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Diffstat (limited to 'tools/firmware-utils/src/tplink-safeloader.c')
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/firmware-utils/src/tplink-safeloader.c | 559 |
1 files changed, 559 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tools/firmware-utils/src/tplink-safeloader.c b/tools/firmware-utils/src/tplink-safeloader.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77a894b --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/firmware-utils/src/tplink-safeloader.c @@ -0,0 +1,559 @@ +/* + Copyright (c) 2014, Matthias Schiffer <mschiffer@universe-factory.net> + All rights reserved. + + Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without + modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: + + 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, + this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. + 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, + this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation + and/or other materials provided with the distribution. + + THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" + AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE + IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE + DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE + FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL + DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR + SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER + CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, + OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE + OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. +*/ + + +/* + tplink-safeloader + + Image generation tool for the TP-LINK SafeLoader as seen on + TP-LINK Pharos devices (CPE210/220/510/520) +*/ + + +#include <assert.h> +#include <errno.h> +#include <stdbool.h> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdint.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <time.h> +#include <unistd.h> + +#include <arpa/inet.h> + +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> + +#include "md5.h" + + +#define ALIGN(x,a) ({ typeof(a) __a = (a); (((x) + __a - 1) & ~(__a - 1)); }) + + +/** An image partition table entry */ +struct image_partition_entry { + const char *name; + size_t size; + uint8_t *data; +}; + +/** A flash partition table entry */ +struct flash_partition_entry { + const char *name; + uint32_t base; + uint32_t size; +}; + + +/** The content of the soft-version structure */ +struct __attribute__((__packed__)) soft_version { + uint32_t magic; + uint32_t zero; + uint8_t pad1; + uint8_t version_major; + uint8_t version_minor; + uint8_t version_patch; + uint8_t year_hi; + uint8_t year_lo; + uint8_t month; + uint8_t day; + uint32_t rev; + uint8_t pad2; +}; + + +static const uint8_t jffs2_eof_mark[4] = {0xde, 0xad, 0xc0, 0xde}; + + +/** + Salt for the MD5 hash + + Fortunately, TP-LINK seems to use the same salt for most devices which use + the new image format. +*/ +static const uint8_t md5_salt[16] = { + 0x7a, 0x2b, 0x15, 0xed, + 0x9b, 0x98, 0x59, 0x6d, + 0xe5, 0x04, 0xab, 0x44, + 0xac, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0x4e, +}; + + +/** Vendor information for CPE210/220/510/520 */ +static const char cpe510_vendor[] = "CPE510(TP-LINK|UN|N300-5):1.0\r\n"; + + +/** + The flash partition table for CPE210/220/510/520; + it is the same as the one used by the stock images. +*/ +static const struct flash_partition_entry cpe510_partitions[] = { + {"fs-uboot", 0x00000, 0x20000}, + {"partition-table", 0x20000, 0x02000}, + {"default-mac", 0x30000, 0x00020}, + {"product-info", 0x31100, 0x00100}, + {"signature", 0x32000, 0x00400}, + {"os-image", 0x40000, 0x170000}, + {"soft-version", 0x1b0000, 0x00100}, + {"support-list", 0x1b1000, 0x00400}, + {"file-system", 0x1c0000, 0x600000}, + {"user-config", 0x7c0000, 0x10000}, + {"default-config", 0x7d0000, 0x10000}, + {"log", 0x7e0000, 0x10000}, + {"radio", 0x7f0000, 0x10000}, + {NULL, 0, 0} +}; + +/** + The support list for CPE210/220/510/520 +*/ +static const char