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.. hazmat::
X.509
=====
.. currentmodule:: cryptography.x509
X.509 is an ITU-T standard for a `public key infrastructure`_. X.509v3 is
defined in :rfc:`5280` (which obsoletes :rfc:`2459` and :rfc:`3280`). X.509
certificates are commonly used in protocols like `TLS`_.
Loading Certificates
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. function:: load_pem_x509_certificate(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 0.7
Deserialize a certificate from PEM encoded data. PEM certificates are
base64 decoded and have delimiters that look like
``-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----``.
:param bytes data: The PEM encoded certificate data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`.
.. function:: load_der_x509_certificate(data, backend)
.. versionadded:: 0.7
Deserialize a certificate from DER encoded data. DER is a binary format
and is commonly found in files with the ``.cer`` extension (although file
extensions are not a guarantee of encoding type).
:param bytes data: The DER encoded certificate data.
:param backend: A backend supporting the
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces.X509Backend`
interface.
:returns: An instance of :class:`~cryptography.x509.Certificate`.
.. testsetup::
pem_data = b"""
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
""".strip()
.. doctest::
>>> from cryptography.x509 import load_pem_x509_certificate
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> cert = load_pem_x509_certificate(pem_data, default_backend())
>>> cert.serial
2
X.509 Certificate Object
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: Certificate
.. versionadded:: 0.7
.. attribute:: version
:type: :class:`~cryptography.x509.Version`
The certificate version as an enumeration. Version 3 certificates are
the latest version and also the only type you should see in practice.
:raises cryptography.x509.InvalidVersion: If the version is
not valid.
.. method:: fingerprint(algorithm)
:param algorithm: The
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
that will be used to generate the fingerprint.
:return bytes: The fingerprint using the supplied hash algorithm as
bytes.
.. attribute:: serial
:type: int
The serial as a Python integer.
.. method:: public_key()
:type:
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.RSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.DSAPublicKey` or
:class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.EllipticCurvePublicKey`
The public key associated with the certificate.
.. attribute:: not_valid_before
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing the beginning of the validity period for the
certificate in UTC. This value is inclusive.
.. attribute:: not_valid_after
:type: :class:`datetime.datetime`
A naïve datetime representing the end of the validity period for the
certificate in UTC. This value is inclusive.
.. class:: Version
.. versionadded:: 0.7
An enumeration for X.509 versions.
.. attribute:: v1
For version 1 X.509 certificates.
.. attribute:: v3
For version 3 X.509 certificates.
.. class:: InvalidVersion
This is raised when an X.509 certificate has an invalid version number.
.. _`public key infrastructure`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure
.. _`TLS`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security
|
