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diff --git a/DOCS/vt102-ug/chapter5.html b/DOCS/vt102-ug/chapter5.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea937b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/DOCS/vt102-ug/chapter5.html @@ -0,0 +1,1148 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>VT100.net: Digital VT102 User Guide</TITLE> +<LINK HREF="vt102-ug.css" TYPE="text/css" REL="stylesheet"> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<DIV CLASS="navbar"><A HREF="http://vt100.net/"><IMG CLASS="button" SRC="vt100.net-logo.png" ALT="VT100.net" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="102"></A> VT102 User Guide<TABLE WIDTH="100%"> +<COL SPAN="3" WIDTH="33%"> +<TBODY> +<TR> +<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="chapter4.html">Chapter 4</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="contents.html">Contents</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A></TD> +</TR> +</TBODY> +</TABLE> +<HR></DIV> +<H1 ID="S5"><SPAN CLASS="chapnum">5</SPAN> Received Character Processing</H1> +<H2 ID="S5.1">General</H2> +<P>This chapter describes how the VT102 processes received characters. +There are two types of received characters, display characters and control +functions. The chapter covers all display characters and control functions +used by the terminal.</P> +<H2 ID="S5.2">Received Characters</H2> +<P>The terminal processes characters according to American National +Standards Institute (ANSI) standards X3.64-1979, X3.4-1977, and X3.41-1974. +ANSI standard X3.4 defines the American Standard Code for Information +Interchange (ASCII). <A HREF="table5-1.html">Table 5-1</A> shows each ASCII character with its +binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal values. ASCII corresponds to the +International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 646 and International +Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) Alphabet +5.</P> +<P>The terminal processes a received character based on character types +defined by ANSI. Position in the ASCII table tells you whether a character +is a control function or display character. The ASCII table is 8 columns +wide and 16 rows long. The control functions are in columns 0 and 1. The +display characters are in columns 2 through 7. However, the terminal +uses space (SP) as either an information separator control function or +display character. Delete (DEL) is always a control function.</P> +<H2 ID="S5.3">Display Characters</H2> +<P>Display characters are received characters displayed on the screen. The +actual character displayed depends on the character set selected. You +select the character set by using control functions. See <A HREF="#S5.5.2.16">Character Sets +and Selection</A> in this chapter for more information.</P> +<H2 ID="S5.4">Control Characters</H2> +<P>These single-character control functions start, modify, or stop terminal +operations; the control functions are not displayed. <A HREF="table5-2.html">Table 5-2</A> defines the +control characters recognized by the terminal. All other control characters +are ignored.</P> +<P>Each control character in this chapter has a mnemonic, listed in <A HREF="table5-2.html">Table 5-2</A>. +The mnemonic is an abbreviation of the control character name.</P> +<H2 ID="S5.5">Escape and Control Sequences</H2> +<P>Escape and control sequences provide additional control functions not +provided by the single-character controls of the character set. These multiple-character +sequences are not displayed; instead, they control terminal +operation. Escape and control sequences are defined by ANSI X3.41-1977 +and X3.64-1979. See <A HREF="appendixd.html">Appendix D</A> for more information about sequences +and sequence formats.</P> +<P>The terminal provides upward and downward software compatibility. It can +respond to control functions created to meet private DIGITAL standards +and present ANSI standards. Therefore, you can use existing software designed +for previous terminals (such as the VT52), or new software designed +for ANSI standards. However, future video terminals may not accept +private DIGITAL sequences. Therefore, all new software should use +ANSI-compatible sequences.</P> +<P>The terminal uses VT52 mode to respond to private DIGITAL sequences +like a VT52 terminal.</P> +<P>The terminal uses ANSI mode to respond to a subset of control functions +specified by ANSI. All control functions not presently specified by ANSI +are created to comply with the extensions permitted by ANSI standards. +These sequences are considered ANSI private sequences.</P> +<P>The ANSI-compatible control functions in this user guide have a mnemonic +assigned by ANSI. If the control function is an ANSI private control function +(defined by DIGITAL), the mnemonic begins with DEC. The escape +and control sequences shown here use ASCII characters. You must type +the characters in the sequences exactly as shown (upper or lowercase). +The text provides the octal equivalent of each character in the sequence +as a second reference. See <A HREF="table5-1.html">Table 5-1</A> for decimal and hexadecimal representations.</P> +<P>The following section groups sequences by software compatibility (ANSI +or VT52) and function (<A HREF="table5-3.html">Table 5-3</A>). <A HREF="appendixc.html">Appendix C</A> summarizes all control +functions.</P> +<H3 ID="S5.5.1">Error Recovery</H3> +<P>Current standards do not specify the action performed when the terminal +receives a control function with an error. Errors are incorrect parameters, +invalid control functions, or control characters embedded in control function +sequences. The terminal usually recovers from these errors by performing +as much of the function as possible. The specific error recovery +procedures are as follows.</P> +<UL> +<LI>Unrecognized control functions are usually ignored.</LI> +<LI>Unsupported control functions (valid control functions not listed in +this user guide) are usually ignored, but may produce unexpected results.</LI> +<LI>If a control character is received within a sequence, the terminal performs +the function of the control character, followed by the function +of the sequence.</LI> +<LI>If cancel (CAN, octal 030) or substitute (SUB, octal 032) is received +during a sequence, the current sequence is aborted. The terminal +displays the substitute character, followed by characters in the sequence +received after CAN or SUB.</LI> +</UL> +<H3 ID="S5.5.2">ANSI-Compatible Sequences</H3> +<P>ANSI-compatible sequences meet ANSI standards X3.64-1979 and X3.41-1974. +This section describes the ANSI control functions used by the terminal. +You can select ANSI compatibility from the keyboard in SET-UP +(<A HREF="chapter3.html">Chapter 3</A>) or have the computer use a sequence. (See <A HREF="#S5.5.3">VT52-Compatible +Sequences</A> in this chapter).</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.1">SET-UP Feature and Mode Selection</H4> +<P>SET-UP features change how the +terminal operates. You can select these features from the keyboard in +SET-UP. The computer can select some SET-UP features by using control +functions. However, features selected by the computer are stored in operating +memory. The computer cannot store feature selections in user memory. +(See <A HREF="chapter3.html">Chapter 3</A> for more information about SET-UP feature memories).</P> +<P>Some SET-UP features are modes. A mode affects terminal operation. +The terminal uses the selected mode until you or the computer change +the selection. <A HREF="table5-4.html">Table 5-4</A> lists SET-UP features and modes. The computer +changes modes by using set mode (SM) and reset mode (RM) sequences. +Set and reset the terminal modes by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Ps represents a variable parameter selected from a list of parameters. +A series of asterisks (***) represent the parameter in the octal sequence. +The parameter is transmitted using ASCII characters. When you +set several modes with a single SM or RM sequence, a semicolon (;, octal +073) separates parameters.</P> +<P><STRONG>Set Mode</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Ps ; ... ; Ps h +033 133 *** 073 073 *** 150</PRE> +<P>Sets one or more modes specified by selective parameters (Ps) in the parameter +string.