Merge branch 'master' into cross-testing-patch-1

23 files changed, 2281 insertions, 653 deletions

diff --git a/googlemock/test/BUILD.bazel b/googlemock/test/BUILD.bazel
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0fe72a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/googlemock/test/BUILD.bazel
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
+# All Rights Reserved.
+#
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+# distribution.
+#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+# Author: misterg@google.com (Gennadiy Civil)
+#
+#   Bazel Build for Google C++ Testing Framework(Google Test)-googlemock
+
+licenses(["notice"])
+
+""" gmock own tests """
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "gmock_all_test",
+    size = "small",
+    srcs = glob(
+        include = [
+            "gmock-*.cc",
+        ],
+    ),
+    linkopts = select({
+        "//:windows": [],
+        "//:windows_msvc": [],
+        "//conditions:default": [
+            "-pthread",
+        ],
+    }),
+    deps = ["//:gtest"],
+)
+
+#  Py tests
+
+py_library(
+    name = "gmock_test_utils",
+    testonly = 1,
+    srcs = ["gmock_test_utils.py"],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "gmock_leak_test_",
+    testonly = 1,
+    srcs = ["gmock_leak_test_.cc"],
+    deps = [
+        "//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+py_test(
+    name = "gmock_leak_test",
+    size = "medium",
+    srcs = ["gmock_leak_test.py"],
+    data = [
+        ":gmock_leak_test_",
+        ":gmock_test_utils",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "gmock_link_test",
+    size = "small",
+    srcs = [
+        "gmock_link2_test.cc",
+        "gmock_link_test.cc",
+        "gmock_link_test.h",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "gmock_output_test_",
+    srcs = ["gmock_output_test_.cc"],
+    deps = [
+        "//:gtest",
+    ],
+)
+
+py_test(
+    name = "gmock_output_test",
+    size = "medium",
+    srcs = ["gmock_output_test.py"],
+    data = [
+        ":gmock_output_test_",
+        ":gmock_output_test_golden.txt",
+    ],
+    deps = [":gmock_test_utils"],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "gmock_test",
+    size = "small",
+    srcs = ["gmock_test.cc"],
+    deps = [
+        "//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
index f470de4c..e8bdbee7 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@
 //
 // This file tests the built-in actions.
 
+// Silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
+// to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 14,15
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#if _MSC_VER <= 1900
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable:4800)
+#endif
+#endif
+
 #include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
@@ -65,6 +74,7 @@ using testing::ReturnRef;
 using testing::ReturnRefOfCopy;
 using testing::SetArgPointee;
 using testing::SetArgumentPointee;
+using testing::Unused;
 using testing::_;
 using testing::get;
 using testing::internal::BuiltInDefaultValue;
@@ -78,10 +88,6 @@ using testing::tuple_element;
 using testing::SetErrnoAndReturn;
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PROTOBUF_
-using testing::internal::TestMessage;
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PROTOBUF_
-
 // Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T*>::Get() returns NULL.
 TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsNullForPointerTypes) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int*>::Get() == NULL);
@@ -107,7 +113,11 @@ TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsZeroForNumericTypes) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed wchar_t>::Get());
 #endif
 #if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
+#if !defined(__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__)
   EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
+#endif
 #endif
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned short>::Get());  // NOLINT
   EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed short>::Get());  // NOLINT
@@ -214,7 +224,7 @@ class MyNonDefaultConstructible {
   int value_;
 };
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForDefaultConstructibleType) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
@@ -224,7 +234,7 @@ TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsDefaultConstructedForDefaultConstructibleType) {
   EXPECT_EQ(42, BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Get().value());
 }
 
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TYPE_TRAITS_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, DoesNotExistForNonDefaultConstructibleType) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
@@ -700,6 +710,9 @@ class MockClass {
   MOCK_METHOD0(MakeUnique, std::unique_ptr<int>());
   MOCK_METHOD0(MakeUniqueBase, std::unique_ptr<Base>());
   MOCK_METHOD0(MakeVectorUnique, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>>());
+  MOCK_METHOD1(TakeUnique, int(std::unique_ptr<int>));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(TakeUnique,
+               int(const std::unique_ptr<int>&, std::unique_ptr<int>));
 #endif
 
  private:
@@ -878,105 +891,6 @@ TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsWideCharPointer) {
 # endif
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PROTOBUF_
-
-// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>(proto_buffer) sets the v1 protobuf
-// variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based) argument to proto_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProtoBufferType) {
-  TestMessage* const msg = new TestMessage;
-  msg->set_member("yes");
-  TestMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, TestMessage*)> a = SetArgPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgPointee<N>(proto_buffer) makes a copy of proto_buffer
-  // s.t. the action works even when the original proto_buffer has
-  // died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg before using the
-  // action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  TestMessage dest;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, &dest));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-}
-
-// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>(proto_buffer) sets the
-// ::ProtocolMessage variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based)
-// argument to proto_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProtoBufferBaseType) {
-  TestMessage* const msg = new TestMessage;
-  msg->set_member("yes");
-  TestMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, ::ProtocolMessage*)> a = SetArgPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgPointee<N>(proto_buffer) makes a copy of proto_buffer
-  // s.t. the action works even when the original proto_buffer has
-  // died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg before using the
-  // action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  TestMessage dest;
-  ::ProtocolMessage* const dest_base = &dest;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, dest_base));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-}
-
-// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) sets the v2
-// protobuf variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based) argument to
-// proto2_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProto2BufferType) {
-  using testing::internal::FooMessage;
-  FooMessage* const msg = new FooMessage;
-  msg->set_int_field(2);
-  msg->set_string_field("hi");
-  FooMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, FooMessage*)> a = SetArgPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) makes a copy of
-  // proto2_buffer s.t. the action works even when the original
-  // proto2_buffer has died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg
-  // before using the action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  FooMessage dest;
-  dest.set_int_field(0);
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, &dest));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, dest.int_field());
-  EXPECT_EQ("hi", dest.string_field());
-}
-
-// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) sets the
-// proto2::Message variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based) argument
-// to proto2_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProto2BufferBaseType) {
-  using testing::internal::FooMessage;
-  FooMessage* const msg = new FooMessage;
-  msg->set_int_field(2);
-  msg->set_string_field("hi");
-  FooMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, ::proto2::Message*)> a = SetArgPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) makes a copy of
-  // proto2_buffer s.t. the action works even when the original
-  // proto2_buffer has died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg
-  // before using the action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  FooMessage dest;
-  dest.set_int_field(0);
-  ::proto2::Message* const dest_base = &dest;
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, dest_base));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, dest.int_field());
-  EXPECT_EQ("hi", dest.string_field());
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PROTOBUF_
-
 // Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(v) sets the variable pointed to by
 // the N-th (0-based) argument to v.
 TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointee) {
@@ -997,105 +911,6 @@ TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointee) {
   EXPECT_EQ('a', ch);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_PROTOBUF_
-
-// Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto_buffer) sets the v1 protobuf
-// variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based) argument to proto_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProtoBufferType) {
-  TestMessage* const msg = new TestMessage;
-  msg->set_member("yes");
-  TestMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, TestMessage*)> a = SetArgumentPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto_buffer) makes a copy of proto_buffer
-  // s.t. the action works even when the original proto_buffer has
-  // died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg before using the
-  // action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  TestMessage dest;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, &dest));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-}
-
-// Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto_buffer) sets the
-// ::ProtocolMessage variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based)
-// argument to proto_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProtoBufferBaseType) {
-  TestMessage* const msg = new TestMessage;
-  msg->set_member("yes");
-  TestMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, ::ProtocolMessage*)> a = SetArgumentPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto_buffer) makes a copy of proto_buffer
-  // s.t. the action works even when the original proto_buffer has
-  // died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg before using the
-  // action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  TestMessage dest;
-  ::ProtocolMessage* const dest_base = &dest;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, dest_base));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(orig_msg.Equals(dest));
-}
-
-// Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) sets the v2
-// protobuf variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based) argument to
-// proto2_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProto2BufferType) {
-  using testing::internal::FooMessage;
-  FooMessage* const msg = new FooMessage;
-  msg->set_int_field(2);
-  msg->set_string_field("hi");
-  FooMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, FooMessage*)> a = SetArgumentPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) makes a copy of
-  // proto2_buffer s.t. the action works even when the original
-  // proto2_buffer has died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg
-  // before using the action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  FooMessage dest;
-  dest.set_int_field(0);
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, &dest));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, dest.int_field());
-  EXPECT_EQ("hi", dest.string_field());
-}
-
-// Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) sets the
-// proto2::Message variable pointed to by the N-th (0-based) argument
-// to proto2_buffer.
-TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointeeOfProto2BufferBaseType) {
-  using testing::internal::FooMessage;
-  FooMessage* const msg = new FooMessage;
-  msg->set_int_field(2);
-  msg->set_string_field("hi");
-  FooMessage orig_msg;
-  orig_msg.CopyFrom(*msg);
-
-  Action<void(bool, ::proto2::Message*)> a = SetArgumentPointee<1>(*msg);
-  // SetArgumentPointee<N>(proto2_buffer) makes a copy of
-  // proto2_buffer s.t. the action works even when the original
-  // proto2_buffer has died.  We ensure this behavior by deleting msg
-  // before using the action.
-  delete msg;
-
-  FooMessage dest;
-  dest.set_int_field(0);
-  ::proto2::Message* const dest_base = &dest;
-  a.Perform(make_tuple(true, dest_base));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, dest.int_field());
-  EXPECT_EQ("hi", dest.string_field());
-}
-
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PROTOBUF_
-
 // Sample functions and functors for testing Invoke() and etc.
 int Nullary() { return 1; }
 
@@ -1406,6 +1221,153 @@ TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_Invoke) {
   EXPECT_EQ(7, *vresult[0]);
 }
 
+TEST(MockMethodTest, CanTakeMoveOnlyValue) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  auto make = [](int i) { return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i)); };
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillRepeatedly([](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
+    return *i;
+  });
+  // DoAll() does not compile, since it would move from its arguments twice.
+  // EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_, _))
+  //     .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(Invoke([](std::unique_ptr<int> j) {}),
+  //     Return(1)));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(testing::Pointee(7)))
+      .WillOnce(Return(-7))
+      .RetiresOnSaturation();
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(testing::IsNull()))
+      .WillOnce(Return(-1))
+      .RetiresOnSaturation();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, mock.TakeUnique(make(5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, mock.TakeUnique({}));
+
+  // Some arguments are moved, some passed by reference.
+  auto lvalue = make(6);
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_, _))
+      .WillOnce([](const std::unique_ptr<int>& i, std::unique_ptr<int> j) {
+        return *i * *j;
+      });
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, mock.TakeUnique(lvalue, make(7)));
+
+  // The unique_ptr can be saved by the action.
+  std::unique_ptr<int> saved;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillOnce([&saved](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
+    saved = std::move(i);
+    return 0;
+  });
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, mock.TakeUnique(make(42)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, *saved);
+}
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// Tests for std::function based action.
+
+int Add(int val, int& ref, int* ptr) {  // NOLINT
+  int result = val + ref + *ptr;
+  ref = 42;
+  *ptr = 43;
+  return result;
+}
+
+int Deref(std::unique_ptr<int> ptr) { return *ptr; }
+
+struct Double {
+  template <typename T>
+  T operator()(T t) { return 2 * t; }
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<int> UniqueInt(int i) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromFunction) {
+  Action<int(int, int&, int*)> a = &Add;
+  int x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, a.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(x, y, &z)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, y);
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, z);
+
+  Action<int(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a1 = &Deref;
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(UniqueInt(7))));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromLambda) {
+  Action<int(bool, int)> a1 = [](bool b, int i) { return b ? i : 0; };
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(make_tuple(false, 5)));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<int> saved;
+  Action<void(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a2 = [&saved](std::unique_ptr<int> p) {
+    saved = std::move(p);
+  };
+  a2.Perform(make_tuple(UniqueInt(5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *saved);
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, PolymorphicFunctor) {
+  Action<int(int)> ai = Double();
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, ai.Perform(make_tuple(1)));
+  Action<double(double)> ad = Double();  // Double? Double double!
+  EXPECT_EQ(3.0, ad.Perform(make_tuple(1.5)));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, TypeConversion) {
+  // Numeric promotions are allowed.
+  const Action<bool(int)> a1 = [](int i) { return i > 1; };
+  const Action<int(bool)> a2 = Action<int(bool)>(a1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a1.Perform(make_tuple(42)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(make_tuple(42)));
+
+  // Implicit constructors are allowed.
+  const Action<bool(std::string)> s1 = [](std::string s) { return !s.empty(); };
+  const Action<int(const char*)> s2 = Action<int(const char*)>(s1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, s2.Perform(make_tuple("")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, s2.Perform(make_tuple("hello")));
+
+  // Also between the lambda and the action itself.
+  const Action<bool(std::string)> x = [](Unused) { return 42; };
+  EXPECT_TRUE(x.Perform(make_tuple("hello")));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, UnusedArguments) {
+  // Verify that users can ignore uninteresting arguments.
+  Action<int(int, double y, double z)> a =
+      [](int i, Unused, Unused) { return 2 * i; };
+  tuple<int, double, double> dummy = make_tuple(3, 7.3, 9.44);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, a.Perform(dummy));
+}
+
+// Test that basic built-in actions work with move-only arguments.
+// TODO(rburny): Currently, almost all ActionInterface-based actions will not
+// work, even if they only try to use other, copyable arguments. Implement them
+// if necessary (but note that DoAll cannot work on non-copyable types anyway -
+// so maybe it's better to make users use lambdas instead.
+TEST(MoveOnlyArgumentsTest, ReturningActions) {
+  Action<int(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a = Return(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a.Perform(make_tuple(nullptr)));
+
+  a = testing::WithoutArgs([]() { return 7; });
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, a.Perform(make_tuple(nullptr)));
+
+  Action<void(std::unique_ptr<int>, int*)> a2 = testing::SetArgPointee<1>(3);
+  int x = 0;
+  a2.Perform(make_tuple(nullptr, &x));
+  EXPECT_EQ(x, 3);
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 }  // Unnamed namespace
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#if _MSC_VER == 1900
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+#endif
+
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc
index 64815e57..04c792b5 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-cardinalities_test.cc
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ TEST(ExactlyTest, HasCorrectBounds) {
   EXPECT_EQ(3, c.ConservativeUpperBound());
 }
 
-// Tests that a user can make his own cardinality by implementing
+// Tests that a user can make their own cardinality by implementing
 // CardinalityInterface and calling MakeCardinality().
 
 class EvenCardinality : public CardinalityInterface {
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc
index 5ca5bc78..40bbe6d9 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ bool Unary(int x) { return x < 0; }
 
 const char* Plus1(const char* s) { return s + 1; }
 
-bool ByConstRef(const string& s) { return s == "Hi"; }
+bool ByConstRef(const std::string& s) { return s == "Hi"; }
 
 const double g_double = 0;
 bool ReferencesGlobalDouble(const double& x) { return &x == &g_double; }
 
-string ByNonConstRef(string& s) { return s += "+"; }  // NOLINT
+std::string ByNonConstRef(std::string& s) { return s += "+"; }  // NOLINT
 
 struct UnaryFunctor {
   int operator()(bool x) { return x ? 1 : -1; }
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ void VoidTernary(int, char, bool) { g_done = true; }
 
 int SumOf4(int a, int b, int c, int d) { return a + b + c + d; }
 
-string Concat4(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4;
+std::string Concat4(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4;
 }
 
 int SumOf5(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e) { return a + b + c + d + e; }
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ struct SumOf5Functor {
   }
 };
 
-string Concat5(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5;
+std::string Concat5(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5;
 }
 
 int SumOf6(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f) {
@@ -130,34 +130,34 @@ struct SumOf6Functor {
   }
 };
 
-string Concat6(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6;
+std::string Concat6(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6;
 }
 
-string Concat7(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-               const char* s7) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7;
+std::string Concat7(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                    const char* s7) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7;
 }
 
-string Concat8(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-               const char* s7, const char* s8) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8;
+std::string Concat8(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                    const char* s7, const char* s8) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8;
 }
 
-string Concat9(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-               const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9;
+std::string Concat9(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                    const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9;
 }
 
-string Concat10(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-                const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9,
-                const char* s10) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9 + s10;
+std::string Concat10(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                     const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                     const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9,
+                     const char* s10) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9 + s10;
 }
 
 // A helper that turns the type of a C-string literal from const
@@ -208,38 +208,37 @@ TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, Functor6) {
 
 // Tests using InvokeArgument with a 7-ary function.
 TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, Function7) {
-  Action<string(string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*))> a =
-      InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7");
+  Action<std::string(std::string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                    const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                    const char*))>
+      a = InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7");
   EXPECT_EQ("1234567", a.Perform(make_tuple(&Concat7)));
 }
 
 // Tests using InvokeArgument with a 8-ary function.
 TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, Function8) {
-  Action<string(string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*))> a =
-      InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8");
+  Action<std::string(std::string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                    const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                    const char*, const char*))>
+      a = InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8");
   EXPECT_EQ("12345678", a.Perform(make_tuple(&Concat8)));
 }
 
 // Tests using InvokeArgument with a 9-ary function.
 TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, Function9) {
-  Action<string(string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*, const char*))> a =
-      InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9");
+  Action<std::string(std::string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                    const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                                    const char*, const char*, const char*))>
+      a = InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9");
   EXPECT_EQ("123456789", a.Perform(make_tuple(&Concat9)));
 }
 
 // Tests using InvokeArgument with a 10-ary function.
 TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, Function10) {
-  Action<string(string(*)(const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                          const char*))> a =
-      InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "0");
+  Action<std::string(std::string(*)(
+      const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+      const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*))>
+      a = InvokeArgument<0>("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "0");
   EXPECT_EQ("1234567890", a.Perform(make_tuple(&Concat10)));
 }
 
@@ -260,8 +259,8 @@ TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, FunctionWithCStringLiteral) {
 
 // Tests using InvokeArgument with a function that takes a const reference.
 TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, ByConstReferenceFunction) {
-  Action<bool(bool(*function)(const string& s))> a =  // NOLINT
-      InvokeArgument<0>(string("Hi"));
+  Action<bool(bool (*function)(const std::string& s))> a =  // NOLINT
+      InvokeArgument<0>(std::string("Hi"));
   // When action 'a' is constructed, it makes a copy of the temporary
   // string object passed to it, so it's OK to use 'a' later, when the
   // temporary object has already died.
@@ -305,17 +304,18 @@ TEST(WithArgsTest, ThreeArgs) {
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 4 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, FourArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, double, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<4, 3, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat4));
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, double, const char*,
+                     const char*)>
+      a = WithArgs<4, 3, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat4));
   EXPECT_EQ("4310", a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), 2.5,
                                          CharPtr("3"), CharPtr("4"))));
 }
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 5 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, FiveArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<4, 3, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat5));
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*)>
+      a = WithArgs<4, 3, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat5));
   EXPECT_EQ("43210",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
                                  CharPtr("3"), CharPtr("4"))));
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ TEST(WithArgsTest, FiveArgs) {
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 6 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, SixArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
       WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat6));
   EXPECT_EQ("012210",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"))));
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ TEST(WithArgsTest, SixArgs) {
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 7 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, SevenArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
       WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat7));
   EXPECT_EQ("0123210",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ TEST(WithArgsTest, SevenArgs) {
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 8 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, EightArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
       WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(Concat8));
   EXPECT_EQ("01230123",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ TEST(WithArgsTest, EightArgs) {
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 9 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, NineArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
       WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3>(Invoke(Concat9));
   EXPECT_EQ("012312323",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ TEST(WithArgsTest, NineArgs) {
 
 // Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 10 arguments.
 TEST(WithArgsTest, TenArgs) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
       WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(Concat10));
   EXPECT_EQ("0123210123",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
@@ -374,10 +374,10 @@ class SubstractAction : public ActionInterface<int(int, int)> {  // NOLINT
 };
 
 TEST(WithArgsTest, NonInvokeAction) {
-  Action<int(const string&, int, int)> a =  // NOLINT
+  Action<int(const std::string&, int, int)> a =  // NOLINT
       WithArgs<2, 1>(MakeAction(new SubstractAction));
-  string s("hello");
-  EXPECT_EQ(8, a.Perform(tuple<const string&, int, int>(s, 2, 10)));
+  tuple<std::string, int, int> dummy = make_tuple(std::string("hi"), 2, 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, a.Perform(dummy));
 }
 
 // Tests using WithArgs to pass all original arguments in the original order.
@@ -754,7 +754,8 @@ TEST(ActionPMacroTest, CanReferenceArgumentAndParameterTypes) {
 TEST(ActionPMacroTest, WorksInCompatibleMockFunction) {
   Action<std::string(const std::string& s)> a1 = Plus("tail");
   const std::string re = "re";
-  EXPECT_EQ("retail", a1.Perform(tuple<const std::string&>(re)));
+  tuple<const std::string> dummy = make_tuple(re);
+  EXPECT_EQ("retail", a1.Perform(dummy));
 }
 
 // Tests that we can use ACTION*() to define actions overloaded on the
@@ -796,7 +797,8 @@ TEST(ActionPnMacroTest, WorksFor3Parameters) {
 
   Action<std::string(const std::string& s)> a2 = Plus("tail", "-", ">");
   const std::string re = "re";
-  EXPECT_EQ("retail->", a2.Perform(tuple<const std::string&>(re)));
+  tuple<const std::string> dummy = make_tuple(re);
+  EXPECT_EQ("retail->", a2.Perform(dummy));
 }
 
 ACTION_P4(Plus, p0, p1, p2, p3) { return arg0 + p0 + p1 + p2 + p3; }
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc
index a86a6135..0ff37556 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-function-mockers_test.cc
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
 namespace testing {
 namespace gmock_generated_function_mockers_test {
 
-using testing::internal::string;
 using testing::_;
 using testing::A;
 using testing::An;
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@ class FooInterface {
   virtual bool Unary(int x) = 0;
   virtual long Binary(short x, int y) = 0;  // NOLINT
   virtual int Decimal(bool b, char c, short d, int e, long f,  // NOLINT
-                      float g, double h, unsigned i, char* j, const string& k)
-      = 0;
+                      float g, double h, unsigned i, char* j,
+                      const std::string& k) = 0;
 
   virtual bool TakesNonConstReference(int& n) = 0;  // NOLINT
-  virtual string TakesConstReference(const int& n) = 0;
+  virtual std::string TakesConstReference(const int& n) = 0;
 #ifdef GMOCK_ALLOWS_CONST_PARAM_FUNCTIONS
   virtual bool TakesConst(const int x) = 0;
 #endif  // GMOCK_ALLOWS_CONST_PARAM_FUNCTIONS
@@ -101,13 +100,14 @@ class FooInterface {
   virtual char OverloadedOnConstness() const = 0;
 
   virtual int TypeWithHole(int (*func)()) = 0;
-  virtual int TypeWithComma(const std::map<int, string>& a_map) = 0;
+  virtual int TypeWithComma(const std::map<int, std::string>& a_map) = 0;
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   STDMETHOD_(int, CTNullary)() = 0;
   STDMETHOD_(bool, CTUnary)(int x) = 0;
-  STDMETHOD_(int, CTDecimal)(bool b, char c, short d, int e, long f,  // NOLINT
-      float g, double h, unsigned i, char* j, const string& k) = 0;
+  STDMETHOD_(int, CTDecimal)
+  (bool b, char c, short d, int e, long f,  // NOLINT
+   float g, double h, unsigned i, char* j, const std::string& k) = 0;
   STDMETHOD_(char, CTConst)(int x) const = 0;
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 };
@@ -133,19 +133,19 @@ class MockFoo : public FooInterface {
   MOCK_METHOD1(Unary, bool(int));  // NOLINT
   MOCK_METHOD2(Binary, long(short, int));  // NOLINT
   MOCK_METHOD10(Decimal, int(bool, char, short, int, long, float,  // NOLINT
-                             double, unsigned, char*, const string& str));
+                             double, unsigned, char*, const std::string& str));
 
   MOCK_METHOD1(TakesNonConstReference, bool(int&));  // NOLINT
-  MOCK_METHOD1(TakesConstReference, string(const int&));
+  MOCK_METHOD1(TakesConstReference, std::string(const int&));
 
 #ifdef GMOCK_ALLOWS_CONST_PARAM_FUNCTIONS
   MOCK_METHOD1(TakesConst, bool(const int));  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
   // Tests that the function return type can contain unprotected comma.
-  MOCK_METHOD0(ReturnTypeWithComma, std::map<int, string>());
+  MOCK_METHOD0(ReturnTypeWithComma, std::map<int, std::string>());
   MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(ReturnTypeWithComma,
-                     std::map<int, string>(int));  // NOLINT
+                     std::map<int, std::string>(int));  // NOLINT
 
   MOCK_METHOD0(OverloadedOnArgumentNumber, int());  // NOLINT
   MOCK_METHOD1(OverloadedOnArgumentNumber, int(int));  // NOLINT
@@ -157,19 +157,21 @@ class MockFoo : public FooInterface {
   MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(OverloadedOnConstness, char());  // NOLINT
 
   MOCK_METHOD1(TypeWithHole, int(int (*)()));  // NOLINT
-  MOCK_METHOD1(TypeWithComma, int(const std::map<int, string>&));  // NOLINT
+  MOCK_METHOD1(TypeWithComma,
+               int(const std::map<int, std::string>&));  // NOLINT
 
 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
   MOCK_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTNullary, int());
   MOCK_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTUnary, bool(int));
-  MOCK_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTDecimal, int(bool b, char c,
-      short d, int e, long f, float g, double h, unsigned i, char* j,
-      const string& k));
+  MOCK_METHOD10_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTDecimal,
+                              int(bool b, char c, short d, int e, long f,
+                                  float g, double h, unsigned i, char* j,
+                                  const std::string& k));
   MOCK_CONST_METHOD1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTConst, char(int));
 
   // Tests that the function return type can contain unprotected comma.
   MOCK_METHOD0_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, CTReturnTypeWithComma,
-                             std::map<int, string>());
+                             std::map<int, std::string>());
 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
  private:
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ TEST_F(FunctionMockerTest, MocksFunctionsOverloadedOnConstnessOfThis) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(FunctionMockerTest, MocksReturnTypeWithComma) {
-  const std::map<int, string> a_map;
+  const std::map<int, std::string> a_map;
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo_, ReturnTypeWithComma())
       .WillOnce(Return(a_map));
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo_, ReturnTypeWithComma(42))
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ TEST_F(FunctionMockerTest, MocksFunctionsConstFunctionWithCallType) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(FunctionMockerTest, MocksReturnTypeWithCommaAndCallType) {
-  const std::map<int, string> a_map;
+  const std::map<int, std::string> a_map;
   EXPECT_CALL(mock_foo_, CTReturnTypeWithComma())
       .WillOnce(Return(a_map));
 
@@ -618,5 +620,28 @@ TEST(MockFunctionTest, AsStdFunctionReturnsReference) {
 }
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
 
+struct MockMethodSizes0 {
+  MOCK_METHOD0(func, void());
+};
+struct MockMethodSizes1 {
+  MOCK_METHOD1(func, void(int));
+};
+struct MockMethodSizes2 {
+  MOCK_METHOD2(func, void(int, int));
+};
+struct MockMethodSizes3 {
+  MOCK_METHOD3(func, void(int, int, int));
+};
+struct MockMethodSizes4 {
+  MOCK_METHOD4(func, void(int, int, int, int));
+};
+
+TEST(MockFunctionTest, MockMethodSizeOverhead) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(MockMethodSizes0), sizeof(MockMethodSizes1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(MockMethodSizes0), sizeof(MockMethodSizes2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(MockMethodSizes0), sizeof(MockMethodSizes3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(MockMethodSizes0), sizeof(MockMethodSizes4));
+}
+
 }  // namespace gmock_generated_function_mockers_test
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-internal-utils_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-internal-utils_test.cc
index e0a535a3..2e5abe56 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-internal-utils_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-internal-utils_test.cc
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ TEST(MatcherTupleTest, ForSize2) {
 }
 
 TEST(MatcherTupleTest, ForSize5) {
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<tuple<Matcher<int>, Matcher<char>, Matcher<bool>,
-                                Matcher<double>, Matcher<char*> >,
-                          MatcherTuple<tuple<int, char, bool, double, char*>
-                                      >::type>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<
+      tuple<Matcher<int>, Matcher<char>, Matcher<bool>, Matcher<double>,
+            Matcher<char*> >,
+      MatcherTuple<tuple<int, char, bool, double, char*> >::type>();
 }
 
 // Tests the Function template struct.
@@ -97,8 +97,9 @@ TEST(FunctionTest, Binary) {
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<bool, F::Argument1>();
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<const long&, F::Argument2>();  // NOLINT
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<tuple<bool, const long&>, F::ArgumentTuple>();  // NOLINT
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<tuple<Matcher<bool>, Matcher<const long&> >,  // NOLINT
-                          F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<
+      tuple<Matcher<bool>, Matcher<const long&> >,  // NOLINT
+      F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>();
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<void(bool, const long&), F::MakeResultVoid>();  // NOLINT
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<IgnoredValue(bool, const long&),  // NOLINT
       F::MakeResultIgnoredValue>();
@@ -114,9 +115,10 @@ TEST(FunctionTest, LongArgumentList) {
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<const long&, F::Argument5>();  // NOLINT
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<tuple<bool, int, char*, int&, const long&>,  // NOLINT
                           F::ArgumentTuple>();
-  CompileAssertTypesEqual<tuple<Matcher<bool>, Matcher<int>, Matcher<char*>,
-                                Matcher<int&>, Matcher<const long&> >,  // NOLINT
-                          F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>();
+  CompileAssertTypesEqual<
+      tuple<Matcher<bool>, Matcher<int>, Matcher<char*>, Matcher<int&>,
+            Matcher<const long&> >,  // NOLINT
+      F::ArgumentMatcherTuple>();
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<void(bool, int, char*, int&, const long&),  // NOLINT
                           F::MakeResultVoid>();
   CompileAssertTypesEqual<
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc
index 0e9f77f5..0ebd4701 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-matchers_test.cc
@@ -31,10 +31,19 @@
 //
 // This file tests the built-in matchers generated by a script.
 
+// Silence warning C4244: 'initializing': conversion from 'int' to 'short',
+// possible loss of data and C4100, unreferenced local parameter
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(push)
+# pragma warning(disable:4244)
+# pragma warning(disable:4100)
+#endif
+
 #include "gmock/gmock-generated-matchers.h"
 
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
@@ -57,6 +66,8 @@ using testing::get;
 using testing::make_tuple;
 using testing::tuple;
 using testing::_;
+using testing::AllOf;
+using testing::AnyOf;
 using testing::Args;
 using testing::Contains;
 using testing::ElementsAre;
@@ -79,11 +90,10 @@ using testing::StaticAssertTypeEq;
 using testing::StrEq;
 using testing::Value;
 using testing::internal::ElementsAreArrayMatcher;
-using testing::internal::string;
 
 // Returns the description of the given matcher.
 template <typename T>
-string Describe(const Matcher<T>& m) {
+std::string Describe(const Matcher<T>& m) {
   stringstream ss;
   m.DescribeTo(&ss);
   return ss.str();
@@ -91,7 +101,7 @@ string Describe(const Matcher<T>& m) {
 
 // Returns the description of the negation of the given matcher.
 template <typename T>
-string DescribeNegation(const Matcher<T>& m) {
+std::string DescribeNegation(const Matcher<T>& m) {
   stringstream ss;
   m.DescribeNegationTo(&ss);
   return ss.str();
@@ -99,7 +109,7 @@ string DescribeNegation(const Matcher<T>& m) {
 
 // Returns the reason why x matches, or doesn't match, m.
 template <typename MatcherType, typename Value>
-string Explain(const MatcherType& m, const Value& x) {
+std::string Explain(const MatcherType& m, const Value& x) {
   stringstream ss;
   m.ExplainMatchResultTo(x, &ss);
   return ss.str();
@@ -296,7 +306,7 @@ TEST(ElementsAreTest, CanDescribeExpectingOneElement) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, CanDescribeExpectingManyElements) {
-  Matcher<list<string> > m = ElementsAre(StrEq("one"), "two");
+  Matcher<list<std::string> > m = ElementsAre(StrEq("one"), "two");
   EXPECT_EQ("has 2 elements where\n"
             "element #0 is equal to \"one\",\n"
             "element #1 is equal to \"two\"", Describe(m));
@@ -314,7 +324,7 @@ TEST(ElementsAreTest, CanDescribeNegationOfExpectingOneElment) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, CanDescribeNegationOfExpectingManyElements) {
-  Matcher<const list<string>& > m = ElementsAre("one", "two");
+  Matcher<const list<std::string>&> m = ElementsAre("one", "two");
   EXPECT_EQ("doesn't have 2 elements, or\n"
             "element #0 isn't equal to \"one\", or\n"
             "element #1 isn't equal to \"two\"", DescribeNegation(m));
@@ -365,21 +375,21 @@ TEST(ElementsAreTest, CanExplainMismatchRightSize) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, MatchesOneElementVector) {
-  vector<string> test_vector;
+  vector<std::string> test_vector;
   test_vector.push_back("test string");
 
   EXPECT_THAT(test_vector, ElementsAre(StrEq("test string")));
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, MatchesOneElementList) {
-  list<string> test_list;
+  list<std::string> test_list;
   test_list.push_back("test string");
 
   EXPECT_THAT(test_list, ElementsAre("test string"));
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, MatchesThreeElementVector) {
-  vector<string> test_vector;
+  vector<std::string> test_vector;
   test_vector.push_back("one");
   test_vector.push_back("two");
   test_vector.push_back("three");
@@ -428,30 +438,30 @@ TEST(ElementsAreTest, MatchesTenElementVector) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, DoesNotMatchWrongSize) {
-  vector<string> test_vector;
+  vector<std::string> test_vector;
   test_vector.push_back("test string");
   test_vector.push_back("test string");
 
-  Matcher<vector<string> > m = ElementsAre(StrEq("test string"));
+  Matcher<vector<std::string> > m = ElementsAre(StrEq("test string"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_vector));
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, DoesNotMatchWrongValue) {
-  vector<string> test_vector;
+  vector<std::string> test_vector;
   test_vector.push_back("other string");
 
-  Matcher<vector<string> > m = ElementsAre(StrEq("test string"));
+  Matcher<vector<std::string> > m = ElementsAre(StrEq("test string"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_vector));
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, DoesNotMatchWrongOrder) {
-  vector<string> test_vector;
+  vector<std::string> test_vector;
   test_vector.push_back("one");
   test_vector.push_back("three");
   test_vector.push_back("two");
 
-  Matcher<vector<string> > m = ElementsAre(
-    StrEq("one"), StrEq("two"), StrEq("three"));
+  Matcher<vector<std::string> > m =
+      ElementsAre(StrEq("one"), StrEq("two"), StrEq("three"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(test_vector));
 }
 
@@ -527,7 +537,7 @@ TEST(ElementsAreTest, WorksWithTwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreTest, AcceptsStringLiteral) {
-  string array[] = { "hi", "one", "two" };
+  std::string array[] = {"hi", "one", "two"};
   EXPECT_THAT(array, ElementsAre("hi", "one", "two"));
   EXPECT_THAT(array, Not(ElementsAre("hi", "one", "too")));
 }
@@ -546,10 +556,10 @@ TEST(ElementsAreTest, AcceptsArrayWithUnknownSize) {
   // The size of kHi is not known in this test, but ElementsAre() should
   // still accept it.
 
