move x509 tests into a module (#3889)

* move x509 tests into a module

This is just to make grouping things like test_ocsp, etc a bit simpler
in the future

* fix path

* pep8

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3865 deletions

diff --git a/tests/test_x509_ext.py b/tests/test_x509_ext.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ee94faaf..00000000
--- a/tests/test_x509_ext.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3865 +0,0 @@
-# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
-# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
-# for complete details.
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
-
-import binascii
-import datetime
-import ipaddress
-import os
-
-import pytest
-
-import six
-
-from cryptography import utils, x509
-from cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces import (
-    DSABackend, EllipticCurveBackend, RSABackend, X509Backend
-)
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
-from cryptography.x509 import DNSName, NameConstraints, SubjectAlternativeName
-from cryptography.x509.oid import (
-    AuthorityInformationAccessOID, ExtendedKeyUsageOID, ExtensionOID,
-    NameOID, ObjectIdentifier
-)
-
-from .hazmat.primitives.fixtures_rsa import RSA_KEY_2048
-from .hazmat.primitives.test_ec import _skip_curve_unsupported
-from .test_x509 import _load_cert
-
-
-def _make_certbuilder(private_key):
-    name = x509.Name(
-        [x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'example.org')])
-    return (
-        x509.CertificateBuilder()
-            .subject_name(name)
-            .issuer_name(name)
-            .public_key(private_key.public_key())
-            .serial_number(777)
-            .not_valid_before(datetime.datetime(1999, 1, 1))
-            .not_valid_after(datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 1))
-    )
-
-
-class TestExtension(object):
-    def test_not_an_oid(self):
-        bc = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.Extension("notanoid", True, bc)
-
-    def test_critical_not_a_bool(self):
-        bc = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.Extension(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS, "notabool", bc)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        bc = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
-        ext = x509.Extension(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS, True, bc)
-        assert repr(ext) == (
-            "<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name=basicConst"
-            "raints)>, critical=True, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=False, path"
-            "_length=None)>)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        ext1 = x509.Extension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value'
-        )
-        ext2 = x509.Extension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value'
-        )
-        assert ext1 == ext2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        ext1 = x509.Extension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value'
-        )
-        ext2 = x509.Extension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.5'), False, 'value'
-        )
-        ext3 = x509.Extension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), True, 'value'
-        )
-        ext4 = x509.Extension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value4'
-        )
-        assert ext1 != ext2
-        assert ext1 != ext3
-        assert ext1 != ext4
-        assert ext1 != object()
-
-
-class TestUnrecognizedExtension(object):
-    def test_invalid_oid(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.UnrecognizedExtension("notanoid", b"somedata")
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        ext2 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        assert ext1 == ext2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        ext2 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x02"
-        )
-        ext3 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.5"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        assert ext1 != ext2
-        assert ext1 != ext3
-        assert ext1 != object()
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(ext1) == (
-                "<UnrecognizedExtension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
-                "name=Unknown OID)>, value=b'\\x03\\x02\\x01')>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(ext1) == (
-                "<UnrecognizedExtension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
-                "name=Unknown OID)>, value='\\x03\\x02\\x01')>"
-            )
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        ext2 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        ext3 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.5"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
-        )
-        assert hash(ext1) == hash(ext2)
-        assert hash(ext1) != hash(ext3)
-
-
-class TestCertificateIssuer(object):
-    def test_iter_names(self):
-        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ])
-        assert len(ci) == 2
-        assert list(ci) == [
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ]
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"another.local"),
-            x509.RFC822Name(b"email@another.local"),
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://another.local"),
-        ])
-        assert ci[-1] == ci[4]
-        assert ci[2:6:2] == [ci[2], ci[4]]
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        ci1 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")])
-        ci2 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")])
-        assert ci1 == ci2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        ci1 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")])
-        ci2 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(b"somethingelse.tld")])
-        assert ci1 != ci2
-        assert ci1 != object()
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")])
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(ci) == (
-                "<CertificateIssuer(<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value="
-                "b'cryptography.io')>])>)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(ci) == (
-                "<CertificateIssuer(<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value="
-                "'cryptography.io')>])>)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
-        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        names = ci.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]
-
-
-class TestCRLReason(object):
-    def test_invalid_reason_flags(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.CRLReason("notareason")
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
-        reason2 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
-        assert reason1 == reason2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
-        reason2 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise)
-        assert reason1 != reason2
-        assert reason1 != object()
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
-        reason2 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
-        reason3 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise)
-
-        assert hash(reason1) == hash(reason2)
-        assert hash(reason1) != hash(reason3)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
-        assert repr(reason1) == (
-            "<CRLReason(reason=ReasonFlags.unspecified)>"
-        )
-
-
-class TestInvalidityDate(object):
-    def test_invalid_invalidity_date(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.InvalidityDate("notadate")
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
-        invalid2 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
-        assert invalid1 == invalid2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
-        invalid2 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 2))
-        assert invalid1 != invalid2
-        assert invalid1 != object()
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
-        assert repr(invalid1) == (
-            "<InvalidityDate(invalidity_date=2015-01-01 01:01:00)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
-        invalid2 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
-        invalid3 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 2))
-        assert hash(invalid1) == hash(invalid2)
-        assert hash(invalid1) != hash(invalid3)
-
-
-class TestNoticeReference(object):
-    def test_notice_numbers_not_all_int(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2, "three"])
-
-    def test_notice_numbers_none(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.NoticeReference("org", None)
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        numbers = [1, 3, 4]
-        nr = x509.NoticeReference(u"org", iter(numbers))
-        assert list(nr.notice_numbers) == numbers
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        nr = x509.NoticeReference(u"org", [1, 3, 4])
-
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(nr) == (
-                "<NoticeReference(organization='org', notice_numbers=[1, 3, 4"
-                "])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(nr) == (
-                "<NoticeReference(organization=u'org', notice_numbers=[1, 3, "
-                "4])>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
-        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
-        assert nr == nr2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
-        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1])
-        nr3 = x509.NoticeReference(None, [1, 2])
-        assert nr != nr2
-        assert nr != nr3
-        assert nr != object()
-
-
-class TestUserNotice(object):
-    def test_notice_reference_invalid(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.UserNotice("invalid", None)
-
-    def test_notice_reference_none(self):
-        un = x509.UserNotice(None, "text")
-        assert un.notice_reference is None
-        assert un.explicit_text == "text"
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        un = x509.UserNotice(x509.NoticeReference(u"org", [1]), u"text")
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(un) == (
-                "<UserNotice(notice_reference=<NoticeReference(organization='"
-                "org', notice_numbers=[1])>, explicit_text='text')>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(un) == (
-                "<UserNotice(notice_reference=<NoticeReference(organization=u"
-                "'org', notice_numbers=[1])>, explicit_text=u'text')>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
-        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
-        un = x509.UserNotice(nr, "text")
-        un2 = x509.UserNotice(nr2, "text")
-        assert un == un2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
-        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1])
-        un = x509.UserNotice(nr, "text")
-        un2 = x509.UserNotice(nr2, "text")
-        un3 = x509.UserNotice(nr, "text3")
-        assert un != un2
-        assert un != un3
-        assert un != object()
-
-
-class TestPolicyInformation(object):
-    def test_invalid_policy_identifier(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.PolicyInformation("notanoid", None)
-
-    def test_none_policy_qualifiers(self):
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), None)
-        assert pi.policy_identifier == x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")
-        assert pi.policy_qualifiers is None
-
-    def test_policy_qualifiers(self):
-        pq = [u"string"]
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
-        assert pi.policy_identifier == x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")
-        assert pi.policy_qualifiers == pq
-
-    def test_invalid_policy_identifiers(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [1, 2])
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        qual = [u"foo", u"bar"]
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), iter(qual))
-        assert list(pi.policy_qualifiers) == qual
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        pq = [u"string", x509.UserNotice(None, u"hi")]
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(pi) == (
-                "<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1."
