aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/target/linux/mediatek/files-5.10/drivers/mtd/mtk-snand/mtk-snand-mtd.c
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'target/linux/mediatek/files-5.10/drivers/mtd/mtk-snand/mtk-snand-mtd.c')
-rw-r--r--target/linux/mediatek/files-5.10/drivers/mtd/mtk-snand/mtk-snand-mtd.c677
1 files changed, 677 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/target/linux/mediatek/files-5.10/drivers/mtd/mtk-snand/mtk-snand-mtd.c b/target/linux/mediatek/files-5.10/drivers/mtd/mtk-snand/mtk-snand-mtd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0fcda446d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/target/linux/mediatek/files-5.10/drivers/mtd/mtk-snand/mtk-snand-mtd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 MediaTek Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Author: Weijie Gao <weijie.gao@mediatek.com>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/clk.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
+#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
+#include <linux/of_platform.h>
+
+#include "mtk-snand.h"
+#include "mtk-snand-os.h"
+
+struct mtk_snand_of_id {
+ enum mtk_snand_soc soc;
+};
+
+struct mtk_snand_mtd {
+ struct mtk_snand_plat_dev pdev;
+
+ struct clk *nfi_clk;
+ struct clk *pad_clk;
+ struct clk *ecc_clk;
+
+ void __iomem *nfi_regs;
+ void __iomem *ecc_regs;
+
+ int irq;
+
+ bool quad_spi;
+ enum mtk_snand_soc soc;
+
+ struct mtd_info mtd;
+ struct mtk_snand *snf;
+ struct mtk_snand_chip_info cinfo;
+ uint8_t *page_cache;
+ struct mutex lock;
+};
+
+#define mtd_to_msm(mtd) container_of(mtd, struct mtk_snand_mtd, mtd)
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_erase(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct erase_info *instr)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+ u64 start_addr, end_addr;
+ int ret;
+
+ /* Do not allow write past end of device */
+ if ((instr->addr + instr->len) > mtd->size) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "attempt to erase beyond end of device\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ start_addr = instr->addr & (~mtd->erasesize_mask);
+ end_addr = instr->addr + instr->len;
+ if (end_addr & mtd->erasesize_mask) {
+ end_addr = (end_addr + mtd->erasesize_mask) &
+ (~mtd->erasesize_mask);
+ }
+
+ mutex_lock(&msm->lock);
+
+ while (start_addr < end_addr) {
+ if (mtk_snand_block_isbad(msm->snf, start_addr)) {
+ instr->fail_addr = start_addr;
+ ret = -EIO;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ ret = mtk_snand_erase_block(msm->snf, start_addr);
+ if (ret) {
+ instr->fail_addr = start_addr;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ start_addr += mtd->erasesize;
+ }
+
+ mutex_unlock(&msm->lock);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_read_data(struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm, uint64_t addr,
+ struct mtd_oob_ops *ops)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = &msm->mtd;
+ size_t len, ooblen, maxooblen, chklen;
+ uint32_t col, ooboffs;
+ uint8_t *datcache, *oobcache;
+ bool ecc_failed = false, raw = ops->mode == MTD_OPS_RAW ? true : false;
+ int ret, max_bitflips = 0;
+
+ col = addr & mtd->writesize_mask;
+ addr &= ~mtd->writesize_mask;
+ maxooblen = mtd_oobavail(mtd, ops);
+ ooboffs = ops->ooboffs;
+ ooblen = ops->ooblen;
+ len = ops->len;
+
+ datcache = len ? msm->page_cache : NULL;
+ oobcache = ooblen ? msm->page_cache + mtd->writesize : NULL;
+
+ ops->oobretlen = 0;
+ ops->retlen = 0;
+
+ while (len || ooblen) {
+ if (ops->mode == MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB)
+ ret = mtk_snand_read_page_auto_oob(msm->snf, addr,
+ datcache, oobcache, maxooblen, NULL, raw);
+ else
+ ret = mtk_snand_read_page(msm->snf, addr, datcache,
+ oobcache, raw);