-  string array1[] = { "hi" };
+  std::string array1[] = {"hi"};
   EXPECT_THAT(array1, ElementsAre(kHi));
 
-  string array2[] = { "ho" };
+  std::string array2[] = {"ho"};
   EXPECT_THAT(array2, Not(ElementsAre(kHi)));
 }
 
@@ -589,7 +599,7 @@ TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, CanBeCreatedWithValueArray) {
 TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, CanBeCreatedWithArraySize) {
   const char* a[] = { "one", "two", "three" };
 
-  vector<string> test_vector(a, a + GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a));
+  vector<std::string> test_vector(a, a + GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a));
   EXPECT_THAT(test_vector, ElementsAreArray(a, GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a)));
 
   const char** p = a;
@@ -600,7 +610,7 @@ TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, CanBeCreatedWithArraySize) {
 TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, CanBeCreatedWithoutArraySize) {
   const char* a[] = { "one", "two", "three" };
 
-  vector<string> test_vector(a, a + GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a));
+  vector<std::string> test_vector(a, a + GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a));
   EXPECT_THAT(test_vector, ElementsAreArray(a));
 
   test_vector[0] = "1";
@@ -608,10 +618,10 @@ TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, CanBeCreatedWithoutArraySize) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, CanBeCreatedWithMatcherArray) {
-  const Matcher<string> kMatcherArray[] =
-    { StrEq("one"), StrEq("two"), StrEq("three") };
+  const Matcher<std::string> kMatcherArray[] = {StrEq("one"), StrEq("two"),
+                                                StrEq("three")};
 
-  vector<string> test_vector;
+  vector<std::string> test_vector;
   test_vector.push_back("one");
   test_vector.push_back("two");
   test_vector.push_back("three");
@@ -640,7 +650,7 @@ TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, TakesInitializerList) {
 }
 
 TEST(ElementsAreArrayTest, TakesInitializerListOfCStrings) {
-  const string a[5] = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" };
+  const std::string a[5] = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
   EXPECT_THAT(a, ElementsAreArray({ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" }));
   EXPECT_THAT(a, Not(ElementsAreArray({ "a", "b", "c", "e", "d" })));
   EXPECT_THAT(a, Not(ElementsAreArray({ "a", "b", "c", "d", "ef" })));
@@ -751,9 +761,9 @@ MATCHER(IsEven2, negation ? "is odd" : "is even") {
 
 // This also tests that the description string can reference matcher
 // parameters.
-MATCHER_P2(EqSumOf, x, y,
-           string(negation ? "doesn't equal" : "equals") + " the sum of " +
-           PrintToString(x) + " and " + PrintToString(y)) {
+MATCHER_P2(EqSumOf, x, y, std::string(negation ? "doesn't equal" : "equals") +
+                              " the sum of " + PrintToString(x) + " and " +
+                              PrintToString(y)) {
   if (arg == (x + y)) {
     *result_listener << "OK";
     return true;
@@ -1117,12 +1127,12 @@ TEST(ContainsTest, ListMatchesWhenElementIsInContainer) {
   EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(Gt(2.5)));
   EXPECT_THAT(some_list, Contains(Eq(2.0f)));
 
-  list<string> another_list;
+  list<std::string> another_list;
   another_list.push_back("fee");
   another_list.push_back("fie");
   another_list.push_back("foe");
   another_list.push_back("fum");
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_list, Contains(string("fee")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_list, Contains(std::string("fee")));
 }
 
 TEST(ContainsTest, ListDoesNotMatchWhenElementIsNotInContainer) {
@@ -1146,7 +1156,7 @@ TEST(ContainsTest, SetMatchesWhenElementIsInContainer) {
   another_set.insert("fie");
   another_set.insert("foe");
   another_set.insert("fum");
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_set, Contains(Eq(string("fum"))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_set, Contains(Eq(std::string("fum"))));
 }
 
 TEST(ContainsTest, SetDoesNotMatchWhenElementIsNotInContainer) {
@@ -1157,7 +1167,7 @@ TEST(ContainsTest, SetDoesNotMatchWhenElementIsNotInContainer) {
 
   set<const char*> c_string_set;
   c_string_set.insert("hello");
-  EXPECT_THAT(c_string_set, Not(Contains(string("hello").c_str())));
+  EXPECT_THAT(c_string_set, Not(Contains(std::string("hello").c_str())));
 }
 
 TEST(ContainsTest, ExplainsMatchResultCorrectly) {
@@ -1189,13 +1199,14 @@ TEST(ContainsTest, MapMatchesWhenElementIsInContainer) {
   my_map[bar] = 2;
   EXPECT_THAT(my_map, Contains(pair<const char* const, int>(bar, 2)));
 
-  map<string, int> another_map;
+  map<std::string, int> another_map;
   another_map["fee"] = 1;
   another_map["fie"] = 2;
   another_map["foe"] = 3;
   another_map["fum"] = 4;
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Contains(pair<const string, int>(string("fee"), 1)));
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Contains(pair<const string, int>("fie", 2)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_map,
+              Contains(pair<const std::string, int>(std::string("fee"), 1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Contains(pair<const std::string, int>("fie", 2)));
 }
 
 TEST(ContainsTest, MapDoesNotMatchWhenElementIsNotInContainer) {
@@ -1207,7 +1218,7 @@ TEST(ContainsTest, MapDoesNotMatchWhenElementIsNotInContainer) {
 
 TEST(ContainsTest, ArrayMatchesWhenElementIsInContainer) {
   const char* string_array[] = { "fee", "fie", "foe", "fum" };
-  EXPECT_THAT(string_array, Contains(Eq(string("fum"))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(string_array, Contains(Eq(std::string("fum"))));
 }
 
 TEST(ContainsTest, ArrayDoesNotMatchWhenElementIsNotInContainer) {
@@ -1283,4 +1294,48 @@ TEST(AnyOfTest, DoesNotCallAnyOfUnqualified) {
 # pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+TEST(AllOfTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, AllOf(Pointee(Eq(3)), Pointee(Gt(0)), Pointee(Lt(5))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(AllOf(Pointee(Eq(3)), Pointee(Gt(0)), Pointee(Lt(3)))));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyOfTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, AnyOf(Pointee(Eq(5)), Pointee(Lt(0)), Pointee(Lt(5))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(AnyOf(Pointee(Eq(5)), Pointee(Lt(0)), Pointee(Gt(5)))));
+}
+
+MATCHER(IsNotNull, "") {
+  return arg != nullptr;
+}
+
+// Verifies that a matcher defined using MATCHER() can work on
+// move-only types.
+TEST(MatcherMacroTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, IsNotNull());
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::unique_ptr<int>(), Not(IsNotNull()));
+}
+
+MATCHER_P(UniquePointee, pointee, "") {
+  return *arg == pointee;
+}
+
+// Verifies that a matcher defined using MATCHER_P*() can work on
+// move-only types.
+TEST(MatcherPMacroTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, UniquePointee(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(UniquePointee(2)));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LASNG_CXX11
+
 }  // namespace
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
index 9d5ec609..f8633df2 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-internal-utils_test.cc
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
 // included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
-// his code.
+// their code.
 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
@@ -69,6 +69,26 @@ namespace internal {
 
 namespace {
 
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsEmptyTuple) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", JoinAsTuple(Strings()));
+}
+
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsOneTuple) {
+  const char* fields[] = {"1"};
+  EXPECT_EQ("1", JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 1)));
+}
+
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsTwoTuple) {
+  const char* fields[] = {"1", "a"};
+  EXPECT_EQ("(1, a)", JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 2)));
+}
+
+TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsTenTuple) {
+  const char* fields[] = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10"};
+  EXPECT_EQ("(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)",
+            JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 10)));
+}
+
 TEST(ConvertIdentifierNameToWordsTest, WorksWhenNameContainsNoWord) {
   EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords(""));
   EXPECT_EQ("", ConvertIdentifierNameToWords("_"));
@@ -319,11 +339,10 @@ TEST(TupleMatchesTest, WorksForSize2) {
 
 TEST(TupleMatchesTest, WorksForSize5) {
   tuple<Matcher<int>, Matcher<char>, Matcher<bool>, Matcher<long>,  // NOLINT
-      Matcher<string> >
+        Matcher<std::string> >
       matchers(Eq(1), Eq('a'), Eq(true), Eq(2L), Eq("hi"));
-  tuple<int, char, bool, long, string>  // NOLINT
-      values1(1, 'a', true, 2L, "hi"),
-      values2(1, 'a', true, 2L, "hello"),
+  tuple<int, char, bool, long, std::string>  // NOLINT
+      values1(1, 'a', true, 2L, "hi"), values2(1, 'a', true, 2L, "hello"),
       values3(2, 'a', true, 2L, "hi");
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(TupleMatches(matchers, values1));
@@ -375,7 +394,7 @@ class LogIsVisibleTest : public ::testing::Test {
 
   virtual void TearDown() { GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = original_verbose_; }
 
-  string original_verbose_;
+  std::string original_verbose_;
 };
 
 TEST_F(LogIsVisibleTest, AlwaysReturnsTrueIfVerbosityIsInfo) {
@@ -402,9 +421,9 @@ TEST_F(LogIsVisibleTest, WorksWhenVerbosityIsWarning) {
 
 // Verifies that Log() behaves correctly for the given verbosity level
 // and log severity.
-void TestLogWithSeverity(const string& verbosity, LogSeverity severity,
+void TestLogWithSeverity(const std::string& verbosity, LogSeverity severity,
                          bool should_print) {
-  const string old_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string old_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = verbosity;
   CaptureStdout();
   Log(severity, "Test log.\n", 0);
@@ -423,7 +442,7 @@ void TestLogWithSeverity(const string& verbosity, LogSeverity severity,
 // Tests that when the stack_frames_to_skip parameter is negative,
 // Log() doesn't include the stack trace in the output.
 TEST(LogTest, NoStackTraceWhenStackFramesToSkipIsNegative) {
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = kInfoVerbosity;
   CaptureStdout();
   Log(kInfo, "Test log.\n", -1);
@@ -432,7 +451,7 @@ TEST(LogTest, NoStackTraceWhenStackFramesToSkipIsNegative) {
 }
 
 struct MockStackTraceGetter : testing::internal::OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
-  virtual string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) {
+  virtual std::string CurrentStackTrace(int max_depth, int skip_count) {
     return (testing::Message() << max_depth << "::" << skip_count << "\n")
         .GetString();
   }
@@ -447,11 +466,11 @@ TEST(LogTest, NoSkippingStackFrameInOptMode) {
 
   CaptureStdout();
   Log(kWarning, "Test log.\n", 100);
-  const string log = GetCapturedStdout();
+  const std::string log = GetCapturedStdout();
 
-  string expected_trace =
+  std::string expected_trace =
       (testing::Message() << GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) << "::").GetString();
-  string expected_message =
+  std::string expected_message =
       "\nGMOCK WARNING:\n"
       "Test log.\n"
       "Stack trace:\n" +
@@ -547,7 +566,7 @@ TEST(TypeTraitsTest, remove_reference) {
 // Verifies that Log() behaves correctly for the given verbosity level
 // and log severity.
 std::string GrabOutput(void(*logger)(), const char* verbosity) {
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = verbosity;
   CaptureStdout();
   logger();
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.cc
index 9f62c3d8..9f1a5471 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers_test.cc
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
@@ -58,12 +59,11 @@
 # include <forward_list>  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-namespace testing {
-
-namespace internal {
-GTEST_API_ string JoinAsTuple(const Strings& fields);
-}  // namespace internal
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# include <type_traits>
+#endif
 
+namespace testing {
 namespace gmock_matchers_test {
 
 using std::greater;
@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ using testing::internal::ExplainMatchFailureTupleTo;
 using testing::internal::FloatingEqMatcher;
 using testing::internal::FormatMatcherDescription;
 using testing::internal::IsReadableTypeName;
-using testing::internal::JoinAsTuple;
 using testing::internal::linked_ptr;
 using testing::internal::MatchMatrix;
 using testing::internal::RE;
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ Matcher<int> GreaterThan(int n) {
   return MakeMatcher(new GreaterThanMatcher(n));
 }
 
-string OfType(const string& type_name) {
+std::string OfType(const std::string& type_name) {
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
   return " (of type " + type_name + ")";
 #else
@@ -199,28 +198,30 @@ string OfType(const string& type_name) {
 
 // Returns the description of the given matcher.
 template <typename T>
-string Describe(const Matcher<T>& m) {
-  stringstream ss;
-  m.DescribeTo(&ss);
-  return ss.str();
+std::string Describe(const Matcher<T>& m) {
+  return DescribeMatcher<T>(m);
 }
 
 // Returns the description of the negation of the given matcher.
 template <typename T>
-string DescribeNegation(const Matcher<T>& m) {
-  stringstream ss;
-  m.DescribeNegationTo(&ss);
-  return ss.str();
+std::string DescribeNegation(const Matcher<T>& m) {
+  return DescribeMatcher<T>(m, true);
 }
 
 // Returns the reason why x matches, or doesn't match, m.
 template <typename MatcherType, typename Value>
-string Explain(const MatcherType& m, const Value& x) {
+std::string Explain(const MatcherType& m, const Value& x) {
   StringMatchResultListener listener;
   ExplainMatchResult(m, x, &listener);
   return listener.str();
 }
 
+TEST(MonotonicMatcherTest, IsPrintable) {
+  stringstream ss;
+  ss << GreaterThan(5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is > 5", ss.str());
+}
+
 TEST(MatchResultListenerTest, StreamingWorks) {
   StringMatchResultListener listener;
   listener << "hi" << 5;
@@ -332,6 +333,22 @@ TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromNULL) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(&n));
 }
 
+// Tests that matchers can be constructed from a variable that is not properly
+// defined. This should be illegal, but many users rely on this accidentally.
+struct Undefined {
+  virtual ~Undefined() = 0;
+  static const int kInt = 1;
+};
+
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanBeConstructedFromUndefinedVariable) {
+  Matcher<int> m1 = Undefined::kInt;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(2));
+}
+
+// Test that a matcher parameterized with an abstract class compiles.
+TEST(MatcherTest, CanAcceptAbstractClass) { Matcher<const Undefined&> m = _; }
+
 // Tests that matchers are copyable.
 TEST(MatcherTest, IsCopyable) {
   // Tests the copy constructor.
@@ -365,66 +382,132 @@ TEST(MatcherTest, MatchAndExplain) {
 }
 
 // Tests that a C-string literal can be implicitly converted to a
-// Matcher<string> or Matcher<const string&>.
+// Matcher<std::string> or Matcher<const std::string&>.
 TEST(StringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromCStringLiteral) {
-  Matcher<string> m1 = "hi";
+  Matcher<std::string> m1 = "hi";
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
 
-  Matcher<const string&> m2 = "hi";
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = "hi";
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
 }
 
 // Tests that a string object can be implicitly converted to a
-// Matcher<string> or Matcher<const string&>.
+// Matcher<std::string> or Matcher<const std::string&>.
 TEST(StringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromString) {
-  Matcher<string> m1 = string("hi");
+  Matcher<std::string> m1 = std::string("hi");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
 
-  Matcher<const string&> m2 = string("hi");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = std::string("hi");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// Tests that a ::string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<std::string> or Matcher<const std::string&>.
+TEST(StringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromGlobalString) {
+  Matcher<std::string> m1 = ::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = ::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 // Tests that a C-string literal can be implicitly converted to a
-// Matcher<StringPiece> or Matcher<const StringPiece&>.
-TEST(StringPieceMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromCStringLiteral) {
-  Matcher<StringPiece> m1 = "cats";
+// Matcher<::string> or Matcher<const ::string&>.
+TEST(GlobalStringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromCStringLiteral) {
+  Matcher< ::string> m1 = "hi";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<const ::string&> m2 = "hi";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+}
+
+// Tests that a std::string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<::string> or Matcher<const ::string&>.
+TEST(GlobalStringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromString) {
+  Matcher< ::string> m1 = std::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<const ::string&> m2 = std::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+}
+
+// Tests that a ::string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<::string> or Matcher<const ::string&>.
+TEST(GlobalStringMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromGlobalString) {
+  Matcher< ::string> m1 = ::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("hello"));
+
+  Matcher<const ::string&> m2 = ::string("hi");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("hello"));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+// Tests that a C-string literal can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<absl::string_view> or Matcher<const absl::string_view&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromCStringLiteral) {
+  Matcher<absl::string_view> m1 = "cats";
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
 
-  Matcher<const StringPiece&> m2 = "cats";
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m2 = "cats";
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
 }
 
-// Tests that a string object can be implicitly converted to a
-// Matcher<StringPiece> or Matcher<const StringPiece&>.
-TEST(StringPieceMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromString) {
-  Matcher<StringPiece> m1 = string("cats");
+// Tests that a std::string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<absl::string_view> or Matcher<const absl::string_view&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromString) {
+  Matcher<absl::string_view> m1 = std::string("cats");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
 
-  Matcher<const StringPiece&> m2 = string("cats");
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m2 = std::string("cats");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
 }
 
-// Tests that a StringPiece object can be implicitly converted to a
-// Matcher<StringPiece> or Matcher<const StringPiece&>.
-TEST(StringPieceMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromStringPiece) {
-  Matcher<StringPiece> m1 = StringPiece("cats");
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+// Tests that a ::string object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<absl::string_view> or Matcher<const absl::string_view&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromGlobalString) {
+  Matcher<absl::string_view> m1 = ::string("cats");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
 
-  Matcher<const StringPiece&> m2 = StringPiece("cats");
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m2 = ::string("cats");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+// Tests that a absl::string_view object can be implicitly converted to a
+// Matcher<absl::string_view> or Matcher<const absl::string_view&>.
+TEST(StringViewMatcherTest, CanBeImplicitlyConstructedFromStringView) {
+  Matcher<absl::string_view> m1 = absl::string_view("cats");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("dogs"));
+
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m2 = absl::string_view("cats");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("cats"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("dogs"));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 
 // Tests that MakeMatcher() constructs a Matcher<T> from a
 // MatcherInterface* without requiring the user to explicitly
@@ -609,11 +692,76 @@ TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromSameType) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
 }
 
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a value of the same type as the
+// value type of the Matcher.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromAValue) {
+  Matcher<int> m = MatcherCast<int>(42);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(42));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(239));
+}
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a value of the type implicitly
+// convertible to the value type of the Matcher.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromAnImplicitlyConvertibleValue) {
+  const int kExpected = 'c';
+  Matcher<int> m = MatcherCast<int>('c');
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(kExpected));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(kExpected + 1));
+}
+
+struct NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq {
+  friend bool operator==(
+      const NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq& /* ignored */,
+      int rhs) {
+    return 42 == rhs;
+  }
+  friend bool operator==(
+      int lhs,
+      const NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq& /* ignored */) {
+    return lhs == 42;
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests that MatcherCast<T>(m) works when m is a neither a matcher nor
+// implicitly convertible to the value type of the Matcher, but the value type
+// of the matcher has operator==() overload accepting m.
+TEST(MatcherCastTest, NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq) {
+  Matcher<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq> m1 =
+      MatcherCast<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq>(42);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq()));
+
+  Matcher<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq> m2 =
+      MatcherCast<NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq>(239);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq()));
+
+  // When updating the following lines please also change the comment to
+  // namespace convertible_from_any.
+  Matcher<int> m3 =
+      MatcherCast<int>(NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(42));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(239));
+}
+
+// ConvertibleFromAny does not work with MSVC. resulting in
+// error C2440: 'initializing': cannot convert from 'Eq' to 'M'
+// No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload
+// resolution was ambiguous
+
+#if !defined _MSC_VER
+
+// The below ConvertibleFromAny struct is implicitly constructible from anything
+// and when in the same namespace can interact with other tests. In particular,
+// if it is in the same namespace as other tests and one removes
+//   NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq::operator==(int lhs, ...);
+// then the corresponding test still compiles (and it should not!) by implicitly
+// converting NonImplicitlyConstructibleTypeWithOperatorEq to ConvertibleFromAny
+// in m3.Matcher().
+namespace convertible_from_any {
 // Implicitly convertible from any type.
 struct ConvertibleFromAny {
   ConvertibleFromAny(int a_value) : value(a_value) {}
   template <typename T>
-  explicit ConvertibleFromAny(const T& /*a_value*/) : value(-1) {
+  ConvertibleFromAny(const T& /*a_value*/) : value(-1) {
     ADD_FAILURE() << "Conversion constructor called";
   }
   int value;
@@ -639,6 +787,9 @@ TEST(MatcherCastTest, FromConvertibleFromAny) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(2)));
 }
+}  // namespace convertible_from_any
+
+#endif  // !defined _MSC_VER
 
 struct IntReferenceWrapper {
   IntReferenceWrapper(const int& a_value) : value(&a_value) {}
@@ -744,6 +895,9 @@ TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromSameType) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(1));
 }
 
+#if !defined _MSC_VER
+
+namespace convertible_from_any {
 TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, ConversionConstructorIsUsed) {
   Matcher<ConvertibleFromAny> m = SafeMatcherCast<ConvertibleFromAny>(1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
@@ -756,6 +910,9 @@ TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, FromConvertibleFromAny) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(1)));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(ConvertibleFromAny(2)));
 }
+}  // namespace convertible_from_any
+
+#endif  // !defined _MSC_VER
 
 TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, ValueIsNotCopied) {
   int n = 42;
@@ -767,7 +924,7 @@ TEST(SafeMatcherCastTest, ValueIsNotCopied) {
 TEST(ExpectThat, TakesLiterals) {
   EXPECT_THAT(1, 1);
   EXPECT_THAT(1.0, 1.0);
-  EXPECT_THAT(string(), "");
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::string(), "");
 }
 
 TEST(ExpectThat, TakesFunctions) {
@@ -867,15 +1024,11 @@ class Unprintable {
  public:
   Unprintable() : c_('a') {}
 
+  bool operator==(const Unprintable& /* rhs */) const { return true; }
  private:
   char c_;
 };
 
-inline bool operator==(const Unprintable& /* lhs */, 
-                       const Unprintable& /* rhs */) { 
-    return true; 
-}
-
 TEST(EqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
   Matcher<Unprintable> m = Eq(Unprintable());
   EXPECT_EQ("is equal to 1-byte object <61>", Describe(m));
@@ -914,7 +1067,7 @@ TEST(TypedEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
 // Type<T>::IsTypeOf(v) compiles iff the type of value v is T, where T
 // is a "bare" type (i.e. not in the form of const U or U&).  If v's
 // type is not T, the compiler will generate a message about
-// "undefined referece".
+// "undefined reference".
 template <typename T>
 struct Type {
   static bool IsTypeOf(const T& /* v */) { return true; }
@@ -973,7 +1126,7 @@ TEST(LeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
 
 // Tests that Lt(v) matches anything < v.
 TEST(LtTest, ImplementsLessThan) {
-  Matcher<const string&> m1 = Lt("Hello");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m1 = Lt("Hello");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("Abc"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("Hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches("Hello, world!"));
@@ -1046,14 +1199,14 @@ TEST(IsNullTest, ReferenceToConstLinkedPtr) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(non_null_p));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 TEST(IsNullTest, StdFunction) {
   const Matcher<std::function<void()>> m = IsNull();
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(std::function<void()>()));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches([]{}));
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Tests that IsNull() describes itself properly.
 TEST(IsNullTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
@@ -1094,14 +1247,14 @@ TEST(NotNullTest, ReferenceToConstLinkedPtr) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(non_null_p));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 TEST(NotNullTest, StdFunction) {
   const Matcher<std::function<void()>> m = NotNull();
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches([]{}));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(std::function<void()>()));
 }
-#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
 // Tests that NotNull() describes itself properly.
 TEST(NotNullTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
@@ -1125,7 +1278,7 @@ TEST(RefTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
   Matcher<int&> m = Ref(n);
   stringstream ss;
   ss << "references the variable @" << &n << " 5";
-  EXPECT_EQ(string(ss.str()), Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ss.str(), Describe(m));
 }
 
 // Test that Ref(non_const_varialbe) can be used as a matcher for a
@@ -1169,27 +1322,34 @@ TEST(RefTest, ExplainsResult) {
 // Tests string comparison matchers.
 
