initial_commit

1 files changed, 2781 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/block/blk-core.c b/block/blk-core.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35ae52df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/block/blk-core.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2781 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
+ * Copyright (C) 1994,      Karl Keyte: Added support for disk statistics
+ * Elevator latency, (C) 2000  Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
+ * Queue request tables / lock, selectable elevator, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
+ * kernel-doc documentation started by NeilBrown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
+ *	-  July2000
+ * bio rewrite, highmem i/o, etc, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de> - may 2001
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This handles all read/write requests to block devices
+ */
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
+#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
+#include <linux/list_sort.h>
+
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/block.h>
+
+#include "blk.h"
+
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_remap);
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_remap);
+EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_complete);
+
+static int __make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio);
+
+/*
+ * For the allocated request tables
+ */
+static struct kmem_cache *request_cachep;
+
+/*
+ * For queue allocation
+ */
+struct kmem_cache *blk_requestq_cachep;
+
+/*
+ * Controlling structure to kblockd
+ */
+static struct workqueue_struct *kblockd_workqueue;
+
+static void drive_stat_acct(struct request *rq, int new_io)
+{
+	struct hd_struct *part;
+	int rw = rq_data_dir(rq);
+	int cpu;
+
+	if (!blk_do_io_stat(rq))
+		return;
+
+	cpu = part_stat_lock();
+
+	if (!new_io) {
+		part = rq->part;
+		part_stat_inc(cpu, part, merges[rw]);
+	} else {
+		part = disk_map_sector_rcu(rq->rq_disk, blk_rq_pos(rq));
+		if (!hd_struct_try_get(part)) {
+			/*
+			 * The partition is already being removed,
+			 * the request will be accounted on the disk only
+			 *
+			 * We take a reference on disk->part0 although that
+			 * partition will never be deleted, so we can treat
+			 * it as any other partition.
+			 */
+			part = &rq->rq_disk->part0;
+			hd_struct_get(part);
+		}
+		part_round_stats(cpu, part);
+		part_inc_in_flight(part, rw);
+		rq->part = part;
+	}
+
+	part_stat_unlock();
+}
+
+void blk_queue_congestion_threshold(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	int nr;
+
+	nr = q->nr_requests - (q->nr_requests / 8) + 1;
+	if (nr > q->nr_requests)
+		nr = q->nr_requests;
+	q->nr_congestion_on = nr;
+
+	nr = q->nr_requests - (q->nr_requests / 8) - (q->nr_requests / 16) - 1;
+	if (nr < 1)
+		nr = 1;
+	q->nr_congestion_off = nr;
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_get_backing_dev_info - get the address of a queue's backing_dev_info
+ * @bdev:	device
+ *
+ * Locates the passed device's request queue and returns the address of its
+ * backing_dev_info
+ *
+ * Will return NULL if the request queue cannot be located.
+ */
+struct backing_dev_info *blk_get_backing_dev_info(struct block_device *bdev)
+{
+	struct backing_dev_info *ret = NULL;
+	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
+
+	if (q)
+		ret = &q->backing_dev_info;
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_backing_dev_info);
+
+void blk_rq_init(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+	memset(rq, 0, sizeof(*rq));
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->queuelist);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rq->timeout_list);
+	rq->cpu = -1;
+	rq->q = q;
+	rq->__sector = (sector_t) -1;
+	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&rq->hash);
+	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&rq->rb_node);
+	rq->cmd = rq->__cmd;
+	rq->cmd_len = BLK_MAX_CDB;
+	rq->tag = -1;
+	rq->ref_count = 1;
+	rq->start_time = jiffies;
+	set_start_time_ns(rq);
+	rq->part = NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_rq_init);
+
+static void req_bio_endio(struct request *rq, struct bio *bio,
+			  unsigned int nbytes, int error)
+{
+	if (error)
+		clear_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags);
+	else if (!test_bit(BIO_UPTODATE, &bio->bi_flags))
+		error = -EIO;
+
+	if (unlikely(nbytes > bio->bi_size)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: want %u bytes done, %u left\n",
+		       __func__, nbytes, bio->bi_size);
+		nbytes = bio->bi_size;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_QUIET))
+		set_bit(BIO_QUIET, &bio->bi_flags);
+
+	bio->bi_size -= nbytes;
+	bio->bi_sector += (nbytes >> 9);
+
+	if (bio_integrity(bio))
+		bio_integrity_advance(bio, nbytes);
+
+	/* don't actually finish bio if it's part of flush sequence */
+	if (bio->bi_size == 0 && !(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_FLUSH_SEQ))
+		bio_endio(bio, error);
+}
+
+void blk_dump_rq_flags(struct request *rq, char *msg)
+{
+	int bit;
+
+	printk(KERN_INFO "%s: dev %s: type=%x, flags=%x\n", msg,
+		rq->rq_disk ? rq->rq_disk->disk_name : "?", rq->cmd_type,
+		rq->cmd_flags);
+
+	printk(KERN_INFO "  sector %llu, nr/cnr %u/%u\n",
+	       (unsigned long long)blk_rq_pos(rq),
+	       blk_rq_sectors(rq), blk_rq_cur_sectors(rq));
+	printk(KERN_INFO "  bio %p, biotail %p, buffer %p, len %u\n",
+	       rq->bio, rq->biotail, rq->buffer, blk_rq_bytes(rq));
+
+	if (rq->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC) {
+		printk(KERN_INFO "  cdb: ");
+		for (bit = 0; bit < BLK_MAX_CDB; bit++)
+			printk("%02x ", rq->cmd[bit]);
+		printk("\n");
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_dump_rq_flags);
+
+static void blk_delay_work(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q;
+
+	q = container_of(work, struct request_queue, delay_work.work);
+	spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+	__blk_run_queue(q);
+	spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_delay_queue - restart queueing after defined interval
+ * @q:		The &struct request_queue in question
+ * @msecs:	Delay in msecs
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *   Sometimes queueing needs to be postponed for a little while, to allow
+ *   resources to come back. This function will make sure that queueing is
+ *   restarted around the specified time.
+ */
+void blk_delay_queue(struct request_queue *q, unsigned long msecs)
+{
+	queue_delayed_work(kblockd_workqueue, &q->delay_work,
+				msecs_to_jiffies(msecs));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_delay_queue);
+
+/**
+ * blk_start_queue - restart a previously stopped queue
+ * @q:    The &struct request_queue in question
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *   blk_start_queue() will clear the stop flag on the queue, and call
+ *   the request_fn for the queue if it was in a stopped state when
+ *   entered. Also see blk_stop_queue(). Queue lock must be held.
+ **/
+void blk_start_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled());
+
+	queue_flag_clear(QUEUE_FLAG_STOPPED, q);
+	__blk_run_queue(q);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_queue);
+
+/**
+ * blk_stop_queue - stop a queue
+ * @q:    The &struct request_queue in question
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *   The Linux block layer assumes that a block driver will consume all
+ *   entries on the request queue when the request_fn strategy is called.
+ *   Often this will not happen, because of hardware limitations (queue
+ *   depth settings). If a device driver gets a 'queue full' response,
+ *   or if it simply chooses not to queue more I/O at one point, it can
+ *   call this function to prevent the request_fn from being called until
+ *   the driver has signalled it's ready to go again. This happens by calling
+ *   blk_start_queue() to restart queue operations. Queue lock must be held.
+ **/
+void blk_stop_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	__cancel_delayed_work(&q->delay_work);
+	queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_STOPPED, q);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_stop_queue);
+
+/**
+ * blk_sync_queue - cancel any pending callbacks on a queue
+ * @q: the queue
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     The block layer may perform asynchronous callback activity
+ *     on a queue, such as calling the unplug function after a timeout.
+ *     A block device may call blk_sync_queue to ensure that any
+ *     such activity is cancelled, thus allowing it to release resources
+ *     that the callbacks might use. The caller must already have made sure
+ *     that its ->make_request_fn will not re-add plugging prior to calling
+ *     this function.
+ *
+ *     This function does not cancel any asynchronous activity arising
+ *     out of elevator or throttling code. That would require elevaotor_exit()
+ *     and blk_throtl_exit() to be called with queue lock initialized.
+ *
+ */
+void blk_sync_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	del_timer_sync(&q->timeout);
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&q->delay_work);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_sync_queue);
+
+/**
+ * __blk_run_queue - run a single device queue
+ * @q:	The queue to run
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    See @blk_run_queue. This variant must be called with the queue lock
+ *    held and interrupts disabled.
+ */
+void __blk_run_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	if (unlikely(blk_queue_stopped(q)))
+		return;
+
+	q->request_fn(q);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blk_run_queue);
+
+/**
+ * blk_run_queue_async - run a single device queue in workqueue context
+ * @q:	The queue to run
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    Tells kblockd to perform the equivalent of @blk_run_queue on behalf
+ *    of us.
+ */
+void blk_run_queue_async(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	if (likely(!blk_queue_stopped(q))) {
+		__cancel_delayed_work(&q->delay_work);
+		queue_delayed_work(kblockd_workqueue, &q->delay_work, 0);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_run_queue_async);
+
+/**
+ * blk_run_queue - run a single device queue
+ * @q: The queue to run
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    Invoke request handling on this queue, if it has pending work to do.
+ *    May be used to restart queueing when a request has completed.
+ */
+void blk_run_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
+	__blk_run_queue(q);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_run_queue);
+
+void blk_put_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	kobject_put(&q->kobj);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_queue);
+
+/*
+ * Note: If a driver supplied the queue lock, it is disconnected
+ * by this function. The actual state of the lock doesn't matter
+ * here as the request_queue isn't accessible after this point
+ * (QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD is set) and no other requests will be queued.
+ */
+void blk_cleanup_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We know we have process context here, so we can be a little
+	 * cautious and ensure that pending block actions on this device
+	 * are done before moving on. Going into this function, we should
+	 * not have processes doing IO to this device.