+
+ if (ret < 0 && ret != -EBADMSG)
+ return ret;
+
+ if (ret == -EBADMSG) {
+ mtd->ecc_stats.failed++;
+ ecc_failed = true;
+ } else {
+ mtd->ecc_stats.corrected += ret;
+ max_bitflips = max_t(int, ret, max_bitflips);
+ }
+
+ if (len) {
+ /* Move data */
+ chklen = mtd->writesize - col;
+ if (chklen > len)
+ chklen = len;
+
+ memcpy(ops->datbuf + ops->retlen, datcache + col,
+ chklen);
+ len -= chklen;
+ col = 0; /* (col + chklen) % */
+ ops->retlen += chklen;
+ }
+
+ if (ooblen) {
+ /* Move oob */
+ chklen = maxooblen - ooboffs;
+ if (chklen > ooblen)
+ chklen = ooblen;
+
+ memcpy(ops->oobbuf + ops->oobretlen, oobcache + ooboffs,
+ chklen);
+ ooblen -= chklen;
+ ooboffs = 0; /* (ooboffs + chklen) % maxooblen; */
+ ops->oobretlen += chklen;
+ }
+
+ addr += mtd->writesize;
+ }
+
+ return ecc_failed ? -EBADMSG : max_bitflips;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_read_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t from,
+ struct mtd_oob_ops *ops)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+ uint32_t maxooblen;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!ops->oobbuf && !ops->datbuf) {
+ if (ops->ooblen || ops->len)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ switch (ops->mode) {
+ case MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB:
+ case MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB:
+ case MTD_OPS_RAW:
+ break;
+ default:
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unsupported oob mode: %u\n", ops->mode);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ maxooblen = mtd_oobavail(mtd, ops);
+
+ /* Do not allow read past end of device */
+ if (ops->datbuf && (from + ops->len) > mtd->size) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "attempt to read beyond end of device\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (unlikely(ops->ooboffs >= maxooblen)) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "attempt to start read outside oob\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (unlikely(from >= mtd->size ||
+ ops->ooboffs + ops->ooblen > ((mtd->size >> mtd->writesize_shift) -
+ (from >> mtd->writesize_shift)) * maxooblen)) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "attempt to read beyond end of device\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ mutex_lock(&msm->lock);
+ ret = mtk_snand_mtd_read_data(msm, from, ops);
+ mutex_unlock(&msm->lock);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_write_data(struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm, uint64_t addr,
+ struct mtd_oob_ops *ops)
+{
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = &msm->mtd;
+ size_t len, ooblen, maxooblen, chklen, oobwrlen;
+ uint32_t col, ooboffs;
+ uint8_t *datcache, *oobcache;
+ bool raw = ops->mode == MTD_OPS_RAW ? true : false;
+ int ret;
+
+ col = addr & mtd->writesize_mask;
+ addr &= ~mtd->writesize_mask;
+ maxooblen = mtd_oobavail(mtd, ops);
+ ooboffs = ops->ooboffs;
+ ooblen = ops->ooblen;
+ len = ops->len;
+
+ datcache = len ? msm->page_cache : NULL;
+ oobcache = ooblen ? msm->page_cache + mtd->writesize : NULL;
+
+ ops->oobretlen = 0;
+ ops->retlen = 0;
+
+ while (len || ooblen) {
+ if (len) {
+ /* Move data */
+ chklen = mtd->writesize - col;
+ if (chklen > len)
+ chklen = len;
+
+ memset(datcache, 0xff, col);
+ memcpy(datcache + col, ops->datbuf + ops->retlen,
+ chklen);
+ memset(datcache + col + chklen, 0xff,
+ mtd->writesize - col - chklen);
+ len -= chklen;
+ col = 0; /* (col + chklen) % */
+ ops->retlen += chklen;
+ }
+
+ oobwrlen = 0;
+ if (ooblen) {
+ /* Move oob */
+ chklen = maxooblen - ooboffs;
+ if (chklen > ooblen)
+ chklen = ooblen;
+
+ memset(oobcache, 0xff, ooboffs);
+ memcpy(oobcache + ooboffs,
+ ops->oobbuf + ops->oobretlen, chklen);
+ memset(oobcache + ooboffs + chklen, 0xff,