 TEST(StrEqTest, MatchesEqualString) {
-  Matcher<const char*> m = StrEq(string("Hello"));
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrEq(std::string("Hello"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("Hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(NULL));
 
-  Matcher<const string&> m2 = StrEq("Hello");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StrEq("Hello");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m3 = StrEq("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("Hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(StrEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
-  Matcher<string> m = StrEq("Hi-\'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\xD3");
+  Matcher<std::string> m = StrEq("Hi-\'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\xD3");
   EXPECT_EQ("is equal to \"Hi-\'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\"",
       Describe(m));
 
-  string str("01204500800");
+  std::string str("01204500800");
   str[3] = '\0';
-  Matcher<string> m2 = StrEq(str);
+  Matcher<std::string> m2 = StrEq(str);
   EXPECT_EQ("is equal to \"012\\04500800\"", Describe(m2));
   str[0] = str[6] = str[7] = str[9] = str[10] = '\0';
-  Matcher<string> m3 = StrEq(str);
+  Matcher<std::string> m3 = StrEq(str);
   EXPECT_EQ("is equal to \"\\012\\045\\0\\08\\0\\0\"", Describe(m3));
 }
 
@@ -1199,9 +1359,16 @@ TEST(StrNeTest, MatchesUnequalString) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(NULL));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("Hello"));
 
-  Matcher<string> m2 = StrNe(string("Hello"));
+  Matcher<std::string> m2 = StrNe(std::string("Hello"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hello"));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view> m3 = StrNe("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("Hello")));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(StrNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
@@ -1210,44 +1377,52 @@ TEST(StrNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
 }
 
 TEST(StrCaseEqTest, MatchesEqualStringIgnoringCase) {
-  Matcher<const char*> m = StrCaseEq(string("Hello"));
+  Matcher<const char*> m = StrCaseEq(std::string("Hello"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("Hello"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches("hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("Hi"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(NULL));
 
-  Matcher<const string&> m2 = StrCaseEq("Hello");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StrCaseEq("Hello");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m3 = StrCaseEq(std::string("Hello"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("Hello")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("Hi")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(StrCaseEqTest, MatchesEqualStringWith0IgnoringCase) {
-  string str1("oabocdooeoo");
-  string str2("OABOCDOOEOO");
-  Matcher<const string&> m0 = StrCaseEq(str1);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(m0.Matches(str2 + string(1, '\0')));
+  std::string str1("oabocdooeoo");
+  std::string str2("OABOCDOOEOO");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m0 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m0.Matches(str2 + std::string(1, '\0')));
 
   str1[3] = str2[3] = '\0';
-  Matcher<const string&> m1 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m1 = StrCaseEq(str1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(str2));
 
   str1[0] = str1[6] = str1[7] = str1[10] = '\0';
   str2[0] = str2[6] = str2[7] = str2[10] = '\0';
-  Matcher<const string&> m2 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StrCaseEq(str1);
   str1[9] = str2[9] = '\0';
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(str2));
 
-  Matcher<const string&> m3 = StrCaseEq(str1);
+  Matcher<const std::string&> m3 = StrCaseEq(str1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(str2));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(str2 + "x"));
   str2.append(1, '\0');
   EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(str2));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(string(str2, 0, 9)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(std::string(str2, 0, 9)));
 }
 
 TEST(StrCaseEqTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
-  Matcher<string> m = StrCaseEq("Hi");
+  Matcher<std::string> m = StrCaseEq("Hi");
   EXPECT_EQ("is equal to (ignoring case) \"Hi\"", Describe(m));
 }
 
@@ -1258,9 +1433,17 @@ TEST(StrCaseNeTest, MatchesUnequalStringIgnoringCase) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("Hello"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches("hello"));
 
-  Matcher<string> m2 = StrCaseNe(string("Hello"));
+  Matcher<std::string> m2 = StrCaseNe(std::string("Hello"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(""));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hello"));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view> m3 = StrCaseNe("Hello");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("Hi")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("Hello")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("hello")));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(StrCaseNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
@@ -1270,9 +1453,9 @@ TEST(StrCaseNeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
 
 // Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching string-typed values.
 TEST(HasSubstrTest, WorksForStringClasses) {
-  const Matcher<string> m1 = HasSubstr("foo");
-  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(string("I love food.")));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(string("tofo")));
+  const Matcher<std::string> m1 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(std::string("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(std::string("tofo")));
 
   const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = HasSubstr("foo");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(std::string("I love food.")));
@@ -1292,9 +1475,28 @@ TEST(HasSubstrTest, WorksForCStrings) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(NULL));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+// Tests that HasSubstr() works for matching absl::string_view-typed values.
+TEST(HasSubstrTest, WorksForStringViewClasses) {
+  const Matcher<absl::string_view> m1 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(absl::string_view("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(absl::string_view("tofo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m2 = HasSubstr("foo");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches(absl::string_view("I love food.")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(absl::string_view("tofo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m3 = HasSubstr("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("foo")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+
 // Tests that HasSubstr(s) describes itself properly.
 TEST(HasSubstrTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
-  Matcher<string> m = HasSubstr("foo\n\"");
+  Matcher<std::string> m = HasSubstr("foo\n\"");
   EXPECT_EQ("has substring \"foo\\n\\\"\"", Describe(m));
 }
 
@@ -1320,6 +1522,35 @@ TEST(KeyTest, MatchesCorrectly) {
   EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(Lt(25))));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+template <size_t I>
+struct Tag {};
+
+struct PairWithGet {
+  int member_1;
+  string member_2;
+  using first_type = int;
+  using second_type = string;
+
+  const int& GetImpl(Tag<0>) const { return member_1; }
+  const string& GetImpl(Tag<1>) const { return member_2; }
+};
+template <size_t I>
+auto get(const PairWithGet& value) -> decltype(value.GetImpl(Tag<I>())) {
+  return value.GetImpl(Tag<I>());
+}
+TEST(PairTest, MatchesPairWithGetCorrectly) {
+  PairWithGet p{25, "foo"};
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(25));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(42)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Key(Ge(20)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Key(Lt(25))));
+
+  std::vector<PairWithGet> v = {{11, "Foo"}, {29, "gMockIsBestMock"}};
+  EXPECT_THAT(v, Contains(Key(29)));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 TEST(KeyTest, SafelyCastsInnerMatcher) {
   Matcher<int> is_positive = Gt(0);
   Matcher<int> is_negative = Lt(0);
@@ -1457,15 +1688,27 @@ TEST(PairTest, InsideContainsUsingMap) {
   EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(Contains(Pair(3, _))));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+TEST(PairTest, UseGetInsteadOfMembers) {
+  PairWithGet pair{7, "ABC"};
+  EXPECT_THAT(pair, Pair(7, "ABC"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(pair, Pair(Ge(7), HasSubstr("AB")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(pair, Not(Pair(Lt(7), "ABC")));
+
+  std::vector<PairWithGet> v = {{11, "Foo"}, {29, "gMockIsBestMock"}};
+  EXPECT_THAT(v, ElementsAre(Pair(11, string("Foo")), Pair(Ge(10), Not(""))));
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 // Tests StartsWith(s).
 
 TEST(StartsWithTest, MatchesStringWithGivenPrefix) {
-  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = StartsWith(string(""));
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = StartsWith(std::string(""));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("Hi"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(""));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(NULL));
 
-  const Matcher<const string&> m2 = StartsWith("Hi");
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = StartsWith("Hi");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hi Hi!"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("High"));
@@ -1486,12 +1729,30 @@ TEST(EndsWithTest, MatchesStringWithGivenSuffix) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(""));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(NULL));
 
-  const Matcher<const string&> m2 = EndsWith(string("Hi"));
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = EndsWith(std::string("Hi"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Hi"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Wow Hi Hi"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("Super Hi"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("i"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("Hi "));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+  const Matcher<const ::string&> m3 = EndsWith(::string("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches("Wow Hi Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches("Super Hi"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches("i"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches("Hi "));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m4 = EndsWith("");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches("Hi"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m4.Matches(""));
+  // Default-constructed absl::string_view should not match anything, in order
+  // to distinguish it from an empty string.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(EndsWithTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
@@ -1507,32 +1768,61 @@ TEST(MatchesRegexTest, MatchesStringMatchingGivenRegex) {
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("abcz"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(NULL));
 
-  const Matcher<const string&> m2 = MatchesRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = MatchesRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("azbz"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("az1"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("1az"));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m3 = MatchesRegex("a.*z");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("az")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("abcz")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("1az")));
+  // Default-constructed absl::string_view should not match anything, in order
+  // to distinguish it from an empty string.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m4 = MatchesRegex("");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(MatchesRegexTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
-  Matcher<const std::string> m1 = MatchesRegex(string("Hi.*"));
+  Matcher<const std::string> m1 = MatchesRegex(std::string("Hi.*"));
   EXPECT_EQ("matches regular expression \"Hi.*\"", Describe(m1));
 
   Matcher<const char*> m2 = MatchesRegex(new RE("a.*"));
   EXPECT_EQ("matches regular expression \"a.*\"", Describe(m2));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view> m3 = MatchesRegex(new RE("0.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("matches regular expression \"0.*\"", Describe(m3));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 // Tests ContainsRegex().
 
 TEST(ContainsRegexTest, MatchesStringContainingGivenRegex) {
-  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = ContainsRegex(string("a.*z"));
+  const Matcher<const char*> m1 = ContainsRegex(std::string("a.*z"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("az"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches("0abcz1"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m1.Matches(NULL));
 
-  const Matcher<const string&> m2 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
+  const Matcher<const std::string&> m2 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("azbz"));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m2.Matches("az1"));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches("1a"));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m3 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*z"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("azbz")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("az1")));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view("1a")));
+  // Default-constructed absl::string_view should not match anything, in order
+  // to distinguish it from an empty string.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m3.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+  const Matcher<const absl::string_view&> m4 = ContainsRegex("");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m4.Matches(absl::string_view()));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 TEST(ContainsRegexTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
@@ -1541,6 +1831,11 @@ TEST(ContainsRegexTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
 
   Matcher<const char*> m2 = ContainsRegex(new RE("a.*"));
   EXPECT_EQ("contains regular expression \"a.*\"", Describe(m2));
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
+  Matcher<const absl::string_view> m3 = ContainsRegex(new RE("0.*"));
+  EXPECT_EQ("contains regular expression \"0.*\"", Describe(m3));
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
 // Tests for wide strings.
@@ -2018,6 +2313,150 @@ TEST(Ne2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
   EXPECT_EQ("are an unequal pair", Describe(m));
 }
 
+// Tests that FloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(FloatEq2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = FloatEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(0.3f, 0.1f + 0.1f + 0.1f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(FloatEq2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<float, float>&> m = FloatEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveFloatEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatEqTest, MatchesEqualArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveFloatEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatEqTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<float, float>&> m = NanSensitiveFloatEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(DoubleEq2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = DoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0, 1.0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(0.3, 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1, 1.0)));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(DoubleEq2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<double, double>&> m = DoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveDoubleEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveDoubleEq(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleEqTest, MatchesEqualArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleEq() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleEqTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<double, double>&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleEq();
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// FloatNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
+TEST(FloatNear2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = FloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.3f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.8f, 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(FloatNear2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<float, float>&> m = FloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatNear() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveFloatNear(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatNearTest, MatchesNearbyArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<float, float> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveFloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.6f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveFloatNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveFloatNearTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<float, float>&> m =
+      NanSensitiveFloatNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that FloatEq() matches a 2-tuple where
+// DoubleNear(first field, max_abs_error) matches the second field.
+TEST(DoubleNear2Test, MatchesEqualArguments) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = DoubleNear(0.5);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0, 1.0)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.3, 1.0)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.8, 1.0)));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoubleNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(DoubleNear2Test, CanDescribeSelf) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<double, double>&> m = DoubleNear(0.5);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveDoubleNear() matches a 2-tuple where
+// NanSensitiveDoubleNear(first field) matches the second field.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleNearTest, MatchesNearbyArgumentsWithNaN) {
+  typedef ::testing::tuple<double, double> Tpl;
+  Matcher<const Tpl&> m = NanSensitiveDoubleNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.1f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
+                            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.6f, 1.0f)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(1.0f, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(Tpl(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(), 1.0f)));
+}
+
+// Tests that NanSensitiveDoubleNear() describes itself properly.
+TEST(NanSensitiveDoubleNearTest, CanDescribeSelfWithNaNs) {
+  Matcher<const ::testing::tuple<double, double>&> m =
+      NanSensitiveDoubleNear(0.5f);
+  EXPECT_EQ("are an almost-equal pair", Describe(m));
+}
+
 // Tests that Not(m) matches any value that doesn't match m.
 TEST(NotTest, NegatesMatcher) {
   Matcher<int> m;
@@ -2106,7 +2545,7 @@ TEST(AllOfTest, VariadicMatchesWhenAllMatch) {
   ::testing::AllOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11);
   Matcher<int> m = AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8),
                          Ne(9), Ne(10), Ne(11));
-  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), EndsWith("and (isn't equal to 11))))))))))"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), EndsWith("and (isn't equal to 11)"));
   AllOfMatches(11, m);
   AllOfMatches(50, AllOf(Ne(1), Ne(2), Ne(3), Ne(4), Ne(5), Ne(6), Ne(7), Ne(8),
                          Ne(9), Ne(10), Ne(11), Ne(12), Ne(13), Ne(14), Ne(15),
@@ -2241,7 +2680,7 @@ TEST(AllOfTest, ExplainsResult) {
 }
 
 // Helper to allow easy testing of AnyOf matchers with num parameters.
-void AnyOfMatches(int num, const Matcher<int>& m) {
+static void AnyOfMatches(int num, const Matcher<int>& m) {
   SCOPED_TRACE(Describe(m));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(0));
   for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {
@@ -2250,6 +2689,18 @@ void AnyOfMatches(int num, const Matcher<int>& m) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(num + 1));
 }
 
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+static void AnyOfStringMatches(int num, const Matcher<std::string>& m) {
+  SCOPED_TRACE(Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(std::to_string(0)));
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= num; ++i) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(std::to_string(i)));
+  }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(std::to_string(num + 1)));
+}
+#endif
+
 // Tests that AnyOf(m1, ..., mn) matches any value that matches at
 // least one of the given matchers.
 TEST(AnyOfTest, MatchesWhenAnyMatches) {
@@ -2300,13 +2751,46 @@ TEST(AnyOfTest, VariadicMatchesWhenAnyMatches) {
   // on ADL.
   Matcher<int> m = ::testing::AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11);
 
-  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), EndsWith("or (is equal to 11))))))))))"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), EndsWith("or (is equal to 11)"));
   AnyOfMatches(11, m);
   AnyOfMatches(50, AnyOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
                          11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
                          21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
                          31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
                          41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50));
+  AnyOfStringMatches(
+      50, AnyOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12",
+                "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22",
+                "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31", "32",
+                "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "40", "41", "42",
+                "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50"));
+}
+
+// Tests the variadic version of the ElementsAreMatcher
+TEST(ElementsAreTest, HugeMatcher) {
+  vector<int> test_vector{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(test_vector,
+              ElementsAre(Eq(1), Eq(2), Lt(13), Eq(4), Eq(5), Eq(6), Eq(7),
+                          Eq(8), Eq(9), Eq(10), Gt(1), Eq(12)));
+}
+
+// Tests the variadic version of the UnorderedElementsAreMatcher
+TEST(ElementsAreTest, HugeMatcherStr) {
+  vector<string> test_vector{
+      "literal_string", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""};
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(test_vector, UnorderedElementsAre("literal_string", _, _, _, _, _,
+                                                _, _, _, _, _, _));
+}
+
+// Tests the variadic version of the UnorderedElementsAreMatcher
+TEST(ElementsAreTest, HugeMatcherUnordered) {
+  vector<int> test_vector{2, 1, 8, 5, 4, 6, 7, 3, 9, 12, 11, 10};
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(test_vector, UnorderedElementsAre(
+                               Eq(2), Eq(1), Gt(7), Eq(5), Eq(4), Eq(6), Eq(7),
+                               Eq(3), Eq(9), Eq(12), Eq(11), Ne(122)));
 }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
@@ -2583,6 +3067,22 @@ TEST(ExplainMatchResultTest, WorksInsideMATCHER) {
   EXPECT_THAT(0, Really(Eq(0)));
 }
 
+TEST(DescribeMatcherTest, WorksWithValue) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is equal to 42", DescribeMatcher<int>(42));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't equal to 42", DescribeMatcher<int>(42, true));
+}
+
+TEST(DescribeMatcherTest, WorksWithMonomorphicMatcher) {
+  const Matcher<int> monomorphic = Le(0);
+  EXPECT_EQ("is <= 0", DescribeMatcher<int>(monomorphic));
+  EXPECT_EQ("isn't <= 0", DescribeMatcher<int>(monomorphic, true));
+}
+
+TEST(DescribeMatcherTest, WorksWithPolymorphicMatcher) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("is even", DescribeMatcher<int>(PolymorphicIsEven()));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is odd", DescribeMatcher<int>(PolymorphicIsEven(), true));
+}
+
 TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksForTuple) {
   EXPECT_THAT(make_tuple(1, 2L), AllArgs(Lt()));
   EXPECT_THAT(make_tuple(2L, 1), Not(AllArgs(Lt())));
@@ -2617,6 +3117,44 @@ TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksInWithClause) {
   EXPECT_EQ(2, helper.Helper('a', 1));
 }
 