cpe510_support_list[] = + "SupportList:\r\n" + "CPE510(TP-LINK|UN|N300-5):1.0\r\n" + "CPE510(TP-LINK|UN|N300-5):1.1\r\n" + "CPE520(TP-LINK|UN|N300-5):1.0\r\n" + "CPE520(TP-LINK|UN|N300-5):1.1\r\n" + "CPE210(TP-LINK|UN|N300-2):1.0\r\n" + "CPE210(TP-LINK|UN|N300-2):1.1\r\n" + "CPE220(TP-LINK|UN|N300-2):1.0\r\n" + "CPE220(TP-LINK|UN|N300-2):1.1\r\n"; + +#define error(_ret, _errno, _str, ...) \ + do { \ + fprintf(stderr, _str ": %s\n", ## __VA_ARGS__, \ + strerror(_errno)); \ + if (_ret) \ + exit(_ret); \ + } while (0) + + +/** Stores a uint32 as big endian */ +static inline void put32(uint8_t *buf, uint32_t val) { + buf[0] = val >> 24; + buf[1] = val >> 16; + buf[2] = val >> 8; + buf[3] = val; +} + +/** Allocates a new image partition */ +static struct image_partition_entry alloc_image_partition(const char *name, size_t len) { + struct image_partition_entry entry = {name, len, malloc(len)}; + if (!entry.data) + error(1, errno, "malloc"); + + return entry; +} + +/** Frees an image partition */ +static void free_image_partition(struct image_partition_entry entry) { + free(entry.data); +} + +/** Generates the partition-table partition */ +static struct image_partition_entry make_partition_table(const struct flash_partition_entry *p) { + struct image_partition_entry entry = alloc_image_partition("partition-table", 0x800); + + char *s = (char *)entry.data, *end = (char *)(s+entry.size); + + *(s++) = 0x00; + *(s++) = 0x04; + *(s++) = 0x00; + *(s++) = 0x00; + + size_t i; + for (i = 0; p[i].name; i++) { + size_t len = end-s; + size_t w = snprintf(s, len, "partition %s base 0x%05x size 0x%05x\n", p[i].name, p[i].base, p[i].size); + + if (w > len-1) + error(1, 0, "flash partition table overflow?"); + + s += w; + } + + s++; + + memset(s, 0xff, end-s); + + return entry; +} + + +/** Generates a binary-coded decimal representation of an integer in the range [0, 99] */ +static inline uint8_t bcd(uint8_t v) { + return 0x10 * (v/10) + v%10; +} + + +/** Generates the soft-version partition */ +static struct image_partition_entry make_soft_version(uint32_t rev) { + struct image_partition_entry entry = alloc_image_partition("soft-version", sizeof(struct soft_version)); + struct soft_version *s = (struct soft_version *)entry.data; + + time_t t; + + if (time(&t) == (time_t)(-1)) + error(1, errno, "time"); + + struct tm *tm = localtime(&t); + + s->magic = htonl(0x0000000c); + s->zero = 0; + s->pad1 = 0xff; + + s->version_major = 0; + s->version_minor = 0; + s->version_patch = 0; + + s->year_hi = bcd((1900+tm->tm_year)/100); + s->year_lo = bcd(tm->tm_year%100); + s->month = bcd(tm->tm_mon+1); + s->day = bcd(tm->tm_mday); + s->rev = htonl(rev); + + s->pad2 = 0xff; + + return entry; +} + +/** Generates the support-list partition */ +static struct image_partition_entry make_support_list(const char *support_list) { + size_t len = strlen(support_list); + struct image_partition_entry entry = alloc_image_partition("support-list", len + 9); + + put32(entry.data, len); + memset(entry.data+4, 0, 4); + memcpy(entry.data+8, support_list, len); + entry.data[len+8] = '\xff'; + + return entry; +} + +/** Creates a new image partition with an arbitrary name from a file */ +static struct image_partition_entry read_file(const char *part_name, const char *filename, bool add_jffs2_eof) { + struct stat statbuf; + + if (stat(filename, &statbuf) < 0) + error(1, errno, "unable to stat file `%s'", filename); + + size_t len = statbuf.st_size; + + if (add_jffs2_eof) + len = ALIGN(len, 0x10000) + sizeof(jffs2_eof_mark); + + struct image_partition_entry entry = alloc_image_partition(part_name, len); + + FILE *file = fopen(filename, "rb"); + if (!file) + error(1, errno, "unable to open file `%s'", filename); + + if (fread(entry.data, statbuf.st_size, 1, file) != 1) + error(1, errno, "unable to read file `%s'", filename); + + if (add_jffs2_eof) { + uint8_t *eof = entry.data + statbuf.st_size, *end = entry.data+entry.size; + + memset(eof, 0xff, end - eof - sizeof(jffs2_eof_mark)); + memcpy(end - sizeof(jffs2_eof_mark), jffs2_eof_mark, sizeof(jffs2_eof_mark)); + } + + fclose(file); + + return entry; +} + + +/** + Copies a list of image partitions into an image buffer and generates the image partition table while doing so + + Example image partition table: + + fwup-ptn partition-table base 0x00800 