-                "2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifiers=['string', <UserNo"
-                "tice(notice_reference=None, explicit_text='hi')>])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(pi) == (
-                "<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1."
-                "2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifiers=[u'string', <UserN"
-                "otice(notice_reference=None, explicit_text=u'hi')>])>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"),
-            [u"string", x509.UserNotice(None, u"hi")]
-        )
-        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"),
-            [u"string", x509.UserNotice(None, u"hi")]
-        )
-        assert pi == pi2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
-        )
-        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string2"]
-        )
-        pi3 = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), [u"string"]
-        )
-        assert pi != pi2
-        assert pi != pi3
-        assert pi != object()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestCertificatePolicies(object):
-    def test_invalid_policies(self):
-        pq = [u"string"]
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.CertificatePolicies([1, pi])
-
-    def test_iter_len(self):
-        pq = [u"string"]
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
-        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
-        assert len(cp) == 1
-        for policyinfo in cp:
-            assert policyinfo == pi
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        policies = [
-            x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"])
-        ]
-        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies(iter(policies))
-        assert list(cp) == policies
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        pq = [u"string"]
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
-        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(cp) == (
-                "<CertificatePolicies([<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<O"
-                "bjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifi"
-                "ers=['string'])>])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(cp) == (
-                "<CertificatePolicies([<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<O"
-                "bjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifi"
-                "ers=[u'string'])>])>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
-        )
-        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
-        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
-        )
-        cp2 = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi2])
-        assert cp == cp2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
-        )
-        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
-        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string2"]
-        )
-        cp2 = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi2])
-        assert cp != cp2
-        assert cp != object()
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"test"])
-        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.4"), [u"test"])
-        pi3 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.5"), [u"test"])
-        pi4 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.6"), [u"test"])
-        pi5 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.7"), [u"test"])
-        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi, pi2, pi3, pi4, pi5])
-        assert cp[-1] == cp[4]
-        assert cp[2:6:2] == [cp[2], cp[4]]
-
-    def test_long_oid(self, backend):
-        """
-        Test that parsing a CertificatePolicies ext with
-        a very long OID succeeds.
-        """
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "bigoid.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-            x509.CertificatePolicies)
-
-        oid = x509.ObjectIdentifier(
-            "1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.8.8950086.10656446.2706058"
-            ".12775672.480128.147.13466065.13029902"
-        )
-
-        assert ext.value[0].policy_identifier == oid
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestCertificatePoliciesExtension(object):
-    def test_cps_uri_policy_qualifier(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "cp_cps_uri.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
-        ).value
-
-        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
-            x509.PolicyInformation(
-                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
-                [u"http://other.com/cps"]
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_user_notice_with_notice_reference(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cp_user_notice_with_notice_reference.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
-        ).value
-
-        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
-            x509.PolicyInformation(
-                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
-                [
-                    u"http://example.com/cps",
-                    u"http://other.com/cps",
-                    x509.UserNotice(
-                        x509.NoticeReference(u"my org", [1, 2, 3, 4]),
-                        u"thing"
-                    )
-                ]
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_user_notice_with_explicit_text(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cp_user_notice_with_explicit_text.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
-        ).value
-
-        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
-            x509.PolicyInformation(
-                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
-                [x509.UserNotice(None, u"thing")]
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_user_notice_no_explicit_text(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cp_user_notice_no_explicit_text.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
-        ).value
-
-        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
-            x509.PolicyInformation(
-                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
-                [
-                    x509.UserNotice(
-                        x509.NoticeReference(u"my org", [1, 2, 3, 4]),
-                        None
-                    )
-                ]
-            )
-        ])
-
-
-class TestKeyUsage(object):
-    def test_key_agreement_false_encipher_decipher_true(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.KeyUsage(
-                digital_signature=False,
-                content_commitment=False,
-                key_encipherment=False,
-                data_encipherment=False,
-                key_agreement=False,
-                key_cert_sign=False,
-                crl_sign=False,
-                encipher_only=True,
-                decipher_only=False
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.KeyUsage(
-                digital_signature=False,
-                content_commitment=False,
-                key_encipherment=False,
-                data_encipherment=False,
-                key_agreement=False,
-                key_cert_sign=False,
-                crl_sign=False,
-                encipher_only=True,
-                decipher_only=True
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.KeyUsage(
-                digital_signature=False,
-                content_commitment=False,
-                key_encipherment=False,
-                data_encipherment=False,
-                key_agreement=False,
-                key_cert_sign=False,
-                crl_sign=False,
-                encipher_only=False,
-                decipher_only=True
-            )
-
-    def test_properties_key_agreement_true(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=True,
-            content_commitment=True,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=False,
-            key_cert_sign=True,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=False
-        )
-        assert ku.digital_signature is True
-        assert ku.content_commitment is True
-        assert ku.key_encipherment is False
-        assert ku.data_encipherment is False
-        assert ku.key_agreement is False
-        assert ku.key_cert_sign is True
-        assert ku.crl_sign is False
-
-    def test_key_agreement_true_properties(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=False,
-            content_commitment=False,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=True,
-            key_cert_sign=False,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=True
-        )
-        assert ku.key_agreement is True
-        assert ku.encipher_only is False
-        assert ku.decipher_only is True
-
-    def test_key_agreement_false_properties(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=False,
-            content_commitment=False,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=False,
-            key_cert_sign=False,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=False
-        )
-        assert ku.key_agreement is False
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            ku.encipher_only
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            ku.decipher_only
-
-    def test_repr_key_agreement_false(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=True,
-            content_commitment=True,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=False,
-            key_cert_sign=True,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=False
-        )
-        assert repr(ku) == (
-            "<KeyUsage(digital_signature=True, content_commitment=True, key_en"
-            "cipherment=False, data_encipherment=False, key_agreement=False, k"
-            "ey_cert_sign=True, crl_sign=False, encipher_only=None, decipher_o"
-            "nly=None)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_repr_key_agreement_true(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=True,
-            content_commitment=True,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=True,
-            key_cert_sign=True,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=False
-        )
-        assert repr(ku) == (
-            "<KeyUsage(digital_signature=True, content_commitment=True, key_en"
-            "cipherment=False, data_encipherment=False, key_agreement=True, k"
-            "ey_cert_sign=True, crl_sign=False, encipher_only=False, decipher_"
-            "only=False)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=False,
-            content_commitment=False,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=True,
-            key_cert_sign=False,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=True
-        )
-        ku2 = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=False,
-            content_commitment=False,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=True,
-            key_cert_sign=False,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=True
-        )
-        assert ku == ku2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=False,
-            content_commitment=False,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=True,
-            key_cert_sign=False,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=True
-        )
-        ku2 = x509.KeyUsage(
-            digital_signature=False,
-            content_commitment=False,
-            key_encipherment=False,
-            data_encipherment=False,
-            key_agreement=False,
-            key_cert_sign=False,
-            crl_sign=False,
-            encipher_only=False,
-            decipher_only=False
-        )
-        assert ku != ku2
-        assert ku != object()
-
-
-class TestSubjectKeyIdentifier(object):
-    def test_properties(self):
-        value = binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(value)
-        assert ski.digest == value
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        )
-        ext = x509.Extension(ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER, False, ski)
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(ext) == (
-                "<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.14, name=subjectK"
-                "eyIdentifier)>, critical=False, value=<SubjectKeyIdentifier(d"
-                "igest=b\'\\t#\\x84\\x93\"0I\\x8b\\xc9\\x80\\xaa\\x80\\x98Eoo"
-                "\\xf7\\xff:\\xc9\')>)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(ext) == (
-                "<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.14, name=subjectK"
-                "eyIdentifier)>, critical=False, value=<SubjectKeyIdentifier(d"
-                "igest=\'\\t#\\x84\\x93\"0I\\x8b\\xc9\\x80\\xaa\\x80\\x98Eoo"
-                "\\xf7\\xff:\\xc9\')>)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        )
-        ski2 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        )
-        assert ski == ski2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        )