+class OptionalMatchersHelper {
+ public:
+  OptionalMatchersHelper() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD0(NoArgs, int());
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(OneArg, int(int y));
+
+  MOCK_METHOD2(TwoArgs, int(char x, int y));
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Overloaded, int(char x));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(Overloaded, int(char x, int y));
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(OptionalMatchersHelper);
+};
+
+TEST(AllArgsTest, WorksWithoutMatchers) {
+  OptionalMatchersHelper helper;
+
+  ON_CALL(helper, NoArgs).WillByDefault(Return(10));
+  ON_CALL(helper, OneArg).WillByDefault(Return(20));
+  ON_CALL(helper, TwoArgs).WillByDefault(Return(30));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, helper.NoArgs());
+  EXPECT_EQ(20, helper.OneArg(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(30, helper.TwoArgs('\1', 2));
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, NoArgs).Times(1);
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, OneArg).WillOnce(Return(100));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, OneArg(17)).WillOnce(Return(200));
+  EXPECT_CALL(helper, TwoArgs).Times(0);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(10, helper.NoArgs());
+  EXPECT_EQ(100, helper.OneArg(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(200, helper.OneArg(17));
+}
+
 // Tests that ASSERT_THAT() and EXPECT_THAT() work when the value
 // matches the matcher.
 TEST(MatcherAssertionTest, WorksWhenMatcherIsSatisfied) {
@@ -2685,9 +3223,9 @@ TEST(MatcherAssertionTest, WorksForMonomorphicMatcher) {
   Matcher<const char*> starts_with_he = StartsWith("he");
   ASSERT_THAT("hello", starts_with_he);
 
-  Matcher<const string&> ends_with_ok = EndsWith("ok");
+  Matcher<const std::string&> ends_with_ok = EndsWith("ok");
   ASSERT_THAT("book", ends_with_ok);
-  const string bad = "bad";
+  const std::string bad = "bad";
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_THAT(bad, ends_with_ok),
                           "Value of: bad\n"
                           "Expected: ends with \"ok\"\n"
@@ -2712,18 +3250,22 @@ class FloatingPointTest : public testing::Test {
         zero_bits_(Floating(0).bits()),
         one_bits_(Floating(1).bits()),
         infinity_bits_(Floating(Floating::Infinity()).bits()),
-        close_to_positive_zero_(AsBits(zero_bits_ + max_ulps_/2)),
-        close_to_negative_zero_(AsBits(zero_bits_ + max_ulps_ - max_ulps_/2)),
-        further_from_negative_zero_(-AsBits(
+        close_to_positive_zero_(
+            Floating::ReinterpretBits(zero_bits_ + max_ulps_/2)),
+        close_to_negative_zero_(
+            -Floating::ReinterpretBits(zero_bits_ + max_ulps_ - max_ulps_/2)),
+        further_from_negative_zero_(-Floating::ReinterpretBits(
             zero_bits_ + max_ulps_ + 1 - max_ulps_/2)),
-        close_to_one_(AsBits(one_bits_ + max_ulps_)),
-        further_from_one_(AsBits(one_bits_ + max_ulps_ + 1)),
+        close_to_one_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(one_bits_ + max_ulps_)),
+        further_from_one_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(one_bits_ + max_ulps_ + 1)),
         infinity_(Floating::Infinity()),
-        close_to_infinity_(AsBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_)),
-        further_from_infinity_(AsBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_ - 1)),
+        close_to_infinity_(
+            Floating::ReinterpretBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_)),
+        further_from_infinity_(
+            Floating::ReinterpretBits(infinity_bits_ - max_ulps_ - 1)),
         max_(Floating::Max()),
-        nan1_(AsBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 1)),
-        nan2_(AsBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 200)) {
+        nan1_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 1)),
+        nan2_(Floating::ReinterpretBits(Floating::kExponentBitMask | 200)) {
   }
 
   void TestSize() {
@@ -2778,7 +3320,7 @@ class FloatingPointTest : public testing::Test {
 
   // Pre-calculated numbers to be used by the tests.
 
-  const size_t max_ulps_;
+  const Bits max_ulps_;
 
   const Bits zero_bits_;  // The bits that represent 0.0.
   const Bits one_bits_;  // The bits that represent 1.0.
@@ -2804,12 +3346,6 @@ class FloatingPointTest : public testing::Test {
   // Some NaNs.
   const RawType nan1_;
   const RawType nan2_;
-
- private:
-  template <typename T>
-  static RawType AsBits(T value) {
-    return Floating::ReinterpretBits(static_cast<Bits>(value));
-  }
 };
 
 // Tests floating-point matchers with fixed epsilons.
@@ -3099,7 +3635,8 @@ TEST_F(DoubleNearTest, ExplainsResultWhenMatchFails) {
   EXPECT_EQ("which is 0.2 from 2", Explain(DoubleNear(2.0, 0.1), 2.2));
   EXPECT_EQ("which is -0.3 from 2", Explain(DoubleNear(2.0, 0.1), 1.7));
 
-  const string explanation = Explain(DoubleNear(2.1, 1e-10), 2.1 + 1.2e-10);
+  const std::string explanation =
+      Explain(DoubleNear(2.1, 1e-10), 2.1 + 1.2e-10);
   // Different C++ implementations may print floating-point numbers
   // slightly differently.
   EXPECT_TRUE(explanation == "which is 1.2e-10 from 2.1" ||  // GCC
@@ -3186,7 +3723,6 @@ MATCHER_P(FieldIIs, inner_matcher, "") {
 }
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
-
 TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, SameType) {
   Derived derived;
   derived.i = 4;
@@ -3244,7 +3780,7 @@ TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, AmbiguousCast) {
 
 TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, Describe) {
   Matcher<Base*> matcher = WhenDynamicCastTo<Derived*>(Pointee(_));
-  const string prefix =
+  const std::string prefix =
       "when dynamic_cast to " + internal::GetTypeName<Derived*>() + ", ";
   EXPECT_EQ(prefix + "points to a value that is anything", Describe(matcher));
   EXPECT_EQ(prefix + "does not point to a value that is anything",
@@ -3278,7 +3814,6 @@ TEST(WhenDynamicCastToTest, BadReference) {
   Base& as_base_ref = derived;
   EXPECT_THAT(as_base_ref, Not(WhenDynamicCastTo<const OtherDerived&>(_)));
 }
-
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
 
 // Minimal const-propagating pointer.
@@ -3337,9 +3872,9 @@ TEST(PointeeTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
 }
 
 TEST(PointeeTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
-  const Matcher<const string*> m = Pointee(StartsWith("Hi"));
+  const Matcher<const std::string*> m = Pointee(StartsWith("Hi"));
 
-  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, static_cast<const string*>(NULL)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, static_cast<const std::string*>(NULL)));
 
   const Matcher<long*> m2 = Pointee(GreaterThan(1));  // NOLINT
   long n = 3;  // NOLINT
@@ -3400,11 +3935,14 @@ struct DerivedStruct : public AStruct {
 // Tests that Field(&Foo::field, ...) works when field is non-const.
 TEST(FieldTest, WorksForNonConstField) {
   Matcher<AStruct> m = Field(&AStruct::x, Ge(0));
+  Matcher<AStruct> m_with_name = Field("x", &AStruct::x, Ge(0));
 
   AStruct a;
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
   a.x = -1;
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 }
 
 // Tests that Field(&Foo::field, ...) works when field is const.
@@ -3412,9 +3950,13 @@ TEST(FieldTest, WorksForConstField) {
   AStruct a;
 
   Matcher<AStruct> m = Field(&AStruct::y, Ge(0.0));
+  Matcher<AStruct> m_with_name = Field("y", &AStruct::y, Ge(0.0));
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
   m = Field(&AStruct::y, Le(0.0));
+  m_with_name = Field("y", &AStruct::y, Le(0.0));
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 }
 
 // Tests that Field(&Foo::field, ...) works when field is not copyable.
@@ -3488,6 +4030,14 @@ TEST(FieldTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
   EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose given field isn't >= 0", DescribeNegation(m));
 }
 
+TEST(FieldTest, CanDescribeSelfWithFieldName) {
+  Matcher<const AStruct&> m = Field("field_name", &AStruct::x, Ge(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose field `field_name` is >= 0", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose field `field_name` isn't >= 0",
+            DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
 // Tests that Field() can explain the match result.
 TEST(FieldTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
   Matcher<const AStruct&> m = Field(&AStruct::x, Ge(0));
@@ -3502,6 +4052,19 @@ TEST(FieldTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
       Explain(m, a));
 }
 
+TEST(FieldTest, CanExplainMatchResultWithFieldName) {
+  Matcher<const AStruct&> m = Field("field_name", &AStruct::x, Ge(0));
+
+  AStruct a;
+  a.x = 1;
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose field `field_name` is 1" + OfType("int"), Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Field("field_name", &AStruct::x, GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose field `field_name` is 1" + OfType("int") +
+                ", which is 1 more than 0",
+            Explain(m, a));
+}
+
 // Tests that Field() works when the argument is a pointer to const.
 TEST(FieldForPointerTest, WorksForPointerToConst) {
   Matcher<const AStruct*> m = Field(&AStruct::x, Ge(0));
@@ -3559,6 +4122,14 @@ TEST(FieldForPointerTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
   EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose given field isn't >= 0", DescribeNegation(m));
 }
 
+TEST(FieldForPointerTest, CanDescribeSelfWithFieldName) {
+  Matcher<const AStruct*> m = Field("field_name", &AStruct::x, Ge(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose field `field_name` is >= 0", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose field `field_name` isn't >= 0",
+            DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
 // Tests that Field() can explain the result of matching a pointer.
 TEST(FieldForPointerTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
   Matcher<const AStruct*> m = Field(&AStruct::x, Ge(0));
@@ -3574,6 +4145,22 @@ TEST(FieldForPointerTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
             ", which is 1 more than 0", Explain(m, &a));
 }
 
+TEST(FieldForPointerTest, CanExplainMatchResultWithFieldName) {
+  Matcher<const AStruct*> m = Field("field_name", &AStruct::x, Ge(0));
+
+  AStruct a;
+  a.x = 1;
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, static_cast<const AStruct*>(NULL)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "which points to an object whose field `field_name` is 1" + OfType("int"),
+      Explain(m, &a));
+
+  m = Field("field_name", &AStruct::x, GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which points to an object whose field `field_name` is 1" +
+                OfType("int") + ", which is 1 more than 0",
+            Explain(m, &a));
+}
+
 // A user-defined class for testing Property().
 class AClass {
  public:
@@ -3585,15 +4172,20 @@ class AClass {
   void set_n(int new_n) { n_ = new_n; }
 
   // A getter that returns a reference to const.
-  const string& s() const { return s_; }
+  const std::string& s() const { return s_; }
 
-  void set_s(const string& new_s) { s_ = new_s; }
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+  const std::string& s_ref() const & { return s_; }
+#endif
+
+  void set_s(const std::string& new_s) { s_ = new_s; }
 
   // A getter that returns a reference to non-const.
   double& x() const { return x_; }
+
  private:
   int n_;
-  string s_;
+  std::string s_;
 
   static double x_;
 };
@@ -3612,27 +4204,53 @@ class DerivedClass : public AClass {
 // returns a non-reference.
 TEST(PropertyTest, WorksForNonReferenceProperty) {
   Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property(&AClass::n, Ge(0));
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m_with_name = Property("n", &AClass::n, Ge(0));
 
   AClass a;
   a.set_n(1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 
   a.set_n(-1);
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 }
 
 // Tests that Property(&Foo::property, ...) works when property()
 // returns a reference to const.
 TEST(PropertyTest, WorksForReferenceToConstProperty) {
   Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property(&AClass::s, StartsWith("hi"));
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m_with_name =
+      Property("s", &AClass::s, StartsWith("hi"));
+
+  AClass a;
+  a.set_s("hill");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
+
+  a.set_s("hole");
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// Tests that Property(&Foo::property, ...) works when property() is
+// ref-qualified.
+TEST(PropertyTest, WorksForRefQualifiedProperty) {
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property(&AClass::s_ref, StartsWith("hi"));
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m_with_name =
+      Property("s", &AClass::s_ref, StartsWith("hi"));
 
   AClass a;
   a.set_s("hill");
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 
   a.set_s("hole");
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 }
+#endif
 
 // Tests that Property(&Foo::property, ...) works when property()
 // returns a reference to non-const.
@@ -3682,10 +4300,15 @@ TEST(PropertyTest, WorksForCompatibleMatcherType) {
   Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property(&AClass::n,
                                       Matcher<signed char>(Ge(0)));
 
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m_with_name =
+      Property("n", &AClass::n, Matcher<signed char>(Ge(0)));
+
   AClass a;
   EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
   a.set_n(-1);
   EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(a));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m_with_name.Matches(a));
 }
 
 // Tests that Property() can describe itself.
@@ -3697,6 +4320,14 @@ TEST(PropertyTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
             DescribeNegation(m));
 }
 
+TEST(PropertyTest, CanDescribeSelfWithPropertyName) {
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property("fancy_name", &AClass::n, Ge(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose property `fancy_name` is >= 0", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose property `fancy_name` isn't >= 0",
+            DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
 // Tests that Property() can explain the match result.
 TEST(PropertyTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
   Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property(&AClass::n, Ge(0));
@@ -3711,6 +4342,19 @@ TEST(PropertyTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
       Explain(m, a));
 }
 
+TEST(PropertyTest, CanExplainMatchResultWithPropertyName) {
+  Matcher<const AClass&> m = Property("fancy_name", &AClass::n, Ge(0));
+
+  AClass a;
+  a.set_n(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose property `fancy_name` is 1" + OfType("int"), Explain(m, a));
+
+  m = Property("fancy_name", &AClass::n, GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose property `fancy_name` is 1" + OfType("int") +
+                ", which is 1 more than 0",
+            Explain(m, a));
+}
+
 // Tests that Property() works when the argument is a pointer to const.
 TEST(PropertyForPointerTest, WorksForPointerToConst) {
   Matcher<const AClass*> m = Property(&AClass::n, Ge(0));
@@ -3778,6 +4422,14 @@ TEST(PropertyForPointerTest, CanDescribeSelf) {
             DescribeNegation(m));
 }
 
+TEST(PropertyForPointerTest, CanDescribeSelfWithPropertyDescription) {
+  Matcher<const AClass*> m = Property("fancy_name", &AClass::n, Ge(0));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose property `fancy_name` is >= 0", Describe(m));
+  EXPECT_EQ("is an object whose property `fancy_name` isn't >= 0",
+            DescribeNegation(m));
+}
+
 // Tests that Property() can explain the result of matching a pointer.
 TEST(PropertyForPointerTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
   Matcher<const AClass*> m = Property(&AClass::n, Ge(0));
@@ -3795,14 +4447,32 @@ TEST(PropertyForPointerTest, CanExplainMatchResult) {
             Explain(m, &a));
 }
 
+TEST(PropertyForPointerTest, CanExplainMatchResultWithPropertyName) {
+  Matcher<const AClass*> m = Property("fancy_name", &AClass::n, Ge(0));
+
+  AClass a;
+  a.set_n(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", Explain(m, static_cast<const AClass*>(NULL)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which points to an object whose property `fancy_name` is 1" +
+                OfType("int"),
+            Explain(m, &a));
+
+  m = Property("fancy_name", &AClass::n, GreaterThan(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ("which points to an object whose property `fancy_name` is 1" +
+                OfType("int") + ", which is 1 more than 0",
+            Explain(m, &a));
+}
+
 // Tests ResultOf.
 
 // Tests that ResultOf(f, ...) compiles and works as expected when f is a
 // function pointer.
-string IntToStringFunction(int input) { return input == 1 ? "foo" : "bar"; }
+std::string IntToStringFunction(int input) {
+  return input == 1 ? "foo" : "bar";
+}
 
 TEST(ResultOfTest, WorksForFunctionPointers) {
-  Matcher<int> matcher = ResultOf(&IntToStringFunction, Eq(string("foo")));
+  Matcher<int> matcher = ResultOf(&IntToStringFunction, Eq(std::string("foo")));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches(1));
   EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches(2));
@@ -3868,12 +4538,12 @@ TEST(ResultOfTest, WorksForReferenceToNonConstResults) {
 
 // Tests that ResultOf(f, ...) compiles and works as expected when f(x)
 // returns a reference to const.
-const string& StringFunction(const string& input) { return input; }
+const std::string& StringFunction(const std::string& input) { return input; }
 
 TEST(ResultOfTest, WorksForReferenceToConstResults) {
-  string s = "foo";
-  string s2 = s;
-  Matcher<const string&> matcher = ResultOf(&StringFunction, Ref(s));
+  std::string s = "foo";
+  std::string s2 = s;
+  Matcher<const std::string&> matcher = ResultOf(&StringFunction, Ref(s));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches(s));
   EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches(s2));
@@ -3893,8 +4563,9 @@ TEST(ResultOfTest, WorksForCompatibleMatcherTypes) {
 // a NULL function pointer.
 TEST(ResultOfDeathTest, DiesOnNullFunctionPointers) {
   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(
-      ResultOf(static_cast<string(*)(int dummy)>(NULL), Eq(string("foo"))),
-               "NULL function pointer is passed into ResultOf\\(\\)\\.");
+      ResultOf(static_cast<std::string (*)(int dummy)>(NULL),
+               Eq(std::string("foo"))),
+      "NULL function pointer is passed into ResultOf\\(\\)\\.");
 }
 
 // Tests that ResultOf(f, ...) compiles and works as expected when f is a
@@ -3907,21 +4578,21 @@ TEST(ResultOfTest, WorksForFunctionReferences) {
 
 // Tests that ResultOf(f, ...) compiles and works as expected when f is a
 // function object.
-struct Functor : public ::std::unary_function<int, string> {
+struct Functor : public ::std::unary_function<int, std::string> {
   result_type operator()(argument_type input) const {
     return IntToStringFunction(input);
   }
 };
 
 TEST(ResultOfTest, WorksForFunctors) {
-  Matcher<int> matcher = ResultOf(Functor(), Eq(string("foo")));
+  Matcher<int> matcher = ResultOf(Functor(), Eq(std::string("foo")));
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(matcher.Matches(1));
   EXPECT_FALSE(matcher.Matches(2));
 }
 
 // Tests that ResultOf(f, ...) compiles and works as expected when f is a
-// functor with more then one operator() defined. ResultOf() must work
+// functor with more than one operator() defined. ResultOf() must work
 // for each defined operator().
 struct PolymorphicFunctor {
   typedef int result_type;
@@ -4080,11 +4751,11 @@ TEST(IsEmptyTest, ImplementsIsEmpty) {
 }
 
 TEST(IsEmptyTest, WorksWithString) {
-  string text;
+  std::string text;
   EXPECT_THAT(text, IsEmpty());
   text = "foo";
   EXPECT_THAT(text, Not(IsEmpty()));
-  text = string("\0", 1);
+  text = std::string("\0", 1);
   EXPECT_THAT(text, Not(IsEmpty()));
 }
 
