docs/quantum_keycodes.md


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# Quantum Keycodes

Quantum keycodes allow for easier customisation of your keymap than the basic ones provide, without having to define custom actions.

All keycodes within quantum are numbers between `0x0000` and `0xFFFF`. Within your `keymap.c` it may look like you have functions and other special cases, but ultimately the C preprocessor will translate those into a single 4 byte integer. QMK has reserved `0x0000` through `0x00FF` for standard keycodes. These are keycodes such as `KC_A`, `KC_1`, and `KC_LCTL`, which are basic keys defined in the USB HID specification.

On this page we have documented keycodes between `0x00FF` and `0xFFFF` which are used to implement advanced quantum features. If you define your own custom keycodes they will be put into this range as well.

## QMK Keycodes

|Key          |Aliases    |Description                                                          |
|-------------|-----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`RESET`      |           |Put the keyboard into DFU mode for flashing                          |
|`DEBUG`      |           |Toggle debug mode                                                    |
|`KC_GESC`    |`GRAVE_ESC`|Escape when tapped, <code>&#96;</code> when pressed with Shift or GUI|
|`KC_LSPO`    |           |Left Shift when held, `(` when tapped                                |
|`KC_RSPC`    |           |Right Shift when held, `)` when tapped                               |
|`KC_LEAD`    |           |The [Leader key](feature_leader_key.md)                              |
|`KC_LOCK`    |           |The [Lock key](feature_key_lock.md)                                  |
|`FUNC(n)`    |`F(n)`     |Call `fn_action(n)` (deprecated)                                     |
|`M(n)`       |           |Call macro `n`                                                       |
|`MACROTAP(n)`|           |Macro-tap `n` idk FIXME                                              |
/*
    ChibiOS/RT - Copyright (C) 2006-2013 Giovanni Di Sirio

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "ch.h"
#include "hal.h"
#include "test.h"

#include "chprintf.h"
#include "shell.h"

#include "lwipthread.h"
#include "web/web.h"

#include "ff.h"

/*===========================================================================*/
/* Card insertion monitor.                                                   */
/*===========================================================================*/

#define POLLING_INTERVAL                10
#define POLLING_DELAY                   10

/**
 * @brief   Card monitor timer.
 */
static VirtualTimer tmr;

/**
 * @brief   Debounce counter.
 */
static unsigned cnt;

/**
 * @brief   Card event sources.
 */
static EventSource inserted_event, removed_event;

/**
 * @brief   Insertion monitor timer callback function.
 *
 * @param[in] p         pointer to the @p BaseBlockDevice object
 *
 * @notapi
 */
static void tmrfunc(void *p) {
  BaseBlockDevice *bbdp = p;

  chSysLockFromIsr();
  if (cnt > 0) {
    if (blkIsInserted(bbdp)) {
      if (--cnt == 0) {
        chEvtBroadcastI(&inserted_event);
      }
    }
    else
      cnt = POLLING_INTERVAL;
  }
  else {
    if (!blkIsInserted(bbdp)) {
      cnt = POLLING_INTERVAL;
      chEvtBroadcastI(&removed_event);
    }
  }
  chVTSetI(&tmr, MS2ST(POLLING_DELAY), tmrfunc, bbdp);
  chSysUnlockFromIsr();
}

/**
 * @brief   Polling monitor start.
 *
 * @param[in] p         pointer to an object implementing @p BaseBlockDevice
 *
 * @notapi
 */
static void tmr_init(void *p) {

  chEvtInit(&inserted_event);
  chEvtInit(&removed_event);
  chSysLock();
  cnt = POLLING_INTERVAL;
  chVTSetI(&tmr, MS2ST(POLLING_DELAY), tmrfunc, p);
  chSysUnlock();
}

/*===========================================================================*/
/* FatFs related.                                                            */
/*===========================================================================*/

/**
 * @brief FS object.
 */
static FATFS SDC_FS;