+	 */
+	blk_sync_queue(q);
+
+	del_timer_sync(&q->backing_dev_info.laptop_mode_wb_timer);
+	mutex_lock(&q->sysfs_lock);
+	queue_flag_set_unlocked(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, q);
+	mutex_unlock(&q->sysfs_lock);
+
+	if (q->queue_lock != &q->__queue_lock)
+		q->queue_lock = &q->__queue_lock;
+
+	blk_put_queue(q);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_cleanup_queue);
+
+static int blk_init_free_list(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
+
+	if (unlikely(rl->rq_pool))
+		return 0;
+
+	rl->count[BLK_RW_SYNC] = rl->count[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = 0;
+	rl->starved[BLK_RW_SYNC] = rl->starved[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = 0;
+	rl->elvpriv = 0;
+	init_waitqueue_head(&rl->wait[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&rl->wait[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);
+
+	rl->rq_pool = mempool_create_node(BLKDEV_MIN_RQ, mempool_alloc_slab,
+				mempool_free_slab, request_cachep, q->node);
+
+	if (!rl->rq_pool)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue(gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	return blk_alloc_queue_node(gfp_mask, -1);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_alloc_queue);
+
+struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue_node(gfp_t gfp_mask, int node_id)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q;
+	int err;
+
+	q = kmem_cache_alloc_node(blk_requestq_cachep,
+				gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO, node_id);
+	if (!q)
+		return NULL;
+
+	q->backing_dev_info.ra_pages =
+			(VM_MAX_READAHEAD * 1024) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+	q->backing_dev_info.state = 0;
+	q->backing_dev_info.capabilities = BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY;
+	q->backing_dev_info.name = "block";
+	q->node = node_id;
+
+	err = bdi_init(&q->backing_dev_info);
+	if (err) {
+		kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (blk_throtl_init(q)) {
+		kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	setup_timer(&q->backing_dev_info.laptop_mode_wb_timer,
+		    laptop_mode_timer_fn, (unsigned long) q);
+	setup_timer(&q->timeout, blk_rq_timed_out_timer, (unsigned long) q);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->timeout_list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->flush_queue[0]);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->flush_queue[1]);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->flush_data_in_flight);
+	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&q->delay_work, blk_delay_work);
+
+	kobject_init(&q->kobj, &blk_queue_ktype);
+
+	mutex_init(&q->sysfs_lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&q->__queue_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * By default initialize queue_lock to internal lock and driver can
+	 * override it later if need be.
+	 */
+	q->queue_lock = &q->__queue_lock;
+
+	return q;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_alloc_queue_node);
+
+/**
+ * blk_init_queue  - prepare a request queue for use with a block device
+ * @rfn:  The function to be called to process requests that have been
+ *        placed on the queue.
+ * @lock: Request queue spin lock
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    If a block device wishes to use the standard request handling procedures,
+ *    which sorts requests and coalesces adjacent requests, then it must
+ *    call blk_init_queue().  The function @rfn will be called when there
+ *    are requests on the queue that need to be processed.  If the device
+ *    supports plugging, then @rfn may not be called immediately when requests
+ *    are available on the queue, but may be called at some time later instead.
+ *    Plugged queues are generally unplugged when a buffer belonging to one
+ *    of the requests on the queue is needed, or due to memory pressure.
+ *
+ *    @rfn is not required, or even expected, to remove all requests off the
+ *    queue, but only as many as it can handle at a time.  If it does leave
+ *    requests on the queue, it is responsible for arranging that the requests
+ *    get dealt with eventually.
+ *
+ *    The queue spin lock must be held while manipulating the requests on the
+ *    request queue; this lock will be taken also from interrupt context, so irq
+ *    disabling is needed for it.
+ *
+ *    Function returns a pointer to the initialized request queue, or %NULL if
+ *    it didn't succeed.
+ *
+ * Note:
+ *    blk_init_queue() must be paired with a blk_cleanup_queue() call
+ *    when the block device is deactivated (such as at module unload).
+ **/
+
+struct request_queue *blk_init_queue(request_fn_proc *rfn, spinlock_t *lock)
+{
+	return blk_init_queue_node(rfn, lock, -1);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_init_queue);
+
+struct request_queue *
+blk_init_queue_node(request_fn_proc *rfn, spinlock_t *lock, int node_id)
+{
+	struct request_queue *uninit_q, *q;
+
+	uninit_q = blk_alloc_queue_node(GFP_KERNEL, node_id);
+	if (!uninit_q)
+		return NULL;
+
+	q = blk_init_allocated_queue(uninit_q, rfn, lock);
+	if (!q)
+		blk_cleanup_queue(uninit_q);
+
+	return q;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_init_queue_node);
+
+struct request_queue *
+blk_init_allocated_queue(struct request_queue *q, request_fn_proc *rfn,
+			 spinlock_t *lock)
+{
+	if (!q)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (blk_init_free_list(q))
+		return NULL;
+
+	q->request_fn		= rfn;
+	q->prep_rq_fn		= NULL;
+	q->unprep_rq_fn		= NULL;
+	q->queue_flags		= QUEUE_FLAG_DEFAULT;
+
+	/* Override internal queue lock with supplied lock pointer */
+	if (lock)
+		q->queue_lock		= lock;
+
+	/*
+	 * This also sets hw/phys segments, boundary and size
+	 */
+	blk_queue_make_request(q, __make_request);
+
+	q->sg_reserved_size = INT_MAX;
+
+	/*
+	 * all done
+	 */
+	if (!elevator_init(q, NULL)) {
+		blk_queue_congestion_threshold(q);
+		return q;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_init_allocated_queue);
+
+int blk_get_queue(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	if (likely(!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, &q->queue_flags))) {
+		kobject_get(&q->kobj);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_queue);
+
+static inline void blk_free_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+	if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_ELVPRIV)
+		elv_put_request(q, rq);
+	mempool_free(rq, q->rq.rq_pool);
+}
+
+static struct request *
+blk_alloc_request(struct request_queue *q, int flags, int priv, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	struct request *rq = mempool_alloc(q->rq.rq_pool, gfp_mask);
+
+	if (!rq)
+		return NULL;
+
+	blk_rq_init(q, rq);
+
+	rq->cmd_flags = flags | REQ_ALLOCED;
+
+	if (priv) {
+		if (unlikely(elv_set_request(q, rq, gfp_mask))) {
+			mempool_free(rq, q->rq.rq_pool);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		rq->cmd_flags |= REQ_ELVPRIV;
+	}
+
+	return rq;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ioc_batching returns true if the ioc is a valid batching request and
+ * should be given priority access to a request.
+ */
+static inline int ioc_batching(struct request_queue *q, struct io_context *ioc)
+{
+	if (!ioc)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure the process is able to allocate at least 1 request
+	 * even if the batch times out, otherwise we could theoretically
+	 * lose wakeups.
+	 */
+	return ioc->nr_batch_requests == q->nr_batching ||
+		(ioc->nr_batch_requests > 0
+		&& time_before(jiffies, ioc->last_waited + BLK_BATCH_TIME));
+}
+
+/*
+ * ioc_set_batching sets ioc to be a new "batcher" if it is not one. This
+ * will cause the process to be a "batcher" on all queues in the system. This
+ * is the behaviour we want though - once it gets a wakeup it should be given
+ * a nice run.
+ */
+static void ioc_set_batching(struct request_queue *q, struct io_context *ioc)
+{
+	if (!ioc || ioc_batching(q, ioc))
+		return;
+
+	ioc->nr_batch_requests = q->nr_batching;
+	ioc->last_waited = jiffies;
+}
+
+static void __freed_request(struct request_queue *q, int sync)
+{
+	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
+
+	if (rl->count[sync] < queue_congestion_off_threshold(q))
+		blk_clear_queue_congested(q, sync);
+
+	if (rl->count[sync] + 1 <= q->nr_requests) {
+		if (waitqueue_active(&rl->wait[sync]))
+			wake_up(&rl->wait[sync]);
+
+		blk_clear_queue_full(q, sync);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * A request has just been released.  Account for it, update the full and
+ * congestion status, wake up any waiters.   Called under q->queue_lock.
+ */
+static void freed_request(struct request_queue *q, int sync, int priv)
+{
+	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
+
+	rl->count[sync]--;
+	if (priv)
+		rl->elvpriv--;
+
+	__freed_request(q, sync);
+
+	if (unlikely(rl->starved[sync ^ 1]))
+		__freed_request(q, sync ^ 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine if elevator data should be initialized when allocating the
+ * request associated with @bio.
+ */
+static bool blk_rq_should_init_elevator(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	if (!bio)
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * Flush requests do not use the elevator so skip initialization.
+	 * This allows a request to share the flush and elevator data.
+	 */
+	if (bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get a free request, queue_lock must be held.
+ * Returns NULL on failure, with queue_lock held.
+ * Returns !NULL on success, with queue_lock *not held*.
+ */
+static struct request *get_request(struct request_queue *q, int rw_flags,
+				   struct bio *bio, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	struct request *rq = NULL;
+	struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
+	struct io_context *ioc = NULL;
+	const bool is_sync = rw_is_sync(rw_flags) != 0;
+	int may_queue, priv = 0;
+
+	may_queue = elv_may_queue(q, rw_flags);
+	if (may_queue == ELV_MQUEUE_NO)
+		goto rq_starved;
+
+	if (rl->count[is_sync]+1 >= queue_congestion_on_threshold(q)) {
+		if (rl->count[is_sync]+1 >= q->nr_requests) {
+			ioc = current_io_context(GFP_ATOMIC, q->node);
+			/*
+			 * The queue will fill after this allocation, so set
+			 * it as full, and mark this process as "batching".