size 0x00800 + fwup-ptn os-image base 0x01000 size 0x113b45 + fwup-ptn file-system base 0x114b45 size 0x1d0004 + fwup-ptn support-list base 0x2e4b49 size 0x000d1 + + Each line of the partition table is terminated with the bytes 09 0d 0a ("\t\r\n"), + the end of the partition table is marked with a zero byte. + + The firmware image must contain at least the partition-table and support-list partitions + to be accepted. There aren't any alignment constraints for the image partitions. + + The partition-table partition contains the actual flash layout; partitions + from the image partition table are mapped to the corresponding flash partitions during + the firmware upgrade. The support-list partition contains a list of devices supported by + the firmware image. + + The base offsets in the firmware partition table are relative to the end + of the vendor information block, so the partition-table partition will + actually start at offset 0x1814 of the image. + + I think partition-table must be the first partition in the firmware image. +*/ +static void put_partitions(uint8_t *buffer, const struct image_partition_entry *parts) { + size_t i; + char *image_pt = (char *)buffer, *end = image_pt + 0x800; + + size_t base = 0x800; + for (i = 0; parts[i].name; i++) { + memcpy(buffer + base, parts[i].data, parts[i].size); + + size_t len = end-image_pt; + size_t w = snprintf(image_pt, len, "fwup-ptn %s base 0x%05x size 0x%05x\t\r\n", parts[i].name, (unsigned)base, (unsigned)parts[i].size); + + if (w > len-1) + error(1, 0, "image partition table overflow?"); + + image_pt += w; + + base += parts[i].size; + } + + image_pt++; + + memset(image_pt, 0xff, end-image_pt); +} + +/** Generates and writes the image MD5 checksum */ +static void put_md5(uint8_t *md5, uint8_t *buffer, unsigned int len) { + MD5_CTX ctx; + + MD5_Init(&ctx); + MD5_Update(&ctx, md5_salt, (unsigned int)sizeof(md5_salt)); + MD5_Update(&ctx, buffer, len); + MD5_Final(md5, &ctx); +} + + +/** + Generates the firmware image in factory format + + Image format: + + Bytes (hex) Usage + ----------- ----- + 0000-0003 Image size (4 bytes, big endian) + 0004-0013 MD5 hash (hash of a 16 byte salt and the image data starting with byte 0x14) + 0014-0017 Vendor information length (without padding) (4 bytes, big endian) + 0018-1013 Vendor information (4092 bytes, padded with 0xff; there seem to be older + (VxWorks-based) TP-LINK devices which use a smaller vendor information block) + 1014-1813 Image partition table (2048 bytes, padded with 0xff) + 1814-xxxx Firmware partitions +*/ +static void * generate_factory_image(const char *vendor, const struct image_partition_entry *parts, size_t *len) { + *len = 0x1814; + + size_t i; + for (i = 0; parts[i].name; i++) + *len += parts[i].size; + + uint8_t *image = malloc(*len); + if (!image) + error(1, errno, "malloc"); + + put32(image, *len); + + size_t vendor_len = strlen(vendor); + put32(image+0x14, vendor_len); + memcpy(image+0x18, vendor, vendor_len); + memset(image+0x18+vendor_len, 0xff, 4092-vendor_len); + + put_partitions(image + 0x1014, parts); + put_md5(image+0x04, image+0x14, *len-0x14); + + return image; +} + +/** + Generates the firmware image in sysupgrade format + + This makes some assumptions about the provided flash and image partition tables and + should be generalized when TP-LINK starts building its safeloader into hardware with + different flash layouts. +*/ +static void * generate_sysupgrade_image(const struct flash_partition_entry *flash_parts, const struct image_partition_entry *image_parts, size_t *len) { + const struct flash_partition_entry *flash_os_image = &flash_parts[5]; + const struct flash_partition_entry *flash_soft_version = &flash_parts[6]; + const struct flash_partition_entry *flash_support_list = &flash_parts[7]; + const struct flash_partition_entry *flash_file_system = &flash_parts[8]; + + const struct image_partition_entry *image_os_image = &image_parts[3]; + const struct image_partition_entry *image_soft_version = &image_parts[1]; + const struct image_partition_entry *image_support_list = &image_parts[2]; + const struct image_partition_entry *image_file_system = &image_parts[4]; + + assert(strcmp(flash_os_image->name, "os-image") == 