Remove multiple inheritance from "unintesting call" mock classes.

Internal CL 156157936, which was published in commit
fe402c27790ff1cc9a7e17c5d0aea4ebe7fd8a71, introduced undefined behavior
by casting a base class (internal::{Naggy,Nice,Strict}Base<MockClass>,
using the curiously recurring template pattern) pointer to a derived
class ({Naggy,Nice,Strict}Mock<MockClass>), in the base class'
constructor. At that point, the object isn't guaranteed to have taken on
the shape of the derived class, and casting is undefined behavior.

The undefined behavior was caught by Chrome's CFI build bot [1], and
prevents rolling googletest past that commit / CL.

This commit simplifies the {Naggy,Nice,Strict}Mock class hierarchy in
a way that removes the undefined behavior.

[1] https://www.chromium.org/developers/testing/control-flow-integrity

4 files changed, 224 insertions, 210 deletions

diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h
index af71fbdf..5e1386b4 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h
@@ -71,329 +71,345 @@
 
 namespace testing {
 
-namespace internal {
-
-// NiceMockBase serves as a mix-in to establish the "uninteresting call"
-// behavior for NiceMock on construction. It accomplishes this via CRTP to get
-// access to the derived MockClass.
-template <class MockClass>
-class NiceMockBase {
- protected:
-  NiceMockBase();
-
-  ~NiceMockBase();
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
 template <class MockClass>
-class NiceMock : public MockClass, public internal::NiceMockBase<MockClass> {
+class NiceMock : public MockClass {
  public:
-  NiceMock() : MockClass() {}
+  NiceMock() : MockClass() {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-  // Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
-  // declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
-  // tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
-  // constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
-
   // Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
   // made explicit.
   template <typename A>
-  explicit NiceMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {}
+  explicit NiceMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
   NiceMock(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
       : MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
-                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {}
+                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 #else
   // C++98 doesn't have variadic templates, so we have to define one
   // for each arity.
   template <typename A1>
-  explicit NiceMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {}
+  explicit NiceMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
   template <typename A1, typename A2>
-  NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {}
+  NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-  NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) {}
+  NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3,
-      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {}
+      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
-      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
+      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
-      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {}
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5,
-      a6, a7) {}
+      a6, a7) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1,
-      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {}
+      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8,
-      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {}
+      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9, typename A10>
   NiceMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9,
-      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {}
+      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {
+    ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
+  ~NiceMock() {
+    ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NiceMock);
 };
 
-namespace internal {
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-NiceMockBase<MockClass>::NiceMockBase() {
-  ::testing::Mock::AllowUninterestingCalls(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<NiceMock<MockClass> *>(this)));
-}
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-NiceMockBase<MockClass>::~NiceMockBase() {
-  ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<NiceMock<MockClass>*>(this)));
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// NaggyMockBase serves as a mix-in to establish the "uninteresting call"
-// behavior for NaggyMock on construction. It accomplishes this via CRTP to get
-// access to the derived MockClass.
-template <class MockClass>
-class NaggyMockBase {
- protected:
-  NaggyMockBase();
-
-  ~NaggyMockBase();
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
 template <class MockClass>
-class NaggyMock : public MockClass, public internal::NaggyMockBase<MockClass> {
+class NaggyMock : public MockClass {
  public:
-  NaggyMock() : MockClass() {}
+  NaggyMock() : MockClass() {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-  // Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
-  // declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
-  // tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
-  // constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
-
   // Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
   // made explicit.
   template <typename A>
-  explicit NaggyMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {}
+  explicit NaggyMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
   NaggyMock(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
       : MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
-                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {}
+                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 #else
   // C++98 doesn't have variadic templates, so we have to define one
   // for each arity.
   template <typename A1>
-  explicit NaggyMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {}
+  explicit NaggyMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
   template <typename A1, typename A2>
-  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {}
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) {}
+  NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3,
-      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {}
+      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
-      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
+      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
-      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {}
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5,
-      a6, a7) {}
+      a6, a7) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1,
-      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {}
+      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8,
-      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {}
+      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9, typename A10>
   NaggyMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9,
-      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {}
+      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {
+    ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
+  ~NaggyMock() {
+    ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(NaggyMock);
 };
 
