remove support for ipp2p - it's unmaintained, broken, overmatching and undermatching => not that useful for QoS

git-svn-id: svn://svn.openwrt.org/openwrt/trunk@14596 3c298f89-4303-0410-b956-a3cf2f4a3e73

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 457 deletions

diff --git a/package/iptables/patches/1.3.8/001-ipp2p_0.8.1rc1.patch b/package/iptables/patches/1.3.8/001-ipp2p_0.8.1rc1.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index e8c82c2155..0000000000
--- a/package/iptables/patches/1.3.8/001-ipp2p_0.8.1rc1.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,457 +0,0 @@
-Index: iptables-1.3.8/extensions/Makefile
-===================================================================
---- iptables-1.3.8.orig/extensions/Makefile
-+++ iptables-1.3.8/extensions/Makefile
-@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ PF_EXT_SE_SLIB:=SECMARK CONNSECMARK
- PF6_EXT_SE_SLIB:=SECMARK CONNSECMARK
- endif
- 
-+
-+# ipp2p
-+PF_EXT_SLIB += ipp2p
-+
- # Optionals
- PF_EXT_SLIB_OPTS:=$(foreach T,$(wildcard extensions/.*-test),$(shell KERNEL_DIR=$(KERNEL_DIR) $(T)))
- PF6_EXT_SLIB_OPTS:=$(foreach T,$(wildcard extensions/.*-test6),$(shell KERNEL_DIR=$(KERNEL_DIR) $(T)))
-Index: iptables-1.3.8/extensions/libipt_ipp2p.c
-===================================================================
---- /dev/null
-+++ iptables-1.3.8/extensions/libipt_ipp2p.c
-@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
-+
-+#include <stdio.h>
-+#include <netdb.h>
-+#include <string.h>
-+#include <stdlib.h>
-+#include <getopt.h>
-+#include <ctype.h>
-+
-+#include <iptables.h>
-+
-+#include <linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ipp2p.h>
-+
-+static void
-+help(void)
-+{
-+    printf(
-+    "IPP2P v%s options:\n"
-+    " --ipp2p	Grab all known p2p packets\n"
-+    " --edk		[TCP&UDP]	All known eDonkey/eMule/Overnet packets\n"
-+    " --dc		[TCP] 		All known Direct Connect packets\n"
-+    " --kazaa	[TCP&UDP] 	All known KaZaA packets\n"
-+    " --gnu		[TCP&UDP]	All known Gnutella packets\n"
-+    " --bit		[TCP&UDP]	All known BitTorrent packets\n"
-+    " --apple	[TCP] 		All known AppleJuice packets\n"
-+    " --winmx	[TCP] 		All known WinMX\n"
-+    " --soul		[TCP] 		All known SoulSeek\n"
-+    " --ares		[TCP] 		All known Ares\n\n"
-+    " EXPERIMENTAL protocols (please send feedback to: ipp2p@ipp2p.org) :\n"
-+    " --mute		[TCP]		All known Mute packets\n"
-+    " --waste	[TCP]		All known Waste packets\n"
-+    " --xdcc		[TCP]		All known XDCC packets (only xdcc login)\n\n"
-+    " DEBUG SUPPPORT, use only if you know why\n"
-+    " --debug		Generate kernel debug output, THIS WILL SLOW DOWN THE FILTER\n"
-+    "\nNote that the follwing options will have the same meaning:\n"
-+    " '--ipp2p' is equal to '--edk --dc --kazaa --gnu --bit --apple --winmx --soul --ares'\n"
-+    "\nIPP2P was intended for TCP only. Due to increasing usage of UDP we needed to change this.\n"
-+    "You can now use -p udp to search UDP packets only or without -p switch to search UDP and TCP packets.\n"
-+    "\nSee README included with this package for more details or visit http://www.ipp2p.org\n"
-+    "\nExamples:\n"
-+    " iptables -A FORWARD -m ipp2p --ipp2p -j MARK --set-mark 0x01\n"
-+    " iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -m ipp2p --kazaa --bit -j DROP\n"
-+    " iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -m ipp2p --edk --soul -j DROP\n\n"
-+    , IPP2P_VERSION);
-+}
-+
-+static struct option opts[] = {
-+        { "ipp2p", 0, 0, '1' },
-+        { "edk", 0, 0, '2' },	
-+	{ "dc", 0, 0, '7' },
-+	{ "gnu", 0, 0, '9' },
-+	{ "kazaa", 0, 0, 'a' },
-+	{ "bit", 0, 0, 'b' },
-+	{ "apple", 0, 0, 'c' },	
-+	{ "soul", 0, 0, 'd' },	
-+	{ "winmx", 0, 0, 'e' },	
-+	{ "ares", 0, 0, 'f' },
-+	{ "mute", 0, 0, 'g' },
-+	{ "waste", 0, 0, 'h' },
-+	{ "xdcc", 0, 0, 'i' },
-+	{ "debug", 0, 0, 'j' },
-+        {0}
-+};
-+
-+	
-+
-+static void
-+init(struct ipt_entry_match *m, unsigned int *nfcache)
-+{
-+    struct ipt_p2p_info *info = (struct ipt_p2p_info *)m->data;
-+
-+    *nfcache |= NFC_UNKNOWN;
-+
-+    /*init the module with default values*/
-+    info->cmd = 0;
-+    info->debug = 0;
-+
-+}
-+	
-+
-+static int
-+parse(int c, char **argv, int invert, unsigned int *flags,
-+	const struct ipt_entry *entry,
-+	unsigned int *nfcache,
-+	struct ipt_entry_match **match)
-+{
-+    struct ipt_p2p_info *info = (struct ipt_p2p_info *)(*match)->data;
-+    
-+    switch (c) {
-+	case '1':		/*cmd: ipp2p*/
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified once!");
-+/*	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p-data' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");*/
-+	    if ((*flags) != 0)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+	    *flags += SHORT_HAND_IPP2P;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;
-+	    
-+	case '2':		/*cmd: edk*/
-+	    if ((*flags & IPP2P_EDK) == IPP2P_EDK)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--edk' may only be "
-+				"specified once");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+/*	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p-data' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_DATA_EDK) == IPP2P_DATA_EDK)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: use `--edk' OR `--edk-data' but not both of them!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+	    *flags += IPP2P_EDK;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;	    
-+	    break;
