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authorBilly Donahue <billydonahue@google.com>2015-08-25 17:47:18 -0400
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+Google C++ Mocking Framework
+============================
+
+<http://github.com/google/googlemock/>
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes on a variety
+of platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc).
+Inspired by jMock, EasyMock, and Hamcrest, and designed with C++'s
+specifics in mind, it can help you derive better designs of your
+system and write better tests.
+
+Google Mock:
+
+- provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks,
+- can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real
+ and mock objects,
+- handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions,
+- comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments,
+- uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock,
+- does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay
+ needed),
+- allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on
+ function calls to be expressed,
+- lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.
+- does not use exceptions, and
+- is easy to learn and use.
+
+Please see the project page above for more information as well as the
+mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is
+also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please
+join us!
+
+Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the [cppclean
+project](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache
+License, which is different from Google Mock's license.
+
+Requirements for End Users
+--------------------------
+
+Google Mock is implemented on top of the [Google Test C++ testing
+framework](http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it.
+You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock, or
+you may get compiler/linker errors.
+
+You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing
+framework of your choice; although it will still need Google Test as
+an internal dependency. Please read
+<http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework>
+for how to do it.
+
+Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more
+modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:
+
+### Linux Requirements ###
+
+These are the base requirements to build and use Google Mock from a source
+package (as described below):
+
+ * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"
+ * POSIX-standard shell
+ * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)
+ * C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)
+
+### Windows Requirements ###
+
+ * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer
+
+### Mac OS X Requirements ###
+
+ * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer
+ * Developer Tools Installed
+
+Requirements for Contributors
+-----------------------------
+
+We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to
+build Google Mock and its own tests from an SVN checkout (described
+below), which has further requirements:
+
+ * Automake version 1.9 or newer
+ * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer
+ * Libtool / Libtoolize
+ * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and
+ re-generating certain source files from templates)
+
+Getting the Source
+------------------
+
+There are two primary ways of getting Google Mock's source code: you
+can download a [stable source release](releases),
+or directly check out the source from our Git repository.
+The Git checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software
+packages on your system, but lets you track development and make
+patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it.
+
+### Git Checkout ###
+
+To check out the master branch of Google Mock, run the following git command:
+
+ git clone https://github.com/google/googlemock.git
+
+If you are using a \*nix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build
+system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to
+configure it now. Otherwise you are done with getting the source
+files.
+
+To prepare the Autotools build system, enter the target directory of
+the checkout command you used ('gmock-svn') and proceed with the
+following command:
+
+ autoreconf -fvi
+
+Once you have completed this step, you are ready to build the library.
+Note that you should only need to complete this step once. The
+subsequent 'make' invocations will automatically re-generate the bits
+of the build system that need to be changed.
+
+If your system uses older versions of the autotools, the above command
+will fail. You may need to explicitly specify a version to use. For
+instance, if you have both GNU Automake 1.4 and 1.9 installed and
+'automake' would invoke the 1.4, use instead:
+
+ AUTOMAKE=automake-1.9 ACLOCAL=aclocal-1.9 autoreconf -fvi
+
+Make sure you're using the same version of automake and aclocal.
+
+Setting up the Build
+--------------------
+
+To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your
+build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact
+way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually
+straightforward.
+
+### Generic Build Instructions ###
+
+This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your
+existing build system.
+
+Suppose you put Google Mock in directory ${GMOCK\_DIR} and Google Test
+in ${GTEST\_DIR} (the latter is ${GMOCK\_DIR}/gtest by default). To
+build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as
+called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile
+
+ ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
+
+with
+
+ ${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include
+
+in the system header search path, and
+
+ ${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR}
+
+in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,
+something like the following will do:
+
+ g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
+ -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
+ -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc
+ g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \
+ -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \
+ -pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc
+ ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o
+
+(We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.)
+
+Next, you should compile your test source file with
+${GTEST\_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK\_DIR}/include in the header search
+path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries:
+
+ g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \
+ -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test
+
+As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can
+use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available
+(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google
+Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and
+a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build
+script.
+
+If the default settings are correct for your environment, the
+following commands should succeed:
+
+ cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make
+ make
+ ./gmock_test
+
+If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of [make/Makefile](make/Makefile) to make them go away.
+
+### Windows ###
+
+The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010
+directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and
+selected tests.
+
+Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to
+build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE).
+If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll
+have to configure it to use the `gmock_config` propety sheet. For that:
+
+ * Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager)
+ * Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..."
+ * Navigate to `gmock_config.vsprops` or `gmock_config.props` and select it.
+ * In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional
+ Include Directories, type <path to Google Mock>/include.
+
+Tweaking Google Mock
+--------------------
+
+Google Mock can be used in diverse environments. The default
+configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in
+some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by
+defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally,
+these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1
+or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.
+
+We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list,
+see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](
+../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).
+
+### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###
+
+Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library
+heavily. Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all
+compilers. The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a
+subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need. Google Mock
+will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't
+provide TR1 tuple.
+
+Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test
+and Google Mock use. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple,
+you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple
+library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple
+implementations will clash. To do that, add
+
+ -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0
+
+to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and
+your tests. If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use
+their own tuple library, just add
+
+ -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1
+
+to the compiler flags instead.
+
+If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please
+refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain
+it and set it up.
+
+### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###
+
+Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static
+library for the simplicity. Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the
+same DLL must contain Google Test as well. See
+[Google Test's README][gtest_readme]
+for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.
+
+### Tweaking Google Mock ###
+
+Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.
+Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them.
+
+Upgrading from an Earlier Version
+---------------------------------
+
+We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.
+Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the
+users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to
+do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.
+
+### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ###
+
+You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1
+tuple library. See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple
+Library](../googletest/#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)".
+
+### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ###
+
+On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and
+Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe. For this to work, you
+may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags. Please see the
+"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest#multi-threaded-tests
+)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do.
+
+If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or
+`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to
+use the new matcher API (
+[monomorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers),
+[polymorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers)).
+Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected.
+
+
+Developing Google Mock
+----------------------
+
+This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock.
+
+### Testing Google Mock Itself ###
+
+To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing
+functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.
+For that you'll need Autotools. First, make sure you have followed
+the instructions in section "SVN Checkout" to configure Google Mock.
+Then, create a build output directory and enter it. Next,
+
+ ${GMOCK_DIR}/configure # Standard GNU configure script, --help for more info
+
+Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are
+standard for GNU-style OSS packages.
+
+ make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions
+ make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass.
+
+Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building
+against Google Test as well. There is no need to configure Google Test
+separately.
+
+### Regenerating Source Files ###
+
+Some of Google Mock's source files are generated from templates (not
+in the C++ sense) using a script. A template file is named FOO.pump,
+where FOO is the name of the file it will generate. For example, the
+file `include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump` is used to generate
+`gmock-generated-actions.h` in the same directory.
+
+Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files,
+unless you need to modify them. In that case, you should modify the
+corresponding `.pump` files instead and run the 'pump' script (for Pump
+is Useful for Meta Programming) to regenerate them. You can find
+pump.py in the `${GTEST_DIR}/scripts/` directory. Read the
+[Pump manual](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual)
+for how to use it.
+
+
+### Contributing a Patch ###
+
+We welcome patches. Please read the [Google Mock developer's Guide](
+http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/DevGuide)
+for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed
+the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the
+patch.
+
+
+Happy testing!
+
+[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/ "googletest"