-        ski2 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9092384932230498bc980")
-        )
-        assert ski != ski2
-        assert ski != object()
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        ski1 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        )
-        ski2 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
-        )
-        ski3 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
-            binascii.unhexlify(b"aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9092384932230498bc980")
-        )
-
-        assert hash(ski1) == hash(ski2)
-        assert hash(ski1) != hash(ski3)
-
-
-class TestAuthorityKeyIdentifier(object):
-    def test_authority_cert_issuer_not_generalname(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", ["notname"], 3)
-
-    def test_authority_cert_serial_number_not_integer(self):
-        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([
-                x509.NameAttribute(
-                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'),
-                    u'value1'
-                ),
-                x509.NameAttribute(
-                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.2'),
-                    u'value2'
-                ),
-            ])
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", [dirname], "notanint")
-
-    def test_authority_issuer_none_serial_not_none(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", None, 3)
-
-    def test_authority_issuer_not_none_serial_none(self):
-        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([
-                x509.NameAttribute(
-                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'),
-                    u'value1'
-                ),
-                x509.NameAttribute(
-                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.2'),
-                    u'value2'
-                ),
-            ])
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", [dirname], None)
-
-    def test_authority_cert_serial_and_issuer_none(self):
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"id", None, None)
-        assert aki.key_identifier == b"id"
-        assert aki.authority_cert_issuer is None
-        assert aki.authority_cert_serial_number is None
-
-    def test_authority_cert_serial_zero(self):
-        dns = x509.DNSName(b"SomeIssuer")
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"id", [dns], 0)
-        assert aki.key_identifier == b"id"
-        assert aki.authority_cert_issuer == [dns]
-        assert aki.authority_cert_serial_number == 0
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        dirnames = [
-            x509.DirectoryName(
-                x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
-            )
-        ]
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", iter(dirnames), 1234)
-        assert list(aki.authority_cert_issuer) == dirnames
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
-        )
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 1234)
-
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(aki) == (
-                "<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier=b'digest', authority_"
-                "cert_issuer=[<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid="
-                "<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value='myC"
-                "N')>])>)>], authority_cert_serial_number=1234)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(aki) == (
-                "<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier='digest', authority_ce"
-                "rt_issuer=[<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<Ob"
-                "jectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'myCN')"
-                ">])>)>], authority_cert_serial_number=1234)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
-        )
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 1234)
-        dirname2 = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
-        )
-        aki2 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname2], 1234)
-        assert aki == aki2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
-        )
-        dirname5 = x509.DirectoryName(
-            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'aCN')])
-        )
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 1234)
-        aki2 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"diges", [dirname], 1234)
-        aki3 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", None, None)
-        aki4 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 12345)
-        aki5 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname5], 12345)
-        assert aki != aki2
-        assert aki != aki3
-        assert aki != aki4
-        assert aki != aki5
-        assert aki != object()
-
-
-class TestBasicConstraints(object):
-    def test_ca_not_boolean(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.BasicConstraints(ca="notbool", path_length=None)
-
-    def test_path_length_not_ca(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=0)
-
-    def test_path_length_not_int(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=1.1)
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length="notint")
-
-    def test_path_length_negative(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=-1)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
-        assert repr(na) == (
-            "<BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
-        na2 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
-        na3 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=0)
-        assert hash(na) == hash(na2)
-        assert hash(na) != hash(na3)
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
-        na2 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
-        assert na == na2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
-        na2 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=1)
-        na3 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
-        assert na != na2
-        assert na != na3
-        assert na != object()
-
-
-class TestExtendedKeyUsage(object):
-    def test_not_all_oids(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.ExtendedKeyUsage(["notoid"])
-
-    def test_iter_len(self):
-        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
-        ])
-        assert len(eku) == 2
-        assert list(eku) == [
-            ExtendedKeyUsageOID.SERVER_AUTH,
-            ExtendedKeyUsageOID.CLIENT_AUTH
-        ]
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        usages = [
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
-        ]
-        aia = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage(iter(usages))
-        assert list(aia) == usages
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
-        ])
-        assert repr(eku) == (
-            "<ExtendedKeyUsage([<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1, name="
-            "serverAuth)>, <ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2, name=clien"
-            "tAuth)>])>"
-        )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6"), x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.7")
-        ])
-        eku2 = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6"), x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.7")
-        ])
-        assert eku == eku2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6")])
-        eku2 = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1")])
-        assert eku != eku2
-        assert eku != object()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestExtensions(object):
-    def test_no_extensions(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "verisign_md2_root.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions
-        assert len(ext) == 0
-        assert list(ext) == []
-        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound) as exc:
-            ext.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
-
-        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-
-    def test_one_extension(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        extensions = cert.extensions
-        ext = extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.value.ca is False
-
-    def test_duplicate_extension(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "two_basic_constraints.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(x509.DuplicateExtension) as exc:
-            cert.extensions
-
-        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-
-    def test_unsupported_critical_extension(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "unsupported_extension_critical.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4")
-        )
-        assert ext.value.value == b"value"
-
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=EllipticCurveBackend)
-    def test_unsupported_extension(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "unsupported_extension_2.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        extensions = cert.extensions
-        assert len(extensions) == 2
-        assert extensions[0].critical is False
-        assert extensions[0].oid == x509.ObjectIdentifier(
-            "1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.2"
-        )
-        assert extensions[0].value == x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.2"),
-            b"1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.1.2"
-        )
-        assert extensions[1].critical is False
-        assert extensions[1].oid == x509.ObjectIdentifier(
-            "1.3.6.1.4.1.45724.2.1.1"
-        )
-        assert extensions[1].value == x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.45724.2.1.1"),
-            b"\x03\x02\x040"
-        )
-
-    def test_no_extensions_get_for_class(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "cryptography.io.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        exts = cert.extensions
-        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound) as exc:
-            exts.get_extension_for_class(x509.IssuerAlternativeName)
-        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-
-    def test_unrecognized_extension_for_class(self):
-        exts = x509.Extensions([])
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            exts.get_extension_for_class(x509.UnrecognizedExtension)
-
-    def test_indexing(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        exts = cert.extensions
-        assert exts[-1] == exts[7]
-        assert exts[2:6:2] == [exts[2], exts[4]]
-
-    def test_one_extension_get_for_class(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.BasicConstraints)
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert isinstance(ext.value, x509.BasicConstraints)
-
-    def test_repr(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        assert repr(cert.extensions) == (
-            "<Extensions([<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name"
-            "=basicConstraints)>, critical=False, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=F"
-            "alse, path_length=None)>)>])>"
-        )
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestBasicConstraintsExtension(object):
-    def test_ca_true_pathlen_6(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "pathLenConstraint6CACert.crt"
-            ),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is True
-        assert ext.value.ca is True
-        assert ext.value.path_length == 6
-
-    def test_path_length_zero(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "bc_path_length_zero.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is True
-        assert ext.value.ca is True
-        assert ext.value.path_length == 0
-
-    def test_ca_true_no_pathlen(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "GoodCACert.crt"),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is True
-        assert ext.value.ca is True
-        assert ext.value.path_length is None
-
-    def test_ca_false(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is True
-        assert ext.value.ca is False
-        assert ext.value.path_length is None
-
-    def test_no_basic_constraints(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509",
-                "PKITS_data",
-                "certs",
-                "ValidCertificatePathTest1EE.crt"
-            ),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound):
-            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-                ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-            )
-
-    def test_basic_constraint_not_critical(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-        assert ext.value.ca is False
-
-
-class TestSubjectKeyIdentifierExtension(object):
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-    def test_subject_key_identifier(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "GoodCACert.crt"),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        ski = ext.value