@@ -4102,6 +4773,44 @@ TEST(IsEmptyTest, ExplainsResult) {
   EXPECT_EQ("whose size is 1", Explain(m, container));
 }
 
+TEST(IsTrueTest, IsTrueIsFalse) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(true, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(false, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(true, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(false, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(0, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(NULL, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(NULL, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(-1, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(1, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(2, Not(IsFalse()));
+  int a = 42;
+  EXPECT_THAT(a, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(a, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(&a, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(&a, Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(false, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(true, Not(IsFalse()));
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::true_type(), IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::true_type(), Not(IsFalse()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::false_type(), IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(std::false_type(), Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(nullptr, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(nullptr, IsFalse());
+  std::unique_ptr<int> null_unique;
+  std::unique_ptr<int> nonnull_unique(new int(0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(null_unique, Not(IsTrue()));
+  EXPECT_THAT(null_unique, IsFalse());
+  EXPECT_THAT(nonnull_unique, IsTrue());
+  EXPECT_THAT(nonnull_unique, Not(IsFalse()));
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+}
+
 TEST(SizeIsTest, ImplementsSizeIs) {
   vector<int> container;
   EXPECT_THAT(container, SizeIs(0));
@@ -4115,7 +4824,7 @@ TEST(SizeIsTest, ImplementsSizeIs) {
 }
 
 TEST(SizeIsTest, WorksWithMap) {
-  map<string, int> container;
+  map<std::string, int> container;
   EXPECT_THAT(container, SizeIs(0));
   EXPECT_THAT(container, Not(SizeIs(1)));
   container.insert(make_pair("foo", 1));
@@ -4235,7 +4944,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(ContainerEqTest, DuplicateDifference) {
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 
 // Tests that mutliple missing values are reported.
-// Using just vector here, so order is predicatble.
+// Using just vector here, so order is predictable.
 TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultipleValuesMissing) {
   static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
   static const int test_vals[] = {2, 1, 5};
@@ -4248,7 +4957,7 @@ TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultipleValuesMissing) {
 }
 
 // Tests that added values are reported.
-// Using just vector here, so order is predicatble.
+// Using just vector here, so order is predictable.
 TEST(ContainerEqExtraTest, MultipleValuesAdded) {
   static const int vals[] = {1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8};
   static const int test_vals[] = {1, 2, 92, 3, 5, 8, 46};
@@ -4380,13 +5089,13 @@ TEST(WhenSortedByTest, WorksForNonEmptyContainer) {
 }
 
 TEST(WhenSortedByTest, WorksForNonVectorContainer) {
-  list<string> words;
+  list<std::string> words;
   words.push_back("say");
   words.push_back("hello");
   words.push_back("world");
-  EXPECT_THAT(words, WhenSortedBy(less<string>(),
+  EXPECT_THAT(words, WhenSortedBy(less<std::string>(),
                                   ElementsAre("hello", "say", "world")));
-  EXPECT_THAT(words, Not(WhenSortedBy(less<string>(),
+  EXPECT_THAT(words, Not(WhenSortedBy(less<std::string>(),
                                       ElementsAre("say", "hello", "world"))));
 }
 
@@ -4429,7 +5138,7 @@ TEST(WhenSortedTest, WorksForEmptyContainer) {
 }
 
 TEST(WhenSortedTest, WorksForNonEmptyContainer) {
-  list<string> words;
+  list<std::string> words;
   words.push_back("3");
   words.push_back("1");
   words.push_back("2");
@@ -4439,14 +5148,16 @@ TEST(WhenSortedTest, WorksForNonEmptyContainer) {
 }
 
 TEST(WhenSortedTest, WorksForMapTypes) {
-    map<string, int> word_counts;
-    word_counts["and"] = 1;
-    word_counts["the"] = 1;
-    word_counts["buffalo"] = 2;
-    EXPECT_THAT(word_counts, WhenSorted(ElementsAre(
-            Pair("and", 1), Pair("buffalo", 2), Pair("the", 1))));
-    EXPECT_THAT(word_counts, Not(WhenSorted(ElementsAre(
-            Pair("and", 1), Pair("the", 1), Pair("buffalo", 2)))));
+  map<std::string, int> word_counts;
+  word_counts["and"] = 1;
+  word_counts["the"] = 1;
+  word_counts["buffalo"] = 2;
+  EXPECT_THAT(word_counts,
+              WhenSorted(ElementsAre(Pair("and", 1), Pair("buffalo", 2),
+                                     Pair("the", 1))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(word_counts,
+              Not(WhenSorted(ElementsAre(Pair("and", 1), Pair("the", 1),
+                                         Pair("buffalo", 2)))));
 }
 
 TEST(WhenSortedTest, WorksForMultiMapTypes) {
@@ -4654,6 +5365,250 @@ TEST(WhenSortedTest, WorksForVectorConstRefMatcherOnStreamlike) {
   EXPECT_THAT(s, Not(WhenSorted(ElementsAre(2, 1, 4, 5, 3))));
 }
 
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, WorksForNativeArray) {
+  const int subset[] = {1, 4};
+  const int superset[] = {1, 2, 4};
+  const int disjoint[] = {1, 0, 3};
+  EXPECT_THAT(subset, IsSupersetOf(subset));
+  EXPECT_THAT(subset, Not(IsSupersetOf(superset)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(superset, IsSupersetOf(subset));
+  EXPECT_THAT(subset, Not(IsSupersetOf(disjoint)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(disjoint, Not(IsSupersetOf(subset)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, WorksWithDuplicates) {
+  const int not_enough[] = {1, 2};
+  const int enough[] = {1, 1, 2};
+  const int expected[] = {1, 1};
+  EXPECT_THAT(not_enough, Not(IsSupersetOf(expected)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(enough, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, WorksForEmpty) {
+  vector<int> numbers;
+  vector<int> expected;
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, Not(IsSupersetOf(expected)));
+  expected.clear();
+  numbers.push_back(1);
+  numbers.push_back(2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+  expected.push_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, Not(IsSupersetOf(expected)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, WorksForStreamlike) {
+  const int a[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+  Streamlike<int> s(a, a + GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a));
+
+  vector<int> expected;
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  expected.push_back(5);
+  EXPECT_THAT(s, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+
+  expected.push_back(0);
+  EXPECT_THAT(s, Not(IsSupersetOf(expected)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, TakesStlContainer) {
+  const int actual[] = {3, 1, 2};
+
+  ::std::list<int> expected;
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  expected.push_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(actual, IsSupersetOf(expected));
+
+  expected.push_back(4);
+  EXPECT_THAT(actual, Not(IsSupersetOf(expected)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, Describe) {
+  typedef std::vector<int> IntVec;
+  IntVec expected;
+  expected.push_back(111);
+  expected.push_back(222);
+  expected.push_back(333);
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      Describe<IntVec>(IsSupersetOf(expected)),
+      Eq("a surjection from elements to requirements exists such that:\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 111\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 222\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 333"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, DescribeNegation) {
+  typedef std::vector<int> IntVec;
+  IntVec expected;
+  expected.push_back(111);
+  expected.push_back(222);
+  expected.push_back(333);
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      DescribeNegation<IntVec>(IsSupersetOf(expected)),
+      Eq("no surjection from elements to requirements exists such that:\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 111\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 222\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 333"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, MatchAndExplain) {
+  std::vector<int> v;
+  v.push_back(2);
+  v.push_back(3);
+  std::vector<int> expected;
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ExplainMatchResult(IsSupersetOf(expected), v, &listener))
+      << listener.str();
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(),
+              Eq("where the following matchers don't match any elements:\n"
+                 "matcher #0: is equal to 1"));
+
+  v.push_back(1);
+  listener.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ExplainMatchResult(IsSupersetOf(expected), v, &listener))
+      << listener.str();
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), Eq("where:\n"
+                                 " - element #0 is matched by matcher #1,\n"
+                                 " - element #2 is matched by matcher #0"));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+TEST(IsSupersetOfTest, WorksForRhsInitializerList) {
+  const int numbers[] = {1, 3, 6, 2, 4, 5};
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSupersetOf({1, 2}));
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, Not(IsSupersetOf({3, 0})));
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, WorksForNativeArray) {
+  const int subset[] = {1, 4};
+  const int superset[] = {1, 2, 4};
+  const int disjoint[] = {1, 0, 3};
+  EXPECT_THAT(subset, IsSubsetOf(subset));
+  EXPECT_THAT(subset, IsSubsetOf(superset));
+  EXPECT_THAT(superset, Not(IsSubsetOf(subset)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(subset, Not(IsSubsetOf(disjoint)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(disjoint, Not(IsSubsetOf(subset)));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, WorksWithDuplicates) {
+  const int not_enough[] = {1, 2};
+  const int enough[] = {1, 1, 2};
+  const int actual[] = {1, 1};
+  EXPECT_THAT(actual, Not(IsSubsetOf(not_enough)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(actual, IsSubsetOf(enough));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, WorksForEmpty) {
+  vector<int> numbers;
+  vector<int> expected;
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSubsetOf(expected));
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSubsetOf(expected));
+  expected.clear();
+  numbers.push_back(1);
+  numbers.push_back(2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, Not(IsSubsetOf(expected)));
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, Not(IsSubsetOf(expected)));
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSubsetOf(expected));
+  expected.push_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSubsetOf(expected));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, WorksForStreamlike) {
+  const int a[5] = {1, 2};
+  Streamlike<int> s(a, a + GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(a));
+
+  vector<int> expected;
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_THAT(s, Not(IsSubsetOf(expected)));
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  expected.push_back(5);
+  EXPECT_THAT(s, IsSubsetOf(expected));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, TakesStlContainer) {
+  const int actual[] = {3, 1, 2};
+
+  ::std::list<int> expected;
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  expected.push_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(actual, Not(IsSubsetOf(expected)));
+
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  expected.push_back(4);
+  EXPECT_THAT(actual, IsSubsetOf(expected));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, Describe) {
+  typedef std::vector<int> IntVec;
+  IntVec expected;
+  expected.push_back(111);
+  expected.push_back(222);
+  expected.push_back(333);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      Describe<IntVec>(IsSubsetOf(expected)),
+      Eq("an injection from elements to requirements exists such that:\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 111\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 222\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 333"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, DescribeNegation) {
+  typedef std::vector<int> IntVec;
+  IntVec expected;
+  expected.push_back(111);
+  expected.push_back(222);
+  expected.push_back(333);
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      DescribeNegation<IntVec>(IsSubsetOf(expected)),
+      Eq("no injection from elements to requirements exists such that:\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 111\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 222\n"
+         " - an element is equal to 333"));
+}
+
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, MatchAndExplain) {
+  std::vector<int> v;
+  v.push_back(2);
+  v.push_back(3);
+  std::vector<int> expected;
+  expected.push_back(1);
+  expected.push_back(2);
+  StringMatchResultListener listener;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(ExplainMatchResult(IsSubsetOf(expected), v, &listener))
+      << listener.str();
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(),
+              Eq("where the following elements don't match any matchers:\n"
+                 "element #1: 3"));
+
+  expected.push_back(3);
+  listener.Clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ExplainMatchResult(IsSubsetOf(expected), v, &listener))
+      << listener.str();
+  EXPECT_THAT(listener.str(), Eq("where:\n"
+                                 " - element #0 is matched by matcher #1,\n"
+                                 " - element #1 is matched by matcher #2"));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
+TEST(IsSubsetOfTest, WorksForRhsInitializerList) {
+  const int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3};
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, IsSubsetOf({1, 2, 3, 4}));
+  EXPECT_THAT(numbers, Not(IsSubsetOf({1, 2})));
+}
+#endif
+
 // Tests using ElementsAre() and ElementsAreArray() with stream-like
 // "containers".
 
@@ -4763,7 +5718,7 @@ TEST(UnorderedElementsAreArrayTest, TakesInitializerList) {
 }
 
 TEST(UnorderedElementsAreArrayTest, TakesInitializerListOfCStrings) {
-  const string a[5] = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
+  const std::string a[5] = {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"};
   EXPECT_THAT(a, UnorderedElementsAreArray({"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}));
   EXPECT_THAT(a, Not(UnorderedElementsAreArray({"a", "b", "c", "d", "ef"})));
 }
@@ -4937,7 +5892,7 @@ TEST_F(UnorderedElementsAreTest, FailMessageUnmatchedMatcherAndElement) {
 }
 
 // Test helper for formatting element, matcher index pairs in expectations.
-static string EMString(int element, int matcher) {
+static std::string EMString(int element, int matcher) {
   stringstream ss;
   ss << "(element #" << element << ", matcher #" << matcher << ")";
   return ss.str();
@@ -4946,7 +5901,7 @@ static string EMString(int element, int matcher) {
 TEST_F(UnorderedElementsAreTest, FailMessageImperfectMatchOnly) {
   // A situation where all elements and matchers have a match
   // associated with them, but the max matching is not perfect.
-  std::vector<string> v;
+  std::vector<std::string> v;
   v.push_back("a");
   v.push_back("b");
   v.push_back("c");
@@ -4955,7 +5910,7 @@ TEST_F(UnorderedElementsAreTest, FailMessageImperfectMatchOnly) {
       UnorderedElementsAre("a", "a", AnyOf("b", "c")), v, &listener))
       << listener.str();
 
-  string prefix =
+  std::string prefix =
       "where no permutation of the elements can satisfy all matchers, "
       "and the closest match is 2 of 3 matchers with the "
       "pairings:\n";
@@ -5238,28 +6193,6 @@ TEST(IsReadableTypeNameTest, ReturnsFalseForLongFunctionTypeNames) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsReadableTypeName("void (&)(int, bool, char, float)"));
 }
 
-// Tests JoinAsTuple().
-
-TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsEmptyTuple) {
-  EXPECT_EQ("", JoinAsTuple(Strings()));
-}
-
-TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsOneTuple) {
-  const char* fields[] = {"1"};
-  EXPECT_EQ("1", JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 1)));
-}
-
-TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsTwoTuple) {
-  const char* fields[] = {"1", "a"};
-  EXPECT_EQ("(1, a)", JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 2)));
-}
-
-TEST(JoinAsTupleTest, JoinsTenTuple) {
-  const char* fields[] = {"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10"};
-  EXPECT_EQ("(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)",
-            JoinAsTuple(Strings(fields, fields + 10)));
-}
-
 // Tests FormatMatcherDescription().
 
 TEST(FormatMatcherDescriptionTest, WorksForEmptyDescription) {
@@ -5366,13 +6299,13 @@ TEST(EachTest, MatchesVectorWhenAllElementsMatch) {
   EXPECT_THAT(some_vector, Not(Each(3)));
   EXPECT_THAT(some_vector, Each(Lt(3.5)));
 
-  vector<string> another_vector;
+  vector<std::string> another_vector;
   another_vector.push_back("fee");
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_vector, Each(string("fee")));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_vector, Each(std::string("fee")));
   another_vector.push_back("fie");
   another_vector.push_back("foe");
   another_vector.push_back("fum");
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_vector, Not(Each(string("fee"))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_vector, Not(Each(std::string("fee"))));
 }
 
 TEST(EachTest, MatchesMapWhenAllElementsMatch) {
@@ -5381,15 +6314,15 @@ TEST(EachTest, MatchesMapWhenAllElementsMatch) {
   my_map[bar] = 2;
   EXPECT_THAT(my_map, Each(make_pair(bar, 2)));
 
-  map<string, int> another_map;
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Each(make_pair(string("fee"), 1)));
+  map<std::string, int> another_map;
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Each(make_pair(std::string("fee"), 1)));
   another_map["fee"] = 1;
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Each(make_pair(string("fee"), 1)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Each(make_pair(std::string("fee"), 1)));
   another_map["fie"] = 2;
   another_map["foe"] = 3;
   another_map["fum"] = 4;
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Not(Each(make_pair(string("fee"), 1))));
-  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Not(Each(make_pair(string("fum"), 1))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Not(Each(make_pair(std::string("fee"), 1))));
+  EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Not(Each(make_pair(std::string("fum"), 1))));
   EXPECT_THAT(another_map, Each(Pair(_, Gt(0))));
 }
 
@@ -5483,6 +6416,16 @@ TEST(PointwiseTest, WorksForRhsNativeArray) {
   EXPECT_THAT(lhs, Not(Pointwise(Lt(), rhs)));
 }
 
+// Test is effective only with sanitizers.
+TEST(PointwiseTest, WorksForVectorOfBool) {
+  vector<bool> rhs(3, false);
+  rhs[1] = true;
+  vector<bool> lhs = rhs;
+  EXPECT_THAT(lhs, Pointwise(Eq(), rhs));
+  rhs[0] = true;
+  EXPECT_THAT(lhs, Not(Pointwise(Eq(), rhs)));
+}
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_
 
 TEST(PointwiseTest, WorksForRhsInitializerList) {
@@ -5648,5 +6591,198 @@ TEST(UnorderedPointwiseTest, AllowsMonomorphicInnerMatcher) {
   EXPECT_THAT(lhs, UnorderedPointwise(m2, rhs));
 }
 