/* FS mounted and ready.*/
static bool_t fs_ready = FALSE;

/* Generic large buffer.*/
static uint8_t fbuff[1024];

static FRESULT scan_files(BaseSequentialStream *chp, char *path) {
  FRESULT res;
  FILINFO fno;
  DIR dir;
  int i;
  char *fn;

#if _USE_LFN
  fno.lfname = 0;
  fno.lfsize = 0;
#endif
  res = f_opendir(&dir, path);
  if (res == FR_OK) {
    i = strlen(path);
    for (;;) {
      res = f_readdir(&dir, &fno);
      if (res != FR_OK || fno.fname[0] == 0)
        break;
      if (fno.fname[0] == '.')
        continue;
      fn = fno.fname;
      if (fno.fattrib & AM_DIR) {
        path[i++] = '/';
        strcpy(&path[i], fn);
        res = scan_files(chp, path);
        if (res != FR_OK)
          break;
        path[--i] = 0;
      }
      else {
        chprintf(chp, "%s/%s\r\n", path, fn);
      }
    }
  }
  return res;
}

/*===========================================================================*/
/* USB related stuff.                                                        */
/*===========================================================================*/

/*
 * Endpoints to be used for USBD1.
 */
#define USBD1_DATA_REQUEST_EP           1
#define USBD1_DATA_AVAILABLE_EP         1
#define USBD1_INTERRUPT_REQUEST_EP      2

/*
 * Serial over USB Driver structure.
 */
static SerialUSBDriver SDU1;

/*
 * USB Device Descriptor.
 */
static const uint8_t vcom_device_descriptor_data[18] = {
  USB_DESC_DEVICE       (0x0110,        /* bcdUSB (1.1).                    */
                         0x02,          /* bDeviceClass (CDC).              */
                         0x00,          /* bDeviceSubClass.                 */
                         0x00,          /* bDeviceProtocol.                 */
                         0x40,          /* bMaxPacketSize.                  */
                         0x0483,        /* idVendor (ST).                   */
                         0x5740,        /* idProduct.                       */
                         0x0200,        /* bcdDevice.                       */
                         1,             /* iManufacturer.                   */
                         2,             /* iProduct.                        */
                         3,             /* iSerialNumber.                   */
                         1)             /* bNumConfigurations.              */
};

/*
 * Device Descriptor wrapper.
 */
static const USBDescriptor vcom_device_descriptor = {
  sizeof vcom_device_descriptor_data,
  vcom_device_descriptor_data
};

