path: root/passes/sat/qbfsat.cc

/*
 *  yosys -- Yosys Open SYnthesis Suite
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2020  Alberto Gonzalez <boqwxp@airmail.cc>
 *
 *  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 *  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 *  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 *  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 *  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 *  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 *  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 *  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include "kernel/yosys.h"
#include "kernel/celltypes.h"
#include "kernel/log.h"
#include "kernel/rtlil.h"
#include "kernel/register.h"
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>

#if defined(_WIN32)
#  define WIFEXITED(x) 1
#  define WIFSIGNALED(x) 0
#  define WIFSTOPPED(x) 0
#  define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
#  define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
#else
#  include <sys/wait.h>
#endif

USING_YOSYS_NAMESPACE
PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

struct QbfSolutionType {
	std::vector<std::string> stdout_lines;
	dict<std::string, std::string> hole_to_value;
	bool sat;
	bool unknown; //true if neither 'sat' nor 'unsat'
	bool success; //true if exit code 0

	QbfSolutionType() : sat(false), unknown(true), success(false) {}
};

struct QbfSolveOptions {
	bool specialize, specialize_from_file, write_solution, nocleanup, dump_final_smt2, assume_outputs, assume_neg;
	bool sat, unsat, show_smtbmc;
	std::string specialize_soln_file;
	std::string write_soln_soln_file;
	std::string dump_final_smt2_file;
	size_t argidx;
	QbfSolveOptions() : specialize(false), specialize_from_file(false), write_solution(false),
			nocleanup(false), dump_final_smt2(false), assume_outputs(false), assume_neg(false),
			sat(false), unsat(false), show_smtbmc(false), argidx(0) {};
};

void recover_solution(QbfSolutionType &sol) {
	YS_REGEX_TYPE sat_regex = YS_REGEX_COMPILE("Status: PASSED");
	YS_REGEX_TYPE unsat_regex = YS_REGEX_COMPILE("Solver Error.*model is not available");
	YS_REGEX_TYPE hole_value_regex = YS_REGEX_COMPILE_WITH_SUBS("Value for anyconst in [a-zA-Z0-9_]* \\(([^:]*:[^\\)]*)\\): (.*)");
#ifndef NDEBUG
	YS_REGEX_TYPE hole_loc_regex = YS_REGEX_COMPILE("[^:]*:[0-9]+.[0-9]+-[0-9]+.[0-9]+");
	YS_REGEX_TYPE hole_val_regex = YS_REGEX_COMPILE("[0-9]+");
#endif
	YS_REGEX_MATCH_TYPE m;
	bool sat_regex_found = false;
	bool unsat_regex_found = false;
	dict<std::string, bool> hole_value_recovered;
	for (const std::string &x : sol.stdout_lines) {
		if(YS_REGEX_NS::regex_search(x, m, hole_value_regex)) {
			std::string loc = m[1].str();
			std::string val = m[2].str();
#ifndef NDEBUG
			log_assert(YS_REGEX_NS::regex_search(loc, hole_loc_regex));
			log_assert(YS_REGEX_NS::regex_search(val, hole_val_regex));
#endif
			sol.hole_to_value[loc] = val;
		}
		else if (YS_REGEX_NS::regex_search(x, sat_regex))
			sat_regex_found = true;
		else if (YS_REGEX_NS::regex_search(x, unsat_regex))
			unsat_regex_found = true;
	}
#ifndef NDEBUG
	log_assert(!sol.unknown && sol.sat? sat_regex_found : true);
	log_assert(!sol.unknown && !sol.sat? unsat_regex_found : true);
#endif
}

dict<std::string, std::string> get_hole_loc_name_map(RTLIL::Module *module, const QbfSolutionType &sol) {
	dict<std::string, std::string> hole_loc_to_name;
	for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
		std::string cell_src = cell->get_src_attribute();
		auto pos = sol.hole_to_value.find(cell_src);
		if (pos != sol.hole_to_value.end() && cell->type.in("$anyconst", "$anyseq")) {
			log_assert(hole_loc_to_name.find(pos->first) == hole_loc_to_name.end());
			hole_loc_to_name[pos->first] = cell->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire()->name.str();
		}
	}

	return hole_loc_to_name;
}

void write_solution(RTLIL::Module *module, const QbfSolutionType &sol, const std::string &file) {
	std::ofstream fout(file.c_str());
	if (!fout)
		log_cmd_error("could not open solution file for writing.\n");