+// Sample optional type implementation with minimal requirements for use with
+// Optional matcher.
+class SampleOptionalInt {
+ public:
+  typedef int value_type;
+  explicit SampleOptionalInt(int value) : value_(value), has_value_(true) {}
+  SampleOptionalInt() : value_(0), has_value_(false) {}
+  operator bool() const {
+    return has_value_;
+  }
+  const int& operator*() const {
+    return value_;
+  }
+ private:
+  int value_;
+  bool has_value_;
+};
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, DescribesSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptionalInt> m = Optional(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("value is equal to 1", Describe(m));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, ExplainsSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptionalInt> m = Optional(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose value 1 matches", Explain(m, SampleOptionalInt(1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ("whose value 2 doesn't match", Explain(m, SampleOptionalInt(2)));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, MatchesNonEmptyOptional) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptionalInt> m1 = Optional(1);
+  const Matcher<SampleOptionalInt> m2 = Optional(Eq(2));
+  const Matcher<SampleOptionalInt> m3 = Optional(Lt(3));
+  SampleOptionalInt opt(1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m1.Matches(opt));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m2.Matches(opt));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m3.Matches(opt));
+}
+
+TEST(OptionalTest, DoesNotMatchNullopt) {
+  const Matcher<SampleOptionalInt> m = Optional(1);
+  SampleOptionalInt empty;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(empty));
+}
+
+class SampleVariantIntString {
+ public:
+  SampleVariantIntString(int i) : i_(i), has_int_(true) {}
+  SampleVariantIntString(const std::string& s) : s_(s), has_int_(false) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend bool holds_alternative(const SampleVariantIntString& value) {
+    return value.has_int_ == internal::IsSame<T, int>::value;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend const T& get(const SampleVariantIntString& value) {
+    return value.get_impl(static_cast<T*>(NULL));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const int& get_impl(int*) const { return i_; }
+  const std::string& get_impl(std::string*) const { return s_; }
+
+  int i_;
+  std::string s_;
+  bool has_int_;
+};
+
+TEST(VariantTest, DescribesSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), ContainsRegex("is a variant<> with value of type "
+                                         "'.*' and the value is equal to 1"));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, ExplainsSelf) {
+  const Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleVariantIntString(1)),
+              ContainsRegex("whose value 1"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleVariantIntString("A")),
+              HasSubstr("whose value is not of type '"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleVariantIntString(2)),
+              "whose value 2 doesn't match");
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, FullMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString(1)));
+
+  m = VariantWith<std::string>(Eq("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString("1")));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, TypeDoesNotMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString("1")));
+
+  m = VariantWith<std::string>(Eq("1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString(1)));
+}
+
+TEST(VariantTest, InnerDoesNotMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleVariantIntString> m = VariantWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString(2)));
+
+  m = VariantWith<std::string>(Eq("1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleVariantIntString("2")));
+}
+
+class SampleAnyType {
+ public:
+  explicit SampleAnyType(int i) : index_(0), i_(i) {}
+  explicit SampleAnyType(const std::string& s) : index_(1), s_(s) {}
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend const T* any_cast(const SampleAnyType* any) {
+    return any->get_impl(static_cast<T*>(NULL));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  int index_;
+  int i_;
+  std::string s_;
+
+  const int* get_impl(int*) const { return index_ == 0 ? &i_ : NULL; }
+  const std::string* get_impl(std::string*) const {
+    return index_ == 1 ? &s_ : NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, FullMatch) {
+  Matcher<SampleAnyType> m = AnyWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(m.Matches(SampleAnyType(1)));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, TestBadCastType) {
+  Matcher<SampleAnyType> m = AnyWith<std::string>(Eq("fail"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(m.Matches(SampleAnyType(1)));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+TEST(AnyWithTest, TestUseInContainers) {
+  std::vector<SampleAnyType> a;
+  a.emplace_back(1);
+  a.emplace_back(2);
+  a.emplace_back(3);
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      a, ElementsAreArray({AnyWith<int>(1), AnyWith<int>(2), AnyWith<int>(3)}));
+
+  std::vector<SampleAnyType> b;
+  b.emplace_back("hello");
+  b.emplace_back("merhaba");
+  b.emplace_back("salut");
+  EXPECT_THAT(b, ElementsAreArray({AnyWith<std::string>("hello"),
+                                   AnyWith<std::string>("merhaba"),
+                                   AnyWith<std::string>("salut")}));
+}
+#endif  //  GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+TEST(AnyWithTest, TestCompare) {
+  EXPECT_THAT(SampleAnyType(1), AnyWith<int>(Gt(0)));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, DescribesSelf) {
+  const Matcher<const SampleAnyType&> m = AnyWith<int>(Eq(1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Describe(m), ContainsRegex("is an 'any' type with value of type "
+                                         "'.*' and the value is equal to 1"));
+}
+
+TEST(AnyWithTest, ExplainsSelf) {
+  const Matcher<const SampleAnyType&> m = AnyWith<int>(Eq(1));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleAnyType(1)), ContainsRegex("whose value 1"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleAnyType("A")),
+              HasSubstr("whose value is not of type '"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Explain(m, SampleAnyType(2)), "whose value 2 doesn't match");
+}
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+TEST(PointeeTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pointee(Eq(3)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pointee(Eq(2))));
+}
+
+TEST(NotTest, WorksOnMoveOnlyType) {
+  std::unique_ptr<int> p(new int(3));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Pointee(Eq(3)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(p, Not(Pointee(Eq(2))));
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
 }  // namespace gmock_matchers_test
 }  // namespace testing
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc
index 77e15bd5..b13518aa 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-more-actions_test.cc
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ const char* Plus1(const char* s) { return s + 1; }
 
 void VoidUnary(int /* n */) { g_done = true; }
 
-bool ByConstRef(const string& s) { return s == "Hi"; }
+bool ByConstRef(const std::string& s) { return s == "Hi"; }
 
 const double g_double = 0;
 bool ReferencesGlobalDouble(const double& x) { return &x == &g_double; }
 
-string ByNonConstRef(string& s) { return s += "+"; }  // NOLINT
+std::string ByNonConstRef(std::string& s) { return s += "+"; }  // NOLINT
 
 struct UnaryFunctor {
   int operator()(bool x) { return x ? 1 : -1; }
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ int SumOfFirst2(int a, int b, Unused, Unused) { return a + b; }
 
 void VoidFunctionWithFourArguments(char, int, float, double) { g_done = true; }
 
-string Concat4(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4;
+std::string Concat4(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4;
 }
 
 int SumOf5(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e) { return a + b + c + d + e; }
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ struct SumOf5Functor {
   }
 };
 
-string Concat5(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5;
+std::string Concat5(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5;
 }
 
 int SumOf6(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f) {
@@ -147,34 +147,34 @@ struct SumOf6Functor {
   }
 };
 
-string Concat6(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6;
+std::string Concat6(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6;
 }
 
-string Concat7(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-               const char* s7) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7;
+std::string Concat7(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                    const char* s7) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7;
 }
 
-string Concat8(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-               const char* s7, const char* s8) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8;
+std::string Concat8(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                    const char* s7, const char* s8) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8;
 }
 
-string Concat9(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-               const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-               const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9;
+std::string Concat9(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                    const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                    const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9;
 }
 
-string Concat10(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-                const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9,
-                const char* s10) {
-  return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9 + s10;
+std::string Concat10(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                     const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                     const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9,
+                     const char* s10) {
+  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9 + s10;
 }
 
 class Foo {
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Foo {
 
   short Unary(long x) { return static_cast<short>(value_ + x); }  // NOLINT
 
-  string Binary(const string& str, char c) const { return str + c; }
+  std::string Binary(const std::string& str, char c) const { return str + c; }
 
   int Ternary(int x, bool y, char z) { return value_ + x + y*z; }
 
@@ -201,29 +201,29 @@ class Foo {
     return a + b + c + d + e + f;
   }
 
-  string Concat7(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                 const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-                 const char* s7) {
-    return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7;
+  std::string Concat7(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                      const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                      const char* s7) {
+    return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7;
   }
 
-  string Concat8(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                 const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-                 const char* s7, const char* s8) {
-    return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8;
+  std::string Concat8(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                      const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                      const char* s7, const char* s8) {
+    return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8;
   }
 
-  string Concat9(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                 const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-                 const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9) {
-    return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9;
+  std::string Concat9(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                      const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                      const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9) {
+    return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9;
   }
 
-  string Concat10(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                  const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
-                  const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9,
-                  const char* s10) {
-    return string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9 + s10;
+  std::string Concat10(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
+                       const char* s4, const char* s5, const char* s6,
+                       const char* s7, const char* s8, const char* s9,
+                       const char* s10) {
+    return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5 + s6 + s7 + s8 + s9 + s10;
   }
 
  private:
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ inline const char* CharPtr(const char* s) { return s; }
 
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 7-argument function.
 TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes7Arguments) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      Invoke(Concat7);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(Concat7);
   EXPECT_EQ("1234567",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -291,9 +291,9 @@ TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes7Arguments) {
 
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 8-argument function.
 TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes8Arguments) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      Invoke(Concat8);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(Concat8);
   EXPECT_EQ("12345678",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -302,9 +302,10 @@ TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes8Arguments) {
 
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 9-argument function.
 TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes9Arguments) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*)> a = Invoke(Concat9);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(Concat9);
   EXPECT_EQ("123456789",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -313,9 +314,10 @@ TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes9Arguments) {
 
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 10-argument function.
 TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes10Arguments) {
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*)> a = Invoke(Concat10);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(Concat10);
   EXPECT_EQ("1234567890",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -325,11 +327,10 @@ TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionThatTakes10Arguments) {
 
 // Tests using Invoke() with functions with parameters declared as Unused.
 TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionWithUnusedParameters) {
-  Action<int(int, int, double, const string&)> a1 =
-      Invoke(SumOfFirst2);
-  string s("hi");
-  EXPECT_EQ(12, a1.Perform(
-    tuple<int, int, double, const string&>(10, 2, 5.6, s)));
+  Action<int(int, int, double, const std::string&)> a1 = Invoke(SumOfFirst2);
+  tuple<int, int, double, std::string> dummy =
+      make_tuple(10, 2, 5.6, std::string("hi"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(12, a1.Perform(dummy));
 
   Action<int(int, int, bool, int*)> a2 =
       Invoke(SumOfFirst2);
@@ -339,8 +340,7 @@ TEST(InvokeTest, FunctionWithUnusedParameters) {
 // Tests using Invoke() with methods with parameters declared as Unused.
 TEST(InvokeTest, MethodWithUnusedParameters) {
   Foo foo;
-  Action<int(string, bool, int, int)> a1 =
-      Invoke(&foo, &Foo::SumOfLast2);
+  Action<int(std::string, bool, int, int)> a1 = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::SumOfLast2);
   EXPECT_EQ(12, a1.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("hi"), true, 10, 2)));
 
   Action<int(char, double, int, int)> a2 =
@@ -379,10 +379,10 @@ TEST(InvokeMethodTest, Unary) {
 // Tests using Invoke() with a binary method.
 TEST(InvokeMethodTest, Binary) {
   Foo foo;
-  Action<string(const string&, char)> a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Binary);
-  string s("Hell");
-  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", a.Perform(
-      tuple<const string&, char>(s, 'o')));
+  Action<std::string(const std::string&, char)> a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Binary);
+  std::string s("Hell");
+  tuple<std::string, char> dummy = make_tuple(s, 'o');
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello", a.Perform(dummy));
 }
 
 // Tests using Invoke() with a ternary method.
@@ -417,9 +417,9 @@ TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes6Arguments) {
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 7-argument method.
 TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes7Arguments) {
   Foo foo;
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat7);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat7);
   EXPECT_EQ("1234567",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -429,9 +429,9 @@ TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes7Arguments) {
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 8-argument method.
 TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes8Arguments) {
   Foo foo;
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat8);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat8);
   EXPECT_EQ("12345678",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -441,9 +441,10 @@ TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes8Arguments) {
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 9-argument method.
 TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes9Arguments) {
   Foo foo;
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*)> a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat9);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat9);
   EXPECT_EQ("123456789",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -453,9 +454,10 @@ TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes9Arguments) {
 // Tests using Invoke() with a 10-argument method.
 TEST(InvokeMethodTest, MethodThatTakes10Arguments) {
   Foo foo;
-  Action<string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                const char*, const char*)> a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat10);
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
+                     const char*, const char*)>
+      a = Invoke(&foo, &Foo::Concat10);
   EXPECT_EQ("1234567890",
             a.Perform(make_tuple(CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"),
                                  CharPtr("4"), CharPtr("5"), CharPtr("6"),
@@ -495,8 +497,8 @@ TEST(ReturnArgActionTest, WorksForMultiArgBoolArg0) {
 }
 
 TEST(ReturnArgActionTest, WorksForMultiArgStringArg2) {
-  const Action<string(int, int, string, int)> a = ReturnArg<2>();
-  EXPECT_EQ("seven", a.Perform(make_tuple(5, 6, string("seven"), 8)));
+  const Action<std::string(int, int, std::string, int)> a = ReturnArg<2>();
+  EXPECT_EQ("seven", a.Perform(make_tuple(5, 6, std::string("seven"), 8)));
 }
 
 TEST(SaveArgActionTest, WorksForSameType) {
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc
index d0adcbbe..c4194946 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@
 #include "gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h"
 
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 // This must not be defined inside the ::testing namespace, or it will
 // clash with ::testing::Mock.
@@ -51,7 +52,6 @@ class Mock {
 namespace testing {
 namespace gmock_nice_strict_test {
 
-using testing::internal::string;
 using testing::GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
 using testing::HasSubstr;
 using testing::NaggyMock;
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ using testing::internal::CaptureStdout;
 using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;
 #endif
 
+// Class without default constructor.
+class NotDefaultConstructible {
+ public:
+  explicit NotDefaultConstructible(int) {}
+};
+
 // Defines some mock classes needed by the tests.
 
 class Foo {
@@ -80,6 +86,7 @@ class MockFoo : public Foo {
 
   MOCK_METHOD0(DoThis, void());
   MOCK_METHOD1(DoThat, int(bool flag));
+  MOCK_METHOD0(ReturnNonDefaultConstructible, NotDefaultConstructible());
 
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockFoo);
@@ -87,32 +94,50 @@ class MockFoo : public Foo {
 
 class MockBar {
  public:
-  explicit MockBar(const string& s) : str_(s) {}
+  explicit MockBar(const std::string& s) : str_(s) {}
 
-  MockBar(char a1, char a2, string a3, string a4, int a5, int a6,
-          const string& a7, const string& a8, bool a9, bool a10) {
-    str_ = string() + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + static_cast<char>(a5) +
+  MockBar(char a1, char a2, std::string a3, std::string a4, int a5, int a6,
+          const std::string& a7, const std::string& a8, bool a9, bool a10) {
+    str_ = std::string() + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + static_cast<char>(a5) +
         static_cast<char>(a6) + a7 + a8 + (a9 ? 'T' : 'F') + (a10 ? 'T' : 'F');
   }
 
   virtual ~MockBar() {}
 
-  const string& str() const { return str_; }
+  const std::string& str() const { return str_; }
 
   MOCK_METHOD0(This, int());
-  MOCK_METHOD2(That, string(int, bool));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(That, std::string(int, bool));
 
  private:
-  string str_;
+  std::string str_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockBar);
 };
 
+#if GTEST_GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+class MockBaz {
+ public:
+  class MoveOnly {
+    MoveOnly() = default;
+
+    MoveOnly(const MoveOnly&) = delete;
+    operator=(const MoveOnly&) = delete;
+
+    MoveOnly(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+    operator=(MoveOnly&&) = default;
+  };
+
+  MockBaz(MoveOnly) {}
+}
+#endif  // GTEST_GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Tests that a raw mock generates warnings for uninteresting calls.
 TEST(RawMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCall) {
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = "warning";
 
   MockFoo raw_foo;
@@ -129,7 +154,7 @@ TEST(RawMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCall) {
 // Tests that a raw mock generates warnings for uninteresting calls
 // that delete the mock object.
 TEST(RawMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCallAfterDeath) {
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = "warning";
 
   MockFoo* const raw_foo = new MockFoo;
@@ -150,7 +175,7 @@ TEST(RawMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCallAfterDeath) {
 TEST(RawMockTest, InfoForUninterestingCall) {
   MockFoo raw_foo;
 
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = "info";
   CaptureStdout();
   raw_foo.DoThis();
@@ -188,7 +213,7 @@ TEST(NiceMockTest, NoWarningForUninterestingCallAfterDeath) {
 TEST(NiceMockTest, InfoForUninterestingCall) {
   NiceMock<MockFoo> nice_foo;
 
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = "info";
   CaptureStdout();
   nice_foo.DoThis();
@@ -208,6 +233,23 @@ TEST(NiceMockTest, AllowsExpectedCall) {
   nice_foo.DoThis();
 }
 
+// Tests that an unexpected call on a nice mock which returns a
+// not-default-constructible type throws an exception and the exception contains
+// the method's name.
+TEST(NiceMockTest, ThrowsExceptionForUnknownReturnTypes) {
+  NiceMock<MockFoo> nice_foo;
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  try {
+    nice_foo.ReturnNonDefaultConstructible();
+    FAIL();
+  } catch (const std::runtime_error& ex) {
+    EXPECT_THAT(ex.what(), HasSubstr("ReturnNonDefaultConstructible"));
+  }
+#else
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({ nice_foo.ReturnNonDefaultConstructible(); }, "");
+#endif
+}
+
 // Tests that an unexpected call on a nice mock fails.
 TEST(NiceMockTest, UnexpectedCallFails) {
   NiceMock<MockFoo> nice_foo;
@@ -237,6 +279,21 @@ TEST(NiceMockTest, NonDefaultConstructor10) {
   nice_bar.That(5, true);
 }
 
+TEST(NiceMockTest, AllowLeak) {
+  NiceMock<MockFoo>* leaked = new NiceMock<MockFoo>;
+  Mock::AllowLeak(leaked);
+  EXPECT_CALL(*leaked, DoThis());
+  leaked->DoThis();
+}
+
+#if GTEST_GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
+TEST(NiceMockTest, MoveOnlyConstructor) {
+  NiceMock<MockBaz> nice_baz(MockBaz::MoveOnly());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Tests that NiceMock<Mock> compiles where Mock is a user-defined
 // class (as opposed to ::testing::Mock).  We had to work around an
@@ -257,7 +314,7 @@ TEST(NiceMockTest, AcceptsClassNamedMock) {
 
 // Tests that a naggy mock generates warnings for uninteresting calls.
 TEST(NaggyMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCall) {
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = "warning";
 
   NaggyMock<MockFoo> naggy_foo;
@@ -274,7 +331,7 @@ TEST(NaggyMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCall) {
 // Tests that a naggy mock generates a warning for an uninteresting call
 // that deletes the mock object.
 TEST(NaggyMockTest, WarningForUninterestingCallAfterDeath) {
-  const string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
+  const std::string saved_flag = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
   GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = "warning";
 
   NaggyMock<MockFoo>* const naggy_foo = new NaggyMock<MockFoo>;
@@ -330,6 +387,21 @@ TEST(NaggyMockTest, NonDefaultConstructor10) {
   naggy_bar.That(5, true);
 }
 
+TEST(NaggyMockTest, AllowLeak) {
+  NaggyMock<MockFoo>* leaked = new NaggyMock<MockFoo>;
+  Mock::AllowLeak(leaked);
+  EXPECT_CALL(*leaked, DoThis());
+  leaked->DoThis();
+}
+
+#if GTEST_GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
+TEST(NaggyMockTest, MoveOnlyConstructor) {
+  NaggyMock<MockBaz> naggy_baz(MockBaz::MoveOnly());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Tests that NaggyMock<Mock> compiles where Mock is a user-defined
 // class (as opposed to ::testing::Mock).  We had to work around an
@@ -404,6 +476,21 @@ TEST(StrictMockTest, NonDefaultConstructor10) {
                           "Uninteresting mock function call");
 }
 
+TEST(StrictMockTest, AllowLeak) {
+  StrictMock<MockFoo>* leaked = new StrictMock<MockFoo>;
+  Mock::AllowLeak(leaked);
+  EXPECT_CALL(*leaked, DoThis());
+  leaked->DoThis();
+}
+
+#if GTEST_GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
+TEST(StrictMockTest, MoveOnlyConstructor) {
+  StrictMock<MockBaz> strict_baz(MockBaz::MoveOnly());
+}
+
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Tests that StrictMock<Mock> compiles where Mock is a user-defined
 // class (as opposed to ::testing::Mock).  We had to work around an
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
index 59ea87c8..715aac8c 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
@@ -89,15 +89,18 @@ using testing::Mock;
 using testing::NaggyMock;
 using testing::Ne;
 using testing::Return;
+using testing::SaveArg;
 using testing::Sequence;
 using testing::SetArgPointee;
 using testing::internal::ExpectationTester;
 using testing::internal::FormatFileLocation;
+using testing::internal::kAllow;
 using testing::internal::kErrorVerbosity;
+using testing::internal::kFail;
 using testing::internal::kInfoVerbosity;
+using testing::internal::kWarn;
 using testing::internal::kWarningVerbosity;
 using testing::internal::linked_ptr;
-using testing::internal::string;
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 using testing::HasSubstr;
@@ -692,6 +695,60 @@ TEST(ExpectCallSyntaxTest, WarnsOnTooFewActions) {
   b.DoB();
 }
 