/* Configuration Descriptor tree for a CDC.*/
static const uint8_t vcom_configuration_descriptor_data[67] = {
  /* Configuration Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_CONFIGURATION(67,            /* wTotalLength.                    */
                         0x02,          /* bNumInterfaces.                  */
                         0x01,          /* bConfigurationValue.             */
                         0,             /* iConfiguration.                  */
                         0xC0,          /* bmAttributes (self powered).     */
                         50),           /* bMaxPower (100mA).               */
  /* Interface Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_INTERFACE    (0x00,          /* bInterfaceNumber.                */
                         0x00,          /* bAlternateSetting.               */
                         0x01,          /* bNumEndpoints.                   */
                         0x02,          /* bInterfaceClass (Communications
                                           Interface Class, CDC section
                                           4.2).                            */
                         0x02,          /* bInterfaceSubClass (Abstract
                                         Control Model, CDC section 4.3).   */
                         0x01,          /* bInterfaceProtocol (AT commands,
                                           CDC section 4.4).                */
                         0),            /* iInterface.                      */
  /* Header Functional Descriptor (CDC section 5.2.3).*/
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (5),            /* bLength.                         */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x24),         /* bDescriptorType (CS_INTERFACE).  */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x00),         /* bDescriptorSubtype (Header
                                           Functional Descriptor.           */
  USB_DESC_BCD          (0x0110),       /* bcdCDC.                          */
  /* Call Management Functional Descriptor. */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (5),            /* bFunctionLength.                 */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x24),         /* bDescriptorType (CS_INTERFACE).  */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x01),         /* bDescriptorSubtype (Call Management
                                           Functional Descriptor).          */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x00),         /* bmCapabilities (D0+D1).          */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x01),         /* bDataInterface.                  */
  /* ACM Functional Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (4),            /* bFunctionLength.                 */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x24),         /* bDescriptorType (CS_INTERFACE).  */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x02),         /* bDescriptorSubtype (Abstract
                                           Control Management Descriptor).  */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x02),         /* bmCapabilities.                  */
  /* Union Functional Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (5),            /* bFunctionLength.                 */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x24),         /* bDescriptorType (CS_INTERFACE).  */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x06),         /* bDescriptorSubtype (Union
                                           Functional Descriptor).          */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x00),         /* bMasterInterface (Communication
                                           Class Interface).                */
  USB_DESC_BYTE         (0x01),         /* bSlaveInterface0 (Data Class
                                           Interface).                      */
  /* Endpoint 2 Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_ENDPOINT     (USBD1_INTERRUPT_REQUEST_EP|0x80,
                         0x03,          /* bmAttributes (Interrupt).        */
                         0x0008,        /* wMaxPacketSize.                  */
                         0xFF),         /* bInterval.                       */
  /* Interface Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_INTERFACE    (0x01,          /* bInterfaceNumber.                */
                         0x00,          /* bAlternateSetting.               */
                         0x02,          /* bNumEndpoints.                   */
                         0x0A,          /* bInterfaceClass (Data Class
                                           Interface, CDC section 4.5).     */
                         0x00,          /* bInterfaceSubClass (CDC section
                                           4.6).                            */
                         0x00,          /* bInterfaceProtocol (CDC section
                                           4.7).                            */
                         0x00),         /* iInterface.                      */
  /* Endpoint 3 Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_ENDPOINT     (USBD1_DATA_AVAILABLE_EP,       /* bEndpointAddress.*/
                         0x02,          /* bmAttributes (Bulk).             */
                         0x0040,        /* wMaxPacketSize.                  */
                         0x00),         /* bInterval.                       */
  /* Endpoint 1 Descriptor.*/
  USB_DESC_ENDPOINT     (USBD1_DATA_REQUEST_EP|0x80,    /* bEndpointAddress.*/
                         0x02,          /* bmAttributes (Bulk).             */
                         0x0040,        /* wMaxPacketSize.                  */
                         0x00)          /* bInterval.                       */
};

/*
 * Configuration Descriptor wrapper.
 */
static const USBDescriptor vcom_configuration_descriptor = {
  sizeof vcom_configuration_descriptor_data,
  vcom_configuration_descriptor_data
};

/*
 * U.S. English language identifier.
 */
static const uint8_t vcom_string0[] = {
  USB_DESC_BYTE(4),                     /* bLength.                         */
  USB_DESC_BYTE(USB_DESCRIPTOR_STRING), /* bDescriptorType.                 */
  USB_DESC_WORD(0x0409)                 /* wLANGID (U.S. English).          */
};

/*
 * Vendor string.
 */
static const uint8_t vcom_string1[] = {
  USB_DESC_BYTE(38),                    /* bLength.                         */
  USB_DESC_BYTE(USB_DESCRIPTOR_STRING), /* bDescriptorType.                 */
  'S', 0, 'T', 0, 'M', 0, 'i', 0, 'c', 0, 'r', 0, 'o', 0, 'e', 0,
  'l', 0, 'e', 0, 'c', 0, 't', 0, 'r', 0, 'o', 0, 'n', 0, 'i', 0,
  'c', 0, 's', 0
};