</P> +<P><STRONG>Reset Mode (RM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Ps ; ... ; Ps l +033 133 *** 073 073 *** 154</PRE> +<P>Resets one or more modes specified by selective parameters (Ps) in the +parameter string.</P> +<P><A HREF="table5-5.html">Table 5-5</A> lists the ANSI-specified modes and their selective parameters +(Ps). <A HREF="table5-6.html">Table 5-6</A> lists the ANSI-compatible private modes and their selective +parameters. When you change ANSI-compatible private modes, the +first character in the parameter string is a question mark (?, octal 077). All +parameters in the sequence are interpreted as ANSI compatible private +parameters. This chapter explains each mode in detail and provides the +sequences to set and reset each mode.</P> +<P>The following example shows the use of the question mark (used with +ANSI private parameters) and semicolon (used with multiple parameters). +The sequence sets both column and scroll modes.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 3 ; 4 h +033 133 077 063 073 064 150</PRE> +<P><A HREF="table5-7.html">Table 5-7</A> describes modes specified in ANSI X3.64-1979 that are permanently +set, permanently reset, or not applicable. See the ANSI standard +for more information about these modes.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.2">ANSI/VT52 Compatibility</H4> +<P>The terminal is compatible with both ANSI +and private DIGITAL standards. Therefore, you can use new software that +meets both ANSI standards, and existing software designed for previous +terminals (such as the VT52).</P> +<P>ANSI-compatible sequences meet ANSI standards X3.64-1979 and X3.41-1974. +You select ANSI compatibility by using the ANSI/VT52 mode (DECANM) +sequence in VT52 mode. See <A HREF="#S5.5.3">VT52-Compatible Sequences</A> in this +chapter for details on selecting ANSI sequence compatibility. In ANSI +mode, the following sequence selects compatibility with private DIGITAL +sequences (VT52 mode).</P> +<P>Features and modes selected in ANSI mode are also used in VT52 mode. +However, these features and modes usually cannot change in VT52 +mode.</P> +<P><STRONG>VT52 Mode (DECANM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 2 l +033 133 077 062 154</PRE> +<P>In ANSI mode, reset selects private DIGITAL sequence compatibility. In +VT52 mode, the terminal responds like a VT52 to private DIGITAL sequences.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.3">Scrolling</H4> +<P>Scrolling is the upward or downward movement of existing +lines on the screen. This makes room for more display lines at either the +top or bottom of the scrolling region. There are two methods of scrolling, +jump scroll and smooth scroll. Select the type of scrolling by using the +following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: In full-duplex communication, the auto XON/XOFF SET-UP feature +prevents the loss of received characters when using smooth scroll. If +auto XON/XOFF is not used, fill characters are needed.</P> +<P><STRONG>Scroll Mode (DECSCLM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 4 h +033 133 077 064 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects smooth scroll. Smooth scroll lets the terminal add 6 lines per +second to screen (power feature = 60 Hz), or 5 lines per second (power +feature = 50 Hz).</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 4 l +033 133 077 064 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects jump scroll. Jump scroll lets the terminal add lines to the +screen as fast as possible.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.4">Scrolling Region</H4> +<P>This region is the area of the screen between the top +and bottom margins. The margins determine which screen lines move during +scrolling. Characters added outside the scrolling region do not cause +the screen to scroll. The minimum size of the scrolling region is two lines. +Therefore, the line number of the top margin must be less than the number +of the bottom margin. The origin mode selects line numbers.</P> +<P>After the margins are selected, the cursor moves to the home position. +The origin mode feature also selects the home position. Select the top +and bottom margins of the scrolling region by using the following sequence.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTES: When you power up or use the Reset command, the scrolling +region becomes the full screen.</P> +<P CLASS="note">Pt and Pb represent variable numeric parameters. The parameters are +decimal numbers transmitted to the terminal as ASCII characters. Asterisks +(***) represent one or more variable numeric parameters in the octal +sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Set Top and Bottom Margins (DECSTBM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pt ; Pb r +033 133 *** 073 *** 162</PRE> +<P>Selects top and bottom margins, defining the scrolling region. Pt is line +number of first line in the scrolling region. Pb is line number of bottom line. +If Pt and Pb are not selected, the complete screen is used (no margins).</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.5">Origin</H4> +<P>This mode determines if the cursor can move outside the scrolling +region (the area between the top and bottom margins). You can move +the cursor outside the margins with the cursor position (CUP) and horizontal +and vertical position (HVP) sequences.</P> +<P>Lines on the screen are numbered according to the location of the home +position. Home position is always line 1, column 1. The cursor moves to +the new home position whenever origin mode is selected. Select origin +mode by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: When you power up or use the Reset command, origin mode resets.</P> +<P><STRONG>Origin Mode (DECOM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 6 h +033 133 077 066 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects home position in scrolling region. Line numbers start at top +margin of scrolling region. The cursor cannot move out of scrolling region.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 6 l +033 133 077 066 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects home position in upper-left corner of screen. Line numbers +are independent of the scrolling region (absolute). Use CUP and HVP sequences +to move cursor out of scrolling region.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.6">Cursor Positioning</H4> +<P>The cursor indicates the active screen position +where the next character will appear. The cursor moves:</P> +<UL> +<LI>One column to the right when a character appears</LI> +<LI>One line down after a linefeed (LF, octal 012), form feed (FF, octal +014) or vertical tab (VT, octal 013) (Linefeed/new line may also +move the cursor to the left margin)</LI> +<LI>To the left margin after a carriage return (CR, octal 015)</LI> +<LI>One column to the left after a backspace (BS, octal 010)</LI> +<LI>To the next tab stop (or right margin if no tabs are set) after a horizontal +tab character (HT, octal 011)</LI> +<LI>To the home position when the top and bottom margins of the scrolling +region (DECSTBM) or origin mode (DECOM) selection changes.</LI> +</UL> +<P>You can also move the cursor by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Pn represents a variable numeric parameter. The parameter is a +decimal number transmitted to the terminal by using ASCII characters. If +you select no parameter or 0, the terminal assumes the parameter equals +1. Asterisks (***) represent one or more characters in the octal sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Up (CUU)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn A +033 133 *** 101</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor up Pn lines in same column. Cursor stops at top margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Down (CUD)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn B +033 133 *** 102</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor down Pn lines in same column. Cursor stops at bottom +margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Forward (CUF)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn C +033 133 *** 103</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor right Pn columns. Cursor stops at right margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Backward (CUB)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn D +033 133 *** 104</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor left Pn columns. Cursor stops at left margin.