-namespace internal {
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-NaggyMockBase<MockClass>::NaggyMockBase() {
-  ::testing::Mock::WarnUninterestingCalls(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<NaggyMock<MockClass> *>(this)));
-}
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-NaggyMockBase<MockClass>::~NaggyMockBase() {
-  ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<NaggyMock<MockClass>*>(this)));
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-namespace internal {
-
-// StrictMockBase serves as a mix-in to establish the "uninteresting call"
-// behavior for StrictMock on construction. It accomplishes this via CRTP to get
-// access to the derived MockClass.
 template <class MockClass>
-class StrictMockBase {
- protected:
-  StrictMockBase();
-
-  ~StrictMockBase();
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-template <class MockClass>
-class StrictMock : public MockClass,
-    public internal::StrictMockBase<MockClass> {
+class StrictMock : public MockClass {
  public:
-  StrictMock() : MockClass() {}
+  StrictMock() : MockClass() {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-  // Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
-  // declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
-  // tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
-  // constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
-
   // Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
   // made explicit.
   template <typename A>
-  explicit StrictMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {}
+  explicit StrictMock(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
   StrictMock(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
       : MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
-                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {}
+                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 #else
   // C++98 doesn't have variadic templates, so we have to define one
   // for each arity.
   template <typename A1>
-  explicit StrictMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {}
+  explicit StrictMock(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
   template <typename A1, typename A2>
-  StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {}
+  StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2) : MockClass(a1, a2) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-  StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2,
-      a3) {}
+  StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3,
-      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {}
+      const A4& a4) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
-      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {}
+      const A5& a5) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
-      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {}
+      const A5& a5, const A6& a6) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5,
-      a6, a7) {}
+      a6, a7) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8) : MockClass(a1,
-      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {}
+      a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8,
-      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {}
+      const A9& a9) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename A3, typename A4, typename A5,
       typename A6, typename A7, typename A8, typename A9, typename A10>
   StrictMock(const A1& a1, const A2& a2, const A3& a3, const A4& a4,
       const A5& a5, const A6& a6, const A7& a7, const A8& a8, const A9& a9,
-      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {}
+      const A10& a10) : MockClass(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10) {
+    ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
+  ~StrictMock() {
+    ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(StrictMock);
 };
 
-namespace internal {
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-StrictMockBase<MockClass>::StrictMockBase() {
-  ::testing::Mock::FailUninterestingCalls(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<StrictMock<MockClass> *>(this)));
-}
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-StrictMockBase<MockClass>::~StrictMockBase() {
-  ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<StrictMock<MockClass>*>(this)));
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
 // The following specializations catch some (relatively more common)
 // user errors of nesting nice and strict mocks.  They do NOT catch
 // all possible errors.
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
index 378c40f1..2e50e982 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-nice-strict.h.pump
@@ -83,79 +83,61 @@ $var method=[[$if kind==0 [[AllowUninterestingCalls]]
              $elif kind==1 [[WarnUninterestingCalls]]
              $else [[FailUninterestingCalls]]]]
 
-namespace internal {
-
-// $clazz[[]]Base serves as a mix-in to establish the "uninteresting call"
-// behavior for $clazz on construction. It accomplishes this via CRTP to get
-// access to the derived MockClass.
 template <class MockClass>
-class $clazz[[]]Base {
- protected:
-  $clazz[[]]Base();
-
-  ~$clazz[[]]Base();
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-template <class MockClass>
-class $clazz : public MockClass, public internal::$clazz[[]]Base<MockClass> {
+class $clazz : public MockClass {
  public:
-  $clazz() : MockClass() {}
+  $clazz() : MockClass() {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
-  // Ideally, we would inherit base class's constructors through a using
-  // declaration, which would preserve their visibility. However, many existing
-  // tests rely on the fact that current implementation reexports protected
-  // constructors as public. These tests would need to be cleaned up first.
-
   // Single argument constructor is special-cased so that it can be
   // made explicit.
   template <typename A>
-  explicit $clazz(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {}
+  explicit $clazz(A&& arg) : MockClass(std::forward<A>(arg)) {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
   template <typename A1, typename A2, typename... An>
   $clazz(A1&& arg1, A2&& arg2, An&&... args)
       : MockClass(std::forward<A1>(arg1), std::forward<A2>(arg2),
-                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {}
+                  std::forward<An>(args)...) {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 #else
   // C++98 doesn't have variadic templates, so we have to define one
   // for each arity.
   template <typename A1>
-  explicit $clazz(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {}
+  explicit $clazz(const A1& a1) : MockClass(a1) {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 $range i 2..n
 $for i [[
 $range j 1..i
   template <$for j, [[typename A$j]]>
-  $clazz($for j, [[const A$j& a$j]]) : MockClass($for j, [[a$j]]) {}
+  $clazz($for j, [[const A$j& a$j]]) : MockClass($for j, [[a$j]]) {
+    ::testing::Mock::$method(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
 