+			 * This process will be allowed to complete a batch of
+			 * requests, others will be blocked.
+			 */
+			if (!blk_queue_full(q, is_sync)) {
+				ioc_set_batching(q, ioc);
+				blk_set_queue_full(q, is_sync);
+			} else {
+				if (may_queue != ELV_MQUEUE_MUST
+						&& !ioc_batching(q, ioc)) {
+					/*
+					 * The queue is full and the allocating
+					 * process is not a "batcher", and not
+					 * exempted by the IO scheduler
+					 */
+					goto out;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		blk_set_queue_congested(q, is_sync);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Only allow batching queuers to allocate up to 50% over the defined
+	 * limit of requests, otherwise we could have thousands of requests
+	 * allocated with any setting of ->nr_requests
+	 */
+	if (rl->count[is_sync] >= (3 * q->nr_requests / 2))
+		goto out;
+
+	rl->count[is_sync]++;
+	rl->starved[is_sync] = 0;
+
+	if (blk_rq_should_init_elevator(bio)) {
+		priv = !test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_ELVSWITCH, &q->queue_flags);
+		if (priv)
+			rl->elvpriv++;
+	}
+
+	if (blk_queue_io_stat(q))
+		rw_flags |= REQ_IO_STAT;
+	spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+
+	rq = blk_alloc_request(q, rw_flags, priv, gfp_mask);
+	if (unlikely(!rq)) {
+		/*
+		 * Allocation failed presumably due to memory. Undo anything
+		 * we might have messed up.
+		 *
+		 * Allocating task should really be put onto the front of the
+		 * wait queue, but this is pretty rare.
+		 */
+		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+		freed_request(q, is_sync, priv);
+
+		/*
+		 * in the very unlikely event that allocation failed and no
+		 * requests for this direction was pending, mark us starved
+		 * so that freeing of a request in the other direction will
+		 * notice us. another possible fix would be to split the
+		 * rq mempool into READ and WRITE
+		 */
+rq_starved:
+		if (unlikely(rl->count[is_sync] == 0))
+			rl->starved[is_sync] = 1;
+
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * ioc may be NULL here, and ioc_batching will be false. That's
+	 * OK, if the queue is under the request limit then requests need
+	 * not count toward the nr_batch_requests limit. There will always
+	 * be some limit enforced by BLK_BATCH_TIME.
+	 */
+	if (ioc_batching(q, ioc))
+		ioc->nr_batch_requests--;
+
+	trace_block_getrq(q, bio, rw_flags & 1);
+out:
+	return rq;
+}
+
+/*
+ * No available requests for this queue, wait for some requests to become
+ * available.
+ *
+ * Called with q->queue_lock held, and returns with it unlocked.
+ */
+static struct request *get_request_wait(struct request_queue *q, int rw_flags,
+					struct bio *bio)
+{
+	const bool is_sync = rw_is_sync(rw_flags) != 0;
+	struct request *rq;
+
+	rq = get_request(q, rw_flags, bio, GFP_NOIO);
+	while (!rq) {
+		DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+		struct io_context *ioc;
+		struct request_list *rl = &q->rq;
+
+		prepare_to_wait_exclusive(&rl->wait[is_sync], &wait,
+				TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+
+		trace_block_sleeprq(q, bio, rw_flags & 1);
+
+		spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+		io_schedule();
+
+		/*
+		 * After sleeping, we become a "batching" process and
+		 * will be able to allocate at least one request, and
+		 * up to a big batch of them for a small period time.
+		 * See ioc_batching, ioc_set_batching
+		 */
+		ioc = current_io_context(GFP_NOIO, q->node);
+		ioc_set_batching(q, ioc);
+
+		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+		finish_wait(&rl->wait[is_sync], &wait);
+
+		rq = get_request(q, rw_flags, bio, GFP_NOIO);
+	};
+
+	return rq;
+}
+
+struct request *blk_get_request(struct request_queue *q, int rw, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	struct request *rq;
+
+	if (unlikely(test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, &q->queue_flags)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	BUG_ON(rw != READ && rw != WRITE);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT) {
+		rq = get_request_wait(q, rw, NULL);
+	} else {
+		rq = get_request(q, rw, NULL, gfp_mask);
+		if (!rq)
+			spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+	}
+	/* q->queue_lock is unlocked at this point */
+
+	return rq;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_make_request - given a bio, allocate a corresponding struct request.
+ * @q: target request queue
+ * @bio:  The bio describing the memory mappings that will be submitted for IO.
+ *        It may be a chained-bio properly constructed by block/bio layer.
+ * @gfp_mask: gfp flags to be used for memory allocation
+ *
+ * blk_make_request is the parallel of generic_make_request for BLOCK_PC
+ * type commands. Where the struct request needs to be farther initialized by
+ * the caller. It is passed a &struct bio, which describes the memory info of
+ * the I/O transfer.
+ *
+ * The caller of blk_make_request must make sure that bi_io_vec
+ * are set to describe the memory buffers. That bio_data_dir() will return
+ * the needed direction of the request. (And all bio's in the passed bio-chain
+ * are properly set accordingly)
+ *
+ * If called under none-sleepable conditions, mapped bio buffers must not
+ * need bouncing, by calling the appropriate masked or flagged allocator,
+ * suitable for the target device. Otherwise the call to blk_queue_bounce will
+ * BUG.
+ *
+ * WARNING: When allocating/cloning a bio-chain, careful consideration should be
+ * given to how you allocate bios. In particular, you cannot use __GFP_WAIT for
+ * anything but the first bio in the chain. Otherwise you risk waiting for IO
+ * completion of a bio that hasn't been submitted yet, thus resulting in a
+ * deadlock. Alternatively bios should be allocated using bio_kmalloc() instead
+ * of bio_alloc(), as that avoids the mempool deadlock.
+ * If possible a big IO should be split into smaller parts when allocation
+ * fails. Partial allocation should not be an error, or you risk a live-lock.
+ */
+struct request *blk_make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio,
+				 gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	struct request *rq = blk_get_request(q, bio_data_dir(bio), gfp_mask);
+
+	if (unlikely(!rq))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	for_each_bio(bio) {
+		struct bio *bounce_bio = bio;
+		int ret;
+
+		blk_queue_bounce(q, &bounce_bio);
+		ret = blk_rq_append_bio(q, rq, bounce_bio);
+		if (unlikely(ret)) {
+			blk_put_request(rq);
+			return ERR_PTR(ret);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rq;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_make_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_requeue_request - put a request back on queue
+ * @q:		request queue where request should be inserted
+ * @rq:		request to be inserted
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    Drivers often keep queueing requests until the hardware cannot accept
+ *    more, when that condition happens we need to put the request back
+ *    on the queue. Must be called with queue lock held.
+ */
+void blk_requeue_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+	blk_delete_timer(rq);
+	blk_clear_rq_complete(rq);
+	trace_block_rq_requeue(q, rq);
+
+	if (blk_rq_tagged(rq))
+		blk_queue_end_tag(q, rq);
+
+	BUG_ON(blk_queued_rq(rq));
+
+	elv_requeue_request(q, rq);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_requeue_request);
+
+static void add_acct_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
+			     int where)
+{
+	drive_stat_acct(rq, 1);
+	__elv_add_request(q, rq, where);
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_insert_request - insert a special request into a request queue
+ * @q:		request queue where request should be inserted
+ * @rq:		request to be inserted
+ * @at_head:	insert request at head or tail of queue
+ * @data:	private data
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    Many block devices need to execute commands asynchronously, so they don't
+ *    block the whole kernel from preemption during request execution.  This is
+ *    accomplished normally by inserting aritficial requests tagged as
+ *    REQ_TYPE_SPECIAL in to the corresponding request queue, and letting them
+ *    be scheduled for actual execution by the request queue.
+ *
+ *    We have the option of inserting the head or the tail of the queue.
+ *    Typically we use the tail for new ioctls and so forth.  We use the head
+ *    of the queue for things like a QUEUE_FULL message from a device, or a
+ *    host that is unable to accept a particular command.
+ */
+void blk_insert_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
+			int at_head, void *data)
+{
+	int where = at_head ? ELEVATOR_INSERT_FRONT : ELEVATOR_INSERT_BACK;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * tell I/O scheduler that this isn't a regular read/write (ie it
+	 * must not attempt merges on this) and that it acts as a soft
+	 * barrier
+	 */
+	rq->cmd_type = REQ_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+
+	rq->special = data;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
+
+	/*
+	 * If command is tagged, release the tag
+	 */
+	if (blk_rq_tagged(rq))
+		blk_queue_end_tag(q, rq);
+
+	add_acct_request(q, rq, where);
+	__blk_run_queue(q);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_insert_request);
+
+static void part_round_stats_single(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part,
+				    unsigned long now)
+{
+	if (now == part->stamp)
+		return;
+
+	if (part_in_flight(part)) {
+		__part_stat_add(cpu, part, time_in_queue,
+				part_in_flight(part) * (now - part->stamp));
+		__part_stat_add(cpu, part, io_ticks, (now - part->stamp));
+	}
+	part->stamp = now;
+}
+
+/**
+ * part_round_stats() - Round off the performance stats on a struct disk_stats.
+ * @cpu: cpu number for stats access
+ * @part: target partition
+ *
+ * The average IO queue length and utilisation statistics are maintained
+ * by observing the current state of the queue length and the amount of
+ * time it has been in this state for.
+ *
+ * Normally, that accounting is done on IO completion, but that can result
+ * in more than a second's worth of IO being accounted for within any one
+ * second, leading to >100% utilisation.  To deal with that, we call this
+ * function to do a round-off before returning the results when reading
+ * /proc/diskstats.  This accounts immediately for all queue usage up to
+ * the current jiffies and restarts the counters again.