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Pl and Pc represent variable numeric parameters. The parameter +is a decimal number that represents one or more characters transmitted +to the terminal as ASCII characters. Asterisks (***) represent the variable +parameter in the octal sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Position (CUP)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pl ; Pc H +033 133 *** 073 *** 110</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor to line Pl, column Pc. If Pl or Pc are not selected or selected +as 0, the cursor moves to first line or column, respectively. Origin mode +(DECOM) selects line numbering and ability to move cursor into margins.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: CUP operates the same as the horizontal and vertical position +(HVP) sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Position (Home) (CUP)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ H +033 133 110</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor to home position, selected by origin mode (DECOM).</P> +<P><STRONG>Horizontal and Vertical Position (HVP)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pl ; Pc f +033 133 *** 073 *** 146</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor to line Pl, column Pc. If Pl or Pc are not selected or selected +as 0, the cursor moves to first line or column, respectively. Origin mode +(DECOM) selects line numbering and ability to move the cursor into +margins.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: HVP operates the same as the cursor position (CUP) sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Horizontal and Vertical Position (Home) (HVP)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ f +033 133 146</PRE> +<P>Cursor moves to home position selected by origin mode (DECOM).</P> +<P><STRONG>Index (IND)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC D +033 104</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor down one line in same column. If cursor is at bottom margin, +screen performs a scroll-up.</P> +<P><STRONG>Reverse Index (RI)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC M +033 115</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor up one line in same column. If cursor is at top margin, +screen performs a scroll-down.</P> +<P><STRONG>Next Line (NEL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC E +033 105</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor to first position on next line. If cursor is at bottom margin, +screen performs a scroll-up.</P> +<P><STRONG>Save Cursor (DECSC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC 7 +033 067</PRE> +<P>Saves cursor position, character attribute (graphic rendition), character +set, and origin mode selection. (See restore cursor).</P> +<P><STRONG>Restore Cursor (DECRC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC 8 +033 070</PRE> +<P>Restores previously saved cursor position, character attribute (graphic +rendition), character set, and origin mode selection. If none were saved, +the cursor moves to home position.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.7">Columns Per Line</H4> +<P>This mode selects the number of columns in a display +line, 80 or 132. With either selection, the screen can display 24 lines. +Select the number of columns per line by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: When you change the number of columns per line, the screen is +erased. This also sets the scrolling region for full screen (24 lines).</P> +<P><STRONG>Column Mode (DECCOLM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 3 h +033 133 077 063 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects 132 columns per line.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 3 l +033 133 077 063 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects 80 columns per line.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.8">Auto Wrap</H4> +<P>This mode selects where a received character will appear +when the cursor is at the right margin. Select auto wrap by using the following +sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Regardless of the auto wrap SET-UP feature selection, the tab +character never moves the cursor to the next line.</P> +<P><STRONG>Auto Wrap Mode (DECAWM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 7 h +033 133 077 067 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects auto wrap. Any display characters received when cursor is at +right margin appear on next line. The display scrolls up if cursor is at end +of scrolling region.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 7 l +033 133 077 067 154</PRE> +<P>Reset turns auto wrap off. Display characters received when cursor is at +right margin replace previously displayed character.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.9">Screen Background</H4> +<P>This mode selects either light (reverse) or dark +display background on the screen. Select screen mode by using the following +sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Screen Mode (DECSCNM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 5 h +033 133 077 065 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects reverse screen, a white screen background with black characters.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 5 l +033 133 077 065 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects normal screen, a black screen background with white characters.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.10">Linefeed/New Line</H4> +<P>This mode selects the control character(s) transmitted +by <SPAN CLASS="keyname">RETURN</SPAN>. Linefeed/new line also selects the action taken by the +terminal when receiving linefeed, form feed, and vertical tab. <A HREF="table5-8.html">Table 5-8</A> +provides a summary of the feature. Select linefeed/new line mode by using +the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Linefeed/New Line Mode (LNM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 0 h +033 133 062 060 150</PRE> +<P>Set causes a received linefeed, form feed, or vertical tab to move cursor +to first column of next line. <SPAN CLASS="keyname">RETURN</SPAN> transmits both a carriage return and +linefeed. This selection is also called new line option.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 0 l +033 133 062 060 154</PRE> +<P>Reset causes a received linefeed, form feed, or vertical tab to move cursor +to next line in current column. <SPAN CLASS="keyname">RETURN</SPAN> transmits a carriage return.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.11">Keyboard Action (FDX)</H4> +<P>This mode is only used during full-duplex, not +half-duplex communication. Keyboard action lets the computer turn the +keyboard on or off. This mode always resets when you enter SET-UP. Select +keyboard action mode by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Keyboard Action Mode (KAM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 h +033 133 062 150</PRE> +<P>Set turns off keyboard and turns on KBD LOCKED.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 l +033 133 062 154</PRE> +<P>Reset turns on keyboard and turns off KBD LOCKED.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.12">Auto Repeat</H4> +<P>This mode selects automatic key repeating. A key +pressed for more than one-half second automatically repeats the transmission +of the character. Key repeating does not affect <SPAN CLASS="keyname">SET-UP</SPAN>, <SPAN CLASS="keyname">ESC</SPAN>, <SPAN CLASS="keyname">RETURN</SPAN>, +<SPAN CLASS="keyname">ENTER</SPAN>, <SPAN CLASS="keyname">NO SCROLL</SPAN>, and <SPAN CLASS="keyname">CTRL</SPAN>. Select auto repeat mode by using +the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Auto Repeat Mode (DECARM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 8 h +033 133 077 070 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects auto repeat. A key pressed for more than one-half second +automatically repeats.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 8 l +033 133 077 070 154</PRE> +<P>Reset turns off auto repeat. Keys do not automatically repeat.