util/flashrom_udev.rules


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# Xen Hypervisor Command Line Options

This document covers the command line options which the Xen
Hypervisor.

## Types of parameter

Most parameters take the form `option=value`.  Different options on
the command line should be space delimited.  All options are case
sensitive, as are all values unless explicitly noted.

### Boolean (`<boolean>`)

All boolean option may be explicitly enabled using a `value` of
> `yes`, `on`, `true`, `enable` or `1`

They may be explicitly disabled using a `value` of
> `no`, `off`, `false`, `disable` or `0`

In addition, a boolean option may be enabled by simply stating its
name, and may be disabled by prefixing its name with `no-`.

####Examples

Enable noreboot mode
> `noreboot=true`

Disable x2apic support (if present)
> `x2apic=off`

Enable synchronous console mode
> `sync_console`

Explicitly specifying any value other than those listed above is
undefined, as is stacking a `no-` prefix with an explicit value.

### Integer (`<integer>`)

An integer parameter will default to decimal and may be prefixed with
a `-` for negative numbers.  Alternatively, a hexadecimal number may be
used by prefixing the number with `0x`, or an octal number may be used
if a leading `0` is present.

Providing a string which does not validly convert to an integer is
undefined.

### Size (`<size>`)

A size parameter may be any integer, with a size suffix

* `G` or `g`: GiB (2^30)
* `M` or `m`: MiB (2^20)
* `K` or `k`: KiB (2^10)
* `B` or `b`: Bytes

Without a size suffix, the default will be kilo.  Providing a suffix
other than those listed above is undefined.

### String

Many parameters are more complicated and require more intricate
configuration.  The detailed description of each individual parameter
specify which values are valid.

### List

Some options take a comma separated list of values.

### Combination

Some parameters act as combinations of the above, most commonly a mix
of Boolean and String.  These are noted in the relevant sections.

## Parameter details

### acpi
> `= force | ht | noirq | <boolean>`

**String**, or **Boolean** to disable.

The **acpi** option is used to control a set of four related boolean
flags; `acpi_force`, `acpi_ht`, `acpi_noirq` and `acpi_disabled`.

By default, Xen will scan the DMI data and blacklist certain systems
which are known to have broken ACPI setups.  Providing `acpi=force`
will cause Xen to ignore the blacklist and attempt to use all ACPI
features.

Using `acpi=ht` causes Xen to parse the ACPI tables enough to
enumerate all CPUs, but will not use other ACPI features.  This is not
common, and only has an effect if your system is blacklisted.

The `acpi=noirq` option causes Xen to not parse the ACPI MADT table
looking for IO-APIC entries.  This is also not common, and any system
which requires this option to function should be blacklisted.
Additionally, this will not prevent Xen from finding IO-APIC entries
from the MP tables.

Finally, any of the boolean false options can be used to disable ACPI
usage entirely.

Because responsibility for ACPI processing is shared between Xen and
the domain 0 kernel this option is automatically propagated to the
domain 0 command line

### acpi\_apic\_instance
> `= <integer>`

Specify which ACPI MADT table to parse for APIC information, if more
than one is present.

### acpi\_pstate\_strict
> `= <integer>`

### acpi\_skip\_timer\_override
> `= <boolean>`

Instruct Xen to ignore timer-interrupt override.

Because responsibility for ACPI processing is shared between Xen and
the domain 0 kernel this option is automatically propagated to the
domain 0 command line

### acpi\_sleep
> `= s3_bios | s3_mode`

### allowsuperpage
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `true`

Permit Xen to use superpages when performing memory management.

### apic
> `= bigsmp | default`

Override Xen's logic for choosing the APIC driver.  By default, if
there are more than 8 CPUs, Xen will switch to `bigsmp` over
`default`.

### allow\_unsafe
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `false`

Force boot on potentially unsafe systems. By default Xen will refuse
to boot on systems with the following errata:

* AMD Erratum 121. Processors with this erratum are subject to a guest
  triggerable Denial of Service. Override only if you trust all of
  your PV guests.

### apic\_verbosity
> `= verbose | debug`

Increase the verbosity of the APIC code from the default value.

### ats
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `true`

Permits Xen to set up and use PCI Address Translation Services, which
is required for PCI Passthrough.

### availmem
> `= <size>`

> Default: `0` (no limit)

Specify a maximum amount of available memory, to which Xen will clamp
the e820 table.