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-        assert ski.digest == binascii.unhexlify(
-            b"580184241bbc2b52944a3da510721451f5af3ac9"
-        )
-
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-    def test_no_subject_key_identifier(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "bc_path_length_zero.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound):
-            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-                ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-            )
-
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-    def test_from_rsa_public_key(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "GoodCACert.crt"),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(
-            cert.public_key()
-        )
-        assert ext.value == ski
-
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=DSABackend)
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-    def test_from_dsa_public_key(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "dsa_selfsigned_ca.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(
-            cert.public_key()
-        )
-        assert ext.value == ski
-
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=EllipticCurveBackend)
-    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-    def test_from_ec_public_key(self, backend):
-        _skip_curve_unsupported(backend, ec.SECP384R1())
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "ecdsa_root.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(
-            cert.public_key()
-        )
-        assert ext.value == ski
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestKeyUsageExtension(object):
-    def test_no_key_usage(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "verisign_md2_root.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions
-        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound) as exc:
-            ext.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE)
-
-        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE
-
-    def test_all_purposes(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "all_key_usages.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        extensions = cert.extensions
-        ext = extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE)
-        assert ext is not None
-
-        ku = ext.value
-        assert ku.digital_signature is True
-        assert ku.content_commitment is True
-        assert ku.key_encipherment is True
-        assert ku.data_encipherment is True
-        assert ku.key_agreement is True
-        assert ku.key_cert_sign is True
-        assert ku.crl_sign is True
-        assert ku.encipher_only is True
-        assert ku.decipher_only is True
-
-    def test_key_cert_sign_crl_sign(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "pathLenConstraint6CACert.crt"
-            ),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE)
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is True
-
-        ku = ext.value
-        assert ku.digital_signature is False
-        assert ku.content_commitment is False
-        assert ku.key_encipherment is False
-        assert ku.data_encipherment is False
-        assert ku.key_agreement is False
-        assert ku.key_cert_sign is True
-        assert ku.crl_sign is True
-
-
-class TestDNSName(object):
-    def test_init(self):
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            name = x509.DNSName(u"*.\xf5\xe4\xf6\xfc.example.com")
-        assert name.bytes_value == b"*.xn--4ca7aey.example.com"
-
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            name = x509.DNSName(u".\xf5\xe4\xf6\xfc.example.com")
-        assert name.bytes_value == b".xn--4ca7aey.example.com"
-        assert name.value == u".\xf5\xe4\xf6\xfc.example.com"
-
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            name = x509.DNSName(u"\xf5\xe4\xf6\xfc.example.com")
-        assert name.bytes_value == b"xn--4ca7aey.example.com"
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DNSName(1.3)
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        n1 = x509.DNSName(b"test1")
-        n2 = x509.DNSName(b"test2")
-        n3 = x509.DNSName(b"test2")
-        assert n1 != n2
-        assert not (n2 != n3)
-
-
-class TestDirectoryName(object):
-    def test_not_name(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DirectoryName(b"notaname")
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DirectoryName(1.3)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        name = x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'value1')])
-        gn = x509.DirectoryName(name)
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentif"
-                "ier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value='value1')>])>)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentif"
-                "ier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'value1')>])>)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        name = x509.Name([
-            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'), u'value1')
-        ])
-        name2 = x509.Name([
-            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'), u'value1')
-        ])
-        gn = x509.DirectoryName(name)
-        gn2 = x509.DirectoryName(name2)
-        assert gn == gn2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        name = x509.Name([
-            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'), u'value1')
-        ])
-        name2 = x509.Name([
-            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.2'), u'value2')
-        ])
-        gn = x509.DirectoryName(name)
-        gn2 = x509.DirectoryName(name2)
-        assert gn != gn2
-        assert gn != object()
-
-
-class TestRFC822Name(object):
-    def test_repr(self):
-        gn = x509.RFC822Name(b"string")
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(gn) == "<RFC822Name(bytes_value=b'string')>"
-        else:
-            assert repr(gn) == "<RFC822Name(bytes_value='string')>"
-
-    def test_equality(self):
-        gn = x509.RFC822Name(b"string")
-        gn2 = x509.RFC822Name(b"string2")
-        gn3 = x509.RFC822Name(b"string")
-        assert gn != gn2
-        assert gn != object()
-        assert gn == gn3
-
-    def test_not_text_or_bytes(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.RFC822Name(1.3)
-
-    def test_invalid_email(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.RFC822Name(u"Name <email>")
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.RFC822Name(b"Name <email>")
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.RFC822Name(b"")
-
-    def test_single_label(self):
-        gn = x509.RFC822Name(b"administrator")
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            assert gn.value == u"administrator"
-
-        assert gn.bytes_value == b"administrator"
-
-    def test_idna(self):
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            gn = x509.RFC822Name(u"email@em\xe5\xefl.com")
-
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            assert gn.value == u"email@em\xe5\xefl.com"
-
-        assert gn.bytes_value == b"email@xn--eml-vla4c.com"
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        g1 = x509.RFC822Name(b"email@host.com")
-        g2 = x509.RFC822Name(b"email@host.com")
-        g3 = x509.RFC822Name(b"admin@host.com")
-
-        assert hash(g1) == hash(g2)
-        assert hash(g1) != hash(g3)
-
-
-class TestUniformResourceIdentifier(object):
-    def test_equality(self):
-        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"string")
-        gn2 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"string2")
-        gn3 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"string")
-        assert gn != gn2
-        assert gn != object()
-        assert gn == gn3
-
-    def test_not_text_or_bytes(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(1.3)
-
-    def test_no_parsed_hostname(self):
-        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"singlelabel")
-        assert gn.bytes_value == b"singlelabel"
-
-    def test_with_port(self):
-        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"singlelabel:443/test")
-        assert gn.bytes_value == b"singlelabel:443/test"
-
-    def test_idna_no_port(self):
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-                u"http://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"
-            )
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            assert gn.value == u"http://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"
-        assert gn.bytes_value == b"http://xn--80ato2c.cryptography"
-
-    def test_idna_with_port(self):
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-                u"gopher://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography:70/some/path"
-            )
-        with pytest.warns(utils.DeprecatedIn21):
-            assert gn.value == (
-                u"gopher://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography:70/some/path"
-            )
-        assert gn.bytes_value == (
-            b"gopher://xn--80ato2c.cryptography:70/some/path"
-        )
-
-    def test_query_and_fragment(self):
-        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-            b"ldap://cryptography:90/path?query=true#somedata"
-        )
-        assert gn.bytes_value == (
-            b"ldap://cryptography:90/path?query=true#somedata"
-        )
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        g1 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://host.com")
-        g2 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://host.com")
-        g3 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://other.com")
-
-        assert hash(g1) == hash(g2)
-        assert hash(g1) != hash(g3)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"string")
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<UniformResourceIdentifier(bytes_value=b'string')>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<UniformResourceIdentifier(bytes_value='string')>"
-            )
-
-
-class TestRegisteredID(object):
-    def test_not_oid(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.RegisteredID(b"notanoid")
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.RegisteredID(1.3)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        gn = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
-        assert repr(gn) == (
-            "<RegisteredID(value=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonNam"
-            "e)>)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        gn = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
-        gn2 = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
-        assert gn == gn2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        gn = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
-        gn2 = x509.RegisteredID(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
-        assert gn != gn2
-        assert gn != object()
-
-
-class TestIPAddress(object):
-    def test_not_ipaddress(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.IPAddress(b"notanipaddress")
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.IPAddress(1.3)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        gn = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
-        assert repr(gn) == "<IPAddress(value=127.0.0.1)>"
-
-        gn2 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Address(u"ff::"))
-        assert repr(gn2) == "<IPAddress(value=ff::)>"
-
-        gn3 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/24"))
-        assert repr(gn3) == "<IPAddress(value=192.168.0.0/24)>"
-
-        gn4 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Network(u"ff::/96"))
-        assert repr(gn4) == "<IPAddress(value=ff::/96)>"
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        gn = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
-        gn2 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
-        assert gn == gn2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        gn = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
-        gn2 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.2"))
-        assert gn != gn2
-        assert gn != object()
-
-
-class TestOtherName(object):
-    def test_invalid_args(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.OtherName(b"notanobjectidentifier", b"derdata")
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), u"notderdata")
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
-                "name=Unknown OID)>, value=b'derdata')>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
-                "name=Unknown OID)>, value='derdata')>"
-            )
-
-        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.65"), b"derdata")
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.65, "
-                "name=pseudonym)>, value=b'derdata')>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(gn) == (
-                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.65, "