/*
 * Device Description string.
 */
static const uint8_t vcom_string2[] = {
  USB_DESC_BYTE(56),                    /* bLength.                         */
  USB_DESC_BYTE(USB_DESCRIPTOR_STRING), /* bDescriptorType.                 */
  'C', 0, 'h', 0, 'i', 0, 'b', 0, 'i', 0, 'O', 0, 'S', 0, '/', 0,
  'R', 0, 'T', 0, ' ', 0, 'V', 0, 'i', 0, 'r', 0, 't', 0, 'u', 0,
  'a', 0, 'l', 0, ' ', 0, 'C', 0, 'O', 0, 'M', 0, ' ', 0, 'P', 0,
  'o', 0, 'r', 0, 't', 0
};

/*
 * Serial Number string.
 */
static const uint8_t vcom_string3[] = {
  USB_DESC_BYTE(8),                     /* bLength.                         */
  USB_DESC_BYTE(USB_DESCRIPTOR_STRING), /* bDescriptorType.                 */
  '0' + CH_KERNEL_MAJOR, 0,
  '0' + CH_KERNEL_MINOR, 0,
  '0' + CH_KERNEL_PATCH, 0
};

/*
 * Strings wrappers array.
 */
static const USBDescriptor vcom_strings[] = {
  {sizeof vcom_string0, vcom_string0},
  {sizeof vcom_string1, vcom_string1},
  {sizeof vcom_string2, vcom_string2},
  {sizeof vcom_string3, vcom_string3}
};

/*
 * Handles the GET_DESCRIPTOR callback. All required descriptors must be
 * handled here.
 */
static const USBDescriptor *get_descriptor(USBDriver *usbp,
                                           uint8_t dtype,
                                           uint8_t dindex,
                                           uint16_t lang) {

  (void)usbp;
  (void)lang;
  switch (dtype) {
  case USB_DESCRIPTOR_DEVICE:
    return &vcom_device_descriptor;
  case USB_DESCRIPTOR_CONFIGURATION:
    return &vcom_configuration_descriptor;
  case USB_DESCRIPTOR_STRING:
    if (dindex < 4)
      return &vcom_strings[dindex];
  }
  return NULL;
}

/**
 * @brief   IN EP1 state.
 */
static USBInEndpointState ep1instate;

/**
 * @brief   OUT EP1 state.
 */
static USBOutEndpointState ep1outstate;

/**
 * @brief   EP1 initialization structure (both IN and OUT).
 */
static const USBEndpointConfig ep1config = {
  USB_EP_MODE_TYPE_BULK,
  NULL,
  sduDataTransmitted,
  sduDataReceived,
  0x0040,
  0x0040,
  &ep1instate,
  &ep1outstate,
  2,
  NULL
};

/**
 * @brief   IN EP2 state.
 */
static USBInEndpointState ep2instate;

/**
 * @brief   EP2 initialization structure (IN only).
 */
static const USBEndpointConfig ep2config = {
  USB_EP_MODE_TYPE_INTR,
  NULL,
  sduInterruptTransmitted,
  NULL,
  0x0010,
  0x0000,
  &ep2instate,
  NULL,
  1,
  NULL
};

/*
 * Handles the USB driver global events.
 */
static void usb_event(USBDriver *usbp, usbevent_t event) {

  switch (event) {
  case USB_EVENT_RESET:
    return;
  case USB_EVENT_ADDRESS:
    return;
  case USB_EVENT_CONFIGURED:
    chSysLockFromIsr();

    /* Enables the endpoints specified into the configuration.
       Note, this callback is invoked from an ISR so I-Class functions
       must be used.*/
    usbInitEndpointI(usbp, USBD1_DATA_REQUEST_EP, &ep1config);
    usbInitEndpointI(usbp, USBD1_INTERRUPT_REQUEST_EP, &ep2config);

    /* Resetting the state of the CDC subsystem.*/
    sduConfigureHookI(&SDU1);

    chSysUnlockFromIsr();
    return;
  case USB_EVENT_SUSPEND:
    return;
  case USB_EVENT_WAKEUP:
    return;
  case USB_EVENT_STALLED:
    return;
  }
  return;
}