+ mtd->oobsize - ooboffs - chklen);
+ oobwrlen = chklen + ooboffs;
+ ooblen -= chklen;
+ ooboffs = 0; /* (ooboffs + chklen) % maxooblen; */
+ ops->oobretlen += chklen;
+ }
+
+ if (ops->mode == MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB)
+ ret = mtk_snand_write_page_auto_oob(msm->snf, addr,
+ datcache, oobcache, oobwrlen, NULL, raw);
+ else
+ ret = mtk_snand_write_page(msm->snf, addr, datcache,
+ oobcache, raw);
+
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ addr += mtd->writesize;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to,
+ struct mtd_oob_ops *ops)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+ uint32_t maxooblen;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (!ops->oobbuf && !ops->datbuf) {
+ if (ops->ooblen || ops->len)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ switch (ops->mode) {
+ case MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB:
+ case MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB:
+ case MTD_OPS_RAW:
+ break;
+ default:
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unsupported oob mode: %u\n", ops->mode);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ maxooblen = mtd_oobavail(mtd, ops);
+
+ /* Do not allow write past end of device */
+ if (ops->datbuf && (to + ops->len) > mtd->size) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "attempt to write beyond end of device\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (unlikely(ops->ooboffs >= maxooblen)) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "attempt to start write outside oob\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (unlikely(to >= mtd->size ||
+ ops->ooboffs + ops->ooblen > ((mtd->size >> mtd->writesize_shift) -
+ (to >> mtd->writesize_shift)) * maxooblen)) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "attempt to write beyond end of device\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ mutex_lock(&msm->lock);
+ ret = mtk_snand_mtd_write_data(msm, to, ops);
+ mutex_unlock(&msm->lock);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_block_isbad(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+ int ret;
+
+ mutex_lock(&msm->lock);
+ ret = mtk_snand_block_isbad(msm->snf, offs);
+ mutex_unlock(&msm->lock);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_mtd_block_markbad(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t offs)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+ int ret;
+
+ mutex_lock(&msm->lock);
+ ret = mtk_snand_block_markbad(msm->snf, offs);
+ mutex_unlock(&msm->lock);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_ooblayout_ecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, int section,
+ struct mtd_oob_region *oobecc)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+
+ if (section)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ oobecc->offset = msm->cinfo.fdm_size * msm->cinfo.num_sectors;
+ oobecc->length = mtd->oobsize - oobecc->offset;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_ooblayout_free(struct mtd_info *mtd, int section,
+ struct mtd_oob_region *oobfree)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = mtd_to_msm(mtd);
+
+ if (section >= msm->cinfo.num_sectors)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ oobfree->length = msm->cinfo.fdm_size - 1;
+ oobfree->offset = section * msm->cinfo.fdm_size + 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static irqreturn_t mtk_snand_irq(int irq, void *id)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = id;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = mtk_snand_irq_process(msm->snf);
+ if (ret > 0)
+ return IRQ_HANDLED;
+