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.13">Local Echo (Keyboard Send-Receive)</H4> +<P>This mode selects local echo, +which causes every character transmitted by the terminal to automatically +appear on the screen. Therefore, the computer does not have to transmit +(echo) the character back to the terminal for display. When local echo is +off, the terminal only transmits characters to the computer. The computer +must echo the characters back to the terminal for display. Select send-receive +mode by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Send-Receive Mode (SRM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 1 2 h +033 133 061 062 150</PRE> +<P>Set turns off local echo. The terminal transmits characters to the computer, +which must echo characters for display on screen.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 1 2 l +033 133 061 062 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects local echo. Characters transmitted to the computer automatically +appear on the screen.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.14">Cursor Key Character Selection</H4> +<P>In application keypad mode +(DECKPAM), cursor key mode selects the set of characters transmitted +by the cursor keys. In numeric keypad mode (DECKPNM), cursor key +mode resets and cannot change. See <A HREF="table5-9.html">Table 5-9</A> for the codes transmitted +by the cursor keys. Select cursor key mode by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: When you power up or use a Reset command, cursor key mode +resets. This mode also resets during a communication line connection in +all communication except full-duplex no modem control (FDX A). See +<A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A> for more information about communication.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Key Mode (DECCKM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 h +033 133 077 061 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects cursor keys to generate control (application) functions.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 l +033 133 077 061 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects cursor keys to generate ANSI cursor control sequences.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.15">Keypad Character Selection</H4> +<P>The numeric keypad generates either numeric +characters or control functions. Selecting application or numeric +keypad mode determines the type of characters. The keypad mode also +affects the cursor keys. See <A HREF="#S5.5.2.14">Cursor Key Character Selection</A> in this chapter +for more information. The program function (PF) keys generate the +same characters regardless of the keypad character selection. See <A HREF="table5-10.html">Table +5-10</A> for the characters generated by the keypad. Select the keypad mode +by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: When you power up or use a Reset command, the terminal selects +numeric keypad mode. This mode is also selected during communication +line connections, except full-duplex no modem control (FDX A). +See <A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A> for more information about communication line connections.</P> +<P><STRONG>Application Keypad Mode (DECKPAM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC = +033 075</PRE> +<P>Selects application keypad mode. Keypad generates control functions. +Cursor key mode (DECCKM) selects type of characters generated by cursor +keys.</P> +<P><STRONG>Numeric Keypad Mode (DECKPNM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC > +033 076</PRE> +<P>Selects numeric keypad mode. Keypad generates characters that match +the numeric, comma, period, and minus sign keys on main keyboard. Cursor +keys generate ANSI cursor control sequences.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.16">Character Sets and Selection</H4> +<P>The terminal can display up to 254 different +characters; however, the terminal only holds 127 display characters +in basic read only memory (ROM). You must install an alternate character +set ROM for the remaining 127 display characters.</P> +<P>The terminal can select only 94 characters (one character set) at a time. +Therefore, the terminal uses the following five character sets, with some +characters appearing in more than one set.</P> +<UL> +<LI>United States</LI> +<LI>United Kingdom</LI> +<LI>Special characters and line drawing (VT100 compatible)</LI> +<LI>Alternate ROM</LI> +<LI>Alternate ROM special characters</LI> +</UL> +<P>Tables <A HREF="table5-11.html">5.11</A>, <A HREF="table5-12.html">5.12</A> and <A HREF="table5-13.html">5.13</A> show the character sets. The United States and +United Kingdom character sets meet the standard of the "ISO international register of character sets to be used with escape sequences". +The space (SP) and control characters are the same in all sets.</P> +<P>The terminal uses two active character sets at any one time. The computer +designates these sets as G0 and G1, using the select character set +(SCS) sequence. Then a single control character can switch between +sets. Shift In (SI, octal 017) invokes the G0 character set; shift out (SO, +octal 016) invokes the G1 character set.</P> +<P>The designated character sets are active until the terminal receives another +SCS sequence. You can use the SCS sequence as often as needed +to designate G0 and G1. Designate G0 by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The terminal uses the character set selected in SET-UP after all +communication line connections, except full-duplex no modem control +(FDX A). See <A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A> for more information about communication line +connections.</P> +<P><STRONG>Select Character Set (SCS)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ( A +033 050 101</PRE> +<P>Designates the UK character set as G0.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ( B +033 050 102</PRE> +<P>Designates the US character set as G0.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ( 0 +033 050 060</PRE> +<P>Designates the special characters and line drawing character set as G0.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ( 1 +033 050 061</PRE> +<P>Designates the alternate ROM character set as G0.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ( 2 +033 050 062</PRE> +<P>Designates the alternate ROM special characters character set as G0.</P> +<P>Designate G1 by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Select Character Set (SCS)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ) A +033 051 101</PRE> +<P>Designates the UK character set as G1.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ) B +033 051 102</PRE> +<P>Designates the US character set as G1.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ) 0 +033 051 060</PRE> +<P>Designates the special characters and line drawing character set as G1.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ) 1 +033 051 061</PRE> +<P>Designates the alternate ROM character set as G1.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ) 2 +033 051 062</PRE> +<P>Designates the alternate ROM special characters character set as G1.</P> +<P>The terminal also has G2 and G3 character sets. However, these are always +the default (selected in SET-UP) character sets. You select G2 and +G3 for only one character at a time. The terminal returns to the previous +character set after displaying a single character. Select G2 and G3 for +one character by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Single Shift 2 (SS2)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC N +033 116</PRE> +<P>Selects G2 (default) character set for one character. You select G2 in SET-UP.</P> +<P><STRONG>Single Shift 3 (SS3)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC O +033 117</PRE> +<P>Selects G3 (default) character set for one character. You select G3 in SET-UP.</P> +<P>The terminal can transmit characters displayed on the screen to the optional +serial printer. When transmitting characters to the printer, the terminal +attempts to select the correct character set. If the printer does not +support multiple character sets, using multiple character sets causes unexpected +characters to print. Remember the following rules when the terminal +transmits characters from more than one character set.</P> +<UL> +<LI>When starting a print operation, make sure the G0 character sets in +the terminal and printer are the same.