-                "name=pseudonym)>, value='derdata')>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
-        gn2 = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
-        assert gn == gn2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
-        assert gn != object()
-
-        gn2 = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata2")
-        assert gn != gn2
-
-        gn2 = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.5"), b"derdata")
-        assert gn != gn2
-
-
-class TestGeneralNames(object):
-    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
-        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        names = gns.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]
-
-    def test_iter_names(self):
-        gns = x509.GeneralNames([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ])
-        assert len(gns) == 2
-        assert list(gns) == [
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ]
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        names = [
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ]
-        gns = x509.GeneralNames(iter(names))
-        assert list(gns) == names
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        gn = x509.GeneralNames([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"another.local"),
-            x509.RFC822Name(b"email@another.local"),
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://another.local"),
-        ])
-        assert gn[-1] == gn[4]
-        assert gn[2:6:2] == [gn[2], gn[4]]
-
-    def test_invalid_general_names(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.GeneralNames(
-                [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"), "invalid"]
-            )
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
-            [
-                x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")
-            ]
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(gns) == (
-                "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value=b'cryptography.io')>])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(gns) == (
-                "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value='cryptography.io')>])>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        gns2 = x509.GeneralNames(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        assert gns == gns2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        gns2 = x509.GeneralNames(
-            [x509.RFC822Name(b"admin@cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        assert gns != gns2
-        assert gns != object()
-
-
-class TestIssuerAlternativeName(object):
-    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
-        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        names = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]
-
-    def test_iter_names(self):
-        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ])
-        assert len(san) == 2
-        assert list(san) == [
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ]
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        ian = x509.IssuerAlternativeName([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"another.local"),
-            x509.RFC822Name(b"email@another.local"),
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://another.local"),
-        ])
-        assert ian[-1] == ian[4]
-        assert ian[2:6:2] == [ian[2], ian[4]]
-
-    def test_invalid_general_names(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-                [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"), "invalid"]
-            )
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-            [
-                x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")
-            ]
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(san) == (
-                "<IssuerAlternativeName("
-                "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value=b'cryptography.io')>])>)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(san) == (
-                "<IssuerAlternativeName("
-                "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value='cryptography.io')>])>)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        san2 = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        assert san == san2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        san2 = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
-            [x509.RFC822Name(b"admin@cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        assert san != san2
-        assert san != object()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestRSAIssuerAlternativeNameExtension(object):
-    def test_uri(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "ian_uri.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend,
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert list(ext.value) == [
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://path.to.root/root.crt"),
-        ]
-
-
-class TestCRLNumber(object):
-    def test_eq(self):
-        crl_number = x509.CRLNumber(15)
-        assert crl_number == x509.CRLNumber(15)
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        crl_number = x509.CRLNumber(15)
-        assert crl_number != x509.CRLNumber(14)
-        assert crl_number != object()
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        crl_number = x509.CRLNumber(15)
-        assert repr(crl_number) == "<CRLNumber(15)>"
-
-    def test_invalid_number(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.CRLNumber("notanumber")
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        c1 = x509.CRLNumber(1)
-        c2 = x509.CRLNumber(1)
-        c3 = x509.CRLNumber(2)
-        assert hash(c1) == hash(c2)
-        assert hash(c1) != hash(c3)
-
-
-class TestSubjectAlternativeName(object):
-    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
-        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        names = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]
-
-    def test_iter_names(self):
-        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ])
-        assert len(san) == 2
-        assert list(san) == [
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-        ]
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName([
-            x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"crypto.local"),
-            x509.DNSName(b"another.local"),
-            x509.RFC822Name(b"email@another.local"),
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://another.local"),
-        ])
-        assert san[-1] == san[4]
-        assert san[2:6:2] == [san[2], san[4]]
-
-    def test_invalid_general_names(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-                [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io"), "invalid"]
-            )
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-            [
-                x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")
-            ]
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(san) == (
-                "<SubjectAlternativeName("
-                "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value=b'cryptography.io')>])>)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(san) == (
-                "<SubjectAlternativeName("
-                "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(bytes_value='cryptography.io')>])>)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        san2 = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        assert san == san2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-            [x509.DNSName(b"cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        san2 = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
-            [x509.RFC822Name(b"admin@cryptography.io")]
-        )
-        assert san != san2
-        assert san != object()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestRSASubjectAlternativeNameExtension(object):
-    def test_dns_name(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        san = ext.value
-
-        dns = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert dns == [u"www.cryptography.io", u"cryptography.io"]
-
-    def test_wildcard_dns_name(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "wildcard_san.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-
-        dns = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert dns == [
-            u'*.langui.sh',
-            u'langui.sh',
-            u'*.saseliminator.com',
-            u'saseliminator.com'
-        ]
-
-    def test_san_empty_hostname(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_empty_hostname.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        san = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-
-        dns = san.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert dns == [u'']
-
-    def test_san_wildcard_idna_dns_name(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "san_wildcard_idna.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-
-        dns = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        assert dns == [u'*.\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography']
-
-    def test_unsupported_gn(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "san_x400address.der"),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType) as exc:
-            cert.extensions
-
-        assert exc.value.type == 3
-
-    def test_registered_id(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_registered_id.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        san = ext.value
-        rid = san.get_values_for_type(x509.RegisteredID)
-        assert rid == [x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4")]
-
-    def test_uri(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_uri_with_port.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        uri = ext.value.get_values_for_type(
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier
-        )
-        assert uri == [
-            u"gopher://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography:70/path?q=s#hel"
-            u"lo",
-            u"http://someregulardomain.com",
-        ]
-
-    def test_ipaddress(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_ipaddr.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        san = ext.value
-
-        ip = san.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
-        assert [
-            ipaddress.ip_address(u"127.0.0.1"),
-            ipaddress.ip_address(u"ff::")
-        ] == ip
-
-    def test_dirname(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_dirname.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        san = ext.value
-
-        dirname = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DirectoryName)
-        assert [
-            x509.Name([
-                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'test'),
-                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u'Org'),
-                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME, u'Texas'),
-            ])
-        ] == dirname
-
-    def test_rfc822name(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_rfc822_idna.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        san = ext.value
-
-        rfc822name = san.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
-        assert [u"email@em\xe5\xefl.com"] == rfc822name
-
-    def test_idna2003_invalid(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_idna2003_dnsname.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        san = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-            x509.SubjectAlternativeName
-        ).value
-
-        assert len(san) == 1
-        [name] = san
-        assert name.bytes_value == b"xn--k4h.ws"
-        with pytest.raises(UnicodeError):
-            name.value
-
-    def test_unicode_rfc822_name_dns_name_uri(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_idna_names.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        rfc822_name = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
-        dns_name = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        uri = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.UniformResourceIdentifier)
-        assert rfc822_name == [u"email@\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"]
-        assert dns_name == [u"\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"]
-        assert uri == [u"https://www.\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"]
-
-    def test_rfc822name_dnsname_ipaddress_directoryname_uri(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_email_dns_ip_dirname_uri.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        san = ext.value
-
-        rfc822_name = san.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
-        uri = san.get_values_for_type(x509.UniformResourceIdentifier)
-        dns = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
-        ip = san.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
