (Tcl_GetCommandInfo(interp, tcl_command_name.c_str(), &info) != 0) {
				log("[TCL: yosys -import] Command name collision: found pre-existing command `%s' -> skip.\n", it.first.c_str());
			} else {
				std::string tcl_script = stringf("proc %s args { yosys %s {*}$args }", tcl_command_name.c_str(), it.first.c_str());
				Tcl_Eval(interp, tcl_script.c_str());
			}
		}
		return TCL_OK;
	}

	if (args.size() == 1) {
		Pass::call(yosys_get_design(), args[0]);
		return TCL_OK;
	}

	Pass::call(yosys_get_design(), args);
	return TCL_OK;
}

extern Tcl_Interp *yosys_get_tcl_interp()
{
	if (yosys_tcl_interp == NULL) {
		yosys_tcl_interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();
		Tcl_CreateCommand(yosys_tcl_interp, "yosys", tcl_yosys_cmd, NULL, NULL);
	}
	return yosys_tcl_interp;
}

struct TclPass : public Pass {
	TclPass() : Pass("tcl", "execute a TCL script file") { }
	void help() YS_OVERRIDE {
		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
		log("\n");
		log("    tcl <filename> [args]\n");
		log("\n");
		log("This command executes the tcl commands in the specified file.\n");
		log("Use 'yosys cmd' to run the yosys command 'cmd' from tcl.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("The tcl command 'yosys -import' can be used to import all yosys\n");
		log("commands directly as tcl commands to the tcl shell. Yosys commands\n");
		log("'proc' and 'rename' are wrapped to tcl commands 'procs' and 'renames'\n");
		log("in order to avoid a name collision with the built in commands.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("If any arguments are specified, these arguments are provided to the script via\n");
		log("the standard $argc and $argv variables.\n");
		log("\n");
	}
	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *) YS_OVERRIDE {
		if (args.size() < 2)
			log_cmd_error("Missing script file.\n");

		std::vector<Tcl_Obj*> script_args;
		for (auto it = args.begin() + 2; it != args.end(); ++it)
			script_args.push_back(Tcl_NewStringObj((*it).c_str(), (*it).size()));

		Tcl_Interp *interp = yosys_get_tcl_interp();
		Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj("argc", 4), NULL, Tcl_NewIntObj(script_args.size()), 0);
		Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj("argv", 4), NULL, Tcl_NewListObj(script_args.size(), script_args.data()), 0);
		Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj("argv0", 5), NULL, Tcl_NewStringObj(args[1].c_str(), args[1].size()), 0);
		if (Tcl_EvalFile(interp, args[1].c_str()) != TCL_OK)
			log_cmd_error("TCL interpreter returned an error: %s\n", Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));
	}
} TclPass;
#endif

#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
std::string proc_self_dirname()
{
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	ssize_t buflen = readlink("/proc/self/exe", path, sizeof(path));
	if (buflen < 0) {
		log_error("readlink(\"/proc/self/exe\") failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}
	while (buflen > 0 && path[buflen-1] != '/')
		buflen--;
	return std::string(path, buflen);
}
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
std::string proc_self_dirname()
{
	int mib[4] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1};
	size_t buflen;
	char *buffer;
	std::string path;
	if (sysctl(mib, 4, NULL, &buflen, NULL, 0) != 0)
		log_error("sysctl failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	buffer = (char*)malloc(buflen);
	if (buffer == NULL)
		log_error("malloc failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	if (sysctl(mib, 4, buffer, &buflen, NULL, 0) != 0)
		log_error("sysctl failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	while (buflen > 0 && buffer[buflen-1] != '/')
		buflen--;
	path.assign(buffer, buflen);
	free(buffer);
	return path;
}
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
std::string proc_self_dirname()
{
	char *path = NULL;
	uint32_t buflen = 0;
	while (_NSGetExecutablePath(path, &buflen) != 0)
		path = (char *) realloc((void *) path, buflen);
	while (buflen > 0 && path[buflen-1] != '/')
		buflen--;
	return std::string(path, buflen);
}
#elif defined(_WIN32)
std::string proc_self_dirname()
{
	int i = 0;
#  ifdef __MINGW32__
	char longpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
	char shortpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
#  else
	WCHAR longpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
	TCHAR shortpath[MAX_PATH + 1];
#  endif
	if (!GetModuleFileName(0, longpath, MAX_PATH+1))
		log_error("GetModuleFileName() failed.\n");
	if (!GetShortPathName(longpath, shortpath, MAX_PATH+1))
		log_error("GetShortPathName() failed.\n");
	while (shortpath[i] != 0)
		i++;
	while (i > 0 && shortpath[i-1] != '/' && shortpath[i-1] != '\\')
		shortpath[--i] = 0;
	std::string path;
	for (i = 0; shortpath[i]; i++)
		path += char(shortpath[i]);
	return path;
}
#elif defined(EMSCRIPTEN)
std::string proc_self_dirname()
{
	return "/";
}
#else
	#error "Don't know how to determine process executable base path!"
#endif