 
 ]]
 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
 
+  ~$clazz() {
+    ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
+        internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(this));
+  }
+
  private:
   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_($clazz);
 };
 
-namespace internal {
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-$clazz[[]]Base<MockClass>::$clazz[[]]Base() {
-  ::testing::Mock::$method(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<$clazz<MockClass> *>(this)));
-}
-
-template <typename MockClass>
-$clazz[[]]Base<MockClass>::~$clazz[[]]Base() {
-  ::testing::Mock::UnregisterCallReaction(
-      internal::ImplicitCast_<MockClass*>(
-          static_cast<$clazz<MockClass>*>(this)));
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
 ]]
 
 // The following specializations catch some (relatively more common)
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
index 6d7f9200..a7be7d15 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-spec-builders.h
@@ -103,11 +103,6 @@ class ExpectationTester;
 // Base class for function mockers.
 template <typename F> class FunctionMockerBase;
 
-// Uninteresting call behavior mixins.
-template <typename M> class NiceMockBase;
-template <typename M> class NaggyMockBase;
-template <typename M> class StrictMockBase;
-
 // Protects the mock object registry (in class Mock), all function
 // mockers, and all expectations.
 //
@@ -408,13 +403,13 @@ class GTEST_API_ Mock {
   friend class internal::FunctionMockerBase;
 
   template <typename M>
-  friend class internal::NiceMockBase;
+  friend class NiceMock;
 
   template <typename M>
-  friend class internal::NaggyMockBase;
+  friend class NaggyMock;
 
   template <typename M>
-  friend class internal::StrictMockBase;
+  friend class StrictMock;
 
   // Tells Google Mock to allow uninteresting calls on the given mock
   // object.
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc
index 0eac6439..7812f626 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-nice-strict_test.cc
@@ -259,6 +259,13 @@ TEST(NiceMockTest, NonDefaultConstructor10) {
   nice_bar.That(5, true);
 }
 
+TEST(NiceMockTest, AllowLeak) {
+  NiceMock<MockFoo>* leaked = new NiceMock<MockFoo>;
+  Mock::AllowLeak(leaked);
+  EXPECT_CALL(*leaked, DoThis());
+  leaked->DoThis();
+}
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Tests that NiceMock<Mock> compiles where Mock is a user-defined
 // class (as opposed to ::testing::Mock).  We had to work around an
@@ -352,6 +359,13 @@ TEST(NaggyMockTest, NonDefaultConstructor10) {
   naggy_bar.That(5, true);
 }
 
+TEST(NaggyMockTest, AllowLeak) {
+  NaggyMock<MockFoo>* leaked = new NaggyMock<MockFoo>;
+  Mock::AllowLeak(leaked);
+  EXPECT_CALL(*leaked, DoThis());
+  leaked->DoThis();
+}
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Tests that NaggyMock<Mock> compiles where Mock is a user-defined
 // class (as opposed to ::testing::Mock).  We had to work around an
@@ -426,6 +440,13 @@ TEST(StrictMockTest, NonDefaultConstructor10) {
                           "Uninteresting mock function call");
 }
 
+TEST(StrictMockTest, AllowLeak) {
+  StrictMock<MockFoo>* leaked = new StrictMock<MockFoo>;
+  Mock::AllowLeak(leaked);
+  EXPECT_CALL(*leaked, DoThis());
+  leaked->DoThis();
+}
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 // Tests that StrictMock<Mock> compiles where Mock is a user-defined
 // class (as opposed to ::testing::Mock).  We had to work around an