path: root/docs/hazmat/backends/interfaces.rst

.. hazmat::

Backend interfaces
==================

.. currentmodule:: cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces


Backend implementations may provide a number of interfaces to support operations
such as :doc:`/hazmat/primitives/symmetric-encryption`,
:doc:`/hazmat/primitives/cryptographic-hashes`, and
:doc:`/hazmat/primitives/mac/hmac`.

A specific ``backend`` may provide one or more of these interfaces.


.. class:: CipherBackend

    A backend that provides methods for using ciphers for encryption
    and decryption.

    The following backends implement this interface:

    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/openssl`
    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto`

    .. method:: cipher_supported(cipher, mode)

        Check if a ``cipher`` and ``mode`` combination is supported by
        this backend.

        :param cipher: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherAlgorithm`
            provider.
        :param mode: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.Mode` provider.

        :returns: ``True`` if the specified ``cipher`` and ``mode`` combination
            is supported by this backend, otherwise ``False``


    .. method:: create_symmetric_encryption_ctx(cipher, mode)

        Create a
        :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherContext` that
        can be used for encrypting data with the symmetric ``cipher`` using
        the given ``mode``.

        :param cipher: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherAlgorithm`
            provider.
        :param mode: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.Mode` provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherContext`

        :raises ValueError: When tag is not None in an AEAD mode


    .. method:: create_symmetric_decryption_ctx(cipher, mode)

        Create a
        :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherContext` that
        can be used for decrypting data with the symmetric ``cipher`` using
        the given ``mode``.

        :param cipher: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherAlgorithm`
            provider.
        :param mode: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.Mode` provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CipherContext`

        :raises ValueError: When tag is None in an AEAD mode


.. class:: HashBackend

    A backend with methods for using cryptographic hash functions.

    The following backends implement this interface:

    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/openssl`
    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto`

    .. method:: hash_supported(algorithm)

        Check if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported by this backend.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns: ``True`` if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported by this
            backend, otherwise ``False``.


    .. method:: create_hash_ctx(algorithm)

        Create a
        :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext` that
        uses the specified ``algorithm`` to calculate a message digest.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext`


.. class:: HMACBackend

    A backend with methods for using cryptographic hash functions as message
    authentication codes.

    The following backends implement this interface:

    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/openssl`
    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto`

    .. method:: hmac_supported(algorithm)

        Check if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported by this backend.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns: ``True`` if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported for HMAC
            by this backend, otherwise ``False``.

    .. method:: create_hmac_ctx(algorithm)

        Create a
        :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext` that
        uses the specified ``algorithm`` to calculate a hash-based message
        authentication code.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashContext`


.. class:: PBKDF2HMACBackend

    .. versionadded:: 0.2

    A backend with methods for using PBKDF2 using HMAC as a PRF.

    The following backends implement this interface:

    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/openssl`
    * :doc:`/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto`

    .. method:: pbkdf2_hmac_supported(algorithm)

        Check if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported by this backend.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns: ``True`` if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported for
            PBKDF2 HMAC by this backend, otherwise ``False``.

    .. method:: derive_pbkdf2_hmac(self, algorithm, length, salt, iterations,
                                   key_material)

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :param int length: The desired length of the derived key. Maximum is
            (2\ :sup:`32` - 1) * ``algorithm.digest_size``

        :param bytes salt: A salt.

        :param int iterations: The number of iterations to perform of the hash
            function. This can be used to control the length of time the
            operation takes. Higher numbers help mitigate brute force attacks
            against derived keys.

        :param bytes key_material: The key material to use as a basis for
            the derived key. This is typically a password.

        :return bytes: Derived key.


.. class:: RSABackend

    .. versionadded:: 0.2

    A backend with methods for using RSA.

    .. method:: generate_rsa_private_key(public_exponent, key_size)

        :param int public_exponent: The public exponent of the new key.
            Often one of the small Fermat primes 3, 5, 17, 257 or 65537.

        :param int key_size: The length in bits of the modulus. Should be
            at least 2048.

        :return: A new instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey`
            provider.

        :raises ValueError: If the public_exponent is not valid.

    .. method:: create_rsa_signature_ctx(private_key, padding, algorithm)

        :param private_key: An instance of an
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey`
            provider.

        :param padding: An instance of an
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.AsymmetricPadding`
            provider.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.AsymmetricSignatureContext`

    .. method:: create_rsa_verification_ctx(public_key, signature, padding, algorithm)

        :param public_key: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.RSAPublicKey`
            provider.

        :param bytes signature: The signature to verify.

        :param padding: An instance of an
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.AsymmetricPadding`
            provider.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.AsymmetricVerificationContext`

    .. method:: mgf1_hash_supported(algorithm)

        Check if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported for use with
        :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.MGF1`
        inside :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.padding.PSS`
        padding.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.HashAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns: ``True`` if the specified ``algorithm`` is supported by this
            backend, otherwise ``False``.

    .. method:: decrypt_rsa(private_key, ciphertext, padding)

        :param private_key: An instance of an
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey`
            provider.

        :param bytes ciphertext: The ciphertext to decrypt.

        :param padding: An instance of an
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.AsymmetricPadding`
            provider.


.. class:: OpenSSLSerializationBackend

    .. versionadded:: 0.3

    A backend with methods for working with OpenSSL's "traditional" PKCS #1
    style key serialization.

    .. method:: load_openssl_pem_private_key(data, password)

        :param bytes data: PEM data to deserialize.

        :param bytes password: The password to use if this data is encrypted.
            Should be None if the data is not encrypted.

        :return: A new instance of
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization.OpenSSLPrivateKey`

        :raises ValueError: If the data could not be deserialized correctly.

        :raises cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm: If the data is
            encrypted with an unsupported algorithm.


.. class:: DSABackend

    .. versionadded:: 0.4

    A backend with methods for using DSA.

    .. method:: generate_dsa_parameters(key_size)

        :param int key_size: The length of the modulus in bits. It should be 
            either "1024, 2048 or 3072". For keys generated in 2014 this should 
            be at least 2048.
            Note that some applications (such as SSH) have not yet gained support 
            for larger key sizes specified in FIPS 186-3 and are still restricted
            to only the 1024-bit keys specified in FIPS 186-2.

        :return: A new instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.DSAParameters`
            provider.

    .. method:: generate_dsa_private_key(parameters)

        :param parameters: A
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.DSAParameters`
            provider.

        :return: A new instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.DSAPrivateKey`
            provider.

        :raises ValueError: This is raised if the key size is not (1024 or 2048 or 3072)
            or if the OpenSSL version is older than 1.0.0 and the key size is larger than 1024
            because older OpenSSL versions don't support a key size larger than 1024.


.. class:: CMACBackend

    .. versionadded:: 0.4

    A backend with methods for using CMAC

    .. method:: cmac_algorithm_supported(algorithm)

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.BlockCipherAlgorithm`
            provider.
        :return: Returns True if the block cipher is supported for CMAC by this backend

    .. method:: create_cmac_ctx(algorithm)

        Create a
        :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CMACContext` that
        uses the specified ``algorithm`` to calculate a message authentication code.

        :param algorithm: An instance of a
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.BlockCipherAlgorithm`
            provider.

        :returns:
            :class:`~cryptography.hazmat.primitives.interfaces.CMACContext`