#ifdef EMSCRIPTEN
std::string proc_share_dirname()
{
	return "/share/";
}
#else
std::string proc_share_dirname()
{
	std::string proc_self_path = proc_self_dirname();
#  if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(YOSYS_WIN32_UNIX_DIR)
	std::string proc_share_path = proc_self_path + "share\\";
	if (check_file_exists(proc_share_path, true))
		return proc_share_path;
	proc_share_path = proc_self_path + "..\\share\\";
	if (check_file_exists(proc_share_path, true))
		return proc_share_path;
#  else
	std::string proc_share_path = proc_self_path + "share/";
	if (check_file_exists(proc_share_path, true))
		return proc_share_path;
	proc_share_path = proc_self_path + "../share/yosys/";
	if (check_file_exists(proc_share_path, true))
		return proc_share_path;
#    ifdef YOSYS_DATDIR
	proc_share_path = YOSYS_DATDIR "/";
	if (check_file_exists(proc_share_path, true))
		return proc_share_path;
#    endif
#  endif
	log_error("proc_share_dirname: unable to determine share/ directory!\n");
}
#endif

bool fgetline(FILE *f, std::string &buffer)
{
	buffer = "";
	char block[4096];
	while (1) {
		if (fgets(block, 4096, f) == NULL)
			return false;
		buffer += block;
		if (buffer.size() > 0 && (buffer[buffer.size()-1] == '\n' ||  buffer[buffer.size()-1] == '\r')) {
			while (buffer.size() > 0 && (buffer[buffer.size()-1] == '\n' ||  buffer[buffer.size()-1] == '\r'))
				buffer.resize(buffer.size()-1);
			return true;
		}
	}
}

static void handle_label(std::string &command, bool &from_to_active, const std::string &run_from, const std::string &run_to)
{
	int pos = 0;
	std::string label;

	while (pos < GetSize(command) && (command[pos] == ' ' || command[pos] == '\t'))
		pos++;

	if (pos < GetSize(command) && command[pos] == '#')
		return;

	while (pos < GetSize(command) && command[pos] != ' ' && command[pos] != '\t' && command[pos] != '\r' && command[pos] != '\n')
		label += command[pos++];

	if (GetSize(label) > 1 && label.back() == ':')
	{
		label = label.substr(0, GetSize(label)-1);
		command = command.substr(pos);

		if (label == run_from)
			from_to_active = true;
		else if (label == run_to || (run_from == run_to && !run_from.empty()))
			from_to_active = false;
	}
}

void run_frontend(std::string filename, std::string command, std::string *backend_command, std::string *from_to_label, RTLIL::Design *design)
{
	if (design == nullptr)
		design = yosys_design;