### badpage
> `= List of [ <integer> | <integer>-<integer> ]`

Specify that certain pages, or certain ranges of pages contain bad
bytes and should not be used.  For example, if your memory tester says
that byte `0x12345678` is bad, you would place `badpage=0x12345` on
Xen's command line.

### bootscrub
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `true`

Scrub free RAM during boot.  This is a safety feature to prevent
accidentally leaking sensitive VM data into other VMs if Xen crashes
and reboots.

### cachesize
> `= <size>`

If set, override Xen's calculation of the level 2 cache line size.

### clocksource
> `= pit | hpet | acpi`

If set, override Xen's default choice for the platform timer.

### com1,com2
> `= <baud>[/<clock_hz>][,[DPS][,[<io-base>|pci|amt][,[<irq>][,[<port-bdf>][,[<bridge-bdf>]]]]]]`

Both option `com1` and `com2` follow the same format.

* `<baud>` may be either an integer baud rate, or the string `auto` if
  the bootloader or other earlier firmware has already set it up.
* Optionally, a clock speed measured in hz can be specified.
* `DPS` represents the number of data bits, the parity, and the number
  of stop bits.

  `D` is an integer between 5 and 8 for the number of data bits.

  `P` is a single character representing the type of parity:

   * `n` No
   * `o` Odd
   * `e` Even
   * `m` Mark
   * `s` Space

  `S` is an integer 1 or 2 for the number of stop bits.

* `<io-base>` is an integer which specifies the IO base port for UART
  registers.
* `<irq>` is the IRQ number to use, or `0` to use the UART in poll
  mode only.
* `<port-bdf>` is the PCI location of the UART, in
  `<bus>:<device>.<function>` notation.
* `<bridge-bdf>` is the PCI bridge behind which is the UART, in
  `<bus>:<device>.<function>` notation.
* `pci` indicates that Xen should scan the PCI bus for the UART,
  avoiding Intel AMT devices.
* `amt` indicated that Xen should scan the PCI bus for the UART,
  including Intel AMT devices if present.

A typical setup for most situations might be `com1=115200,8n1`

### conring\_size
> `= <size>`

> Default: `conring_size=16k`

Specify the size of the console ring buffer.

### console
> `= List of [ vga | com1[H,L] | com2[H,L] | dbgp | none ]`

> Default: `console=com1,vga`

Specify which console(s) Xen should use.

`vga` indicates that Xen should try and use the vga graphics adapter.

`com1` and `com2` indicates that Xen should use serial ports 1 and 2
respectively.  Optionally, these arguments may be followed by an `H` or
`L`.  `H` indicates that transmitted characters will have their MSB
set, while received characters must have their MSB set.  `L` indicates
the converse; transmitted and received characters will have their MSB
cleared.  This allows a single port to be shared by two subsystems
(e.g. console and debugger).

`dbgp` indicates that Xen should use a USB debug port.

`none` indicates that Xen should not use a console.  This option only
makes sense on its own.

### console\_timestamps
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `false`

Flag to indicate whether include a timestamp with each console line.

### console\_to\_ring
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `false`

Flag to indicate whether all guest console output should be copied
into the console ring buffer.

### conswitch
> `= <switch char>[x]`

> Default `conswitch=a`

Specify which character should be used to switch serial input between
Xen and dom0.  The required sequence is CTRL-&lt;switch char&gt; three
times.

The optional trailing `x` indicates that Xen should not automatically
switch the console input to dom0 during boot.  Any other value,
including omission, causes Xen to automatically switch to the dom0
console during dom0 boot.  Use `conswitch=ax` to keep the default switch
character, but for xen to keep the console.

### cpu\_type
> `= arch_perfmon`

If set, force use of the performance counters for oprofile, rather than detecting
available support.

### cpufreq
> `= dom0-kernel | none | xen`

> Default: `xen`

Indicate where the responsibility for driving power states lies.

### cpuid\_mask\_cpu (AMD only)
> `= fam_0f_rev_c | fam_0f_rev_d | fam_0f_rev_e | fam_0f_rev_f | fam_0f_rev_g | fam_10_rev_b | fam_10_rev_c | fam_11_rev_b`

If the other **cpuid\_mask\_{,ext\_}e{c,d}x** options are fully set
(unspecified on the command line), specify a pre-canned cpuid mask to
mask the current processor down to appear as the specified processor.
It is important to ensure that all hosts in a pool appear the same to
guests to allow successful live migration.