-+
-+
-+	case '7':		/*cmd: dc*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_DC) == IPP2P_DC)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--dc' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+/*	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p-data' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_DATA_DC) == IPP2P_DATA_DC)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: use `--dc' OR `--dc-data' but not both of them!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_DC;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;
-+
-+
-+	case '9':		/*cmd: gnu*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_GNU) == IPP2P_GNU)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--gnu' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+/*	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p-data' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");*/
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_DATA_GNU) == IPP2P_DATA_GNU)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: use `--gnu' OR `--gnu-data' but not both of them!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_GNU;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;
-+
-+	case 'a':		/*cmd: kazaa*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_KAZAA) == IPP2P_KAZAA)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--kazaa' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+/*	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p-data' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");*/
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA) == IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: use `--kazaa' OR `--kazaa-data' but not both of them!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_KAZAA;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+	case 'b':		/*cmd: bit*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_BIT) == IPP2P_BIT)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--bit' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_BIT;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+	case 'c':		/*cmd: apple*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_APPLE) == IPP2P_APPLE)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--apple' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_APPLE;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+
-+	case 'd':		/*cmd: soul*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_SOUL) == IPP2P_SOUL)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--soul' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_SOUL;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+
-+	case 'e':		/*cmd: winmx*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_WINMX) == IPP2P_WINMX)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--winmx' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_WINMX;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+	case 'f':		/*cmd: ares*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_ARES) == IPP2P_ARES)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--ares' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if ((*flags & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P)
-+		    exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+				"ipp2p: `--ipp2p' may only be "
-+				"specified alone!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_ARES;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+	
-+	case 'g':		/*cmd: mute*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_MUTE) == IPP2P_MUTE)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--mute' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_MUTE;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+	case 'h':		/*cmd: waste*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_WASTE) == IPP2P_WASTE)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--waste' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_WASTE;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+	case 'i':		/*cmd: xdcc*/
-+            if ((*flags & IPP2P_XDCC) == IPP2P_XDCC)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+                                "ipp2p: `--ares' may only be "
-+                                "specified once!");
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+            *flags += IPP2P_XDCC;
-+	    info->cmd = *flags;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+	case 'j':		/*cmd: debug*/
-+	    if (invert) exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM, "ipp2p: invert [!] is not allowed!");
-+	    info->debug = 1;
-+	    break;																											
-+
-+	default:
-+//            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+//	    "\nipp2p-parameter problem: for ipp2p usage type: iptables -m ipp2p --help\n");
-+	    return 0;
-+    }
-+    return 1;
-+}
-+
-+
-+static void
-+final_check(unsigned int flags)
-+{
-+    if (!flags)
-+            exit_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
-+	    "\nipp2p-parameter problem: for ipp2p usage type: iptables -m ipp2p --help\n");
-+}
-+
-+
-+
-+static void
-+print(const struct ipt_ip *ip,
-+        const struct ipt_entry_match *match,
-+	int numeric)
-+{
-+    struct ipt_p2p_info *info = (struct ipt_p2p_info *)match->data;
-+    
-+    printf("ipp2p v%s", IPP2P_VERSION);