</LI> +<LI>During printing, the terminal checks that the next character to transmit +belongs to the presently selected G0 character set. If not, the terminal +transmits a G0 designator to the printer to select the correct +character set. The G1 designator is never used.</LI> +<LI>At the end of printing, the terminal checks that the printer's G0 character +set is the same as when printing started. If not, the terminal +transmits a G0 designator to the printer to select the original G0 +character set. The designator is transmitted before the print termination +character.</LI> +</UL> +<P>Before transmitting characters to the printer, the terminal must determine +the character set selected. If the character is not in the currently selected +G0 character set, the character sets are searched as follows.</P> +<OL> +<LI>US/UK (selected in SET-UP)</LI> +<LI>US/UK (not selected in SET-UP)</LI> +<LI>Special characters and line drawing</LI> +<LI>Alternate ROM</LI> +<LI>Alternate ROM special characters</LI> +</OL> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The substitute character appears on the screen when the terminal +receives a parity error, the SUB or CAN control characters, and the <IMG SRC="char141.png" ALT="checker" HEIGHT="20" WIDTH="12"> +(octal 141) character in the special character and line drawing character +set. The terminal always transmits the substitute character to the printer +as the SUB (octal 032) character.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.17">Character Attributes</H4> +<P>The terminal can display the following character +attributes that change the character display without changing the character.</P> +<UL> +<LI>Underline</LI> +<LI>Reverse video (character background opposite of the screen background +feature)</LI> +<LI>Blink</LI> +<LI>Bold (increased intensity)</LI> +<LI>Any combination of these attributes</LI> +</UL> +<P>You can select one or more character attributes at one time. Selecting an +attribute does not turn off other attributes already selected. After you select +an attribute, all characters received by the terminal appear with that +attribute. If you move the characters by scrolling, the attribute moves with +the characters. Select the character attributes by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Select Graphic Rendition (SGR)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ m or ESC [ 0 m +033 133 155 033 133 060 155</PRE> +<P>Turns off character attributes.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 1 m +033 133 061 155</PRE> +<P>Selects bold (increased intensity).</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 4 m +033 133 064 155</PRE> +<P>Selects underline.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 5 m +033 133 065 155</PRE> +<P>Selects blink.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 7 m +033 133 067 155</PRE> +<P>Selects reverse video.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.18">Tab Stops</H4> +<P>You select tab stop positions on the horizontal lines of the +screen. The cursor advances (tabs) to the next tab stop when the terminal +receives a horizontal tab (HT, octal 011). If no tab stops are set, horizontal +tab moves the cursor to the right margin. Set and clear the tab stops by +using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Horizontal Tabulation Set (HTS)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC H +033 110</PRE> +<P>Sets a horizontal tab stop at cursor position.</P> +<P><STRONG>Tabulation Clear (TBC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ g or ESC [ 0 g +033 133 147 033 133 060 147</PRE> +<P>Clears a horizontal tab stop at cursor position.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 3 g +033 133 063 147</PRE> +<P>Clears all horizontal tab stops.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.19">Line Attributes</H4> +<P>These are display features that affect a complete display +line. The cursor selects the line affected by the attribute. The cursor +stays in the same character position when the attribute changes. However, +if the attribute would move the cursor past the right margin, the cursor +stops at the right margin. When you move lines on the screen by +scrolling, the attribute moves with the line. Select line attributes by using +the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: If you erase an entire line by using the erase in display (ED) sequence, +the line attribute changes to single-height and single-width.</P> +<P><STRONG>Double-Height Line (DECDHL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">Top Half: Bottom Half: +ESC # 3 ESC # 4 +033 043 063 033 043 064</PRE> +<P>Makes the line with the cursor the top or bottom half of a double-height, +double-width line. Sequences work in pairs on adjacent lines. The same +character must be used on both lines to form full characters. If the line +was single-width, single-height, all characters to the right of center are +lost.</P> +<P><STRONG>Single-Width Line (DECSWL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC # 5 +033 043 065</PRE> +<P>Makes the line with the cursor single-width, single-height. This is line attribute +for all new lines on screen.</P> +<P><STRONG>Double-Width Line (DECDWL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC # 6 +033 043 066</PRE> +<P>Makes the line with the cursor double-width, single-height. If the line was +single-width, single-height, all characters to the right of center screen are +lost.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.20">Erasing</H4> +<P>Erasing removes characters from the screen without affecting +other characters on the screen. Erased characters are lost. The cursor +position does not change when erasing characters or lines.</P> +<P>If you erase a line by using the erase in display (ED) sequence, the line +attribute becomes single-height, single-width. If you erase a line by using +the erase in line (EL) sequence, the line attribute is not affected.</P> +<P>Erasing a character also erases any character attribute of the character. +Erase characters by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Erase In Line (EL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ K or ESC [ 0 K +033 133 113 033 133 060 113</PRE> +<P>Erases from cursor to end of line, including cursor position.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 1 K +033 133 061 113</PRE> +<P>Erases from beginning of line to cursor, including cursor position.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 K +033 133 062 113</PRE> +<P>Erases complete line.</P> +<P><STRONG>Erase In Display (ED)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ J or ESC [ 0 J +033 133 112 033 133 060 112</PRE> +<P>Erases from cursor to end of screen, including cursor position.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 1 J +033 133 061 112</PRE> +<P>Erases from beginning of screen to cursor, including cursor position.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 J +033 133 062 112</PRE> +<P>Erases complete display. All lines are erased and changed to single-width. +Cursor does not move.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.21">Computer Editing</H4> +<P>Editing allows the computer to insert or delete characters +and lines of characters at the cursor position. The cursor position +does not change when inserting or deleting lines. Delete characters or insert +and delete lines by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Insertion-replacement mode (IRM) selects how characters are +added to the screen. See <A HREF="#S5.5.2.22">Inserting and Replacing Characters</A> in this +chapter for more information.</P> +<P><STRONG>Delete Character (DCH)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn P +033 133 *** 120</PRE> +<P>Deletes Pn characters, starting with the character at cursor position. When a +character is deleted, all characters to the right of cursor move left. This +creates a space character at right margin. This character has same character +attribute as the last character moved left.</P> +<P><STRONG>Insert Line (IL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn L +033 133 *** 114</PRE> +<P>Inserts Pn lines at line with cursor. Lines displayed below cursor move +down. Lines moved past the bottom margin are lost. This sequence is ignored +when cursor is outside scrolling region.