Version abc80130_2

15 files changed, 8747 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/aig/kit/cloud.c b/src/aig/kit/cloud.c
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/cloud.c
@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cloudCore.c]
+
+  PackageName [Fast application-specific BDD package.]
+
+  Synopsis    [The package core.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko <alanmi@ece.pdx.edu>]
+  
+  Affiliation [ECE Department. Portland State University, Portland, Oregon.]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 10, 2002.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cloudCore.c,v 1.0 2002/06/10 03:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "cloud.h"
+
+// the number of operators using cache
+static int CacheOperNum = 4;
+
+// the ratio of cache size to the unique table size for each operator
+static int CacheLogRatioDefault[4] = {
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_AND, 
+    8, // CLOUD_OPER_XOR, 
+    8, // CLOUD_OPER_BDIFF, 
+    8  // CLOUD_OPER_LEQ 
+};
+
+// the ratio of cache size to the unique table size for each operator
+static int CacheSize[4] = {
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_AND, 
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_XOR, 
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_BDIFF, 
+    2  // CLOUD_OPER_LEQ 
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       FUNCTION DECLARATIONS                      ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// static functions
+static CloudNode * cloudMakeNode( CloudManager * dd, CloudVar v, CloudNode * t, CloudNode * e );
+static void        cloudCacheAllocate( CloudManager * dd, CloudOper oper );
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                       ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Starts the cloud manager.]
+
+  Description [The first arguments is the number of elementary variables used.
+  The second arguments is the number of bits of the unsigned integer used to 
+  represent nodes in the unique table. If the second argument is 0, the package 
+  assumes 23 to represent nodes, which is equivalent to 2^23 = 8,388,608 nodes.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudManager * Cloud_Init( int nVars, int nBits )
+{
+    CloudManager * dd;
+    int i;
+    int clk1, clk2;
+
+    assert( nVars <= 100000 );
+    assert( nBits < 32 );
+
+    // assign the defaults
+    if ( nBits == 0 )
+        nBits = CLOUD_NODE_BITS;
+
+    // start the manager
+    dd = CALLOC( CloudManager, 1 );
+    dd->nMemUsed          += sizeof(CloudManager);
+
+    // variables
+    dd->nVars             = nVars;              // the number of variables allocated
+    // bits
+    dd->bitsNode          = nBits;              // the number of bits used for the node
+    for ( i = 0; i < CacheOperNum; i++ )
+        dd->bitsCache[i]  = nBits - CacheLogRatioDefault[i];
+    // shifts
+    dd->shiftUnique       = 8*sizeof(unsigned) - (nBits + 1); // gets node index in the hash table
+    for ( i = 0; i < CacheOperNum; i++ )
+        dd->shiftCache[i] = 8*sizeof(unsigned) - dd->bitsCache[i];
+    // nodes
+    dd->nNodesAlloc       = (1 << (nBits + 1)); // 2 ^ (nBits + 1)
+    dd->nNodesLimit       = (1 << nBits);       // 2 ^  nBits
+
+    // unique table
+clk1 = clock();
+    dd->tUnique           = CALLOC( CloudNode, dd->nNodesAlloc );
+    dd->nMemUsed         += sizeof(CloudNode) * dd->nNodesAlloc;
+clk2 = clock();
+//PRT( "calloc() time", clk2 - clk1 ); 
+
+    // set up the constant node (the only node that is not in the hash table)
+    dd->nSignCur          = 1;
+    dd->tUnique[0].s      = dd->nSignCur;
+    dd->tUnique[0].v      = CLOUD_CONST_INDEX;
+    dd->tUnique[0].e      = CLOUD_VOID;
+    dd->tUnique[0].t      = CLOUD_VOID;
+    dd->one               = dd->tUnique;
+    dd->zero              = Cloud_Not(dd->one);
+    dd->nNodesCur         = 1;
+
+    // special nodes
+    dd->pNodeStart        = dd->tUnique + 1;
+    dd->pNodeEnd          = dd->tUnique + dd->nNodesAlloc;
+
+    // set up the elementary variables
+    dd->vars              = ALLOC( CloudNode *, dd->nVars );
+    dd->nMemUsed         += sizeof(CloudNode *) * dd->nVars;
+    for ( i = 0; i < dd->nVars; i++ )
+        dd->vars[i]   = cloudMakeNode( dd, i, dd->one, dd->zero );
+
+    return dd;
+};
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Stops the cloud manager.]