### cpuid\_mask\_ ecx,edx,ext\_ecx,ext\_edx,xsave_eax
> `= <integer>`

> Default: `~0` (all bits set)

These five command line parameters are used to specify cpuid masks to
help with cpuid levelling across a pool of hosts.  Setting a bit in
the mask indicates that the feature should be enabled, while clearing
a bit in the mask indicates that the feature should be disabled.  It
is important to ensure that all hosts in a pool appear the same to
guests to allow successful live migration.

### cpuidle
> `= <boolean>`

### cpuinfo
> `= <boolean>`

### crashinfo_maxaddr
> `= <size>`

> Default: `4G`

Specify the maximum address to allocate certain structures, if used in
combination with the `low_crashinfo` command line option.

### crashkernel
> `= <ramsize-range>:<size>[,...][@<offset>]`

### credit2\_balance\_over
> `= <integer>`

### credit2\_balance\_under
> `= <integer>`

### credit2\_load\_window\_shift
> `= <integer>`

### dbgp
> `= ehci[ <integer> | @pci<bus>:<slot>.<func> ]`

Specify the USB controller to use, either by instance number (when going
over the PCI busses sequentially) or by PCI device (must be on segment 0).

### debug\_stack\_lines
> `= <integer>`

> Default: `20`

Limits the number lines printed in Xen stack traces.

### debugtrace
> `= <integer>`

> Default: `128`

Specify the size of the console debug trace buffer in KiB. The debug
trace feature is only enabled in debugging builds of Xen.

### dma\_bits
> `= <integer>`

Specify the bit width of the DMA heap.

### dom0\_ioports\_disable
> `= List of <hex>-<hex>`

Specify a list of IO ports to be excluded from dom0 access.

### dom0\_max\_vcpus

Either:

> `= <integer>`.

The number of VCPUs to give to dom0.  This number of VCPUs can be more
than the number of PCPUs on the host.  The default is the number of
PCPUs.

Or:

> `= <min>-<max>` where `<min>` and `<max>` are integers.

Gives dom0 a number of VCPUs equal to the number of PCPUs, but always
at least `<min>` and no more than `<max>`.  Using `<min>` may give
more VCPUs than PCPUs.  `<min>` or `<max>` may be omitted and the
defaults of 1 and unlimited respectively are used instead.

For example, with `dom0_max_vcpus=4-8`:

     Number of
  PCPUs | Dom0 VCPUs
   2    |  4
   4    |  4
   6    |  6
   8    |  8
  10    |  8

### dom0\_mem
> `= List of ( min:<size> | max:<size> | <size> )`

Set the amount of memory for the initial domain (dom0). If a size is
positive, it represents an absolute value.  If a size is negative, it
is subtracted from the total available memory.

* `<size>` specifies the exact amount of memory.
* `min:<size>` specifies the minimum amount of memory.
* `max:<size>` specifies the maximum amount of memory.

If `<size>` is not specified, the default is all the available memory
minus some reserve.  The reserve is 1/16 of the available memory or
128 MB (whichever is smaller).

The amount of memory will be at least the minimum but never more than
the maximum (i.e., `max` overrides the `min` option).  If there isn't
enough memory then as much as possible is allocated.

`max:<size>` also sets the maximum reservation (the maximum amount of
memory dom0 can balloon up to).  If this is omitted then the maximum
reservation is unlimited.

For example, to set dom0's initial memory allocation to 512MB but
allow it to balloon up as far as 1GB use `dom0_mem=512M,max:1G`

If you use this option then it is highly recommended that you disable
any dom0 autoballooning feature present in your toolstack. See the
_xl.conf(5)_ man page or [Xen Best
Practices](http://wiki.xen.org/wiki/Xen_Best_Practices#Xen_dom0_dedicated_memory_and_preventing_dom0_memory_ballooning).

### dom0\_shadow
> `= <boolean>`

### dom0\_vcpus\_pin
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `false`

Pin dom0 vcpus to their respective pcpus

### e820-mtrr-clip
> `= <boolean>`

Flag that specifies if RAM should be clipped to the highest cacheable
MTRR.