-        dirname = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DirectoryName)
-        assert [u"user@cryptography.io"] == rfc822_name
-        assert [u"https://cryptography.io"] == uri
-        assert [u"cryptography.io"] == dns
-        assert [
-            x509.Name([
-                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'dirCN'),
-                x509.NameAttribute(
-                    NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u'Cryptographic Authority'
-                ),
-            ])
-        ] == dirname
-        assert [
-            ipaddress.ip_address(u"127.0.0.1"),
-            ipaddress.ip_address(u"ff::")
-        ] == ip
-
-    def test_invalid_rfc822name(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_rfc822_names.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc:
-            cert.extensions
-
-        assert 'Invalid rfc822name value' in str(exc.value)
-
-    def test_other_name(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "san_other_name.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        expected = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"),
-                                  b'\x16\x0bHello World')
-        assert len(ext.value) == 1
-        assert list(ext.value)[0] == expected
-
-        othernames = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.OtherName)
-        assert othernames == [expected]
-
-    def test_certbuilder(self, backend):
-        sans = [b'*.example.org', b'*.xn--4ca7aey.example.com',
-                b'foobar.example.net']
-        private_key = RSA_KEY_2048.private_key(backend)
-        builder = _make_certbuilder(private_key)
-        builder = builder.add_extension(
-            SubjectAlternativeName(list(map(DNSName, sans))), True)
-
-        cert = builder.sign(private_key, hashes.SHA1(), backend)
-        result = [
-            x.bytes_value
-            for x in cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-                SubjectAlternativeName
-            ).value
-        ]
-        assert result == sans
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestExtendedKeyUsageExtension(object):
-    def test_eku(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "extended_key_usage.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert [
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.37.0"),
-            x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.113730.4.1"),
-        ] == list(ext.value)
-
-
-class TestAccessDescription(object):
-    def test_invalid_access_method(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.AccessDescription("notanoid", x509.DNSName(b"test"))
-
-    def test_invalid_access_location(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS, "invalid"
-            )
-
-    def test_valid_nonstandard_method(self):
-        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
-            ObjectIdentifier("2.999.1"),
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://example.com")
-        )
-        assert ad is not None
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(ad) == (
-                "<AccessDescription(access_method=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6"
-                ".1.5.5.7.48.1, name=OCSP)>, access_location=<UniformResource"
-                "Identifier(bytes_value=b'http://ocsp.domain.com')>)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(ad) == (
-                "<AccessDescription(access_method=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6"
-                ".1.5.5.7.48.1, name=OCSP)>, access_location=<UniformResource"
-                "Identifier(bytes_value='http://ocsp.domain.com')>)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        ad2 = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        assert ad == ad2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        ad2 = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        ad3 = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://notthesame")
-        )
-        assert ad != ad2
-        assert ad != ad3
-        assert ad != object()
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        ad2 = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        ad3 = x509.AccessDescription(
-            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-        )
-        assert hash(ad) == hash(ad2)
-        assert hash(ad) != hash(ad3)
-
-
-class TestPolicyConstraints(object):
-    def test_invalid_explicit_policy(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.PolicyConstraints("invalid", None)
-
-    def test_invalid_inhibit_policy(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.PolicyConstraints(None, "invalid")
-
-    def test_both_none(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.PolicyConstraints(None, None)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        pc = x509.PolicyConstraints(0, None)
-
-        assert repr(pc) == (
-            u"<PolicyConstraints(require_explicit_policy=0, inhibit_policy_ma"
-            u"pping=None)>"
-        )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        pc = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 1)
-        pc2 = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 1)
-        assert pc == pc2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        pc = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 1)
-        pc2 = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 2)
-        pc3 = x509.PolicyConstraints(3, 1)
-        assert pc != pc2
-        assert pc != pc3
-        assert pc != object()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestPolicyConstraintsExtension(object):
-    def test_inhibit_policy_mapping(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "department-of-state-root.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS,
-        )
-        assert ext.critical is True
-
-        assert ext.value == x509.PolicyConstraints(
-            require_explicit_policy=None, inhibit_policy_mapping=0,
-        )
-
-    def test_require_explicit_policy(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "policy_constraints_explicit.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS
-        )
-        assert ext.critical is True
-        assert ext.value == x509.PolicyConstraints(
-            require_explicit_policy=1, inhibit_policy_mapping=None,
-        )
-
-
-class TestAuthorityInformationAccess(object):
-    def test_invalid_descriptions(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.AuthorityInformationAccess(["notanAccessDescription"])
-
-    def test_iter_len(self):
-        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            )
-        ])
-        assert len(aia) == 2
-        assert list(aia) == [
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            )
-        ]
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        desc = [
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            )
-        ]
-        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess(iter(desc))
-        assert list(aia) == desc
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            )
-        ])
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(aia) == (
-                "<AuthorityInformationAccess([<AccessDescription(access_method"
-                "=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1, name=OCSP)>, acces"
-                "s_location=<UniformResourceIdentifier(bytes_value=b'http://oc"
-                "sp.domain.com')>)>, <AccessDescription(access_method=<ObjectI"
-                "dentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2, name=caIssuers)>, access_lo"
-                "cation=<UniformResourceIdentifier(bytes_value=b'http://domain"
-                ".com/ca.crt')>)>])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(aia) == (
-                "<AuthorityInformationAccess([<AccessDescription(access_method"
-                "=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1, name=OCSP)>, acces"
-                "s_location=<UniformResourceIdentifier(bytes_value='http://oc"
-                "sp.domain.com')>)>, <AccessDescription(access_method=<ObjectI"
-                "dentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2, name=caIssuers)>, access_lo"
-                "cation=<UniformResourceIdentifier(bytes_value='http://domain"
-                ".com/ca.crt')>)>])>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            )
-        ])
-        aia2 = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            )
-        ])
-        assert aia == aia2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            )
-        ])
-        aia2 = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-        ])
-
-        assert aia != aia2
-        assert aia != object()
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp2.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp3.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp4.domain.com")
-            ),
-        ])
-        assert aia[-1] == aia[4]
-        assert aia[2:6:2] == [aia[2], aia[4]]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestAuthorityInformationAccessExtension(object):
-    def test_aia_ocsp_ca_issuers(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://gv.symcd.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://gv.symcb.com/gv.crt")
-            ),
-        ])
-
-    def test_aia_multiple_ocsp_ca_issuers(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "aia_ocsp_ca_issuers.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp2.domain.com")
-            ),
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.DirectoryName(x509.Name([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN"),
-                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
-                                       u"some Org"),
-                ]))
-            ),
-        ])
-
-    def test_aia_ocsp_only(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "aia_ocsp.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://ocsp.domain.com")
-            ),
-        ])
-
-    def test_aia_ca_issuers_only(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "aia_ca_issuers.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
-            x509.AccessDescription(
-                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
-                x509.DirectoryName(x509.Name([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN"),
-                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
-                                       u"some Org"),
-                ]))
-            ),
-        ])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestAuthorityKeyIdentifierExtension(object):
-    def test_aki_keyid(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "cryptography.io.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value.key_identifier == (
-            b"\xc3\x9c\xf3\xfc\xd3F\x084\xbb\xceF\x7f\xa0|[\xf3\xe2\x08\xcbY"
-        )
-        assert ext.value.authority_cert_issuer is None
-        assert ext.value.authority_cert_serial_number is None
-
-    def test_aki_all_fields(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "authority_key_identifier.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value.key_identifier == (
-            b"9E>\xca=b\x1d\xea\x86I\xf6Z\xab@\xb7\xa4p\x98\xf1\xec"
-        )
-        assert ext.value.authority_cert_issuer == [
-            x509.DirectoryName(
-                x509.Name([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(
-                        NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"PyCA"
-                    ),
-                    x509.NameAttribute(
-                        NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography.io"
-                    )
-                ])
-            )
-        ]
-        assert ext.value.authority_cert_serial_number == 3
-
-    def test_aki_no_keyid(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "authority_key_identifier_no_keyid.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        assert ext is not None
-        assert ext.critical is False
-
-        assert ext.value.key_identifier is None
-        assert ext.value.authority_cert_issuer == [
-            x509.DirectoryName(
-                x509.Name([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(
-                        NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"PyCA"
-                    ),
-                    x509.NameAttribute(
-                        NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography.io"
-                    )
-                ])
-            )
-        ]
-        assert ext.value.authority_cert_serial_number == 3
-
-    def test_from_certificate(self, backend):
-        issuer_cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "rapidssl_sha256_ca_g3.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_public_key(
-            issuer_cert.public_key()
-        )
-        assert ext.value == aki
-
-    def test_from_issuer_subject_key_identifier(self, backend):