-+    if ((info->cmd & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) printf(" --ipp2p");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA) printf(" --ipp2p-data");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_KAZAA) == IPP2P_KAZAA) printf(" --kazaa");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA) == IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA) printf(" --kazaa-data");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_GNU) == IPP2P_DATA_GNU) printf(" --gnu-data");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_GNU) == IPP2P_GNU) printf(" --gnu");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_EDK) == IPP2P_EDK) printf(" --edk");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_EDK) == IPP2P_DATA_EDK) printf(" --edk-data");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_DC) == IPP2P_DATA_DC) printf(" --dc-data");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DC) == IPP2P_DC) printf(" --dc");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_BIT) == IPP2P_BIT) printf(" --bit");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_APPLE) == IPP2P_APPLE) printf(" --apple");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_SOUL) == IPP2P_SOUL) printf(" --soul");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_WINMX) == IPP2P_WINMX) printf(" --winmx");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_ARES) == IPP2P_ARES) printf(" --ares");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_MUTE) == IPP2P_MUTE) printf(" --mute");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_WASTE) == IPP2P_WASTE) printf(" --waste");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_XDCC) == IPP2P_XDCC) printf(" --xdcc");
-+    if (info->debug != 0) printf(" --debug");
-+    printf(" ");
-+}
-+			    						   
-+
-+
-+static void
-+save(const struct ipt_ip *ip, const struct ipt_entry_match *match)
-+{
-+    struct ipt_p2p_info *info = (struct ipt_p2p_info *)match->data;
-+    
-+    if ((info->cmd & SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) == SHORT_HAND_IPP2P) printf("--ipp2p ");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & SHORT_HAND_DATA) == SHORT_HAND_DATA) printf("--ipp2p-data ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_KAZAA) == IPP2P_KAZAA) printf("--kazaa ");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA) == IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA) printf("--kazaa-data ");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_GNU) == IPP2P_DATA_GNU) printf("--gnu-data ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_GNU) == IPP2P_GNU) printf("--gnu ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_EDK) == IPP2P_EDK) printf("--edk ");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_EDK) == IPP2P_DATA_EDK) printf("--edk-data ");
-+//    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DATA_DC) == IPP2P_DATA_DC) printf("--dc-data ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_DC) == IPP2P_DC) printf("--dc ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_BIT) == IPP2P_BIT) printf("--bit ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_APPLE) == IPP2P_APPLE) printf("--apple ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_SOUL) == IPP2P_SOUL) printf("--soul ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_WINMX) == IPP2P_WINMX) printf("--winmx ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_ARES) == IPP2P_ARES) printf("--ares ");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_MUTE) == IPP2P_MUTE) printf(" --mute");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_WASTE) == IPP2P_WASTE) printf(" --waste");
-+    if ((info->cmd & IPP2P_XDCC) == IPP2P_XDCC) printf(" --xdcc");
-+    if (info->debug != 0) printf("--debug ");
-+}
-+
-+		
-+
-+
-+static 
-+struct iptables_match ipp2p= 
-+{ 
-+    .next           = NULL,
-+    .name           = "ipp2p",
-+    .version        = IPTABLES_VERSION,
-+    .size           = IPT_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ipt_p2p_info)),
-+    .userspacesize  = IPT_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ipt_p2p_info)),
-+    .help           = &help,
-+    .init           = &init,
-+    .parse          = &parse,
-+    .final_check    = &final_check,
-+    .print          = &print,
-+    .save           = &save,
-+    .extra_opts     = opts
-+};
-+					    
-+
-+
-+void _init(void)
-+{
-+    register_match(&ipp2p);
-+}
-+
-Index: iptables-1.3.8/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ipp2p.h
-===================================================================
---- /dev/null
-+++ iptables-1.3.8/include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ipp2p.h
-@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
-+#ifndef __IPT_IPP2P_H
-+#define __IPT_IPP2P_H
-+#define IPP2P_VERSION "0.8.1_rc1"
-+
-+struct ipt_p2p_info {
-+    int cmd;
-+    int debug;
-+};
-+
-+#endif //__IPT_IPP2P_H
-+
-+#define SHORT_HAND_IPP2P	1 /* --ipp2p switch*/
-+//#define SHORT_HAND_DATA		4 /* --ipp2p-data switch*/
-+#define SHORT_HAND_NONE		5 /* no short hand*/
-+
-+#define IPP2P_EDK		(1 << 1)
-+#define IPP2P_DATA_KAZAA	(1 << 2)
-+#define IPP2P_DATA_EDK		(1 << 3)
-+#define IPP2P_DATA_DC		(1 << 4)
-+#define IPP2P_DC		(1 << 5)
-+#define IPP2P_DATA_GNU		(1 << 6)
-+#define IPP2P_GNU		(1 << 7)
-+#define IPP2P_KAZAA		(1 << 8)
-+#define IPP2P_BIT		(1 << 9)
-+#define IPP2P_APPLE		(1 << 10)
-+#define IPP2P_SOUL		(1 << 11)
-+#define IPP2P_WINMX		(1 << 12)
-+#define IPP2P_ARES		(1 << 13)
-+#define IPP2P_MUTE		(1 << 14)
-+#define IPP2P_WASTE		(1 << 15)
-+#define IPP2P_XDCC		(1 << 16)