+
+  Description [The first arguments tells show many elementary variables are used.
+  The second arguments tells how many bits of the unsigned integer are used
+  to represent regular nodes in the unique table.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_Quit( CloudManager * dd )
+{
+    int i;
+    FREE( dd->ppNodes );
+    free( dd->tUnique ); 
+    free( dd->vars ); 
+    for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+        FREE( dd->tCaches[i] );
+    free( dd ); 
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prepares the manager for another run.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_Restart( CloudManager * dd )
+{
+    int i;
+    assert( dd->one->s == dd->nSignCur );
+    dd->nSignCur++;
+    dd->one->s++;
+    for ( i = 0; i < dd->nVars; i++ )
+        dd->vars[i]->s++;
+    dd->nNodesCur = 1 + dd->nVars;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [This optional function allocates operation cache of the given size.]
+
+  Description [Cache for each operation is allocated independently when the first 
+  operation of the given type is performed. The user can allocate cache of his/her 
+  preferred size by calling Cloud_CacheAllocate before the first operation of the 
+  given type is performed, but this call is optional. Argument "logratio" gives
+  the binary logarithm of the ratio of the size of the unique table to that of cache.
+  For example, if "logratio" is equal to 3, and the unique table will be 2^3=8 times
+  larger than cache; so, if unique table is 2^23 = 8,388,608 nodes, the cache size 
+  will be 2^3=8 times smaller and equal to 2^20 = 1,048,576 entries.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_CacheAllocate( CloudManager * dd, CloudOper oper, int logratio )
+{
+    assert( logratio > 0 );            // cache cannot be larger than the unique table 
+    assert( logratio < dd->bitsNode ); // cache cannot be smaller than 2 entries
+
+    if ( logratio )
+    {
+        dd->bitsCache[oper]  = dd->bitsNode - logratio;
+        dd->shiftCache[oper] = 8*sizeof(unsigned) - dd->bitsCache[oper];
+    }
+    cloudCacheAllocate( dd, oper );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Internal cache allocation.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void cloudCacheAllocate( CloudManager * dd, CloudOper oper )
+{
+    int nCacheEntries = (1 << dd->bitsCache[oper]);
+
+    if ( CacheSize[oper] == 1 )
+    {
+        dd->tCaches[oper] = (CloudCacheEntry2 *)CALLOC( CloudCacheEntry1, nCacheEntries );
+        dd->nMemUsed     += sizeof(CloudCacheEntry1) * nCacheEntries;
+    }
+    else if ( CacheSize[oper] == 2 )
+    {
+        dd->tCaches[oper] = (CloudCacheEntry2 *)CALLOC( CloudCacheEntry2, nCacheEntries );
+        dd->nMemUsed     += sizeof(CloudCacheEntry2) * nCacheEntries;
+    }
+    else if ( CacheSize[oper] == 3 )
+    {
+        dd->tCaches[oper] = (CloudCacheEntry2 *)CALLOC( CloudCacheEntry3, nCacheEntries );
+        dd->nMemUsed     += sizeof(CloudCacheEntry3) * nCacheEntries;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns or creates a new node]
+
+  Description [Checks the unique table for the existance of the node. If the node is 
+  present, returns the node. If the node is absent, creates a new node.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Cloud_MakeNode( CloudManager * dd, CloudVar v, CloudNode * t, CloudNode * e )
+{
+    CloudNode * pRes;
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(t); 
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(e);
+    assert( v < Cloud_V(t) && v < Cloud_V(e) );       // variable should be above in the order
+    if ( Cloud_IsComplement(t) )
+    {
+        pRes = cloudMakeNode( dd, v, Cloud_Not(t), Cloud_Not(e) );
+        if ( pRes != CLOUD_VOID )
+            pRes = Cloud_Not(pRes);            
+    }
+    else
+        pRes = cloudMakeNode( dd, v, t, e );
+    return pRes;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns or creates a new node]
+
+  Description [Checks the unique table for the existance of the node. If the node is 
+  present, returns the node. If the node is absent, creates a new node.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * cloudMakeNode( CloudManager * dd, CloudVar v, CloudNode * t, CloudNode * e )