	dict<std::string, std::string> hole_loc_to_name = get_hole_loc_name_map(module, sol);
	for(auto &x : sol.hole_to_value)
		fout << hole_loc_to_name[x.first] << "=" << x.second << std::endl;
}

void specialize_from_file(RTLIL::Module *module, const std::string &file) {
	YS_REGEX_TYPE hole_assn_regex = YS_REGEX_COMPILE_WITH_SUBS("^(.*)=([01]+)$");
	YS_REGEX_MATCH_TYPE m;
	pool<RTLIL::Cell *> anyconsts_to_remove;
	dict<std::string, std::string> hole_name_to_value;
	std::ifstream fin(file.c_str());
	if (!fin)
		log_cmd_error("could not read solution file.\n");

	std::string buf;
	while (std::getline(fin, buf)) {
		log_assert(YS_REGEX_NS::regex_search(buf, m, hole_assn_regex));
		std::string hole_name = m[1].str();
		std::string hole_value = m[2].str();
		hole_name_to_value[hole_name] = hole_value;
	}

	for (auto cell : module->cells())
		if (cell->type == "$anyconst") {
			auto anyconst_port_y = cell->getPort(ID::Y).as_wire();
			if (anyconst_port_y == nullptr)
				continue;
			if (hole_name_to_value.find(anyconst_port_y->name.str()) != hole_name_to_value.end())
				anyconsts_to_remove.insert(cell);
		}
	for (auto cell : anyconsts_to_remove)
		module->remove(cell);

	for (auto &it : hole_name_to_value) {
		std::string hole_name = it.first;
		std::string hole_value = it.second;
		RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(hole_name);
#ifndef NDEBUG
		log_assert(wire != nullptr);
		log_assert(wire->width > 0 && GetSize(hole_value) == wire->width);
#endif

		log("Specializing %s from file with %s = %d'b%s.\n", module->name.c_str(), hole_name.c_str(), wire->width, hole_value.c_str());
		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> value_bv;
		value_bv.reserve(wire->width);
		for (char c : hole_value)
			value_bv.emplace_back(c == '1'? RTLIL::S1 : RTLIL::S0);
		std::reverse(value_bv.begin(), value_bv.end());
		module->connect(wire, value_bv);
	}
}

void specialize(RTLIL::Module *module, const QbfSolutionType &sol) {
	dict<std::string, std::string> hole_loc_to_name = get_hole_loc_name_map(module, sol);
	pool<RTLIL::Cell *> anyconsts_to_remove;
	for (auto cell : module->cells())
		if (cell->type == "$anyconst")
			if (hole_loc_to_name.find(cell->get_src_attribute()) != hole_loc_to_name.end())
				anyconsts_to_remove.insert(cell);
	for (auto cell : anyconsts_to_remove)
		module->remove(cell);
	for (auto &it : sol.hole_to_value) {
		std::string hole_loc = it.first;
		std::string hole_value = it.second;

#ifndef NDEBUG
		auto pos = hole_loc_to_name.find(hole_loc);
		log_assert(pos != hole_loc_to_name.end());
#endif

		std::string hole_name = hole_loc_to_name[hole_loc];
		RTLIL::Wire *wire = module->wire(hole_name);
#ifndef NDEBUG
		log_assert(wire != nullptr);
		log_assert(wire->width > 0 && GetSize(hole_value) == wire->width);
#endif

		log("Specializing %s with %s = %d'b%s.\n", module->name.c_str(), hole_name.c_str(), wire->width, hole_value.c_str());
		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> value_bv;
		value_bv.reserve(wire->width);
		for (char c : hole_value)
			value_bv.emplace_back(c == '1'? RTLIL::S1 : RTLIL::S0);
		std::reverse(value_bv.begin(), value_bv.end());
		module->connect(wire, value_bv);
	}
}

void dump_model(RTLIL::Module *module, const QbfSolutionType &sol) {
	log("Satisfiable model:\n");
	dict<std::string, std::string> hole_loc_to_name = get_hole_loc_name_map(module, sol);
	for (auto &it : sol.hole_to_value) {
		std::string hole_loc = it.first;
		std::string hole_value = it.second;

#ifndef NDEBUG
		auto pos = hole_loc_to_name.find(hole_loc);
		log_assert(pos != hole_loc_to_name.end());
#endif

		std::string hole_name = hole_loc_to_name[hole_loc];
		log("\t%s = %lu'b%s\n", hole_name.c_str(), hole_value.size(), hole_value.c_str());
		std::vector<RTLIL::SigBit> value_bv;
		value_bv.reserve(hole_value.size());
		for (char c : hole_value)
			value_bv.emplace_back(c == '1'? RTLIL::S1 : RTLIL::S0);
		std::reverse(value_bv.begin(), value_bv.end());
	}