</P> +<P><STRONG>Delete Line (DL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pn M +033 133 *** 115</PRE> +<P>Deletes Pn lines, starting at line with cursor. As lines are deleted, lines +displayed below cursor move up. Lines added to bottom of screen have +spaces with same character attributes as last line moved up. This sequence +is ignored when cursor is outside scrolling region.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.22">Inserting and Replacing Characters</H4> +<P>The terminal displays received +characters at the cursor position. This mode determines how the terminal +adds characters to the screen. Insert mode displays the character and +moves previously displayed characters to the right. Replace mode adds +characters by replacing the character at the cursor position. Select +insertion-replacement mode by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: This mode resets after a communication line connection in all +communication except full-duplex no modem control (FDX A). See <A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter +6</A> for more information about communication line connections.</P> +<P><STRONG>Insertion-Replacement Mode (IRM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 4 h +033 133 064 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects insert mode and turns INSERT on. New display characters +move old display characters to the right. Characters moved past the right +margin are lost.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 4 l +033 133 064 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects replace mode and turns INSERT off. New display characters +replace old display characters at cursor position. The old character +is erased.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.23">Printing</H4> +<P>The terminal has a serial printer interface for local printing. The +computer can select all print operations by using sequences. You can +only select two of the print operations from the keyboard, auto print and +print screen.</P> +<P>When you print characters from the screen, terminal and printer tab stops +are ignored. Print characters are spaced with the space (SP, octal 040) +character. The terminal transmits a carriage return (CR, octal 015) and +linefeed (LF, octal 012) after the last printable character of a line -- but not +a space character.</P> +<P>A line of double-height characters prints as two identical lines of single-width +characters. Double-width characters print as single-width characters +on a single line.</P> +<P>Before selecting a print operation, check the printer status by using the +printer status report (DSR) in ANSI mode. Do not select a print operation if +the serial printer is not ready to print. Select print operations by using the +following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Media Copy (Auto Print On) (MC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 5 i +033 133 077 065 151</PRE> +<P>Turns on auto print. A display line prints after you move cursor off the line, +using a linefeed, form feed, or vertical tab (also transmitted to printer).</P> +<P>The line also prints during an auto wrap. Auto wrap lines end with a +CR, LF.</P> +<P><STRONG>Media Copy (Auto Print Off) (MC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 4 i +033 133 077 064 151</PRE> +<P>Turns off auto print.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Printer controller has a higher priority than auto print. Therefore, +you can select printer controller and print characters during auto print.</P> +<P><STRONG>Media Copy (Printer Controller On) (MC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 5 i +033 133 065 151</PRE> +<P>Turns on printer controller. The terminal transmits received characters to +printer without displaying them. The terminal does not insert or delete +spaces, provide line delimiters, or select the correct printer character set.</P> +<P><STRONG>Media Copy (Printer Controller Off) (MC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 4 i +033 133 064 151</PRE> +<P>Turns off printer controller. Always move printhead to left margin before +turning off printer controller.</P> +<P><STRONG>Media Copy (Print Cursor Line) (MC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 i +033 133 077 061 151</PRE> +<P>Prints display line with cursor. Cursor position does not change. Print cursor +line ends when line prints.</P> +<P><STRONG>Media Copy (Print Screen) (MC)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ i or ESC [ 0 i +033 133 151 033 133 060 151</PRE> +<P>Prints the screen. Printer extent (DECEXT) selects full screen or scrolling +region to print. Select scrolling region by using the set top and bottom margins +(DECSTBM) sequence. Print screen ends when screen prints.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.24">Printer Extent</H4> +<P>This mode selects the full screen or the scrolling region +to print during a print screen. Select printer extent mode by using the following +sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Printer Extent Mode (DECPEX)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 9 h +033 133 077 061 071 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects the full screen to print during a print screen.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 9 l +033 133 077 061 071 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects the scrolling region to print during a print screen.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.25">Print Termination Character</H4> +<P>This mode determines if the terminal +should transmit a print termination character after a print screen. The form +feed (octal 014) control character serves as the print termination character. +Select printer form feed mode by using the following sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Printer Form Feed Mode (DECPFF)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 8 h +033 133 077 061 070 150</PRE> +<P>Set selects form feed as print termination character. The terminal transmits +this character to printer after each print screen.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 8 l +033 133 077 061 070 154</PRE> +<P>Reset selects no termination character.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.26">Reports</H4> +<P>The terminal transmits reports in response to computer +requests. Reports determine terminal type and status, and cursor position. +The report requests and responses are as follows.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The terminal does not respond to the DSR, DA, or DECID sequences +during printer controller operation.</P> +<P><STRONG>Device Status Report (DSR)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 5 n +033 133 065 156</PRE> +<P>Computer requests a status report (using a DSR sequence).</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 0 n +033 133 060 156</PRE> +<P>Terminal response: Ready, no malfunctions detected.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 3 n +033 133 063 156</PRE> +<P>Terminal response: Malfunction, error in self-test. Reset and retry.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 5 n +033 133 077 061 065 156</PRE> +<P>Computer requests a printer status report. Terminal checks status of +printer. This report should be requested before any printer operation.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 3 n +033 133 077 061 063 156</PRE> +<P>Printer not connected to terminal. Data terminal ready (DTR) signal of the +printer has not been on since terminal turned on.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 1 n +033 133 077 061 061 156</PRE> +<P>Printer not ready to print. Printer DTR was on, but is now off.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 1 0 n +033 133 077 061 060 156</PRE> +<P>Printer ready to print. Printer DTR is on.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 6 n +033 133 066 156</PRE> +<P>Computer requests a cursor position report from terminal.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Position Report (CPR)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ Pl ; Pc R +033 133 *** 073 *** 122</PRE> +<P>Terminal reports cursor position in response to DSR sequence request +from computer. Pl indicates line and Pc indicates column. No parameters, +or parameters of 0, indicate cursor is at home position. Origin mode (DECOM) +selects line numbering.