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#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import pexpect
import sys
import optparse
import time
from intelhex import IntelHex
# DFU Opcodes
class Commands:
START_DFU = 1
INITIALIZE_DFU = 2
RECEIVE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE = 3
VALIDATE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE = 4
ACTIVATE_FIRMWARE_AND_RESET = 5
SYSTEM_RESET = 6
def convert_uint32_to_array(value):
""" Convert a number into an array of 4 bytes (LSB). """
return [
(value >> 0 & 0xFF),
(value >> 8 & 0xFF),
(value >> 16 & 0xFF),
(value >> 24 & 0xFF)
]
def convert_uint16_to_array(value):
""" Convert a number into an array of 2 bytes (LSB). """
return [
(value >> 0 & 0xFF),
(value >> 8 & 0xFF)
]
def convert_array_to_hex_string(arr):
hex_str = ""
for val in arr:
if val > 255:
raise Exception("Value is greater than it is possible to represent with one byte")
hex_str += "%02x" % val
return hex_str
class BleDfuUploader(object):
ctrlpt_handle = 0x10
ctrlpt_cccd_handle = 0x11
data_handle = 0x0E
def __init__(self, target_mac, hexfile_path):
self.hexfile_path = hexfile_path
self.ble_conn = pexpect.spawn("gatttool -b '%s' -t random --interactive" % target_mac)
self.ble_conn.logfile = sys.stdout
# Connect to peer device.
def scan_and_connect(self):
try:
self.ble_conn.expect('\[LE\]>', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT, e:
print "timeout"
self.ble_conn.sendline('connect')
try:
#res = self.ble_conn.expect('\[CON\].*>', timeout=10)
res = self.ble_conn.expect('Connection successful', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT, e:
print "timeout"
def _dfu_state_set(self, opcode):
self.ble_conn.sendline('char-write-req 0x%02x %02x' % (self.ctrlpt_handle, opcode))
# Verify that command was successfully written
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('.* Characteristic value was written successfully', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT, e:
print "timeout"
def _dfu_data_send(self, data_arr):
hex_str = convert_array_to_hex_string(data_arr)
self.ble_conn.sendline('char-write-req 0x%02x %s' % (self.data_handle, hex_str))
# Verify that data was successfully written
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('.* Characteristic value was written successfully', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT, e:
print "timeout"
def _dfu_enable_cccd(self):
cccd_enable_value_array_lsb = convert_uint16_to_array(0x0001)
cccd_enable_value_hex_string = convert_array_to_hex_string(cccd_enable_value_array_lsb)
self.ble_conn.sendline('char-write-req 0x%02x %s' % (self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle, cccd_enable_value_hex_string))
# Verify that CCCD was successfully written
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('.* Characteristic value was written successfully', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT, e:
print "timeout"
# Transmit the hex image to peer device.
def dfu_send_image(self):
# Open the hex file to be sent
ih = IntelHex(self.hexfile_path)
bin_array = ih.tobinarray()
hex_size = len(bin_array)
print "Hex file size: ", hex_size
# Enable Notifications - Setting the DFU Control Point CCCD to 0x0001
self._dfu_enable_cccd()
# Sending 'START DFU' Command
self._dfu_state_set(Commands.START_DFU)
# Transmit image size
hex_size_array_lsb = convert_uint32_to_array(len(bin_array))
self._dfu_data_send(hex_size_array_lsb)
print "Sending hex file size"
# Send 'RECEIVE FIRMWARE IMAGE' command to set DFU in firmware receive state.
self._dfu_state_set(Commands.RECEIVE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE)
# Send hex file data packets
chunk = 1
for i in range(0, hex_size, 20):
data_to_send = bin_array[i:i + 20]
self._dfu_data_send(data_to_send)
print "Chunk #", chunk
chunk += 1
# Send Validate Command
self._dfu_state_set(Commands.VALIDATE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE)
# Wait a bit for copy on the peer to be finished
time.sleep(1)
# Send Activate and Reset Command
self._dfu_state_set(Commands.ACTIVATE_FIRMWARE_AND_RESET)
# Disconnect from peer device if not done already and clean up.
def disconnect(self):
self.ble_conn.sendline('exit')
self.ble_conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='%prog -f <hex_file> -a <dfu_target_address>\n\nExample:\n\tdfu.py -f blinky.hex -a cd:e3:4a:47:1c:e4',
version='0.1')
parser.add_option('-a', '--address',
action='store',
dest="address",
type="string",
default=None,
help='DFU target address. (Can be found by running "hcitool lescan")'
)
parser.add_option('-f', '--file',
action='store',
dest="hex_file",
type="string",
default=None,
help='Hex file to be uploaded.'
)
options, args = parser.parse_args()
except Exception, e:
print e
print "For help use --help"
sys.exit(2)
if (not options.hex_file) or (not options.address):
parser.print_help()
exit(2)
if not os.path.isfile(options.hex_file):
print "Error: Hex file not found!"
exit(2)
ble_dfu = BleDfuUploader(options.address.upper(), options.hex_file)
# Connect to peer device.
ble_dfu.scan_and_connect()
# Transmit the hex image to peer device.
ble_dfu.dfu_send_image()
# wait a second to be able to recieve the disconnect event from peer device.
time.sleep(1)
# Disconnect from peer device if not done already and clean up.
ble_dfu.disconnect()
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