> Default: `true` on Intel CPUs, otherwise `false`

### e820-verbose
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `false`

Flag that enables verbose output when processing e820 information and
applying clipping.

### edd (x86)
> `= off | on | skipmbr`

Control retrieval of Extended Disc Data (EDD) from the BIOS during
boot.

### edid (x86)
> `= no | force`

Either force retrieval of monitor EDID information via VESA DDC, or
disable it (edid=no). This option should not normally be required
except for debugging purposes.

### extra\_guest\_irqs
> `= [<domU number>][,<dom0 number>]`

> Default: `32,256`

Change the number of PIRQs available for guests.  The optional first number is
common for all domUs, while the optional second number (preceded by a comma)
is for dom0.  Changing the setting for domU has no impact on dom0 and vice
versa.  For example to change dom0 without changing domU, use
`extra_guest_irqs=,512`

### flask\_enabled
> `= <integer>`

### flask\_enforcing
> `= <integer>`

### font
> `= <height>` where height is `8x8 | 8x14 | 8x16 '`

Specify the font size when using the VESA console driver.

### gdb
> `= <baud>[/<clock_hz>][,DPS[,<io-base>[,<irq>[,<port-bdf>[,<bridge-bdf>]]]] | pci | amt ] `

Specify the serial parameters for the GDB stub.

### gnttab\_max\_nr\_frames
> `= <integer>`

Specify the maximum number of frames per grant table operation.

### guest\_loglvl
> `= <level>[/<rate-limited level>]` where level is `none | error | warning | info | debug | all`

> Default: `guest_loglvl=none/warning`

Set the logging level for Xen guests.  Any log message with equal more
more importance will be printed.

The optional `<rate-limited level>` option instructs which severities
should be rate limited.

### hap
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `true`

Flag to globally enable or disable support for Hardware Assisted
Paging (HAP)

### hap\_1gb
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `true`

Flag to enable 1 GB host page table support for Hardware Assisted
Paging (HAP).

### hap\_2mb
> `= <boolean>`

> Default: `true`

Flag to enable 2 MB host page table support for Hardware Assisted
Paging (HAP).

### hpetbroadcast
> `= <boolean>`

### hvm\_debug
> `= <integer>`

### hvm\_port80
> `= <boolean>`

### highmem-start
> `= <size>`

Specify the memory boundary past which memory will be treated as highmem (x86
debug hypervisor only).

### idle\_latency\_factor
> `= <integer>`

### ioapic\_ack
### iommu
### iommu\_inclusive\_mapping
> `= <boolean>`

### irq\_ratelimit
> `= <integer>`

### irq\_vector\_map
### ivrs_hpet[`<hpet>`]
> `=[<seg>:]<bus>:<device>.<func>`

Force the use of `[<seg>:]<bus>:<device>.<func>` as device ID of HPET
`<hpet>` instead of the one specified by the IVHD sub-tables of the IVRS
ACPI table.

### ivrs_ioapic[`<ioapic>`]
> `=[<seg>:]<bus>:<device>.<func>`

Force the use of `[<seg>:]<bus>:<device>.<func>` as device ID of IO-APIC
`<ioapic>` instead of the one specified by the IVHD sub-tables of the IVRS
ACPI table.

### lapic

Force the use of use of the local APIC on a uniprocessor system, even
if left disabled by the BIOS.  This option will accept any value at
all.

### lapic\_timer\_c2\_ok
> `= <boolean>`

### ler
> `= <boolean>`

### loglvl
> `= <level>[/<rate-limited level>]` where level is `none | error | warning | info | debug | all`

> Default: `loglvl=warning`

Set the logging level for Xen.  Any log message with equal more more
importance will be printed.

The optional `<rate-limited level>` option instructs which severities
should be rate limited.

### low\_crashinfo
> `= none | min | all`

> Default: `none` if not specified at all, or to `min` if **low_crashinfo** is present without qualification.

This option is only useful for hosts with a 32bit dom0 kernel, wishing
to use kexec functionality in the case of a crash.  It represents
which data structures should be deliberately allocated in low memory,
so the crash kernel may find find them.  Should be used in combination
with **crashinfo_maxaddr**.

### max\_cstate
> `= <integer>`

### max\_gsi\_irqs
> `= <integer>`

### maxcpus
> `= <integer>`

### mce
> `= <integer>`

### mce\_fb