+ */
+void part_round_stats(int cpu, struct hd_struct *part)
+{
+	unsigned long now = jiffies;
+
+	if (part->partno)
+		part_round_stats_single(cpu, &part_to_disk(part)->part0, now);
+	part_round_stats_single(cpu, part, now);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(part_round_stats);
+
+/*
+ * queue lock must be held
+ */
+void __blk_put_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req)
+{
+	if (unlikely(!q))
+		return;
+	if (unlikely(--req->ref_count))
+		return;
+
+	elv_completed_request(q, req);
+
+	/* this is a bio leak */
+	WARN_ON(req->bio != NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Request may not have originated from ll_rw_blk. if not,
+	 * it didn't come out of our reserved rq pools
+	 */
+	if (req->cmd_flags & REQ_ALLOCED) {
+		int is_sync = rq_is_sync(req) != 0;
+		int priv = req->cmd_flags & REQ_ELVPRIV;
+
+		BUG_ON(!list_empty(&req->queuelist));
+		BUG_ON(!hlist_unhashed(&req->hash));
+
+		blk_free_request(q, req);
+		freed_request(q, is_sync, priv);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__blk_put_request);
+
+void blk_put_request(struct request *req)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct request_queue *q = req->q;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
+	__blk_put_request(q, req);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_add_request_payload - add a payload to a request
+ * @rq: request to update
+ * @page: page backing the payload
+ * @len: length of the payload.
+ *
+ * This allows to later add a payload to an already submitted request by
+ * a block driver.  The driver needs to take care of freeing the payload
+ * itself.
+ *
+ * Note that this is a quite horrible hack and nothing but handling of
+ * discard requests should ever use it.
+ */
+void blk_add_request_payload(struct request *rq, struct page *page,
+		unsigned int len)
+{
+	struct bio *bio = rq->bio;
+
+	bio->bi_io_vec->bv_page = page;
+	bio->bi_io_vec->bv_offset = 0;
+	bio->bi_io_vec->bv_len = len;
+
+	bio->bi_size = len;
+	bio->bi_vcnt = 1;
+	bio->bi_phys_segments = 1;
+
+	rq->__data_len = rq->resid_len = len;
+	rq->nr_phys_segments = 1;
+	rq->buffer = bio_data(bio);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_add_request_payload);
+
+static bool bio_attempt_back_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
+				   struct bio *bio)
+{
+	const int ff = bio->bi_rw & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
+
+	if (!ll_back_merge_fn(q, req, bio))
+		return false;
+
+	trace_block_bio_backmerge(q, bio);
+
+	if ((req->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) != ff)
+		blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(req);
+
+	req->biotail->bi_next = bio;
+	req->biotail = bio;
+	req->__data_len += bio->bi_size;
+	req->ioprio = ioprio_best(req->ioprio, bio_prio(bio));
+
+	drive_stat_acct(req, 0);
+	elv_bio_merged(q, req, bio);
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool bio_attempt_front_merge(struct request_queue *q,
+				    struct request *req, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	const int ff = bio->bi_rw & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
+
+	if (!ll_front_merge_fn(q, req, bio))
+		return false;
+
+	trace_block_bio_frontmerge(q, bio);
+
+	if ((req->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK) != ff)
+		blk_rq_set_mixed_merge(req);
+
+	bio->bi_next = req->bio;
+	req->bio = bio;
+
+	/*
+	 * may not be valid. if the low level driver said
+	 * it didn't need a bounce buffer then it better
+	 * not touch req->buffer either...
+	 */
+	req->buffer = bio_data(bio);
+	req->__sector = bio->bi_sector;
+	req->__data_len += bio->bi_size;
+	req->ioprio = ioprio_best(req->ioprio, bio_prio(bio));
+
+	drive_stat_acct(req, 0);
+	elv_bio_merged(q, req, bio);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Attempts to merge with the plugged list in the current process. Returns
+ * true if merge was successful, otherwise false.
+ */
+static bool attempt_plug_merge(struct task_struct *tsk, struct request_queue *q,
+			       struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct blk_plug *plug;
+	struct request *rq;
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	plug = tsk->plug;
+	if (!plug)
+		goto out;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_reverse(rq, &plug->list, queuelist) {
+		int el_ret;
+
+		if (rq->q != q)
+			continue;
+
+		el_ret = elv_try_merge(rq, bio);
+		if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE) {
+			ret = bio_attempt_back_merge(q, rq, bio);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+		} else if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {
+			ret = bio_attempt_front_merge(q, rq, bio);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void init_request_from_bio(struct request *req, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	req->cpu = bio->bi_comp_cpu;
+	req->cmd_type = REQ_TYPE_FS;
+
+	req->cmd_flags |= bio->bi_rw & REQ_COMMON_MASK;
+	if (bio->bi_rw & REQ_RAHEAD)
+		req->cmd_flags |= REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
+
+	req->errors = 0;
+	req->__sector = bio->bi_sector;
+	req->ioprio = bio_prio(bio);
+	blk_rq_bio_prep(req->q, req, bio);
+}
+
+static int __make_request(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	const bool sync = !!(bio->bi_rw & REQ_SYNC);
+	struct blk_plug *plug;
+	int el_ret, rw_flags, where = ELEVATOR_INSERT_SORT;
+	struct request *req;
+
+	/*
+	 * low level driver can indicate that it wants pages above a
+	 * certain limit bounced to low memory (ie for highmem, or even
+	 * ISA dma in theory)
+	 */
+	blk_queue_bounce(q, &bio);
+
+	if (bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA)) {
+		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+		where = ELEVATOR_INSERT_FLUSH;
+		goto get_rq;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if we can merge with the plugged list before grabbing
+	 * any locks.
+	 */
+	if (attempt_plug_merge(current, q, bio))
+		goto out;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+
+	el_ret = elv_merge(q, &req, bio);
+	if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE) {
+		if (bio_attempt_back_merge(q, req, bio)) {
+			if (!attempt_back_merge(q, req))
+				elv_merged_request(q, req, el_ret);
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	} else if (el_ret == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {
+		if (bio_attempt_front_merge(q, req, bio)) {
+			if (!attempt_front_merge(q, req))
+				elv_merged_request(q, req, el_ret);
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	}
+
+get_rq:
+	/*
+	 * This sync check and mask will be re-done in init_request_from_bio(),
+	 * but we need to set it earlier to expose the sync flag to the
+	 * rq allocator and io schedulers.
+	 */
+	rw_flags = bio_data_dir(bio);
+	if (sync)
+		rw_flags |= REQ_SYNC;
+
+	/*
+	 * Grab a free request. This is might sleep but can not fail.
+	 * Returns with the queue unlocked.
+	 */
+	req = get_request_wait(q, rw_flags, bio);
+
+	/*
+	 * After dropping the lock and possibly sleeping here, our request
+	 * may now be mergeable after it had proven unmergeable (above).
+	 * We don't worry about that case for efficiency. It won't happen
+	 * often, and the elevators are able to handle it.
+	 */
+	init_request_from_bio(req, bio);
+
+	if (test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_SAME_COMP, &q->queue_flags) ||
+	    bio_flagged(bio, BIO_CPU_AFFINE)) {
+		req->cpu = blk_cpu_to_group(get_cpu());
+		put_cpu();
+	}
+
+	plug = current->plug;
+	if (plug) {
+		/*
+		 * If this is the first request added after a plug, fire
+		 * of a plug trace. If others have been added before, check
+		 * if we have multiple devices in this plug. If so, make a
+		 * note to sort the list before dispatch.
+		 */
+		if (list_empty(&plug->list))
+			trace_block_plug(q);
+		else if (!plug->should_sort) {
+			struct request *__rq;
+
+			__rq = list_entry_rq(plug->list.prev);
+			if (__rq->q != q)
+				plug->should_sort = 1;
+		}
+		list_add_tail(&req->queuelist, &plug->list);
+		drive_stat_acct(req, 1);
+	} else {
+		spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+		add_acct_request(q, req, where);
+		__blk_run_queue(q);
+out_unlock:
+		spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
+	}
+out:
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If bio->bi_dev is a partition, remap the location
+ */
+static inline void blk_partition_remap(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct block_device *bdev = bio->bi_bdev;
+
+	if (bio_sectors(bio) && bdev != bdev->bd_contains) {
+		struct hd_struct *p = bdev->bd_part;
+
+		bio->bi_sector += p->start_sect;
+		bio->bi_bdev = bdev->bd_contains;
+
+		trace_block_bio_remap(bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev), bio,
+				      bdev->bd_dev,
+				      bio->bi_sector - p->start_sect);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_bad_sector(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+	printk(KERN_INFO "attempt to access beyond end of device\n");
+	printk(KERN_INFO "%s: rw=%ld, want=%Lu, limit=%Lu\n",
+			bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
+			bio->bi_rw,
+			(unsigned long long)bio->bi_sector + bio_sectors(bio),
+			(long long)(i_size_read(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode) >> 9));
+
+	set_bit(BIO_EOF, &bio->bi_flags);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
+
+static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(fail_make_request);
+
+static int __init setup_fail_make_request(char *str)
+{
+	return setup_fault_attr(&fail_make_request, str);
+}
+__setup("fail_make_request=", setup_fail_make_request);
+
+static int should_fail_request(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct hd_struct *part = bio->bi_bdev->bd_part;
+
+	if (part_to_disk(part)->part0.make_it_fail || part->make_it_fail)
+		return should_fail(&fail_make_request, bio->bi_size);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init fail_make_request_debugfs(void)
+{
+	return init_fault_attr_dentries(&fail_make_request,
+					"fail_make_request");
+}
+
+late_initcall(fail_make_request_debugfs);
+
+#else /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */
+
+static inline int should_fail_request(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */
+
+/*
+ * Check whether this bio extends beyond the end of the device.