+ return IRQ_NONE;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_enable_clk(struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = clk_prepare_enable(msm->nfi_clk);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unable to enable nfi clk\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ ret = clk_prepare_enable(msm->pad_clk);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unable to enable pad clk\n");
+ clk_disable_unprepare(msm->nfi_clk);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ ret = clk_prepare_enable(msm->ecc_clk);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unable to enable ecc clk\n");
+ clk_disable_unprepare(msm->nfi_clk);
+ clk_disable_unprepare(msm->pad_clk);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void mtk_snand_disable_clk(struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm)
+{
+ clk_disable_unprepare(msm->nfi_clk);
+ clk_disable_unprepare(msm->pad_clk);
+ clk_disable_unprepare(msm->ecc_clk);
+}
+
+static const struct mtd_ooblayout_ops mtk_snand_ooblayout = {
+ .ecc = mtk_snand_ooblayout_ecc,
+ .free = mtk_snand_ooblayout_free,
+};
+
+static struct mtk_snand_of_id mt7622_soc_id = { .soc = SNAND_SOC_MT7622 };
+static struct mtk_snand_of_id mt7629_soc_id = { .soc = SNAND_SOC_MT7629 };
+
+static const struct of_device_id mtk_snand_ids[] = {
+ { .compatible = "mediatek,mt7622-snand", .data = &mt7622_soc_id },
+ { .compatible = "mediatek,mt7629-snand", .data = &mt7629_soc_id },
+ { },
+};
+
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, mtk_snand_ids);
+
+static int mtk_snand_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_platdata mtk_snand_pdata = {};
+ struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node;
+ const struct of_device_id *of_soc_id;
+ const struct mtk_snand_of_id *soc_id;
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm;
+ struct mtd_info *mtd;
+ struct resource *r;
+ uint32_t size;
+ int ret;
+
+ of_soc_id = of_match_node(mtk_snand_ids, np);
+ if (!of_soc_id)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ soc_id = of_soc_id->data;
+
+ msm = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*msm), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!msm)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, "nfi");
+ msm->nfi_regs = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, r);
+ if (IS_ERR(msm->nfi_regs)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(msm->nfi_regs);
+ goto errout1;
+ }
+
+ r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, "ecc");
+ msm->ecc_regs = devm_ioremap_resource(&pdev->dev, r);
+ if (IS_ERR(msm->ecc_regs)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(msm->ecc_regs);
+ goto errout1;
+ }
+
+ msm->pdev.dev = &pdev->dev;
+ msm->quad_spi = of_property_read_bool(np, "mediatek,quad-spi");
+ msm->soc = soc_id->soc;
+
+ msm->nfi_clk = devm_clk_get(msm->pdev.dev, "nfi_clk");
+ if (IS_ERR(msm->nfi_clk)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(msm->nfi_clk);
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unable to get nfi_clk, err = %d\n",
+ ret);
+ goto errout1;
+ }
+
+ msm->ecc_clk = devm_clk_get(msm->pdev.dev, "ecc_clk");
+ if (IS_ERR(msm->ecc_clk)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(msm->ecc_clk);
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unable to get ecc_clk, err = %d\n",
+ ret);
+ goto errout1;
+ }
+
+ msm->pad_clk = devm_clk_get(msm->pdev.dev, "pad_clk");
+ if (IS_ERR(msm->pad_clk)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(msm->pad_clk);
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "unable to get pad_clk, err = %d\n",
+ ret);
+ goto errout1;
+ }
+
+ ret = mtk_snand_enable_clk(msm);
+ if (ret)
+ goto errout1;
+
+ /* Probe SPI-NAND Flash */
+ mtk_snand_pdata.soc = msm->soc;
+ mtk_snand_pdata.quad_spi = msm->quad_spi;
+ mtk_snand_pdata.nfi_base = msm->nfi_regs;
+ mtk_snand_pdata.ecc_base = msm->ecc_regs;
+