+{
+    CloudNode * entryUnique;
+
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(t); 
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(e);
+
+    assert( ((int)v) >= 0 && ((int)v) < dd->nVars );  // the variable must be in the range
+    assert( v < Cloud_V(t) && v < Cloud_V(e) );       // variable should be above in the order
+    assert( !Cloud_IsComplement(t) );                 // the THEN edge must not be complemented
+
+    // make sure we are not searching for the constant node
+    assert( t && e );
+
+    // get the unique entry
+    entryUnique = dd->tUnique + cloudHashCudd3(v, t, e, dd->shiftUnique);
+    while ( entryUnique->s == dd->nSignCur )
+    {
+        // compare the node
+        if ( entryUnique->v == v && entryUnique->t == t && entryUnique->e == e )
+        { // the node is found
+            dd->nUniqueHits++;
+            return entryUnique;  // returns the node
+        }
+        // increment the hash value modulus the hash table size
+        if ( ++entryUnique - dd->tUnique == dd->nNodesAlloc )
+            entryUnique = dd->tUnique + 1;
+        // increment the number of steps through the table
+        dd->nUniqueSteps++;
+    }
+    dd->nUniqueMisses++;
+
+    // check if the new node can be created
+    if ( ++dd->nNodesCur == dd->nNodesLimit ) 
+    { // initiate the restart
+        printf( "Cloud needs restart!\n" );
+//        fflush( stdout );
+//        exit(1);
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+    }
+    // create the node
+    entryUnique->s   = dd->nSignCur;
+    entryUnique->v   = v;
+    entryUnique->t   = t;
+    entryUnique->e   = e;
+    return entryUnique;  // returns the node
+}
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the AND or two BDDs]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * cloudBddAnd( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g )
+{
+    CloudNode * F, * G, * r;
+    CloudCacheEntry2 * cacheEntry;
+    CloudNode * fv, * fnv, * gv, * gnv, * t, * e;
+    CloudVar  var;
+
+    assert( f <= g );
+
+    // terminal cases
+    F = Cloud_Regular(f);
+    G = Cloud_Regular(g);
+    if ( F == G )
+    {
+        if ( f == g )
+            return f;
+        else
+            return dd->zero;
+    }
+    if ( F == dd->one )
+    {
+        if ( f == dd->one )
+            return g;
+        else
+            return f;
+    }
+
+    // check cache
+    cacheEntry = dd->tCaches[CLOUD_OPER_AND] + cloudHashCudd2(f, g, dd->shiftCache[CLOUD_OPER_AND]);
+//    cacheEntry = dd->tCaches[CLOUD_OPER_AND] + cloudHashBuddy2(f, g, dd->shiftCache[CLOUD_OPER_AND]);
+    r = cloudCacheLookup2( cacheEntry, dd->nSignCur, f, g );
+    if ( r != CLOUD_VOID )
+    {
+        dd->nCacheHits++;
+        return r;
+    }
+    dd->nCacheMisses++;
+
+
+    // compute cofactors
+    if ( cloudV(F) <= cloudV(G) )
+    {
+        var = cloudV(F);
+        if ( Cloud_IsComplement(f) )
+        {
+            fnv = Cloud_Not(cloudE(F));
+            fv  = Cloud_Not(cloudT(F));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            fnv = cloudE(F);
+            fv  = cloudT(F);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        var = cloudV(G);
+        fv  = fnv = f;
+    }
+
+    if ( cloudV(G) <= cloudV(F) )
+    {
+        if ( Cloud_IsComplement(g) )
+        {
+            gnv = Cloud_Not(cloudE(G));
+            gv  = Cloud_Not(cloudT(G));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            gnv = cloudE(G);
+            gv  = cloudT(G);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        gv = gnv = g;
+    }
+
+    if ( fv <= gv )
+        t = cloudBddAnd( dd, fv, gv );
+    else
+        t = cloudBddAnd( dd, gv, fv );
+
+    if ( t == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+
+    if ( fnv <= gnv )
+        e = cloudBddAnd( dd, fnv, gnv );
+    else
+        e = cloudBddAnd( dd, gnv, fnv );
+
+    if ( e == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+
+    if ( t == e )
+        r = t;
+    else
+    {
+        if ( Cloud_IsComplement(t) )
+        {
+            r = cloudMakeNode( dd, var, Cloud_Not(t), Cloud_Not(e) );