+ */
+static inline int bio_check_eod(struct bio *bio, unsigned int nr_sectors)
+{
+	sector_t maxsector;
+
+	if (!nr_sectors)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Test device or partition size, when known. */
+	maxsector = i_size_read(bio->bi_bdev->bd_inode) >> 9;
+	if (maxsector) {
+		sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector;
+
+		if (maxsector < nr_sectors || maxsector - nr_sectors < sector) {
+			/*
+			 * This may well happen - the kernel calls bread()
+			 * without checking the size of the device, e.g., when
+			 * mounting a device.
+			 */
+			handle_bad_sector(bio);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * generic_make_request - hand a buffer to its device driver for I/O
+ * @bio:  The bio describing the location in memory and on the device.
+ *
+ * generic_make_request() is used to make I/O requests of block
+ * devices. It is passed a &struct bio, which describes the I/O that needs
+ * to be done.
+ *
+ * generic_make_request() does not return any status.  The
+ * success/failure status of the request, along with notification of
+ * completion, is delivered asynchronously through the bio->bi_end_io
+ * function described (one day) else where.
+ *
+ * The caller of generic_make_request must make sure that bi_io_vec
+ * are set to describe the memory buffer, and that bi_dev and bi_sector are
+ * set to describe the device address, and the
+ * bi_end_io and optionally bi_private are set to describe how
+ * completion notification should be signaled.
+ *
+ * generic_make_request and the drivers it calls may use bi_next if this
+ * bio happens to be merged with someone else, and may change bi_dev and
+ * bi_sector for remaps as it sees fit.  So the values of these fields
+ * should NOT be depended on after the call to generic_make_request.
+ */
+static inline void __generic_make_request(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q;
+	sector_t old_sector;
+	int ret, nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);
+	dev_t old_dev;
+	int err = -EIO;
+
+	might_sleep();
+
+	if (bio_check_eod(bio, nr_sectors))
+		goto end_io;
+
+	/*
+	 * Resolve the mapping until finished. (drivers are
+	 * still free to implement/resolve their own stacking
+	 * by explicitly returning 0)
+	 *
+	 * NOTE: we don't repeat the blk_size check for each new device.
+	 * Stacking drivers are expected to know what they are doing.
+	 */
+	old_sector = -1;
+	old_dev = 0;
+	do {
+		char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+
+		q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
+		if (unlikely(!q)) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR
+			       "generic_make_request: Trying to access "
+				"nonexistent block-device %s (%Lu)\n",
+				bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
+				(long long) bio->bi_sector);
+			goto end_io;
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(!(bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD) &&
+			     nr_sectors > queue_max_hw_sectors(q))) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "bio too big device %s (%u > %u)\n",
+			       bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
+			       bio_sectors(bio),
+			       queue_max_hw_sectors(q));
+			goto end_io;
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_DEAD, &q->queue_flags)))
+			goto end_io;
+
+		if (should_fail_request(bio))
+			goto end_io;
+
+		/*
+		 * If this device has partitions, remap block n
+		 * of partition p to block n+start(p) of the disk.
+		 */
+		blk_partition_remap(bio);
+
+		if (bio_integrity_enabled(bio) && bio_integrity_prep(bio))
+			goto end_io;
+
+		if (old_sector != -1)
+			trace_block_bio_remap(q, bio, old_dev, old_sector);
+
+		old_sector = bio->bi_sector;
+		old_dev = bio->bi_bdev->bd_dev;
+
+		if (bio_check_eod(bio, nr_sectors))
+			goto end_io;
+
+		/*
+		 * Filter flush bio's early so that make_request based
+		 * drivers without flush support don't have to worry
+		 * about them.
+		 */
+		if ((bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA)) && !q->flush_flags) {
+			bio->bi_rw &= ~(REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA);
+			if (!nr_sectors) {
+				err = 0;
+				goto end_io;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ((bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD) &&
+		    (!blk_queue_discard(q) ||
+		     ((bio->bi_rw & REQ_SECURE) &&
+		      !blk_queue_secdiscard(q)))) {
+			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto end_io;
+		}
+
+		if (blk_throtl_bio(q, &bio))
+			goto end_io;
+
+		/*
+		 * If bio = NULL, bio has been throttled and will be submitted
+		 * later.
+		 */
+		if (!bio)
+			break;
+
+		trace_block_bio_queue(q, bio);
+
+		ret = q->make_request_fn(q, bio);
+	} while (ret);
+
+	return;
+
+end_io:
+	bio_endio(bio, err);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We only want one ->make_request_fn to be active at a time,
+ * else stack usage with stacked devices could be a problem.
+ * So use current->bio_list to keep a list of requests
+ * submited by a make_request_fn function.
+ * current->bio_list is also used as a flag to say if
+ * generic_make_request is currently active in this task or not.
+ * If it is NULL, then no make_request is active.  If it is non-NULL,
+ * then a make_request is active, and new requests should be added
+ * at the tail
+ */
+void generic_make_request(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct bio_list bio_list_on_stack;
+
+	if (current->bio_list) {
+		/* make_request is active */
+		bio_list_add(current->bio_list, bio);
+		return;
+	}
+	/* following loop may be a bit non-obvious, and so deserves some
+	 * explanation.
+	 * Before entering the loop, bio->bi_next is NULL (as all callers
+	 * ensure that) so we have a list with a single bio.
+	 * We pretend that we have just taken it off a longer list, so
+	 * we assign bio_list to a pointer to the bio_list_on_stack,
+	 * thus initialising the bio_list of new bios to be
+	 * added.  __generic_make_request may indeed add some more bios
+	 * through a recursive call to generic_make_request.  If it
+	 * did, we find a non-NULL value in bio_list and re-enter the loop
+	 * from the top.  In this case we really did just take the bio
+	 * of the top of the list (no pretending) and so remove it from
+	 * bio_list, and call into __generic_make_request again.
+	 *
+	 * The loop was structured like this to make only one call to
+	 * __generic_make_request (which is important as it is large and
+	 * inlined) and to keep the structure simple.
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(bio->bi_next);
+	bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack);
+	current->bio_list = &bio_list_on_stack;
+	do {
+		__generic_make_request(bio);
+		bio = bio_list_pop(current->bio_list);
+	} while (bio);
+	current->bio_list = NULL; /* deactivate */
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_make_request);
+
+/**
+ * submit_bio - submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
+ * @rw: whether to %READ or %WRITE, or maybe to %READA (read ahead)
+ * @bio: The &struct bio which describes the I/O
+ *
+ * submit_bio() is very similar in purpose to generic_make_request(), and
+ * uses that function to do most of the work. Both are fairly rough
+ * interfaces; @bio must be presetup and ready for I/O.
+ *
+ */
+void submit_bio(int rw, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	int count = bio_sectors(bio);
+
+	bio->bi_rw |= rw;
+
+	/*
+	 * If it's a regular read/write or a barrier with data attached,
+	 * go through the normal accounting stuff before submission.
+	 */
+	if (bio_has_data(bio) && !(rw & REQ_DISCARD)) {
+		if (rw & WRITE) {
+			count_vm_events(PGPGOUT, count);
+		} else {
+			task_io_account_read(bio->bi_size);
+			count_vm_events(PGPGIN, count);
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(block_dump)) {
+			char b[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
+			printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s(%d): %s block %Lu on %s (%u sectors)\n",
+			current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
+				(rw & WRITE) ? "WRITE" : "READ",
+				(unsigned long long)bio->bi_sector,
+				bdevname(bio->bi_bdev, b),
+				count);
+		}
+	}
+
+	generic_make_request(bio);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio);
+
+/**
+ * blk_rq_check_limits - Helper function to check a request for the queue limit
+ * @q:  the queue
+ * @rq: the request being checked
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    @rq may have been made based on weaker limitations of upper-level queues
+ *    in request stacking drivers, and it may violate the limitation of @q.
+ *    Since the block layer and the underlying device driver trust @rq
+ *    after it is inserted to @q, it should be checked against @q before
+ *    the insertion using this generic function.
+ *
+ *    This function should also be useful for request stacking drivers
+ *    in some cases below, so export this function.
+ *    Request stacking drivers like request-based dm may change the queue
+ *    limits while requests are in the queue (e.g. dm's table swapping).
+ *    Such request stacking drivers should check those requests agaist
+ *    the new queue limits again when they dispatch those requests,
+ *    although such checkings are also done against the old queue limits
+ *    when submitting requests.
+ */
+int blk_rq_check_limits(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+	if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_DISCARD)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (blk_rq_sectors(rq) > queue_max_sectors(q) ||
+	    blk_rq_bytes(rq) > queue_max_hw_sectors(q) << 9) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: over max size limit.\n", __func__);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * queue's settings related to segment counting like q->bounce_pfn
+	 * may differ from that of other stacking queues.
+	 * Recalculate it to check the request correctly on this queue's
+	 * limitation.
+	 */
+	blk_recalc_rq_segments(rq);
+	if (rq->nr_phys_segments > queue_max_segments(q)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "%s: over max segments limit.\n", __func__);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_rq_check_limits);
+
+/**
+ * blk_insert_cloned_request - Helper for stacking drivers to submit a request
+ * @q:  the queue to submit the request
+ * @rq: the request being queued
+ */
+int blk_insert_cloned_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (blk_rq_check_limits(q, rq))
+		return -EIO;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
+	if (rq->rq_disk && rq->rq_disk->part0.make_it_fail &&
+	    should_fail(&fail_make_request, blk_rq_bytes(rq)))
+		return -EIO;
+#endif
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
+
+	/*
+	 * Submitting request must be dequeued before calling this function
+	 * because it will be linked to another request_queue
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(blk_queued_rq(rq));
+
+	add_acct_request(q, rq, ELEVATOR_INSERT_BACK);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_insert_cloned_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_rq_err_bytes - determine number of bytes till the next failure boundary
+ * @rq: request to examine
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     A request could be merge of IOs which require different failure
+ *     handling.  This function determines the number of bytes which
+ *     can be failed from the beginning of the request without
+ *     crossing into area which need to be retried further.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     The number of bytes to fail.
