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diff --git a/DOCS/vt102-ug/appendixd.html b/DOCS/vt102-ug/appendixd.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84b566d --- /dev/null +++ b/DOCS/vt102-ug/appendixd.html @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> +<HTML> +<HEAD> +<TITLE>VT100.net: Digital VT102 User Guide</TITLE> +<LINK HREF="vt102-ug.css" TYPE="text/css" REL="stylesheet"> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<DIV CLASS="navbar"><A HREF="http://vt100.net/"><IMG CLASS="button" SRC="vt100.net-logo.png" ALT="VT100.net" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="102"></A> VT102 User Guide<TABLE WIDTH="100%"> +<COL SPAN="3" WIDTH="33%"> +<TBODY> +<TR> +<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="appendixc.html">Appendix C</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="contents.html">Contents</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="appendixe.html">Appendix E</A></TD> +</TR> +</TBODY> +</TABLE> +<HR></DIV> +<H1 ID="SD"><SPAN CLASS="chapnum">D</SPAN> Control Functions (Sequence Formats)</H1> +<H2 ID="SD.1" CLASS="notoc">General</H2> +<P>This appendix summarizes the ANSI code extension techniques defined in +standards X3.41-1974 and X3.64-1979. Those specifications cover many +special cases and details not included here.</P> +<H2 ID="SD.2" CLASS="notoc">Control Functions</H2> +<P>The ANSI standards define types of characters used for specific purposes. +You can determine a character's type by its position in the ASCII +table (<A HREF="tabled-1.html">Table D-1</A>). There are two general categories of characters:</P> +<UL> +<LI>display (columns 2 through 7)</LI> +<LI>control (columns 0 and 1).</LI> +</UL> +<P>This table and the ANSI system can work for either a 7-bit or 8-bit character +environment. The VT102 uses only 7-bit characters.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The ASCII 7-bit table corresponds to International Standards Organization +(ISO) standard 646 and International Telegraph and Telephone +Consultive Committee (CCITT) alphabet 5.</P> +<P>All control characters and groups of characters (sequences) not intended +for display on the screen are control functions. Not all control functions +perform an action in every ANSI device, but each device can recognize all +control functions and discard any that do not apply to it. Therefore, each +device performs a subset of the ANSI functions.</P> +<P>Because different devices use different subsets, compliance with ANSI +does not mean compatibility between devices. Compliance only means +that a particular function, if defined in the ANSI standard, is invoked by the +same control function in all devices. If an ANSI device does not perform +an action that has a control function defined in the ANSI standard, it cannot +use that control function for any other purpose.</P> +<H2 ID="SD.3" CLASS="notoc">Escape and Control Sequences</H2> +<P>Escape and control sequences provide more controls in addition to the +control characters in the ASCII 7-bit table. These multiple-character control +sequences are not displayed but control the displaying, processing, +and transmission of characters. At the end of a sequence or during an +error condition, the terminal continues to display received characters. +See <A HREF="chapter5.html#S5.5.1">Error Recovery</A> in <A HREF="chapter5.html">Chapter 5</A> for specific error conditions.</P> +<H3 ID="SD.3.1" CLASS="notoc">Escape Sequences</H3> +<P>The format for an escape sequence is as follows.</P> +<PRE>ESC I.....I F +033 040-057 060-176 + +Escape Intermediate Final +sequence characters character +introducer (0 or more (1 character) + characters)</PRE> +<DL> +<DT>Escape Sequence Introducer</DT> +<DD><P>This is the ESC character (octal 033) defined +by ANSI X3.4-1977. After receiving ESC, the terminal stores (but +does not display) all control characters received in the proper range.</P></DD> +<DT>Intermediate Characters</DT> +<DD><P>These are characters received after ESC in +the octal range of 040 - 057 (column 2 of the ASCII table). The terminal +stores intermediate characters as part of the control function.