+            if ( r == CLOUD_VOID )
+                return CLOUD_VOID;
+            r = Cloud_Not(r);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            r = cloudMakeNode( dd, var, t, e );
+            if ( r == CLOUD_VOID )
+                return CLOUD_VOID;
+        }
+    }
+    cloudCacheInsert2( cacheEntry, dd->nSignCur, f, g, r );
+    return r;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the AND or two BDDs]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+static inline CloudNode * cloudBddAnd_gate( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g )
+{
+    if ( f <= g )
+        return cloudBddAnd(dd,f,g);
+    else
+        return cloudBddAnd(dd,g,f);
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the AND or two BDDs]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Cloud_bddAnd( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g )
+{
+    if ( Cloud_Regular(f) == CLOUD_VOID || Cloud_Regular(g) == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(f);
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(g);
+    if ( dd->tCaches[CLOUD_OPER_AND] == NULL )
+        cloudCacheAllocate( dd, CLOUD_OPER_AND );
+    return cloudBddAnd_gate( dd, f, g );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the OR or two BDDs]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Cloud_bddOr( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g )
+{
+    CloudNode * res;
+    if ( Cloud_Regular(f) == CLOUD_VOID || Cloud_Regular(g) == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(f);
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(g);
+    if ( dd->tCaches[CLOUD_OPER_AND] == NULL )
+        cloudCacheAllocate( dd, CLOUD_OPER_AND );
+    res = cloudBddAnd_gate( dd, Cloud_Not(f), Cloud_Not(g) );
+    res = Cloud_NotCond( res, res != CLOUD_VOID );
+    return res;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the XOR or two BDDs]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Cloud_bddXor( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g )
+{
+    CloudNode * t0, * t1, * r;
+    if ( Cloud_Regular(f) == CLOUD_VOID || Cloud_Regular(g) == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(f);
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(g);
+    if ( dd->tCaches[CLOUD_OPER_AND] == NULL )
+        cloudCacheAllocate( dd, CLOUD_OPER_AND );
+    t0 = cloudBddAnd_gate( dd, f, Cloud_Not(g) );
+    if ( t0 == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+    t1 = cloudBddAnd_gate( dd, Cloud_Not(f), g );
+    if ( t1 == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+    r  = Cloud_bddOr( dd, t0, t1 );
+    return r;
+}
+
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs a DFS from f, clearing the LSB of the next
+  pointers.]
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+  SeeAlso     [cloudSupport cloudDagSize]
+
+******************************************************************************/
+static void cloudClearMark( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n )
+{
+    if ( !cloudNodeIsMarked(n) )
+        return;
+    // clear visited flag
+    cloudNodeUnmark(n);
+    if ( cloudIsConstant(n) )
+        return;
+    cloudClearMark( dd, cloudT(n) );
+    cloudClearMark( dd, Cloud_Regular(cloudE(n)) );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the recursive step of Cloud_Support.]
+
+  Description [Performs the recursive step of Cloud_Support. Performs a
+  DFS from f. The support is accumulated in supp as a side effect. Uses
+  the LSB of the then pointer as visited flag.]
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+static void cloudSupport( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n, int * support )
+{
+    if ( cloudIsConstant(n) || cloudNodeIsMarked(n) )
+        return;
+    // set visited flag
+    cloudNodeMark(n);
+    support[cloudV(n)] = 1;
+    cloudSupport( dd, cloudT(n), support );
+    cloudSupport( dd, Cloud_Regular(cloudE(n)), support );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Finds the variables on which a DD depends.]
+
+  Description [Finds the variables on which a DD depends.
+  Returns a BDD consisting of the product of the variables if
+  successful; NULL otherwise.]