+ *
+ * Context:
+ *     queue_lock must be held.
+ */
+unsigned int blk_rq_err_bytes(const struct request *rq)
+{
+	unsigned int ff = rq->cmd_flags & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
+	unsigned int bytes = 0;
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	if (!(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_MIXED_MERGE))
+		return blk_rq_bytes(rq);
+
+	/*
+	 * Currently the only 'mixing' which can happen is between
+	 * different fastfail types.  We can safely fail portions
+	 * which have all the failfast bits that the first one has -
+	 * the ones which are at least as eager to fail as the first
+	 * one.
+	 */
+	for (bio = rq->bio; bio; bio = bio->bi_next) {
+		if ((bio->bi_rw & ff) != ff)
+			break;
+		bytes += bio->bi_size;
+	}
+
+	/* this could lead to infinite loop */
+	BUG_ON(blk_rq_bytes(rq) && !bytes);
+	return bytes;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_rq_err_bytes);
+
+static void blk_account_io_completion(struct request *req, unsigned int bytes)
+{
+	if (blk_do_io_stat(req)) {
+		const int rw = rq_data_dir(req);
+		struct hd_struct *part;
+		int cpu;
+
+		cpu = part_stat_lock();
+		part = req->part;
+		part_stat_add(cpu, part, sectors[rw], bytes >> 9);
+		part_stat_unlock();
+	}
+}
+
+static void blk_account_io_done(struct request *req)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Account IO completion.  flush_rq isn't accounted as a
+	 * normal IO on queueing nor completion.  Accounting the
+	 * containing request is enough.
+	 */
+	if (blk_do_io_stat(req) && !(req->cmd_flags & REQ_FLUSH_SEQ)) {
+		unsigned long duration = jiffies - req->start_time;
+		const int rw = rq_data_dir(req);
+		struct hd_struct *part;
+		int cpu;
+
+		cpu = part_stat_lock();
+		part = req->part;
+
+		part_stat_inc(cpu, part, ios[rw]);
+		part_stat_add(cpu, part, ticks[rw], duration);
+		part_round_stats(cpu, part);
+		part_dec_in_flight(part, rw);
+
+		hd_struct_put(part);
+		part_stat_unlock();
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_peek_request - peek at the top of a request queue
+ * @q: request queue to peek at
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Return the request at the top of @q.  The returned request
+ *     should be started using blk_start_request() before LLD starts
+ *     processing it.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     Pointer to the request at the top of @q if available.  Null
+ *     otherwise.
+ *
+ * Context:
+ *     queue_lock must be held.
+ */
+struct request *blk_peek_request(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	struct request *rq;
+	int ret;
+
+	while ((rq = __elv_next_request(q)) != NULL) {
+		if (!(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_STARTED)) {
+			/*
+			 * This is the first time the device driver
+			 * sees this request (possibly after
+			 * requeueing).  Notify IO scheduler.
+			 */
+			if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_SORTED)
+				elv_activate_rq(q, rq);
+
+			/*
+			 * just mark as started even if we don't start
+			 * it, a request that has been delayed should
+			 * not be passed by new incoming requests
+			 */
+			rq->cmd_flags |= REQ_STARTED;
+			trace_block_rq_issue(q, rq);
+		}
+
+		if (!q->boundary_rq || q->boundary_rq == rq) {
+			q->end_sector = rq_end_sector(rq);
+			q->boundary_rq = NULL;
+		}
+
+		if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_DONTPREP)
+			break;
+
+		if (q->dma_drain_size && blk_rq_bytes(rq)) {
+			/*
+			 * make sure space for the drain appears we
+			 * know we can do this because max_hw_segments
+			 * has been adjusted to be one fewer than the
+			 * device can handle
+			 */
+			rq->nr_phys_segments++;
+		}
+
+		if (!q->prep_rq_fn)
+			break;
+
+		ret = q->prep_rq_fn(q, rq);
+		if (ret == BLKPREP_OK) {
+			break;
+		} else if (ret == BLKPREP_DEFER) {
+			/*
+			 * the request may have been (partially) prepped.
+			 * we need to keep this request in the front to
+			 * avoid resource deadlock.  REQ_STARTED will
+			 * prevent other fs requests from passing this one.
+			 */
+			if (q->dma_drain_size && blk_rq_bytes(rq) &&
+			    !(rq->cmd_flags & REQ_DONTPREP)) {
+				/*
+				 * remove the space for the drain we added
+				 * so that we don't add it again
+				 */
+				--rq->nr_phys_segments;
+			}
+
+			rq = NULL;
+			break;
+		} else if (ret == BLKPREP_KILL) {
+			rq->cmd_flags |= REQ_QUIET;
+			/*
+			 * Mark this request as started so we don't trigger
+			 * any debug logic in the end I/O path.
+			 */
+			blk_start_request(rq);
+			__blk_end_request_all(rq, -EIO);
+		} else {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "%s: bad return=%d\n", __func__, ret);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rq;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_peek_request);
+
+void blk_dequeue_request(struct request *rq)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q = rq->q;
+
+	BUG_ON(list_empty(&rq->queuelist));
+	BUG_ON(ELV_ON_HASH(rq));
+
+	list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
+
+	/*
+	 * the time frame between a request being removed from the lists
+	 * and to it is freed is accounted as io that is in progress at
+	 * the driver side.
+	 */
+	if (blk_account_rq(rq)) {
+		q->in_flight[rq_is_sync(rq)]++;
+		set_io_start_time_ns(rq);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_start_request - start request processing on the driver
+ * @req: request to dequeue
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Dequeue @req and start timeout timer on it.  This hands off the
+ *     request to the driver.
+ *
+ *     Block internal functions which don't want to start timer should
+ *     call blk_dequeue_request().
+ *
+ * Context:
+ *     queue_lock must be held.
+ */
+void blk_start_request(struct request *req)
+{
+	blk_dequeue_request(req);
+
+	/*
+	 * We are now handing the request to the hardware, initialize
+	 * resid_len to full count and add the timeout handler.
+	 */
+	req->resid_len = blk_rq_bytes(req);
+	if (unlikely(blk_bidi_rq(req)))
+		req->next_rq->resid_len = blk_rq_bytes(req->next_rq);
+
+	blk_add_timer(req);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_fetch_request - fetch a request from a request queue
+ * @q: request queue to fetch a request from
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Return the request at the top of @q.  The request is started on
+ *     return and LLD can start processing it immediately.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     Pointer to the request at the top of @q if available.  Null
+ *     otherwise.
+ *
+ * Context:
+ *     queue_lock must be held.
+ */
+struct request *blk_fetch_request(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	struct request *rq;
+
+	rq = blk_peek_request(q);
+	if (rq)
+		blk_start_request(rq);
+	return rq;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_fetch_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_update_request - Special helper function for request stacking drivers
+ * @req:      the request being processed
+ * @error:    %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ * @nr_bytes: number of bytes to complete @req
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Ends I/O on a number of bytes attached to @req, but doesn't complete
+ *     the request structure even if @req doesn't have leftover.
+ *     If @req has leftover, sets it up for the next range of segments.
+ *
+ *     This special helper function is only for request stacking drivers
+ *     (e.g. request-based dm) so that they can handle partial completion.
+ *     Actual device drivers should use blk_end_request instead.
+ *
+ *     Passing the result of blk_rq_bytes() as @nr_bytes guarantees
+ *     %false return from this function.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - this request doesn't have any more data
+ *     %true  - this request has more data
+ **/
+bool blk_update_request(struct request *req, int error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
+{
+	int total_bytes, bio_nbytes, next_idx = 0;
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	if (!req->bio)
+		return false;
+
+	trace_block_rq_complete(req->q, req);
+
+	/*
+	 * For fs requests, rq is just carrier of independent bio's
+	 * and each partial completion should be handled separately.
+	 * Reset per-request error on each partial completion.
+	 *
+	 * TODO: tj: This is too subtle.  It would be better to let
+	 * low level drivers do what they see fit.
+	 */
+	if (req->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_FS)
+		req->errors = 0;
+
+	if (error && req->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_FS &&
+	    !(req->cmd_flags & REQ_QUIET)) {
+		char *error_type;
+
+		switch (error) {
+		case -ENOLINK:
+			error_type = "recoverable transport";
+			break;
+		case -EREMOTEIO:
+			error_type = "critical target";
+			break;
+		case -EBADE:
+			error_type = "critical nexus";
+			break;
+		case -EIO:
+		default:
+			error_type = "I/O";
+			break;
+		}
+		printk(KERN_ERR "end_request: %s error, dev %s, sector %llu\n",
+		       error_type, req->rq_disk ? req->rq_disk->disk_name : "?",
+		       (unsigned long long)blk_rq_pos(req));
+	}
+
+	blk_account_io_completion(req, nr_bytes);
+
+	total_bytes = bio_nbytes = 0;
+	while ((bio = req->bio) != NULL) {
+		int nbytes;
+
+		if (nr_bytes >= bio->bi_size) {
+			req->bio = bio->bi_next;
+			nbytes = bio->bi_size;
+			req_bio_endio(req, bio, nbytes, error);
+			next_idx = 0;
+			bio_nbytes = 0;
+		} else {
+			int idx = bio->bi_idx + next_idx;
+
+			if (unlikely(idx >= bio->bi_vcnt)) {
+				blk_dump_rq_flags(req, "__end_that");
+				printk(KERN_ERR "%s: bio idx %d >= vcnt %d\n",
+				       __func__, idx, bio->bi_vcnt);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			nbytes = bio_iovec_idx(bio, idx)->bv_len;
+			BIO_BUG_ON(nbytes > bio->bi_size);
+
+			/*
+			 * not a complete bvec done
+			 */
+			if (unlikely(nbytes > nr_bytes)) {
+				bio_nbytes += nr_bytes;
+				total_bytes += nr_bytes;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * advance to the next vector
+			 */
+			next_idx++;
+			bio_nbytes += nbytes;
+		}
+
+		total_bytes += nbytes;
+		nr_bytes -= nbytes;
+
+		bio = req->bio;
+		if (bio) {
+			/*
+			 * end more in this run, or just return 'not-done'
+			 */
+			if (unlikely(nr_bytes <= 0))
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * completely done
+	 */
+	if (!req->bio) {
+		/*
+		 * Reset counters so that the request stacking driver
+		 * can find how many bytes remain in the request
+		 * later.