}

void allconstify_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, const pool<std::string> &input_wires) {
	for (auto &n : input_wires) {
		RTLIL::Wire *input = module->wire(n);
#ifndef NDEBUG
		log_assert(input != nullptr);
#endif

		RTLIL::Cell *allconst = module->addCell("$allconst$" + n, "$allconst");
		allconst->setParam(ID(WIDTH), input->width);
		allconst->setPort(ID::Y, input);
		allconst->set_src_attribute(input->get_src_attribute());
		input->port_input = false;
		log("Replaced input %s with $allconst cell.\n", n.c_str());
	}
	module->fixup_ports();
}

void assume_miter_outputs(RTLIL::Module *module, const QbfSolveOptions &opt) {
	std::vector<RTLIL::Wire *> wires_to_assume;
	for (auto w : module->wires())
		if (w->port_output && w->width == 1)
			wires_to_assume.push_back(w);

	if (wires_to_assume.size() == 0)
		return;
	else {
		log("Adding $assume cell for output(s): ");
		for (auto w : wires_to_assume)
			log("\"%s\" ", w->name.c_str());
		log("\n");
	}

	if (opt.assume_neg) {
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < wires_to_assume.size(); ++i) {
			RTLIL::SigSpec n_wire = module->LogicNot(wires_to_assume[i]->name.str() + "__n__qbfsat", wires_to_assume[i], false, wires_to_assume[i]->get_src_attribute());
			wires_to_assume[i] = n_wire.as_wire();
		}
	}

	for (auto i = 0; wires_to_assume.size() > 1; ++i) {
		std::vector<RTLIL::Wire *> buf;
		for (auto j = 0; j + 1 < GetSize(wires_to_assume); j += 2) {
			std::stringstream strstr; strstr << i << "_" << j;
			RTLIL::Wire *and_wire = module->addWire("\\_qbfsat_and_" + strstr.str(), 1);
			module->addLogicAnd("$_qbfsat_and_" + strstr.str(), wires_to_assume[j], wires_to_assume[j+1], and_wire, false, wires_to_assume[j]->get_src_attribute());
			buf.push_back(and_wire);
		}
		if (wires_to_assume.size() % 2 == 1)
			buf.push_back(wires_to_assume[wires_to_assume.size() - 1]);
		wires_to_assume.swap(buf);
	}

#ifndef NDEBUG
	log_assert(wires_to_assume.size() == 1);
#endif
	module->addAssume("$assume_qbfsat_miter_outputs", wires_to_assume[0], RTLIL::S1);
}

QbfSolutionType qbf_solve(RTLIL::Module *mod, const QbfSolveOptions &opt) {
	QbfSolutionType ret;
	const std::string yosys_smtbmc_exe = proc_self_dirname() + "yosys-smtbmc";
	const std::string smtbmc_warning = "z3: WARNING:";
	const bool show_smtbmc = opt.show_smtbmc;

	const std::string tempdir_name = make_temp_dir("/tmp/yosys-z3-XXXXXX");
	const std::string smt2_command = "write_smt2 -stbv -wires " + tempdir_name + "/problem.smt2";
#ifndef NDEBUG
	log_assert(mod->design != nullptr);
#endif
	Pass::call(mod->design, smt2_command);
	log_header(mod->design, "Solving QBF-SAT problem.\n");

	//Execute and capture stdout from `yosys-smtbmc -s z3 -t 1 -g --binary [--dump-smt2 <file>]`
	{
		const std::string cmd = yosys_smtbmc_exe + " -s z3 -t 1 -g --binary " + (opt.dump_final_smt2? "--dump-smt2 " + opt.dump_final_smt2_file + " " : "") + tempdir_name + "/problem.smt2 2>&1";
		auto process_line = [&ret, &smtbmc_warning, &show_smtbmc](const std::string &line) {
			ret.stdout_lines.push_back(line.substr(0, line.size()-1)); //don't include trailing newline
			auto warning_pos = line.find(smtbmc_warning);
			if (warning_pos != std::string::npos)
				log_warning("%s", line.substr(warning_pos + smtbmc_warning.size() + 1).c_str());
			else
				if (show_smtbmc)
					log("smtbmc output: %s", line.c_str());
		};