-        issuer_cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "rapidssl_sha256_ca_g3.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
-        )
-        ski = issuer_cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-            x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier
-        )
-        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier(
-            ski
-        )
-        assert ext.value == aki
-
-
-class TestNameConstraints(object):
-    def test_ipaddress_wrong_type(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.NameConstraints(
-                permitted_subtrees=[
-                    x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
-                ],
-                excluded_subtrees=None
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.NameConstraints(
-                permitted_subtrees=None,
-                excluded_subtrees=[
-                    x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
-                ]
-            )
-
-    def test_ipaddress_allowed_type(self):
-        permitted = [x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/29"))]
-        excluded = [x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"10.10.0.0/24"))]
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=permitted,
-            excluded_subtrees=excluded
-        )
-        assert nc.permitted_subtrees == permitted
-        assert nc.excluded_subtrees == excluded
-
-    def test_invalid_permitted_subtrees(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.NameConstraints("badpermitted", None)
-
-    def test_invalid_excluded_subtrees(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.NameConstraints(None, "badexcluded")
-
-    def test_no_subtrees(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.NameConstraints(None, None)
-
-    def test_permitted_none(self):
-        excluded = [x509.DNSName(b"name.local")]
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=None, excluded_subtrees=excluded
-        )
-        assert nc.permitted_subtrees is None
-        assert nc.excluded_subtrees is not None
-
-    def test_excluded_none(self):
-        permitted = [x509.DNSName(b"name.local")]
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=permitted, excluded_subtrees=None
-        )
-        assert nc.permitted_subtrees is not None
-        assert nc.excluded_subtrees is None
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        subtrees = [x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/24"))]
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(iter(subtrees), iter(subtrees))
-        assert list(nc.permitted_subtrees) == subtrees
-        assert list(nc.excluded_subtrees) == subtrees
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        permitted = [x509.DNSName(b"name.local"), x509.DNSName(b"name2.local")]
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=permitted,
-            excluded_subtrees=None
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(nc) == (
-                "<NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees=[<DNSName("
-                "bytes_value=b'name.local')>, <DNSName(bytes_value="
-                "b'name2.local')>], excluded_subtrees=None)>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(nc) == (
-                "<NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees=[<DNSName("
-                "bytes_value='name.local')>, <DNSName(bytes_value="
-                "'name2.local')>], excluded_subtrees=None)>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name.local")],
-            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name2.local")]
-        )
-        nc2 = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name.local")],
-            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name2.local")]
-        )
-        assert nc == nc2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name.local")],
-            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name2.local")]
-        )
-        nc2 = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name.local")],
-            excluded_subtrees=None
-        )
-        nc3 = x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=None,
-            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(b"name2.local")]
-        )
-
-        assert nc != nc2
-        assert nc != nc3
-        assert nc != object()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestNameConstraintsExtension(object):
-    def test_permitted_excluded(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted_excluded_2.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-        ).value
-        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[
-                x509.DNSName(b"zombo.local"),
-            ],
-            excluded_subtrees=[
-                x509.DirectoryName(x509.Name([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"zombo")
-                ]))
-            ]
-        )
-
-    def test_permitted(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted_2.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-        ).value
-        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[
-                x509.DNSName(b"zombo.local"),
-            ],
-            excluded_subtrees=None
-        )
-
-    def test_permitted_with_leading_period(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-        ).value
-        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[
-                x509.DNSName(b".cryptography.io"),
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://cryptography.test")
-            ],
-            excluded_subtrees=None
-        )
-
-    def test_excluded_with_leading_period(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_excluded.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-        ).value
-        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=None,
-            excluded_subtrees=[
-                x509.DNSName(b".cryptography.io"),
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"gopher://cryptography.test")
-            ]
-        )
-
-    def test_permitted_excluded_with_ips(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted_excluded.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-        ).value
-        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[
-                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/24")),
-                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Network(u"FF:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/96")),
-            ],
-            excluded_subtrees=[
-                x509.DNSName(b".domain.com"),
-                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://test.local"),
-            ]
-        )
-
-    def test_single_ip_netmask(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_single_ip_netmask.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-        ).value
-        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
-            permitted_subtrees=[
-                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Network(u"FF:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/128")),
-                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.1/32")),
-            ],
-            excluded_subtrees=None
-        )
-
-    def test_invalid_netmask(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "nc_invalid_ip_netmask.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-                ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
-            )
-
-    def test_certbuilder(self, backend):
-        permitted = [b'.example.org', b'.xn--4ca7aey.example.com',
-                     b'foobar.example.net']
-        private_key = RSA_KEY_2048.private_key(backend)
-        builder = _make_certbuilder(private_key)
-        builder = builder.add_extension(
-            NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees=list(map(DNSName, permitted)),
-                            excluded_subtrees=[]), True)
-
-        cert = builder.sign(private_key, hashes.SHA1(), backend)
-        result = [
-            x.bytes_value
-            for x in cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-                NameConstraints
-            ).value.permitted_subtrees
-        ]
-        assert result == permitted
-
-
-class TestDistributionPoint(object):
-    def test_distribution_point_full_name_not_general_names(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(["notgn"], None, None, None)
-
-    def test_distribution_point_relative_name_not_name(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(None, "notname", None, None)
-
-    def test_distribution_point_full_and_relative_not_none(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint("data", "notname", None, None)
-
-    def test_crl_issuer_not_general_names(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(None, None, None, ["notgn"])
-
-    def test_reason_not_reasonflags(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-                None,
-                frozenset(["notreasonflags"]),
-                None
-            )
-
-    def test_reason_not_frozenset(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-                None,
-                [x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise],
-                None
-            )
-
-    def test_disallowed_reasons(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified]),
-                None
-            )
-
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.remove_from_crl]),
-                None
-            )
-
-    def test_reason_only(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                None,
-                None,
-                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.aa_compromise]),
-                None
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
-            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-            None,
-            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.superseded]),
-            [
-                x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
-                        )
-                    ])
-                )
-            ],
-        )
-        dp2 = x509.DistributionPoint(
-            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-            None,
-            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.superseded]),
-            [
-                x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
-                        )
-                    ])
-                )
-            ],
-        )
-        assert dp == dp2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
-            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-            None,
-            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.superseded]),
-            [
-                x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
-                        )
-                    ])
-                )
-            ],
-        )
-        dp2 = x509.DistributionPoint(
-            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")],
-            None,
-            None,
-            None
-        )
-        assert dp != dp2
-        assert dp != object()
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        name = [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://crypt.og/crl")]
-        issuer = [
-            x509.DirectoryName(
-                x509.Name([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA")
-                ])
-            )
-        ]
-        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
-            iter(name),
-            None,
-            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise]),
-            iter(issuer),
-        )
-        assert list(dp.full_name) == name
-        assert list(dp.crl_issuer) == issuer
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
-            None,
-            x509.RelativeDistinguishedName([
-                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN")
-            ]),
-            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise]),
-            [
-                x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
-                        )
-                    ])
-                )
-            ],
-        )
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(dp) == (
-                "<DistributionPoint(full_name=None, relative_name=<RelativeDis"
-                "tinguishedName([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5."
-                "4.3, name=commonName)>, value='myCN')>])>, reasons=frozenset("
-                "{<ReasonFlags.ca_compromise: 'cACompromise'>}), crl_issuer=[<"
-                "DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifi"
-                "er(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value='Important CA')>])>)"
-                ">])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(dp) == (
-                "<DistributionPoint(full_name=None, relative_name=<RelativeDis"
-                "tinguishedName([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5."