	if (command == "auto") {
		std::string filename_trim = filename;
		if (filename_trim.size() > 3 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-3, std::string::npos, ".gz") == 0)
			filename_trim.erase(filename_trim.size()-3);
		if (filename_trim.size() > 2 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-2, std::string::npos, ".v") == 0)
			command = "verilog";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 2 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-3, std::string::npos, ".sv") == 0)
			command = "verilog -sv";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 3 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-4, std::string::npos, ".vhd") == 0)
			command = "vhdl";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 4 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-5, std::string::npos, ".blif") == 0)
			command = "blif";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 5 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-6, std::string::npos, ".eblif") == 0)
			command = "blif";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 4 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-5, std::string::npos, ".json") == 0)
			command = "json";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 3 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-3, std::string::npos, ".il") == 0)
			command = "ilang";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 3 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-3, std::string::npos, ".ys") == 0)
			command = "script";
		else if (filename_trim.size() > 3 && filename_trim.compare(filename_trim.size()-4, std::string::npos, ".tcl") == 0)
			command = "tcl";
		else if (filename == "-")
			command = "script";
		else
			log_error("Can't guess frontend for input file `%s' (missing -f option)!\n", filename.c_str());
	}

	if (command == "script")
	{
		std::string run_from, run_to;
		bool from_to_active = true;

		if (from_to_label != NULL) {
			size_t pos = from_to_label->find(':');
			if (pos == std::string::npos) {
				run_from = *from_to_label;
				run_to = *from_to_label;
			} else {
				run_from = from_to_label->substr(0, pos);
				run_to = from_to_label->substr(pos+1);
			}
			from_to_active = run_from.empty();
		}

		log("\n-- Executing script file `%s' --\n", filename.c_str());

		FILE *f = stdin;

		if (filename != "-") {
			f = fopen(filename.c_str(), "r");
			yosys_input_files.insert(filename);
		}

		if (f == NULL)
			log_error("Can't open script file `%s' for reading: %s\n", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));

		FILE *backup_script_file = Frontend::current_script_file;
		Frontend::current_script_file = f;

		try {
			std::string command;
			while (fgetline(f, command)) {
				while (!command.empty() && command[command.size()-1] == '\\') {
					std::string next_line;
					if (!fgetline(f, next_line))
						break;
					command.resize(command.size()-1);
					command += next_line;
				}
				handle_label(command, from_to_active, run_from, run_to);
				if (from_to_active) {
					Pass::call(design, command);
					design->check();
				}
			}

			if (!command.empty()) {
				handle_label(command, from_to_active, run_from, run_to);
				if (from_to_active) {
					Pass::call(design, command);
					design->check();
				}
			}
		}
		catch (...) {
			Frontend::current_script_file = backup_script_file;
			throw;
		}

		Frontend::current_script_file = backup_script_file;

		if (filename != "-")
			fclose(f);

		if (backend_command != NULL && *backend_command == "auto")
			*backend_command = "";

		return;
	}

	if (filename == "-") {
		log("\n-- Parsing stdin using frontend `%s' --\n", command.c_str());
	} else {
		log("\n-- Parsing `%s' using frontend `%s' --\n", filename.c_str(), command.c_str());
	}

	if (command == "tcl")
		Pass::call(design, vector<string>({command, filename}));
	else
		Frontend::frontend_call(design, NULL, filename, command);
	design->check();
}

void run_frontend(std::string filename, std::string command, RTLIL::Design *design)
{
	run_frontend(filename, command, nullptr, nullptr, design);
}

void run_pass(std::string command, RTLIL::Design *design)
{
	if (design == nullptr)
		design = yosys_design;

	log("\n-- Running command `%s' --\n", command.c_str());

	Pass::call(design, command);
}

void run_backend(std::string filename, std::string command, RTLIL::Design *design)
{
	if (design == nullptr)
		design = yosys_design;

	if (command == "auto") {
		if (filename.size() > 2 && filename.compare(filename.size()-2, std::string::npos, ".v") == 0)
			command = "verilog";
		else if (filename.size() > 3 && filename.compare(filename.size()-3, std::string::npos, ".il") == 0)