+		 */
+		req->__data_len = 0;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if the request wasn't completed, update state
+	 */
+	if (bio_nbytes) {
+		req_bio_endio(req, bio, bio_nbytes, error);
+		bio->bi_idx += next_idx;
+		bio_iovec(bio)->bv_offset += nr_bytes;
+		bio_iovec(bio)->bv_len -= nr_bytes;
+	}
+
+	req->__data_len -= total_bytes;
+	req->buffer = bio_data(req->bio);
+
+	/* update sector only for requests with clear definition of sector */
+	if (req->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_FS || (req->cmd_flags & REQ_DISCARD))
+		req->__sector += total_bytes >> 9;
+
+	/* mixed attributes always follow the first bio */
+	if (req->cmd_flags & REQ_MIXED_MERGE) {
+		req->cmd_flags &= ~REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
+		req->cmd_flags |= req->bio->bi_rw & REQ_FAILFAST_MASK;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If total number of sectors is less than the first segment
+	 * size, something has gone terribly wrong.
+	 */
+	if (blk_rq_bytes(req) < blk_rq_cur_bytes(req)) {
+		blk_dump_rq_flags(req, "request botched");
+		req->__data_len = blk_rq_cur_bytes(req);
+	}
+
+	/* recalculate the number of segments */
+	blk_recalc_rq_segments(req);
+
+	return true;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_update_request);
+
+static bool blk_update_bidi_request(struct request *rq, int error,
+				    unsigned int nr_bytes,
+				    unsigned int bidi_bytes)
+{
+	if (blk_update_request(rq, error, nr_bytes))
+		return true;
+
+	/* Bidi request must be completed as a whole */
+	if (unlikely(blk_bidi_rq(rq)) &&
+	    blk_update_request(rq->next_rq, error, bidi_bytes))
+		return true;
+
+	if (blk_queue_add_random(rq->q))
+		add_disk_randomness(rq->rq_disk);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_unprep_request - unprepare a request
+ * @req:	the request
+ *
+ * This function makes a request ready for complete resubmission (or
+ * completion).  It happens only after all error handling is complete,
+ * so represents the appropriate moment to deallocate any resources
+ * that were allocated to the request in the prep_rq_fn.  The queue
+ * lock is held when calling this.
+ */
+void blk_unprep_request(struct request *req)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q = req->q;
+
+	req->cmd_flags &= ~REQ_DONTPREP;
+	if (q->unprep_rq_fn)
+		q->unprep_rq_fn(q, req);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_unprep_request);
+
+/*
+ * queue lock must be held
+ */
+static void blk_finish_request(struct request *req, int error)
+{
+	if (blk_rq_tagged(req))
+		blk_queue_end_tag(req->q, req);
+
+	BUG_ON(blk_queued_rq(req));
+
+	if (unlikely(laptop_mode) && req->cmd_type == REQ_TYPE_FS)
+		laptop_io_completion(&req->q->backing_dev_info);
+
+	blk_delete_timer(req);
+
+	if (req->cmd_flags & REQ_DONTPREP)
+		blk_unprep_request(req);
+
+
+	blk_account_io_done(req);
+
+	if (req->end_io)
+		req->end_io(req, error);
+	else {
+		if (blk_bidi_rq(req))
+			__blk_put_request(req->next_rq->q, req->next_rq);
+
+		__blk_put_request(req->q, req);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_end_bidi_request - Complete a bidi request
+ * @rq:         the request to complete
+ * @error:      %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ * @nr_bytes:   number of bytes to complete @rq
+ * @bidi_bytes: number of bytes to complete @rq->next_rq
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Ends I/O on a number of bytes attached to @rq and @rq->next_rq.
+ *     Drivers that supports bidi can safely call this member for any
+ *     type of request, bidi or uni.  In the later case @bidi_bytes is
+ *     just ignored.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ **/
+static bool blk_end_bidi_request(struct request *rq, int error,
+				 unsigned int nr_bytes, unsigned int bidi_bytes)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q = rq->q;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (blk_update_bidi_request(rq, error, nr_bytes, bidi_bytes))
+		return true;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
+	blk_finish_request(rq, error);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * __blk_end_bidi_request - Complete a bidi request with queue lock held
+ * @rq:         the request to complete
+ * @error:      %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ * @nr_bytes:   number of bytes to complete @rq
+ * @bidi_bytes: number of bytes to complete @rq->next_rq
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Identical to blk_end_bidi_request() except that queue lock is
+ *     assumed to be locked on entry and remains so on return.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ **/
+static bool __blk_end_bidi_request(struct request *rq, int error,
+				   unsigned int nr_bytes, unsigned int bidi_bytes)
+{
+	if (blk_update_bidi_request(rq, error, nr_bytes, bidi_bytes))
+		return true;
+
+	blk_finish_request(rq, error);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_end_request - Helper function for drivers to complete the request.
+ * @rq:       the request being processed
+ * @error:    %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ * @nr_bytes: number of bytes to complete
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Ends I/O on a number of bytes attached to @rq.
+ *     If @rq has leftover, sets it up for the next range of segments.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ **/
+bool blk_end_request(struct request *rq, int error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
+{
+	return blk_end_bidi_request(rq, error, nr_bytes, 0);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_end_request);
+
+/**
+ * blk_end_request_all - Helper function for drives to finish the request.
+ * @rq: the request to finish
+ * @error: %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Completely finish @rq.
+ */
+void blk_end_request_all(struct request *rq, int error)
+{
+	bool pending;
+	unsigned int bidi_bytes = 0;
+
+	if (unlikely(blk_bidi_rq(rq)))
+		bidi_bytes = blk_rq_bytes(rq->next_rq);
+
+	pending = blk_end_bidi_request(rq, error, blk_rq_bytes(rq), bidi_bytes);
+	BUG_ON(pending);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_end_request_all);
+
+/**
+ * blk_end_request_cur - Helper function to finish the current request chunk.
+ * @rq: the request to finish the current chunk for
+ * @error: %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Complete the current consecutively mapped chunk from @rq.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ */
+bool blk_end_request_cur(struct request *rq, int error)
+{
+	return blk_end_request(rq, error, blk_rq_cur_bytes(rq));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_end_request_cur);
+
+/**
+ * blk_end_request_err - Finish a request till the next failure boundary.
+ * @rq: the request to finish till the next failure boundary for
+ * @error: must be negative errno
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Complete @rq till the next failure boundary.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ */
+bool blk_end_request_err(struct request *rq, int error)
+{
+	WARN_ON(error >= 0);
+	return blk_end_request(rq, error, blk_rq_err_bytes(rq));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_end_request_err);
+
+/**
+ * __blk_end_request - Helper function for drivers to complete the request.
+ * @rq:       the request being processed
+ * @error:    %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ * @nr_bytes: number of bytes to complete
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Must be called with queue lock held unlike blk_end_request().
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ **/
+bool __blk_end_request(struct request *rq, int error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
+{
+	return __blk_end_bidi_request(rq, error, nr_bytes, 0);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blk_end_request);
+
+/**
+ * __blk_end_request_all - Helper function for drives to finish the request.
+ * @rq: the request to finish
+ * @error: %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Completely finish @rq.  Must be called with queue lock held.
+ */
+void __blk_end_request_all(struct request *rq, int error)
+{
+	bool pending;
+	unsigned int bidi_bytes = 0;
+
+	if (unlikely(blk_bidi_rq(rq)))
+		bidi_bytes = blk_rq_bytes(rq->next_rq);
+
+	pending = __blk_end_bidi_request(rq, error, blk_rq_bytes(rq), bidi_bytes);
+	BUG_ON(pending);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blk_end_request_all);
+
+/**
+ * __blk_end_request_cur - Helper function to finish the current request chunk.
+ * @rq: the request to finish the current chunk for
+ * @error: %0 for success, < %0 for error
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Complete the current consecutively mapped chunk from @rq.  Must
+ *     be called with queue lock held.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ */
+bool __blk_end_request_cur(struct request *rq, int error)
+{
+	return __blk_end_request(rq, error, blk_rq_cur_bytes(rq));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blk_end_request_cur);
+
+/**
+ * __blk_end_request_err - Finish a request till the next failure boundary.
+ * @rq: the request to finish till the next failure boundary for
+ * @error: must be negative errno
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Complete @rq till the next failure boundary.  Must be called
+ *     with queue lock held.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *     %false - we are done with this request
+ *     %true  - still buffers pending for this request
+ */
+bool __blk_end_request_err(struct request *rq, int error)
+{
+	WARN_ON(error >= 0);
+	return __blk_end_request(rq, error, blk_rq_err_bytes(rq));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__blk_end_request_err);
+
+void blk_rq_bio_prep(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
+		     struct bio *bio)
+{
+	/* Bit 0 (R/W) is identical in rq->cmd_flags and bio->bi_rw */
+	rq->cmd_flags |= bio->bi_rw & REQ_WRITE;
+
+	if (bio_has_data(bio)) {
+		rq->nr_phys_segments = bio_phys_segments(q, bio);
+		rq->buffer = bio_data(bio);
+	}
+	rq->__data_len = bio->bi_size;
+	rq->bio = rq->biotail = bio;
+
+	if (bio->bi_bdev)
+		rq->rq_disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;
+}
+
+#if ARCH_IMPLEMENTS_FLUSH_DCACHE_PAGE
+/**
+ * rq_flush_dcache_pages - Helper function to flush all pages in a request
+ * @rq: the request to be flushed
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Flush all pages in @rq.