</P> +<P><STRONG>Device Attributes (DA)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ c or ESC [ 0 c +033 133 143 033 133 060 143</PRE> +<P>Computer requests terminal identify itself.</P> +<P><STRONG>Identify Terminal (DECID)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC Z +033 132</PRE> +<P>Computer requests terminal to identify itself. Terminal uses device attributes +(DA) to respond. Future DIGITAL terminals may not support this sequence. +Therefore, new software should use device attributes.</P> +<P><STRONG>Device Attributes (DA)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ ? 6 c +033 133 077 066 143</PRE> +<P>Terminal response: VT102.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.27">Reset</H4> +<P>Reset initializes the terminal and causes it to perform the internal +power-up self-test, erase the input buffer, and use the SET-UP selections +in user memory. Characters received during a reset are lost. To prevent +this, the computer may act in one of two ways.</P> +<OL> +<LI>(With auto XON/XOFF) Immediately after sending the reset sequence, +the computer should assume an XOFF from terminal. The +computer stops sending characters until it receives XON. The terminal +transmits XON only after it completes the reset.</LI> +<LI>(Without auto XON/XOFF) Use a delay of no less than 10 seconds +to allow the terminal to complete the function. This method, however, +does not guarantee against loss of characters when a reset error is +detected.</LI> +</OL> +<P>The terminal disconnects from the communication line during a reset. After +a reset, the terminal selects keypad numeric mode (DECKPNM) and +resets origin mode (DECOM). The terminal also selects the top and bottom +margins (scrolling region) for the full screen (DECSTBM). Reset the +terminal by using the following sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Reset to Initial State (RIS)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC c +033 143</PRE> +<P>Resets the terminal to its initial state.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.28">Tests</H4> +<P>DECTST selects the self-tests used to verify terminal operation. +Self-tests provide error indications on the keyboard indicators or screen. +See <A HREF="chapter9.html">Chapter 9</A> for the meaning of the displayed errors. The terminal reports +the test results (pass or fail) to the computer by using a device status +report (DSR) sequence.</P> +<P>The terminal loses received characters while performing the test. To prevent +this, the computer may act in one of two ways.</P> +<OL> +<LI>(With auto XON/XOFF) Immediately after sending the invoke confidence +test sequence, the computer should assume an XOFF from +terminal. The computer stops sending characters until it receives +XON. The terminal transmits XON only after it completes the test.</LI> +<LI>(Without auto XON/XOFF) Use a delay of no less than 10 seconds +to allow the terminal to complete the test. This method, however, +does not guarantee against loss of characters when an error is detected.</LI> +</OL> +<P>Select terminal self-tests by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Invoke Confidence Test (DECTST)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 1 y +033 133 062 073 061 171</PRE> +<P>Power-up test. Terminal resets and performs power-up test.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 2 y +033 133 062 073 062 171</PRE> +<P>Data loopback test. Uses test connector on modem interface connector.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 4 y +033 133 062 073 064 171</PRE> +<P>EIA loopback test. Uses test connector on modem interface connector.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 1 6 y +033 133 062 073 061 066 171</PRE> +<P>Printer loopback test. Uses test connector on printer interface connector.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 9 y +033 133 062 073 071 171</PRE> +<P>Repeats power-up test continuously until failure or power turned off.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 1 0 y +033 133 062 073 061 060 171</PRE> +<P>Repeats data loopback test continuously until failure or power turned off. +Uses test connector on the modem interface connnector.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 1 2 y +033 133 062 073 061 062 171</PRE> +<P>Repeats EIA loopback test continuously until failure or power turned off. +Uses test connector on modem interface connector.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 2 ; 2 4 y +033 133 062 073 062 064 171</PRE> +<P>Repeats printer loopback test continuously until failure or power turned +off. Uses test connector on printer interface.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.29">Adjustments</H4> +<P>The terminal has a screen alignment pattern that lets +Field Service personnel adjust the screen. Display the screen alignment +pattern by using the following sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>Screen Alignment Display (DECALN)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC # 8 +033 043 070</PRE> +<P>Fills screen with uppercase E's for screen focus and alignment. This command +is used by DIGITAL Manufacturing and Field Service personnel.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.2.30">Keyboard Indicator</H4> +<P>You can program the L1 indicator (LED) for specific +applications. Turn L1 on or off by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Load LED (DECLL)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 0 q +033 133 060 161</PRE> +<P>Turns L1 off.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC [ 1 q +033 133 061 161</PRE> +<P>Turns L1 on.</P> +<H3 ID="S5.5.3">VT52-Compatible Sequences</H3> +<P>VT52-compatible sequences meet private DIGITAL standards. Therefore, +the terminal can use existing software designed for previous terminals +(such as the VT52). You can select VT52 compatibility from the keyboard +in SET-UP (<A HREF="chapter3.html">Chapter 3</A>), or the computer can use a sequence. (See <A HREF="#S5.5.2">ANSI-Compatible +Sequences</A> in this chapter).</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.1">Modes</H4> +<P>In VT52 mode, you cannot select most terminal features by using +sequences. You can, however, select the following three modes by using +sequences: ANSI mode, application keypad mode on, and application +keypad mode off (numeric keypad mode on).</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.2">ANSI/VT52 Compatibility</H4> +<P>The terminal is compatible with both ANSI +and private DIGITAL standards. Therefore, the terminal can use new software +that meets ANSI standards and existing software designed for previous +terminals (such as the VT52). ANSI-compatible sequences meet +standards X3.64-1979 and X3.41-1974. You use ANSI mode to select +most terminal features; the terminal uses the same features when it +switches to VT52 mode. You cannot, however, change most of these features +in VT52 mode. Select ANSI compatibility by using the following sequence.</P> +<P><STRONG>ANSI Mode (DECANM)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC < +033 074</PRE> +<P>The terminal interprets all sequences according to ANSI standards X3.64-1979 +and X3.41-1974. The VT52 escape sequences described in this +chapter are not recognized.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.3">Cursor Positioning</H4> +<P>The cursor indicates the active screen position +where the next character will appear. You must select the margins for +VT52 mode in ANSI mode. If you do not select margins, the terminal uses +the complete screen. The cursor moves:</P> +<UL> +<LI>One column to the right when a character appears</LI> +<LI>One line down after a linefeed, form feed, or vertical tab. (Linefeed/new +line may also move the cursor to left margin).</LI> +<LI>To the left margin after a carriage return</LI> +<LI>One column to the left after a backspace</LI> +<LI>To the next tab stop (or right margin if no tabs are set) after a horizontal +tab character.