+ ret = mtk_snand_init(&msm->pdev, &mtk_snand_pdata, &msm->snf);
+ if (ret)
+ goto errout1;
+
+ msm->irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0);
+ if (msm->irq >= 0) {
+ ret = devm_request_irq(msm->pdev.dev, msm->irq, mtk_snand_irq,
+ 0x0, "mtk-snand", msm);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "failed to request snfi irq\n");
+ goto errout2;
+ }
+
+ ret = dma_set_mask(msm->pdev.dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32));
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "failed to set dma mask\n");
+ goto errout3;
+ }
+ }
+
+ mtk_snand_get_chip_info(msm->snf, &msm->cinfo);
+
+ size = msm->cinfo.pagesize + msm->cinfo.sparesize;
+ msm->page_cache = devm_kmalloc(msm->pdev.dev, size, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!msm->page_cache) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "failed to allocate page cache\n");
+ ret = -ENOMEM;
+ goto errout3;
+ }
+
+ mutex_init(&msm->lock);
+
+ dev_info(msm->pdev.dev,
+ "chip is %s, size %lluMB, page size %u, oob size %u\n",
+ msm->cinfo.model, msm->cinfo.chipsize >> 20,
+ msm->cinfo.pagesize, msm->cinfo.sparesize);
+
+ /* Initialize mtd for SPI-NAND */
+ mtd = &msm->mtd;
+
+ mtd->owner = THIS_MODULE;
+ mtd->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
+ mtd->type = MTD_NANDFLASH;
+ mtd->flags = MTD_CAP_NANDFLASH;
+
+ mtd_set_of_node(mtd, np);
+
+ mtd->size = msm->cinfo.chipsize;
+ mtd->erasesize = msm->cinfo.blocksize;
+ mtd->writesize = msm->cinfo.pagesize;
+ mtd->writebufsize = mtd->writesize;
+ mtd->oobsize = msm->cinfo.sparesize;
+ mtd->oobavail = msm->cinfo.num_sectors * (msm->cinfo.fdm_size - 1);
+
+ mtd->erasesize_shift = ffs(mtd->erasesize) - 1;
+ mtd->writesize_shift = ffs(mtd->writesize) - 1;
+ mtd->erasesize_mask = (1 << mtd->erasesize_shift) - 1;
+ mtd->writesize_mask = (1 << mtd->writesize_shift) - 1;
+
+ mtd->ooblayout = &mtk_snand_ooblayout;
+
+ mtd->ecc_strength = msm->cinfo.ecc_strength;
+ mtd->bitflip_threshold = (mtd->ecc_strength * 3) / 4;
+ mtd->ecc_step_size = msm->cinfo.sector_size;
+
+ mtd->_erase = mtk_snand_mtd_erase;
+ mtd->_read_oob = mtk_snand_mtd_read_oob;
+ mtd->_write_oob = mtk_snand_mtd_write_oob;
+ mtd->_block_isbad = mtk_snand_mtd_block_isbad;
+ mtd->_block_markbad = mtk_snand_mtd_block_markbad;
+
+ ret = mtd_device_register(mtd, NULL, 0);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(msm->pdev.dev, "failed to register mtd partition\n");
+ goto errout4;
+ }
+
+ platform_set_drvdata(pdev, msm);
+
+ return 0;
+
+errout4:
+ devm_kfree(msm->pdev.dev, msm->page_cache);
+
+errout3:
+ if (msm->irq >= 0)
+ devm_free_irq(msm->pdev.dev, msm->irq, msm);
+
+errout2:
+ mtk_snand_cleanup(msm->snf);
+
+errout1:
+ devm_kfree(msm->pdev.dev, msm);
+
+ platform_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_snand_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+ struct mtk_snand_mtd *msm = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
+ struct mtd_info *mtd = &msm->mtd;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = mtd_device_unregister(mtd);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ mtk_snand_cleanup(msm->snf);
+
+ if (msm->irq >= 0)
+ devm_free_irq(msm->pdev.dev, msm->irq, msm);
+
+ mtk_snand_disable_clk(msm);
+
+ devm_kfree(msm->pdev.dev, msm->page_cache);
+ devm_kfree(msm->pdev.dev, msm);
+
+ platform_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static struct platform_driver mtk_snand_driver = {
+ .probe = mtk_snand_probe,
+ .remove = mtk_snand_remove,
+ .driver = {
+ .name = "mtk-snand",
+ .of_match_table = mtk_snand_ids,
+ },
+};
+
+module_platform_driver(mtk_snand_driver);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Weijie Gao <weijie.gao@mediatek.com>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MeidaTek SPI-NAND Flash Controller Driver");