		log("Launching \"%s\".\n", cmd.c_str());
		int retval = run_command(cmd, process_line);
		if (retval == 0) {
			ret.sat = true;
			ret.unknown = false;
		} else if (retval == 1) {
			ret.sat = false;
			ret.unknown = false;
		}
	}

	if(!opt.nocleanup)
		remove_directory(tempdir_name);

	recover_solution(ret);

	return ret;
}

pool<std::string> validate_design_and_get_inputs(RTLIL::Module *module, const QbfSolveOptions &opt) {
	bool found_input = false;
	bool found_hole = false;
	bool found_1bit_output = false;
	bool found_assert_assume = false;
	pool<std::string> input_wires;
	for (auto wire : module->wires()) {
		if (wire->port_input) {
			found_input = true;
			input_wires.insert(wire->name.str());
		}
		if (wire->port_output && wire->width == 1)
			found_1bit_output = true;
	}
	for (auto cell : module->cells()) {
		if (cell->type == "$allconst")
			found_input = true;
		if (cell->type == "$anyconst")
			found_hole = true;
		if (cell->type.in("$assert", "$assume"))
			found_assert_assume = true;
	}
	if (!found_input)
		log_cmd_error("Can't perform QBF-SAT on a miter with no inputs!\n");
	if (!found_hole)
		log_cmd_error("Did not find any existentially-quantified variables. Use 'sat' instead.\n");
	if (!found_1bit_output && !found_assert_assume)
		log_cmd_error("Did not find any single-bit outputs or $assert/$assume cells. Is this a miter circuit?\n");
	if (!found_assert_assume && !opt.assume_outputs)
		log_cmd_error("Did not find any $assert/$assume cells. Single-bit outputs were found, but `-assume-outputs` was not specified.\n");

	return input_wires;
}

QbfSolveOptions parse_args(const std::vector<std::string> &args) {
	QbfSolveOptions opt;
	for (opt.argidx = 1; opt.argidx < args.size(); opt.argidx++) {
		if (args[opt.argidx] == "-nocleanup") {
			opt.nocleanup = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-specialize") {
			opt.specialize = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-assume-outputs") {
			opt.assume_outputs = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-assume-negative-polarity") {
			opt.assume_neg = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-sat") {
			opt.sat = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-unsat") {
			opt.unsat = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-show-smtbmc") {
			opt.show_smtbmc = true;
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-dump-final-smt2") {
			opt.dump_final_smt2 = true;
			if (args.size() <= opt.argidx + 1)
				log_cmd_error("smt2 file not specified.\n");
			else
				opt.dump_final_smt2_file = args[++opt.argidx];
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-specialize-from-file") {
			opt.specialize_from_file = true;
			if (args.size() <= opt.argidx + 1)
				log_cmd_error("solution file not specified.\n");
			else
				opt.specialize_soln_file = args[++opt.argidx];
			continue;
		}
		else if (args[opt.argidx] == "-write-solution") {
			opt.write_solution = true;
			if (args.size() <= opt.argidx + 1)
				log_cmd_error("solution file not specified.\n");
			else
				opt.write_soln_soln_file = args[++opt.argidx];
			continue;
		}
		break;
	}

	return opt;
}

void print_proof_failed()
{
	log("\n");
	log("   ______                   ___       ___       _ _            _ _ \n");
	log("  (_____ \\                 / __)     / __)     (_) |          | | |\n");
	log("   _____) )___ ___   ___ _| |__    _| |__ _____ _| | _____  __| | |\n");
	log("  |  ____/ ___) _ \\ / _ (_   __)  (_   __|____ | | || ___ |/ _  |_|\n");
	log("  | |   | |  | |_| | |_| || |       | |  / ___ | | || ____( (_| |_ \n");
	log("  |_|   |_|   \\___/ \\___/ |_|       |_|  \\_____|_|\\_)_____)\\____|_|\n");
	log("\n");
}

void print_qed()
{
	log("\n");
	log("                  /$$$$$$      /$$$$$$$$     /$$$$$$$    \n");
	log("                 /$$__  $$    | $$_____/    | $$__  $$   \n");
	log("                | $$  \\ $$    | $$          | $$  \\ $$   \n");
	log("                | $$  | $$    | $$$$$       | $$  | $$   \n");
	log("                | $$  | $$    | $$__/       | $$  | $$   \n");
	log("                | $$/$$ $$    | $$          | $$  | $$   \n");
	log("                |  $$$$$$/ /$$| $$$$$$$$ /$$| $$$$$$$//$$\n");
	log("                 \\____ $$$|__/|________/|__/|_______/|__/\n");
	log("                       \\__/                              \n");
	log("\n");
}