0); + assert(strcmp(flash_soft_version->name, "soft-version") == 0); + assert(strcmp(flash_support_list->name, "support-list") == 0); + assert(strcmp(flash_file_system->name, "file-system") == 0); + + assert(strcmp(image_os_image->name, "os-image") == 0); + assert(strcmp(image_soft_version->name, "soft-version") == 0); + assert(strcmp(image_support_list->name, "support-list") == 0); + assert(strcmp(image_file_system->name, "file-system") == 0); + + if (image_os_image->size > flash_os_image->size) + error(1, 0, "kernel image too big (more than %u bytes)", (unsigned)flash_os_image->size); + if (image_file_system->size > flash_file_system->size) + error(1, 0, "rootfs image too big (more than %u bytes)", (unsigned)flash_file_system->size); + + *len = flash_file_system->base - flash_os_image->base + image_file_system->size; + + uint8_t *image = malloc(*len); + if (!image) + error(1, errno, "malloc"); + + memset(image, 0xff, *len); + + memcpy(image, image_os_image->data, image_os_image->size); + memcpy(image + flash_soft_version->base - flash_os_image->base, image_soft_version->data, image_soft_version->size); + memcpy(image + flash_support_list->base - flash_os_image->base, image_support_list->data, image_support_list->size); + memcpy(image + flash_file_system->base - flash_os_image->base, image_file_system->data, image_file_system->size); + + return image; +} + + +/** Generates an image for CPE210/220/510/520 and writes it to a file */ +static void do_cpe510(const char *output, const char *kernel_image, const char *rootfs_image, uint32_t rev, bool add_jffs2_eof, bool sysupgrade) { + struct image_partition_entry parts[6] = {}; + + parts[0] = make_partition_table(cpe510_partitions); + parts[1] = make_soft_version(rev); + parts[2] = make_support_list(cpe510_support_list); + parts[3] = read_file("os-image", kernel_image, false); + parts[4] = read_file("file-system", rootfs_image, add_jffs2_eof); + + size_t len; + void *image; + if (sysupgrade) + image = generate_sysupgrade_image(cpe510_partitions, parts, &len); + else + image = generate_factory_image(cpe510_vendor, parts, &len); + + FILE *file = fopen(output, "wb"); + if (!file) + error(1, errno, "unable to open output file"); + + if (fwrite(image, len, 1, file) != 1) + error(1, 0, "unable to write output file"); + + fclose(file); + + free(image); + + size_t i; + for (i = 0; parts[i].name; i++) + free_image_partition(parts[i]); +} + + +/** Usage output */ +static void usage(const char *argv0) { + fprintf(stderr, + "Usage: %s [OPTIONS...]\n" + "\n" + "Options:\n" + " -B <board> create image for the board specified with <board>\n" + " -k <file> read kernel image from the file <file>\n" + " -r <file> read rootfs image from the file <file>\n" + " -o <file> write output to the file <file>\n" + " -V <rev> sets the revision number to <rev>\n" + " -j add jffs2 end-of-filesystem markers\n" + " -S create sysupgrade instead of factory image\n" + " -h show this help\n", + argv0 + ); +}; + + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + const char *board = NULL, *kernel_image = NULL, *rootfs_image = NULL, *output = NULL; + bool add_jffs2_eof = false, sysupgrade = false; + unsigned rev = 0; + + while (true) { + int c; + + c = getopt(argc, argv, "B:k:r:o:V:jSh"); + if (c == -1) + break; + + switch (c) { + case 'B': + board = optarg; + break; + + case 'k': + kernel_image = optarg; + break; + + case 'r': + rootfs_image = optarg; + break; + + case 'o': + output = optarg; + break; + + case 'V': + sscanf(optarg, "r%u", &rev); + break; + + case 'j': + add_jffs2_eof = true; + break; + + case 'S': + sysupgrade = true; + break; + + case 'h': + usage(argv[0]); + return 0; + + default: + usage(argv[0]); + return 1; + } + } + + if (!board) + error(1, 0, "no board has been specified"); + if (!kernel_image) + error(1, 0, "no kernel image has been specified"); + if (!rootfs_image) + error(1, 0, "no rootfs image has been specified"); + if (!output) + error(1, 0, "no output filename has been specified"); + + if (strcmp(board, "CPE510") == 0) + do_cpe510(output, kernel_image, rootfs_image, rev, add_jffs2_eof, sysupgrade); + else + error(1, 0, "unsupported board %s", board); + + return 0; +} |