/*
 * USB driver configuration.
 */
static const USBConfig usbcfg = {
  usb_event,
  get_descriptor,
  sduRequestsHook,
  NULL
};

/*
 * Serial over USB driver configuration.
 */
static const SerialUSBConfig serusbcfg = {
  &USBD1,
  USBD1_DATA_REQUEST_EP,
  USBD1_DATA_AVAILABLE_EP,
  USBD1_INTERRUPT_REQUEST_EP
};

/*===========================================================================*/
/* Command line related.                                                     */
/*===========================================================================*/

#define SHELL_WA_SIZE   THD_WA_SIZE(2048)
#define TEST_WA_SIZE    THD_WA_SIZE(256)

static void cmd_mem(BaseSequentialStream *chp, int argc, char *argv[]) {
  size_t n, size;

  (void)argv;
  if (argc > 0) {
    chprintf(chp, "Usage: mem\r\n");
    return;
  }
  n = chHeapStatus(NULL, &size);
  chprintf(chp, "core free memory : %u bytes\r\n", chCoreStatus());
  chprintf(chp, "heap fragments   : %u\r\n", n);
  chprintf(chp, "heap free total  : %u bytes\r\n", size);
}

static void cmd_threads(BaseSequentialStream *chp, int argc, char *argv[]) {
  static const char *states[] = {THD_STATE_NAMES};
  Thread *tp;

  (void)argv;
  if (argc > 0) {
    chprintf(chp, "Usage: threads\r\n");
    return;
  }
  chprintf(chp, "    addr    stack prio refs     state time\r\n");
  tp = chRegFirstThread();
  do {
    chprintf(chp, "%.8lx %.8lx %4lu %4lu %9s %lu\r\n",
            (uint32_t)tp, (uint32_t)tp->p_ctx.r13,
            (uint32_t)tp->p_prio, (uint32_t)(tp->p_refs - 1),
            states[tp->p_state], (uint32_t)tp->p_time);
    tp = chRegNextThread(tp);
  } while (tp != NULL);
}

static void cmd_test(BaseSequentialStream *chp, int argc, char *argv[]) {
  Thread *tp;

  (void)argv;
  if (argc > 0) {
    chprintf(chp, "Usage: test\r\n");
    return;
  }
  tp = chThdCreateFromHeap(NULL, TEST_WA_SIZE, chThdGetPriority(),
                           TestThread, chp);
  if (tp == NULL) {
    chprintf(chp, "out of memory\r\n");
    return;
  }
  chThdWait(tp);
}

static void cmd_tree(BaseSequentialStream *chp, int argc, char *argv[]) {
  FRESULT err;
  uint32_t clusters;
  FATFS *fsp;

  (void)argv;
  if (argc > 0) {
    chprintf(chp, "Usage: tree\r\n");
    return;
  }
  if (!fs_ready) {
    chprintf(chp, "File System not mounted\r\n");
    return;
  }
  err = f_getfree("/", &clusters, &fsp);
  if (err != FR_OK) {
    chprintf(chp, "FS: f_getfree() failed\r\n");
    return;
  }
  chprintf(chp,
           "FS: %lu free clusters, %lu sectors per cluster, %lu bytes free\r\n",
           clusters, (uint32_t)SDC_FS.csize,
           clusters * (uint32_t)SDC_FS.csize * (uint32_t)MMCSD_BLOCK_SIZE);
  fbuff[0] = 0;
  scan_files(chp, (char *)fbuff);
}

static const ShellCommand commands[] = {
  {"mem", cmd_mem},
  {"threads", cmd_threads},
  {"test", cmd_test},
  {"tree", cmd_tree},
  {NULL, NULL}
};

static const ShellConfig shell_cfg1 = {
  (BaseSequentialStream *)&SDU1,
  commands
};

/*===========================================================================*/
/* Main and generic code.                                                    */
/*===========================================================================*/