+TEST(ExpectCallSyntaxTest, WarningIsErrorWithFlag) {
+  int original_behavior = testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior);
+
+  testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = kAllow;
+  CaptureStdout();
+  {
+    MockA a;
+    a.DoA(0);
+  }
+  std::string output = GetCapturedStdout();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(output.empty()) << output;
+
+  testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = kWarn;
+  CaptureStdout();
+  {
+    MockA a;
+    a.DoA(0);
+  }
+  std::string warning_output = GetCapturedStdout();
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "GMOCK WARNING", warning_output);
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "Uninteresting mock function call",
+                      warning_output);
+
+  testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = kFail;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({
+    MockA a;
+    a.DoA(0);
+  }, "Uninteresting mock function call");
+
+  // Out of bounds values are converted to kWarn
+  testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = -1;
+  CaptureStdout();
+  {
+    MockA a;
+    a.DoA(0);
+  }
+  warning_output = GetCapturedStdout();
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "GMOCK WARNING", warning_output);
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "Uninteresting mock function call",
+                      warning_output);
+  testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = 3;
+  CaptureStdout();
+  {
+    MockA a;
+    a.DoA(0);
+  }
+  warning_output = GetCapturedStdout();
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "GMOCK WARNING", warning_output);
+  EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(IsSubstring, "Uninteresting mock function call",
+                      warning_output);
+
+  testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = original_behavior;
+}
+
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 
 // Tests the semantics of ON_CALL().
@@ -1954,7 +2011,7 @@ class MockC {
  public:
   MockC() {}
 
-  MOCK_METHOD6(VoidMethod, void(bool cond, int n, string s, void* p,
+  MOCK_METHOD6(VoidMethod, void(bool cond, int n, std::string s, void* p,
                                 const Printable& x, Unprintable y));
   MOCK_METHOD0(NonVoidMethod, int());  // NOLINT
 
@@ -1970,7 +2027,7 @@ class VerboseFlagPreservingFixture : public testing::Test {
   ~VerboseFlagPreservingFixture() { GMOCK_FLAG(verbose) = saved_verbose_flag_; }
 
  private:
-  const string saved_verbose_flag_;
+  const std::string saved_verbose_flag_;
 
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(VerboseFlagPreservingFixture);
 };
@@ -2062,8 +2119,8 @@ class GMockVerboseFlagTest : public VerboseFlagPreservingFixture {
   // contain the given function name in the stack trace.  When it's
   // false, the output should be empty.)
   void VerifyOutput(const std::string& output, bool should_print,
-                    const string& expected_substring,
-                    const string& function_name) {
+                    const std::string& expected_substring,
+                    const std::string& function_name) {
     if (should_print) {
       EXPECT_THAT(output.c_str(), HasSubstr(expected_substring));
 # ifndef NDEBUG
@@ -2113,11 +2170,13 @@ class GMockVerboseFlagTest : public VerboseFlagPreservingFixture {
   // Tests how the flag affects uninteresting calls on a naggy mock.
   void TestUninterestingCallOnNaggyMock(bool should_print) {
     NaggyMock<MockA> a;
-    const string note =
+    const std::string note =
         "NOTE: You can safely ignore the above warning unless this "
         "call should not happen.  Do not suppress it by blindly adding "
         "an EXPECT_CALL() if you don't mean to enforce the call.  "
-        "See https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#"
+        "See "
+        "https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/"
+        "CookBook.md#"
         "knowing-when-to-expect for details.";
 
     // A void-returning function.
@@ -2623,9 +2682,78 @@ TEST(SynchronizationTest, CanCallMockMethodInAction) {
   // EXPECT_CALL() did not specify an action.
 }
 
+TEST(ParameterlessExpectationsTest, CanSetExpectationsWithoutMatchers) {
+  MockA a;
+  int do_a_arg0 = 0;
+  ON_CALL(a, DoA).WillByDefault(SaveArg<0>(&do_a_arg0));
+  int do_a_47_arg0 = 0;
+  ON_CALL(a, DoA(47)).WillByDefault(SaveArg<0>(&do_a_47_arg0));
+
+  a.DoA(17);
+  EXPECT_THAT(do_a_arg0, 17);
+  EXPECT_THAT(do_a_47_arg0, 0);
+  a.DoA(47);
+  EXPECT_THAT(do_a_arg0, 17);
+  EXPECT_THAT(do_a_47_arg0, 47);
+
+  ON_CALL(a, Binary).WillByDefault(Return(true));
+  ON_CALL(a, Binary(_, 14)).WillByDefault(Return(false));
+  EXPECT_THAT(a.Binary(14, 17), true);
+  EXPECT_THAT(a.Binary(17, 14), false);
+}
+
+TEST(ParameterlessExpectationsTest, CanSetExpectationsForOverloadedMethods) {
+  MockB b;
+  ON_CALL(b, DoB()).WillByDefault(Return(9));
+  ON_CALL(b, DoB(5)).WillByDefault(Return(11));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(b.DoB(), 9);
+  EXPECT_THAT(b.DoB(1), 0);  // default value
+  EXPECT_THAT(b.DoB(5), 11);
+}
+
+struct MockWithConstMethods {
+ public:
+  MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(Foo, int(int));
+  MOCK_CONST_METHOD2(Bar, int(int, const char*));
+};
+
+TEST(ParameterlessExpectationsTest, CanSetExpectationsForConstMethods) {
+  MockWithConstMethods mock;
+  ON_CALL(mock, Foo).WillByDefault(Return(7));
+  ON_CALL(mock, Bar).WillByDefault(Return(33));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mock.Foo(17), 7);
+  EXPECT_THAT(mock.Bar(27, "purple"), 33);
+}
+
+class MockConstOverload {
+ public:
+  MOCK_METHOD1(Overloaded, int(int));
+  MOCK_CONST_METHOD1(Overloaded, int(int));
+};
+
+TEST(ParameterlessExpectationsTest,
+     CanSetExpectationsForConstOverloadedMethods) {
+  MockConstOverload mock;
+  ON_CALL(mock, Overloaded(_)).WillByDefault(Return(7));
+  ON_CALL(mock, Overloaded(5)).WillByDefault(Return(9));
+  ON_CALL(Const(mock), Overloaded(5)).WillByDefault(Return(11));
+  ON_CALL(Const(mock), Overloaded(7)).WillByDefault(Return(13));
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(mock.Overloaded(1), 7);
+  EXPECT_THAT(mock.Overloaded(5), 9);
+  EXPECT_THAT(mock.Overloaded(7), 7);
+
+  const MockConstOverload& const_mock = mock;
+  EXPECT_THAT(const_mock.Overloaded(1), 0);
+  EXPECT_THAT(const_mock.Overloaded(5), 11);
+  EXPECT_THAT(const_mock.Overloaded(7), 13);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
-// Allows the user to define his own main and then invoke gmock_main
+// Allows the user to define their own main and then invoke gmock_main
 // from it. This might be necessary on some platforms which require
 // specific setup and teardown.
 #if GMOCK_RENAME_MAIN
@@ -2634,7 +2762,6 @@ int gmock_main(int argc, char **argv) {
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 #endif  // GMOCK_RENAME_MAIN
   testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
-
   // Ensures that the tests pass no matter what value of
   // --gmock_catch_leaked_mocks and --gmock_verbose the user specifies.
   testing::GMOCK_FLAG(catch_leaked_mocks) = true;
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_ex_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_ex_test.cc
index 3afed86a..b03de82e 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_ex_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_ex_test.cc
@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
 namespace {
 
 using testing::HasSubstr;
+
 using testing::internal::GoogleTestFailureException;
 
 // A type that cannot be default constructed.
@@ -52,8 +54,6 @@ class MockFoo {
   MOCK_METHOD0(GetNonDefaultConstructible, NonDefaultConstructible());
 };
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
-
 TEST(DefaultValueTest, ThrowsRuntimeErrorWhenNoDefaultValue) {
   MockFoo mock;
   try {
@@ -76,6 +76,6 @@ TEST(DefaultValueTest, ThrowsRuntimeErrorWhenNoDefaultValue) {
   }
 }
 
-#endif
 
 }  // unnamed namespace
+#endif
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py b/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py
index 997680ce..a2fee4b6 100755
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_leak_test.py
@@ -33,10 +33,8 @@
 
 __author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
 
-
 import gmock_test_utils
 
-
 PROGRAM_PATH = gmock_test_utils.GetTestExecutablePath('gmock_leak_test_')
 TEST_WITH_EXPECT_CALL = [PROGRAM_PATH, '--gtest_filter=*ExpectCall*']
 TEST_WITH_ON_CALL = [PROGRAM_PATH, '--gtest_filter=*OnCall*']
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_link2_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_link2_test.cc
index 4c310c3d..2b48395c 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_link2_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_link2_test.cc
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@
 
 #define LinkTest LinkTest2
 
-#include  "test/gmock_link_test.h"
+#include "test/gmock_link_test.h"
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.cc
index 61e97d10..ef041be9 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.cc
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@
 
 #define LinkTest LinkTest1
 
-#include  "test/gmock_link_test.h"
+#include "test/gmock_link_test.h"
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
index 1f55f5bd..06a1cf89 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_link_test.h
@@ -90,8 +90,10 @@
 //      Field
 //      Property
 //      ResultOf(function)
+//      ResultOf(callback)
 //      Pointee
 //      Truly(predicate)
+//      AddressSatisfies
 //      AllOf
 //      AnyOf
 //      Not
@@ -120,13 +122,15 @@
 # include <errno.h>
 #endif
 
-#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
 using testing::_;
 using testing::A;
+using testing::Action;
 using testing::AllOf;
 using testing::AnyOf;
 using testing::Assign;
@@ -148,6 +152,8 @@ using testing::Invoke;
 using testing::InvokeArgument;
 using testing::InvokeWithoutArgs;
 using testing::IsNull;
+using testing::IsSubsetOf;
+using testing::IsSupersetOf;
 using testing::Le;
 using testing::Lt;
 using testing::Matcher;
@@ -592,6 +598,22 @@ TEST(LinkTest, TestMatcherElementsAreArray) {
   ON_CALL(mock, VoidFromVector(ElementsAreArray(arr))).WillByDefault(Return());
 }
 
+// Tests the linkage of the IsSubsetOf matcher.
+TEST(LinkTest, TestMatcherIsSubsetOf) {
+  Mock mock;
+  char arr[] = {'a', 'b'};
+
+  ON_CALL(mock, VoidFromVector(IsSubsetOf(arr))).WillByDefault(Return());
+}
+
+// Tests the linkage of the IsSupersetOf matcher.
+TEST(LinkTest, TestMatcherIsSupersetOf) {
+  Mock mock;
+  char arr[] = {'a', 'b'};
+
+  ON_CALL(mock, VoidFromVector(IsSupersetOf(arr))).WillByDefault(Return());
+}
+
 // Tests the linkage of the ContainerEq matcher.
 TEST(LinkTest, TestMatcherContainerEq) {
   Mock mock;
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py
index eced8a81..8f57d46c 100755
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test.py
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
 
 """Tests the text output of Google C++ Mocking Framework.
 
-SYNOPSIS
-       gmock_output_test.py --build_dir=BUILD/DIR --gengolden
-         # where BUILD/DIR contains the built gmock_output_test_ file.
-       gmock_output_test.py --gengolden
-       gmock_output_test.py
+To update the golden file:
+gmock_output_test.py --build_dir=BUILD/DIR --gengolden
+# where BUILD/DIR contains the built gmock_output_test_ file.
+gmock_output_test.py --gengolden
+gmock_output_test.py
 """
 
 __author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ __author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
 import os
 import re
 import sys
-
 import gmock_test_utils
 
 
@@ -176,5 +175,8 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     golden_file = open(GOLDEN_PATH, 'wb')
     golden_file.write(output)
     golden_file.close()
+    # Suppress the error "googletest was imported but a call to its main()
+    # was never detected."
+    os._exit(0)
   else:
     gmock_test_utils.Main()
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
index 44cba342..1b59eb3f 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_.cc
@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
+// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter)
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(push)
+# pragma warning(disable:4100)
+#endif
+
 using testing::_;
 using testing::AnyNumber;
 using testing::Ge;
@@ -47,6 +53,7 @@ using testing::NaggyMock;
 using testing::Ref;
 using testing::Return;
 using testing::Sequence;
+using testing::Value;
 
 class MockFoo {
  public:
@@ -268,6 +275,15 @@ TEST_F(GMockOutputTest, CatchesLeakedMocks) {
   // Both foo1 and foo2 are deliberately leaked.
 }
 
+MATCHER_P2(IsPair, first, second, "") {
+  return Value(arg.first, first) && Value(arg.second, second);
+}
+
+TEST_F(GMockOutputTest, PrintsMatcher) {
+  const testing::Matcher<int> m1 = Ge(48);
+  EXPECT_THAT((std::pair<int, bool>(42, true)), IsPair(m1, true));
+}
+
 void TestCatchesLeakedMocksInAdHocTests() {
   MockFoo* foo = new MockFoo;
 
@@ -280,7 +296,6 @@ void TestCatchesLeakedMocksInAdHocTests() {
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
-
   // Ensures that the tests pass no matter what value of
   // --gmock_catch_leaked_mocks and --gmock_verbose the user specifies.
   testing::GMOCK_FLAG(catch_leaked_mocks) = true;
@@ -289,3 +304,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   TestCatchesLeakedMocksInAdHocTests();
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt
index 689d5eeb..dbcb2118 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_output_test_golden.txt
@@ -288,6 +288,12 @@ Stack trace:
 [       OK ] GMockOutputTest.ExplicitActionsRunOutWithDefaultAction
 [ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks
 [       OK ] GMockOutputTest.CatchesLeakedMocks
+[ RUN      ] GMockOutputTest.PrintsMatcher
+FILE:#: Failure
+Value of: (std::pair<int, bool>(42, true))
+Expected: is pair (is >= 48, true)
+  Actual: (42, true) (of type std::pair<int, bool>)
+[  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.PrintsMatcher
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCall
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallToVoidFunction
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCall
@@ -302,9 +308,10 @@ Stack trace:
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.MismatchArgumentsAndWith
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.UnexpectedCallWithDefaultAction
 [  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.ExcessiveCallWithDefaultAction
+[  FAILED  ] GMockOutputTest.PrintsMatcher
 
 
 FILE:#: ERROR: this mock object should be deleted but never is. Its address is @0x#.
 FILE:#: ERROR: this mock object should be deleted but never is. Its address is @0x#.
 FILE:#: ERROR: this mock object should be deleted but never is. Its address is @0x#.
-ERROR: 3 leaked mock objects found at program exit.
+ERROR: 3 leaked mock objects found at program exit. Expectations on a mock object is verified when the object is destructed. Leaking a mock means that its expectations aren't verified, which is usually a test bug. If you really intend to leak a mock, you can suppress this error using testing::Mock::AllowLeak(mock_object), or you may use a fake or stub instead of a mock.
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_stress_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_stress_test.cc
index 0e97aeed..e4e61f0f 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_stress_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_stress_test.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 namespace testing {
 namespace {
 
-// From <gtest/internal/gtest-port.h>.
+// From gtest-port.h.
 using ::testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
 
 // The maximum number of test threads (not including helper threads)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const int kRepeat = 50;
 class MockFoo {
  public:
   MOCK_METHOD1(Bar, int(int n));  // NOLINT
-  MOCK_METHOD2(Baz, char(const char* s1, const internal::string& s2));  // NOLINT
+  MOCK_METHOD2(Baz, char(const char* s1, const std::string& s2));  // NOLINT
 };
 
 // Helper for waiting for the given thread to finish and then deleting it.
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock_test.cc
index d8d0c57b..70075679 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_test.cc
@@ -37,9 +37,11 @@
 
 #include <string>
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 
 #if !defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_FUNCTION_)
 
+using testing::GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior);
 using testing::GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
 using testing::InitGoogleMock;
 
@@ -50,9 +52,9 @@ void TestInitGoogleMock(const Char* (&argv)[M], const Char* (&new_argv)[N],
                         const ::std::string& expected_gmock_verbose) {
   const ::std::string old_verbose = GMOCK_FLAG(verbose);
 
-  int argc = M;
+  int argc = M - 1;
   InitGoogleMock(&argc, const_cast<Char**>(argv));
-  ASSERT_EQ(N, argc) << "The new argv has wrong number of elements.";
+  ASSERT_EQ(N - 1, argc) << "The new argv has wrong number of elements.";
 
   for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
     EXPECT_STREQ(new_argv[i], argv[i]);
@@ -103,6 +105,26 @@ TEST(InitGoogleMockTest, ParsesSingleFlag) {
   TestInitGoogleMock(argv, new_argv, "info");
 }
 
+TEST(InitGoogleMockTest, ParsesMultipleFlags) {
+  int old_default_behavior = GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior);
+  const wchar_t* argv[] = {
+    L"foo.exe",
+    L"--gmock_verbose=info",
+    L"--gmock_default_mock_behavior=2",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const wchar_t* new_argv[] = {
+    L"foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  TestInitGoogleMock(argv, new_argv, "info");
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior));
+  EXPECT_NE(2, old_default_behavior);
+  GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = old_default_behavior;
+}
+
 TEST(InitGoogleMockTest, ParsesUnrecognizedFlag) {
   const char* argv[] = {
     "foo.exe",
@@ -177,6 +199,26 @@ TEST(WideInitGoogleMockTest, ParsesSingleFlag) {
   TestInitGoogleMock(argv, new_argv, "info");
 }
 
+TEST(WideInitGoogleMockTest, ParsesMultipleFlags) {
+  int old_default_behavior = GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior);
+  const wchar_t* argv[] = {
+    L"foo.exe",
+    L"--gmock_verbose=info",
+    L"--gmock_default_mock_behavior=2",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  const wchar_t* new_argv[] = {
+    L"foo.exe",
+    NULL
+  };
+
+  TestInitGoogleMock(argv, new_argv, "info");
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior));
+  EXPECT_NE(2, old_default_behavior);
+  GMOCK_FLAG(default_mock_behavior) = old_default_behavior;
+}
+
 TEST(WideInitGoogleMockTest, ParsesUnrecognizedFlag) {
   const wchar_t* argv[] = {
     L"foo.exe",
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py b/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py
index 20e3d3d4..92b1ac14 100755
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock_test_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-#
 # Copyright 2006, Google Inc.
 # All rights reserved.
 #
@@ -36,19 +34,19 @@ __author__ = 'wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)'
 import os
 import sys
 
-
 # Determines path to gtest_test_utils and imports it.
 SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__) or '.'
 
 # isdir resolves symbolic links.
-gtest_tests_util_dir = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, '../gtest/test')
+gtest_tests_util_dir = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, '../../googletest/test')
 if os.path.isdir(gtest_tests_util_dir):
   GTEST_TESTS_UTIL_DIR = gtest_tests_util_dir
 else:
-  GTEST_TESTS_UTIL_DIR = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, '../../gtest/test')
-
+  GTEST_TESTS_UTIL_DIR = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, '../../googletest/test')
 sys.path.append(GTEST_TESTS_UTIL_DIR)
-import gtest_test_utils  # pylint: disable-msg=C6204
+
+# pylint: disable=C6204
+import gtest_test_utils
 
 
 def GetSourceDir():