Add docs for 'CUSTOM_MATRIX = lite' (#7906)

* Add some docs to cover 'CUSTOM_MATRIX = lite'

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: fauxpark <fauxpark@gmail.com>

* Add 'SRC += matrix.c' docs

* Update docs/custom_matrix.md

Co-Authored-By: fauxpark <fauxpark@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: fauxpark <fauxpark@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 108 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/custom_matrix.md b/docs/custom_matrix.md
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+# Custom Matrix
+
+QMK provides a mechanism to supplement or replace the default matrix scanning routine with your own code.
+
+The reasons to use this feature include:
+
+* Extra hardware between the keyboard's switches and MCU pins
+  * I/O multiplexer
+  * Line decoder
+* Irregular switch matrix
+  * Simultaneous use of `COL2ROW` and `ROW2COL`
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+Implementing custom matrix usually involves compilation of an additional source file. It is recommended that for consistency, this file is called `matrix.c`.
+
+Add a new file to your keyboard directory:
+```text
+keyboards/<keyboard>/matrix.c
+```
+
+And to configure compilation for the new file, add this to your `rules.mk`:
+```make
+SRC += matrix.c
+```
+
+## 'lite'
+
+Provides a default implementation for various scanning functions, reducing the boilerplate code when implementing custom matrix.
+To configure it, add this to your `rules.mk`:
+
+```make
+CUSTOM_MATRIX = lite
+```
+
+And implement the following functions in a `matrix.c` file in your keyboard folder:
+
+```c
+void matrix_init_custom(void) {
+    // TODO: initialize hardware here
+}
+
+bool matrix_scan_custom(matrix_row_t current_matrix[]) {
+    bool matrix_has_changed = false;
+
+    // TODO: add matrix scanning routine here
+
+    return matrix_has_changed;
+}
+```
+
+
+## Full Replacement
+
+When more control over the scanning routine is required, you can choose to implement the full scanning routine.
+To configure it, add this to your rules.mk:
+
+```make
+CUSTOM_MATRIX = yes
+```
+
+And implement the following functions in a `matrix.c` file in your keyboard folder:
+
+```c
+matrix_row_t matrix_get_row(uint8_t row) {
+    // TODO: return the requested row data
+}
+
+void matrix_print(void) {
+    // TODO: use print() to dump the current matrix state to console
+}
+
+void matrix_init(void) {
+    // TODO: initialize hardware and global matrix state here
+
+    // Unless hardware debouncing - Init the configured debounce routine
+    debounce_init(MATRIX_ROWS);
+
+    // This *must* be called for correct keyboard behavior
+    matrix_init_quantum();
+}
+
+uint8_t matrix_scan(void) {
+    bool matrix_has_changed = false;
+
+    // TODO: add matrix scanning routine here
+
+    // Unless hardware debouncing - use the configured debounce routine
+    debounce(raw_matrix, matrix, MATRIX_ROWS, changed);
+
+    // This *must* be called for correct keyboard behavior
+    matrix_scan_quantum();
+
+    return matrix_has_changed;
+}
+```
+
+And also provide defaults for the following callbacks:
+
+```c
+__attribute__((weak)) void matrix_init_kb(void) { matrix_init_user(); }
+
+__attribute__((weak)) void matrix_scan_kb(void) { matrix_scan_user(); }
+
+__attribute__((weak)) void matrix_init_user(void) {}
+
+__attribute__((weak)) void matrix_scan_user(void) {}
+```