</LI> +</UL> +<P>You can also move the cursor by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Up</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC A +033 101</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor up one line in same column. Cursor stops at top margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Down</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC B +033 102</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor down one line in same column. Cursor stops at bottom +margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Right</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC C +033 103</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor one column to right. Cursor stops at right margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor Left</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC D +033 104</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor one column to left. Cursor stops at left margin.</P> +<P><STRONG>Cursor to Home</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC H +033 110</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor to home position.</P> +<P><STRONG>Direct Cursor Address</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC Y line column +033 131 *** ***</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor to specified line and column. Line and column numbers are +ASCII character whose codes are their octal value plus octal 037. For +example, line 1 column 8 parameters are octal 040 (first line) and octal +050 (eighth column).</P> +<P><STRONG>Reverse Linefeed</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC I +033 111</PRE> +<P>Moves cursor up one line in same column. If cursor is at top margin, +screen performs scroll-down.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.4">Keypad Character Selection</H4> +<P>The numeric keypad generates either numeric +characters or control functions. Select application keypad mode to +generate control functions. Exit application keypad mode (select numeric +keypad mode) to generate numeric characters. See <A HREF="table5-14.html">Table 5-14</A> for the +characters generated by the keypad. Enter and exit application keypad +mode by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: When you power up or use a Reset command, the terminal exits +application keypad mode (selects numeric keypad mode). This mode is +also selected during communication line connections, except full-duplex +no modem control (FDX A). See <A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A> for more information about +communication line disconnects.</P> +<P><STRONG>Enter Application Keypad Mode</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC = +033 075</PRE> +<P>Keypad generates sequences used by the applications program.</P> +<P><STRONG>Exit Application Keypad Mode (Numeric Keypad Mode)</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC > +033 076</PRE> +<P>Keypad generates characters that match the numeric, comma, period, +and minus sign keys on main keyboard.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.5">Character Sets and Selection</H4> +<P>In VT52 mode, the terminal uses either +the US/UK character set selected in SET-UP or the special characters +and line drawing character set. Tables <A HREF="table5-11.html">5-11</A> and <A HREF="table5-12.html">5-12</A> show the United +Kingdom and United States character sets. <A HREF="table5-13.html">Table 5-13</A> shows the special +characters and line drawing character set. <A HREF="table5-15.html">Table 5-15</A> compares the special +characters and line drawing character set to VT52 graphics mode +(character set). Select the character sets by using the following sequences.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The character set selected in SET-UP is used after all communication +line connections, except full-duplex no modem control (FDX A). +See <A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A> for more information about communication.</P> +<P><STRONG>Enter Graphics Mode</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC F +033 106</PRE> +<P>Selects the special characters and line drawing character set.</P> +<P><STRONG>Exit Graphics Mode</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC G +033 107</PRE> +<P>Selects the character set selected in SET-UP.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.6">Erasing</H4> +<P>Erasing removes characters from the screen. Erased characters +are lost. Erase characters by using the following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Erase to End of Line</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC K +033 113</PRE> +<P>Erases all characters from cursor to end of current line, including cursor +position. Cursor does not move.</P> +<P><STRONG>Erase to End of Screen</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC J +033 112</PRE> +<P>Erases all characters from cursor to end of screen, including cursor +position. Cursor does not move.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.7">Printing</H4> +<P>The terminal has a serial printer interface for local printing. The +computer can select all print operations by using sequences. You can +only select two print operations from the keyboard, auto print and print +screen.</P> +<P>When you print characters from the screen, terminal and printer tab stops +are ignored. Characters printed are spaced with the space (SP, octal +040) character. The terminal transmits a carriage return and linefeed - +but not a space character - after the last printable character of a line.</P> +<P>A line of double-height characters prints as two identical lines of single-width +characters. Double-width characters print as single-width characters +on a single line.</P> +<P>Before selecting a print operation, check the printer status by using the +printer status report (DSR) in ANSI mode. Do not select a print operation if +the serial printer is not ready to print. Select print operations by using the +following sequences.</P> +<P><STRONG>Auto Print</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ^ +033 136</PRE> +<P>Turns on auto print. A display line prints after you move cursor off the line, +using a linefeed, form feed, or vertical tab (also transmitted to printer).</P> +<P>The line also prints during an auto wrap. Auto wrap lines end with CR, LF.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC _ +033 137</PRE> +<P>Turns off auto print.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: Printer controller has a higher priority than auto print. Therefore, +you can select printer controller and print characters during auto print.</P> +<P><STRONG>Print Controller</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC W +033 127</PRE> +<P>Turns on printer controller. The terminal transmits received characters to +printer without displaying them. The terminal does not insert or delete +spaces, provide line delimiters, or select printer character set.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC X +033 130</PRE> +<P>Turns off printer controller. Always move printhead to left margin before +turning off printer controller.</P> +<P><STRONG>Print Cursor Line</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC V +033 135</PRE> +<P>Prints display line with cursor. Cursor position does not change. Print cursor +line ends when the line prints.</P> +<P><STRONG>Print Screen</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC ] +033 126</PRE> +<P>Prints the screen. Printer extent (DECPEX) selects full screen or scrolling +region to print. Select scrolling region by using DECSTBM sequence. Print +screen ends when screen prints.</P> +<H4 ID="S5.5.3.8">Reports</H4> +<P>The terminal transmits reports in response to computer +requests. The terminal generates only one report in VT52 mode. The report +requests and responses are as follows.</P> +<P><STRONG>Identify</STRONG></P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC Z +033 132</PRE> +<P>Terminal sends an identify sequence to computer.</P> +<PRE CLASS="code">ESC / Z +033 057 132</PRE> +<P>VT102 response to identify sequence. (Same as VT52).</P> +<DIV CLASS="navbar"><HR> +<TABLE WIDTH="100%"> +<COL SPAN="3" WIDTH="33%"> +<TBODY> +<TR> +<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="chapter4.html">Chapter 4</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="contents.html">Contents</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="chapter6.html">Chapter 6</A></TD> +</TR> +</TBODY> +</TABLE> +<DIV CLASS="navbot">http://vt100.net/docs/vt102-ug/chapter5.html</DIV></DIV> +</BODY> +</HTML> |