/*
 * Card insertion event.
 */
static void InsertHandler(eventid_t id) {
  FRESULT err;

  (void)id;
  /*
   * On insertion SDC initialization and FS mount.
   */
  if (sdcConnect(&SDCD1))
    return;

  err = f_mount(0, &SDC_FS);
  if (err != FR_OK) {
    sdcDisconnect(&SDCD1);
    return;
  }
  fs_ready = TRUE;
}

/*
 * Card removal event.
 */
static void RemoveHandler(eventid_t id) {

  (void)id;
  sdcDisconnect(&SDCD1);
  fs_ready = FALSE;
}

/*
 * Green LED blinker thread, times are in milliseconds.
 */
static WORKING_AREA(waThread1, 128);
static msg_t Thread1(void *arg) {

  (void)arg;
  chRegSetThreadName("blinker");
  while (TRUE) {
    palTogglePad(GPIOC, GPIOC_LED);
    chThdSleepMilliseconds(fs_ready ? 125 : 500);
  }
}

/*
 * Application entry point.
 */
int main(void) {
  static Thread *shelltp = NULL;
  static const evhandler_t evhndl[] = {
    InsertHandler,
    RemoveHandler
  };
  struct EventListener el0, el1;

  /*
   * System initializations.
   * - HAL initialization, this also initializes the configured device drivers
   *   and performs the board-specific initializations.
   * - Kernel initialization, the main() function becomes a thread and the
   *   RTOS is active.
   */
  halInit();
  chSysInit();

  /*
   * Initializes a serial-over-USB CDC driver.
   */
  sduObjectInit(&SDU1);
  sduStart(&SDU1, &serusbcfg);

  /*
   * Activates the USB driver and then the USB bus pull-up on D+.
   * Note, a delay is inserted in order to not have to disconnect the cable
   * after a reset.
   */
  usbDisconnectBus(serusbcfg.usbp);
  chThdSleepMilliseconds(1500);
  usbStart(serusbcfg.usbp, &usbcfg);
  usbConnectBus(serusbcfg.usbp);

  /*
   * Shell manager initialization.
   */
  shellInit();

  /*
   * Activates the serial driver 6 and SDC driver 1 using default
   * configuration.
   */
  sdStart(&SD6, NULL);
  sdcStart(&SDCD1, NULL);

  /*
   * Activates the card insertion monitor.
   */
  tmr_init(&SDCD1);

  /*
   * Creates the blinker thread.
   */
  chThdCreateStatic(waThread1, sizeof(waThread1), NORMALPRIO, Thread1, NULL);

  /*
   * Creates the LWIP threads (it changes priority internally).
   */
  chThdCreateStatic(wa_lwip_thread, LWIP_THREAD_STACK_SIZE, NORMALPRIO + 2,
                    lwip_thread, NULL);

  /*
   * Creates the HTTP thread (it changes priority internally).
   */
  chThdCreateStatic(wa_http_server, sizeof(wa_http_server), NORMALPRIO + 1,
                    http_server, NULL);

  /*
   * Normal main() thread activity, in this demo it does nothing except
   * sleeping in a loop and listen for events.
   */
  chEvtRegister(&inserted_event, &el0, 0);
  chEvtRegister(&removed_event, &el1, 1);
  while (TRUE) {
    if (!shelltp && (SDU1.config->usbp->state == USB_ACTIVE))
      shelltp = shellCreate(&shell_cfg1, SHELL_WA_SIZE, NORMALPRIO);
    else if (chThdTerminated(shelltp)) {
      chThdRelease(shelltp);    /* Recovers memory of the previous shell.   */
      shelltp = NULL;           /* Triggers spawning of a new shell.        */
    }
    if (palReadPad(GPIOA, GPIOA_BUTTON_WKUP) != 0) {
    }
    chEvtDispatch(evhndl, chEvtWaitOneTimeout(ALL_EVENTS, MS2ST(500)));
  }
}