</P></DD> +<DT>Final Character</DT> +<DD><P>This is a character received after ESC in the octal +range of 060 - 176 (columns 3 - 7 of the ASCII table). The final character +indicates the end of the control function. The intermediate and final characters +together define the function of the sequence. The terminal then +performs the specified function and continues to display received characters. +ANSI standard control functions have a final character in the octal +range of 100 - 176 (columns 4 - 7 of the ASCII table). Private sequences +have a final character in the octal range of 060 - 077 (column 3 of the +ASCII table).</P></DD> +</DL> +<H4>Example</H4> +<P>Action: Designate ASCII character set as G0.</P> +<H4>Sequence</H4> +<PRE>ESC ( B +033 050 102 + | | | + | | +------- Final Character + | +------------ Intermediate Character + +----------------- Escape Sequence Introducer</PRE> +<H3 ID="SD.3.2" CLASS="notoc">Control Sequence Format</H3> +<P>The format of a control sequence is as follows.</P> +<PRE>CSI P.....P I.....I F +033 133 060-077 040-057 100-176 + +Control Parameter Intermediate Final character +sequence characters characters (1 character) +introducer (0 or more (0 or more + characters) characters)</PRE> +<DL> +<DT>Control Sequence Introducer</DT> +<DD><P>The CSI is the ESC (octal 033) and [ (octal +133) characters defined by ANSI X3.41-1977. These characters provide +8-bit control functions by using 7-bit characters. The VT102 supports +only 7-bit characters. After receiving CSI characters, the terminal stores +(but does not display) all control characters received in the proper range.</P></DD> +<DT>Parameter Characters</DT> +<DD><P>These are characters received after the CSI +character, in the octal range of 060 - 077 (column 3 of the ASCII table). +The parameter characters modify the action or interpretation of the control +function. The terminal interprets parameter characters as private +when the < = > ? characters (octal 074 - 077) begin the paramter +string. The : character (octal 072) is reserved. This means an ANSI-specified +control sequence can have a parameter function with a private interpretation.</P> +<P>The terminal uses two types of parameter characters, numeric and selective. +A numeric parameter represents a decimal number, designated by +Pn. The decimal characters have a range of 0 - 9 (octal 060 - 071). A +selective parameter comes from a list of specified parameters, designated +by Ps.</P> +<P>If a control sequence includes more than one parameter, the parameters +are separated by a delimiter, the ; character (octal 073).</P></DD> +<DT>Intermediate Characters</DT> +<DD><P>These are characters received after the CSI +character, in the octal range of 040 - 057 (column 2 of the ASCII table). +The terminal stores these characters as part of the control function.</P> +<P CLASS="note">NOTE: The terminal does not use intermediate characters in control +functions.</P></DD> +<DT>Final Character</DT> +<DD><P>This is a character received after the CSI character, in +the octal range of 100 - 176 (columns 4 - 7 of the ASCII table). The final +character indicates the end of the control function. The intermediate and +final characters together define the function of the sequence. The terminal +then performs the specified function and continues to display received +characters. ANSI standard control functions have a final character in the +octal range of 100 - 157 (columns 4 - 6 of the ASCII table). Private sequences +have a final character in the octal range of 160 - 176 (column 7 +of the ASCII table).</P></DD> +</DL> +<H4>Example</H4> +<P>Action: Clear all horizontal tabs.</P> +<H4>Sequence</H4> +<PRE>ESC [ 3 g +033 133 063 147 + | | | | + +--+-+ | | + | | +----- Final Character + | +---------- Parameter Character + +----------------- Control Sequence Introducer</PRE> +<H4>Sequence Examples</H4> +<P>These examples show the use of multiple functions selected in one sequence, +private parameters and private sequences.</P> +<PRE>ESC [ ? 4 h Set smooth scroll mode +033 133 077 064 150 (? = ANSI private parameter) + +ESC [ 2 ; 1 y Invoke self-test +033 133 062 073 061 171 (y = ANSI private sequence)</PRE> +<DIV CLASS="navbar"><HR> +<TABLE WIDTH="100%"> +<COL SPAN="3" WIDTH="33%"> +<TBODY> +<TR> +<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><A HREF="appendixc.html">Appendix C</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="contents.html">Contents</A></TD> +<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="appendixe.html">Appendix E</A></TD> +</TR> +</TBODY> +</TABLE> +<DIV CLASS="navbot">http://vt100.net/docs/vt102-ug/appendixd.html</DIV></DIV> +</BODY> +</HTML> |