struct QbfSatPass : public Pass {
	QbfSatPass() : Pass("qbfsat", "solve a 2QBF-SAT problem in the circuit") { }
	void help() YS_OVERRIDE
	{
		//   |---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|---v---|
		log("\n");
		log("    qbfsat [options] [selection]\n");
		log("\n");
		log("This command solves a 2QBF-SAT problem defined over the currently selected module.\n");
		log("Existentially-quantified variables are declared by assigning a wire \"$anyconst\".\n");
		log("Universally-quantified variables may be explicitly declared by assigning a wire\n");
		log("\"$allconst\", but module inputs will be treated as universally-quantified variables\n");
		log("by default.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -nocleanup\n");
		log("        Do not delete temporary files and directories.  Useful for\n");
		log("        debugging.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -dump-final-smt2 <file>\n");
		log("        Pass the --dump-smt2 option to yosys-smtbmc.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -assume-outputs\n");
		log("        Add an $assume cell for the conjunction of all one-bit module output wires.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -assume-negative-polarity\n");
		log("        When adding $assume cells for one-bit module output wires, assume they are\n");
		log("        negative polarity signals and should always be low, for example like the\n");
		log("        miters created with the `miter` command.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -sat\n");
		log("        Generate an error if the solver does not return \"sat\".\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -unsat\n");
		log("        Generate an error if the solver does not return \"unsat\".\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -show-smtbmc\n");
		log("        Print the output from yosys-smtbmc.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -specialize\n");
		log("        Replace all \"$anyconst\" cells with constant values determined by the solver.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -specialize-from-file <solution file>\n");
		log("        Do not run the solver, but instead only attempt to replace all \"$anyconst\"\n");
		log("        cells in the current module with values provided by the specified file.\n");
		log("\n");
		log("    -write-solution <solution file>\n");
		log("        Write the assignments discovered by the solver for all \"$anyconst\" cells\n");
		log("        to the specified file.");
		log("\n");
		log("\n");
	}

	void execute(std::vector<std::string> args, RTLIL::Design *design) YS_OVERRIDE
	{
		log_header(design, "Executing QBFSAT pass (solving QBF-SAT problems in the circuit).\n");
		QbfSolveOptions opt = parse_args(args);
		extra_args(args, opt.argidx, design);

		RTLIL::Module *module = nullptr;
		for (auto mod : design->selected_modules()) {
			if (module)
				log_cmd_error("Only one module must be selected for the QBF-SAT pass! (selected: %s and %s)\n", log_id(module), log_id(mod));
			module = mod;
		}
		if (module == nullptr)
			log_cmd_error("Can't perform QBF-SAT on an empty selection!\n");

		log_push();
		if (!opt.specialize_from_file) {
			//Save the design to restore after modiyfing the current module.
			std::string module_name = module->name.str();
			Pass::call(design, "design -push-copy");

			//Replace input wires with wires assigned $allconst cells.
			pool<std::string> input_wires = validate_design_and_get_inputs(module, opt);
			allconstify_inputs(module, input_wires);
			if (opt.assume_outputs)
				assume_miter_outputs(module, opt);

			QbfSolutionType ret = qbf_solve(module, opt);
			Pass::call(design, "design -pop");
			module = design->module(module_name);

			if (ret.unknown)
				log_warning("solver did not give an answer\n");
			else if (ret.sat)
				print_qed();
			else
				print_proof_failed();

			if(!ret.unknown && ret.sat) {
				if (opt.write_solution) {
					write_solution(module, ret, opt.write_soln_soln_file);
				}
				if (opt.specialize) {
					specialize(module, ret);
				} else {
					dump_model(module, ret);
				}
				if (opt.unsat)
					log_cmd_error("expected problem to be UNSAT\n");
			}
			else if (!ret.unknown && !ret.sat && opt.sat)
				log_cmd_error("expected problem to be SAT\n");
			else if (ret.unknown && (opt.sat || opt.unsat))
				log_cmd_error("expected problem to be %s\n", opt.sat? "SAT" : "UNSAT");
		} else
			specialize_from_file(module, opt.specialize_soln_file);
		log_pop();
	}
} QbfSatPass;

PRIVATE_NAMESPACE_END