+ */
+void rq_flush_dcache_pages(struct request *rq)
+{
+	struct req_iterator iter;
+	struct bio_vec *bvec;
+
+	rq_for_each_segment(bvec, rq, iter)
+		flush_dcache_page(bvec->bv_page);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rq_flush_dcache_pages);
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * blk_lld_busy - Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy
+ * @q : the queue of the device being checked
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy.
+ *    If the drivers want to export their busy state, they must set own
+ *    exporting function using blk_queue_lld_busy() first.
+ *
+ *    Basically, this function is used only by request stacking drivers
+ *    to stop dispatching requests to underlying devices when underlying
+ *    devices are busy.  This behavior helps more I/O merging on the queue
+ *    of the request stacking driver and prevents I/O throughput regression
+ *    on burst I/O load.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ *    0 - Not busy (The request stacking driver should dispatch request)
+ *    1 - Busy (The request stacking driver should stop dispatching request)
+ */
+int blk_lld_busy(struct request_queue *q)
+{
+	if (q->lld_busy_fn)
+		return q->lld_busy_fn(q);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_lld_busy);
+
+/**
+ * blk_rq_unprep_clone - Helper function to free all bios in a cloned request
+ * @rq: the clone request to be cleaned up
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Free all bios in @rq for a cloned request.
+ */
+void blk_rq_unprep_clone(struct request *rq)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+
+	while ((bio = rq->bio) != NULL) {
+		rq->bio = bio->bi_next;
+
+		bio_put(bio);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_rq_unprep_clone);
+
+/*
+ * Copy attributes of the original request to the clone request.
+ * The actual data parts (e.g. ->cmd, ->buffer, ->sense) are not copied.
+ */
+static void __blk_rq_prep_clone(struct request *dst, struct request *src)
+{
+	dst->cpu = src->cpu;
+	dst->cmd_flags = (src->cmd_flags & REQ_CLONE_MASK) | REQ_NOMERGE;
+	dst->cmd_type = src->cmd_type;
+	dst->__sector = blk_rq_pos(src);
+	dst->__data_len = blk_rq_bytes(src);
+	dst->nr_phys_segments = src->nr_phys_segments;
+	dst->ioprio = src->ioprio;
+	dst->extra_len = src->extra_len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * blk_rq_prep_clone - Helper function to setup clone request
+ * @rq: the request to be setup
+ * @rq_src: original request to be cloned
+ * @bs: bio_set that bios for clone are allocated from
+ * @gfp_mask: memory allocation mask for bio
+ * @bio_ctr: setup function to be called for each clone bio.
+ *           Returns %0 for success, non %0 for failure.
+ * @data: private data to be passed to @bio_ctr
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *     Clones bios in @rq_src to @rq, and copies attributes of @rq_src to @rq.
+ *     The actual data parts of @rq_src (e.g. ->cmd, ->buffer, ->sense)
+ *     are not copied, and copying such parts is the caller's responsibility.
+ *     Also, pages which the original bios are pointing to are not copied
+ *     and the cloned bios just point same pages.
+ *     So cloned bios must be completed before original bios, which means
+ *     the caller must complete @rq before @rq_src.
+ */
+int blk_rq_prep_clone(struct request *rq, struct request *rq_src,
+		      struct bio_set *bs, gfp_t gfp_mask,
+		      int (*bio_ctr)(struct bio *, struct bio *, void *),
+		      void *data)
+{
+	struct bio *bio, *bio_src;
+
+	if (!bs)
+		bs = fs_bio_set;
+
+	blk_rq_init(NULL, rq);
+
+	__rq_for_each_bio(bio_src, rq_src) {
+		bio = bio_alloc_bioset(gfp_mask, bio_src->bi_max_vecs, bs);
+		if (!bio)
+			goto free_and_out;
+
+		__bio_clone(bio, bio_src);
+
+		if (bio_integrity(bio_src) &&
+		    bio_integrity_clone(bio, bio_src, gfp_mask, bs))
+			goto free_and_out;
+
+		if (bio_ctr && bio_ctr(bio, bio_src, data))
+			goto free_and_out;
+
+		if (rq->bio) {
+			rq->biotail->bi_next = bio;
+			rq->biotail = bio;
+		} else
+			rq->bio = rq->biotail = bio;
+	}
+
+	__blk_rq_prep_clone(rq, rq_src);
+
+	return 0;
+
+free_and_out:
+	if (bio)
+		bio_free(bio, bs);
+	blk_rq_unprep_clone(rq);
+
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_rq_prep_clone);
+
+int kblockd_schedule_work(struct request_queue *q, struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	return queue_work(kblockd_workqueue, work);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_schedule_work);
+
+int kblockd_schedule_delayed_work(struct request_queue *q,
+			struct delayed_work *dwork, unsigned long delay)
+{
+	return queue_delayed_work(kblockd_workqueue, dwork, delay);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_schedule_delayed_work);
+
+#define PLUG_MAGIC	0x91827364
+
+void blk_start_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
+{
+	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
+
+	plug->magic = PLUG_MAGIC;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&plug->list);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&plug->cb_list);
+	plug->should_sort = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a nested plug, don't actually assign it. It will be
+	 * flushed on its own.
+	 */
+	if (!tsk->plug) {
+		/*
+		 * Store ordering should not be needed here, since a potential
+		 * preempt will imply a full memory barrier
+		 */
+		tsk->plug = plug;
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_plug);
+
+static int plug_rq_cmp(void *priv, struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b)
+{
+	struct request *rqa = container_of(a, struct request, queuelist);
+	struct request *rqb = container_of(b, struct request, queuelist);
+
+	return !(rqa->q <= rqb->q);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If 'from_schedule' is true, then postpone the dispatch of requests
+ * until a safe kblockd context. We due this to avoid accidental big
+ * additional stack usage in driver dispatch, in places where the originally
+ * plugger did not intend it.
+ */
+static void queue_unplugged(struct request_queue *q, unsigned int depth,
+			    bool from_schedule)
+	__releases(q->queue_lock)
+{
+	trace_block_unplug(q, depth, !from_schedule);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are punting this to kblockd, then we can safely drop
+	 * the queue_lock before waking kblockd (which needs to take
+	 * this lock).
+	 */
+	if (from_schedule) {
+		spin_unlock(q->queue_lock);
+		blk_run_queue_async(q);
+	} else {
+		__blk_run_queue(q);
+		spin_unlock(q->queue_lock);
+	}
+
+}
+
+static void flush_plug_callbacks(struct blk_plug *plug)
+{
+	LIST_HEAD(callbacks);
+
+	if (list_empty(&plug->cb_list))
+		return;
+
+	list_splice_init(&plug->cb_list, &callbacks);
+
+	while (!list_empty(&callbacks)) {
+		struct blk_plug_cb *cb = list_first_entry(&callbacks,
+							  struct blk_plug_cb,
+							  list);
+		list_del(&cb->list);
+		cb->callback(cb);
+	}
+}
+
+void blk_flush_plug_list(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct request *rq;
+	LIST_HEAD(list);
+	unsigned int depth;
+
+	BUG_ON(plug->magic != PLUG_MAGIC);
+
+	flush_plug_callbacks(plug);
+	if (list_empty(&plug->list))
+		return;
+
+	list_splice_init(&plug->list, &list);
+
+	if (plug->should_sort) {
+		list_sort(NULL, &list, plug_rq_cmp);
+		plug->should_sort = 0;
+	}
+
+	q = NULL;
+	depth = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Save and disable interrupts here, to avoid doing it for every
+	 * queue lock we have to take.
+	 */
+	local_irq_save(flags);
+	while (!list_empty(&list)) {
+		rq = list_entry_rq(list.next);
+		list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
+		BUG_ON(!rq->q);
+		if (rq->q != q) {
+			/*
+			 * This drops the queue lock
+			 */
+			if (q)
+				queue_unplugged(q, depth, from_schedule);
+			q = rq->q;
+			depth = 0;
+			spin_lock(q->queue_lock);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * rq is already accounted, so use raw insert
+		 */
+		if (rq->cmd_flags & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA))
+			__elv_add_request(q, rq, ELEVATOR_INSERT_FLUSH);
+		else
+			__elv_add_request(q, rq, ELEVATOR_INSERT_SORT_MERGE);
+
+		depth++;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This drops the queue lock
+	 */
+	if (q)
+		queue_unplugged(q, depth, from_schedule);
+
+	local_irq_restore(flags);
+}
+
+void blk_finish_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
+{
+	blk_flush_plug_list(plug, false);
+
+	if (plug == current->plug)
+		current->plug = NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_finish_plug);
+
+int __init blk_dev_init(void)
+{
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(__REQ_NR_BITS > 8 *
+			sizeof(((struct request *)0)->cmd_flags));
+
+	/* used for unplugging and affects IO latency/throughput - HIGHPRI */
+	kblockd_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("kblockd",
+					    WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_HIGHPRI, 0);
+	if (!kblockd_workqueue)
+		panic("Failed to create kblockd\n");
+
+	request_cachep = kmem_cache_create("blkdev_requests",
+			sizeof(struct request), 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
+
+	blk_requestq_cachep = kmem_cache_create("blkdev_queue",
+			sizeof(struct request_queue), 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
+
+	return 0;
+}