-                "4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'myCN')>])>, reasons=frozenset"
-                "([<ReasonFlags.ca_compromise: 'cACompromise'>]), crl_issuer=["
-                "<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentif"
-                "ier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'Important CA')>])"
-                ">)>])>"
-            )
-
-
-class TestCRLDistributionPoints(object):
-    def test_invalid_distribution_points(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.CRLDistributionPoints(["notadistributionpoint"])
-
-    def test_iter_len(self):
-        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain")],
-                None,
-                None,
-                None
-            ),
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                None
-            ),
-        ])
-        assert len(cdp) == 2
-        assert list(cdp) == [
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain")],
-                None,
-                None,
-                None
-            ),
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                None
-            ),
-        ]
-
-    def test_iter_input(self):
-        points = [
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"http://domain")],
-                None,
-                None,
-                None
-            ),
-        ]
-        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints(iter(points))
-        assert list(cdp) == points
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise]),
-                None
-            ),
-        ])
-        if six.PY3:
-            assert repr(cdp) == (
-                "<CRLDistributionPoints([<DistributionPoint(full_name=[<Unifo"
-                "rmResourceIdentifier(bytes_value=b'ftp://domain')>], relative"
-                "_name=None, reasons=frozenset({<ReasonFlags.key_compromise: "
-                "'keyCompromise'>}), crl_issuer=None)>])>"
-            )
-        else:
-            assert repr(cdp) == (
-                "<CRLDistributionPoints([<DistributionPoint(full_name=[<Unifo"
-                "rmResourceIdentifier(bytes_value='ftp://domain')>], relative"
-                "_name=None, reasons=frozenset([<ReasonFlags.key_compromise: "
-                "'keyCompromise'>]), crl_issuer=None)>])>"
-            )
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        cdp2 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        assert cdp == cdp2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        cdp2 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain2")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        cdp3 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise]),
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        cdp4 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"ftp://domain")],
-                None,
-                frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                ]),
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing2")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        assert cdp != cdp2
-        assert cdp != cdp3
-        assert cdp != cdp4
-        assert cdp != object()
-
-    def test_indexing(self):
-        ci = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                None, None, None,
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing")],
-            ),
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                None, None, None,
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing2")],
-            ),
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                None, None, None,
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing3")],
-            ),
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                None, None, None,
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing4")],
-            ),
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                None, None, None,
-                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(b"uri://thing5")],
-            ),
-        ])
-        assert ci[-1] == ci[4]
-        assert ci[2:6:2] == [ci[2], ci[4]]
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestCRLDistributionPointsExtension(object):
-    def test_fullname_and_crl_issuer(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "ValidcRLIssuerTest28EE.crt"
-            ),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=[x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
-                            u"Test Certificates 2011"
-                        ),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
-                            u"indirectCRL CA3 cRLIssuer"
-                        ),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME,
-                            u"indirect CRL for indirectCRL CA3"
-                        ),
-                    ])
-                )],
-                relative_name=None,
-                reasons=None,
-                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
-                            u"Test Certificates 2011"
-                        ),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
-                            u"indirectCRL CA3 cRLIssuer"
-                        ),
-                    ])
-                )],
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_relativename_and_crl_issuer(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "ValidcRLIssuerTest29EE.crt"
-            ),
-            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=None,
-                relative_name=x509.RelativeDistinguishedName([
-                    x509.NameAttribute(
-                        NameOID.COMMON_NAME,
-                        u"indirect CRL for indirectCRL CA3"
-                    ),
-                ]),
-                reasons=None,
-                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
-                            u"Test Certificates 2011"
-                        ),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
-                            u"indirectCRL CA3 cRLIssuer"
-                        ),
-                    ])
-                )],
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_fullname_crl_issuer_reasons(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cdp_fullname_reasons_crl_issuer.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-                    u"http://myhost.com/myca.crl"
-                )],
-                relative_name=None,
-                reasons=frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise
-                ]),
-                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"PyCA"
-                        ),
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography CA"
-                        ),
-                    ])
-                )],
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_all_reasons(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cdp_all_reasons.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-                    u"http://domain.com/some.crl"
-                )],
-                relative_name=None,
-                reasons=frozenset([
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.affiliation_changed,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.superseded,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.privilege_withdrawn,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.cessation_of_operation,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.aa_compromise,
-                    x509.ReasonFlags.certificate_hold,
-                ]),
-                crl_issuer=None
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_single_reason(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cdp_reason_aa_compromise.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-                    u"http://domain.com/some.crl"
-                )],
-                relative_name=None,
-                reasons=frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.aa_compromise]),
-                crl_issuer=None
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_crl_issuer_only(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cdp_crl_issuer.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=None,
-                relative_name=None,
-                reasons=None,
-                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
-                    x509.Name([
-                        x509.NameAttribute(
-                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography CA"
-                        ),
-                    ])
-                )],
-            )
-        ])
-
-    def test_crl_empty_hostname(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cdp_empty_hostname.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-
-        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
-        ).value
-
-        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
-            x509.DistributionPoint(
-                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
-                    u"ldap:/CN=A,OU=B,dc=C,DC=D?E?F?G?H=I"
-                )],
-                relative_name=None,
-                reasons=None,
-                crl_issuer=None
-            )
-        ])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestOCSPNoCheckExtension(object):
-    def test_nocheck(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "ocsp_nocheck.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.OCSP_NO_CHECK
-        )
-        assert isinstance(ext.value, x509.OCSPNoCheck)
-
-
-class TestInhibitAnyPolicy(object):
-    def test_not_int(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.InhibitAnyPolicy("notint")
-
-    def test_negative_int(self):
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(-1)
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(0)
-        assert repr(iap) == "<InhibitAnyPolicy(skip_certs=0)>"
-
-    def test_eq(self):
-        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
-        iap2 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
-        assert iap == iap2
-
-    def test_ne(self):
-        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
-        iap2 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(4)
-        assert iap != iap2
-        assert iap != object()
-
-    def test_hash(self):
-        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
-        iap2 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
-        iap3 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(4)
-        assert hash(iap) == hash(iap2)
-        assert hash(iap) != hash(iap3)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestInhibitAnyPolicyExtension(object):
-    def test_nocheck(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "inhibit_any_policy_5.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        iap = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            ExtensionOID.INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY
-        ).value
-        assert iap.skip_certs == 5
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestPrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestampsExtension(object):
-    def test_init(self):
-        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-            x509.PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps([object()])
-
-    def test_repr(self):
-        assert repr(x509.PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps([])) == (
-            "<PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps([])>"
-        )
-
-    @pytest.mark.supported(
-        only_if=lambda backend: (
-            backend._lib.CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_110F_OR_GREATER),
-        skip_message="Requires OpenSSL 1.1.0f+",
-    )
-    def test_simple(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "badssl-sct.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        scts = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-            x509.PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps
-        ).value
-        assert len(scts) == 1
-        [sct] = scts
-        assert scts[0] == sct
-        assert sct.version == x509.certificate_transparency.Version.v1
-        assert sct.log_id == (
-            b"\xa7\xceJNb\x07\xe0\xad\xde\xe5\xfd\xaaK\x1f\x86v\x87g\xb5\xd0"
-            b"\x02\xa5]G1\x0e~g\n\x95\xea\xb2"
-        )
-        assert sct.timestamp == datetime.datetime(
-            2016, 11, 17, 1, 56, 25, 396000
-        )
-        assert (
-            sct.entry_type ==
-            x509.certificate_transparency.LogEntryType.PRE_CERTIFICATE
-        )
-
-    @pytest.mark.supported(
-        only_if=lambda backend: (
-            not backend._lib.CRYPTOGRAPHY_OPENSSL_110_OR_GREATER),
-        skip_message="Requires OpenSSL < 1.1.0",
-    )
-    def test_skips_scts_if_unsupported(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join("x509", "badssl-sct.pem"),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        assert len(cert.extensions) == 10
-        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound):
-            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
-                x509.PrecertificateSignedCertificateTimestamps
-            )
-
-        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
-            x509.ExtensionOID.PRECERT_SIGNED_CERTIFICATE_TIMESTAMPS
-        )
-        assert isinstance(ext.value, x509.UnrecognizedExtension)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
-@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
-class TestInvalidExtension(object):
-    def test_invalid_certificate_policies_data(self, backend):
-        cert = _load_cert(
-            os.path.join(
-                "x509", "custom", "cp_invalid.pem"
-            ),
-            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
-            backend
-        )
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-            cert.extensions