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Cloud_Support( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n )
+{
+    CloudNode * res;
+    int * support, i;
+
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(n);
+
+    // allocate and initialize support array for cloudSupport
+    support = CALLOC( int, dd->nVars );
+
+    // compute support and clean up markers
+    cloudSupport( dd, Cloud_Regular(n), support );
+    cloudClearMark( dd, Cloud_Regular(n) );
+
+    // transform support from array to cube
+    res = dd->one;
+    for ( i = dd->nVars - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) // for each level bottom-up 
+        if ( support[i] == 1 )
+        {
+            res = Cloud_bddAnd( dd, res, dd->vars[i] );
+            if ( res == CLOUD_VOID )
+                break;
+        }
+    FREE( support );
+    return res;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the variables on which a DD depends.]
+
+  Description [Counts the variables on which a DD depends.
+  Returns the number of the variables if successful; Cloud_OUT_OF_MEM
+  otherwise.]
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+int Cloud_SupportSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n )
+{
+    int * support, i, count;
+
+    CLOUD_ASSERT(n);
+
+    // allocate and initialize support array for cloudSupport
+    support = CALLOC( int, dd->nVars );
+
+    // compute support and clean up markers
+    cloudSupport( dd, Cloud_Regular(n), support );
+    cloudClearMark( dd, Cloud_Regular(n) );
+
+    // count support variables
+    count = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < dd->nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( support[i] == 1 )
+            count++;
+    }
+
+    FREE( support );
+    return count;
+}
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the recursive step of Cloud_DagSize.]
+
+  Description [Performs the recursive step of Cloud_DagSize. Returns the
+  number of nodes in the graph rooted at n.]
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+******************************************************************************/
+static int cloudDagSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n )
+{
+    int tval, eval;
+    if ( cloudNodeIsMarked(n) )
+        return 0;
+    // set visited flag
+    cloudNodeMark(n);
+    if ( cloudIsConstant(n) )
+        return 1;
+    tval = cloudDagSize( dd, cloudT(n) );
+    eval = cloudDagSize( dd, Cloud_Regular(cloudE(n)) );
+    return tval + eval + 1;
+
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of nodes in a DD.]
+
+  Description [Counts the number of nodes in a DD. Returns the number
+  of nodes in the graph rooted at node.]
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+int Cloud_DagSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n )
+{
+    int res;
+    res = cloudDagSize( dd, Cloud_Regular( n ) );
+    cloudClearMark( dd, Cloud_Regular( n ) );
+    return res;
+
+}
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs the recursive step of Cloud_DagSize.]
+
+  Description [Performs the recursive step of Cloud_DagSize. Returns the
+  number of nodes in the graph rooted at n.]
+
+  SideEffects [None]
+
+******************************************************************************/
+static int Cloud_DagCollect_rec( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n, int * pCounter )
+{
+    int tval, eval;
+    if ( cloudNodeIsMarked(n) )
+        return 0;
+    // set visited flag
+    cloudNodeMark(n);
+    if ( cloudIsConstant(n) )
+    {
+        dd->ppNodes[(*pCounter)++] = n;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    tval = Cloud_DagCollect_rec( dd, cloudT(n), pCounter );
+    eval = Cloud_DagCollect_rec( dd, Cloud_Regular(cloudE(n)), pCounter );
+    dd->ppNodes[(*pCounter)++] = n;
+    return tval + eval + 1;
+
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of nodes in a DD.]
+
+  Description [Counts the number of nodes in a DD. Returns the number
+  of nodes in the graph rooted at node.]
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+int Cloud_DagCollect( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n )
+{
+    int res, Counter = 0;
+    if ( dd->ppNodes == NULL )
+        dd->ppNodes = ALLOC( CloudNode *, dd->nNodesLimit );
+    res = Cloud_DagCollect_rec( dd, Cloud_Regular( n ), &Counter );
+    cloudClearMark( dd, Cloud_Regular( n ) );
+    assert( res == Counter );
+    return res;
+
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of nodes in an array of DDs.]
+
+  Description [Counts the number of nodes in a DD. Returns the number
+  of nodes in the graph rooted at node.]
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+int Cloud_SharingSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode ** pn, int nn )
+{
+    int res, i;
+    res = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nn; i++ )
+        res += cloudDagSize( dd, Cloud_Regular( pn[i] ) );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nn; i++ )
+        cloudClearMark( dd, Cloud_Regular( pn[i] ) );
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns one cube contained in the given BDD.]
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Cloud_GetOneCube( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * bFunc )
+{
+    CloudNode * bFunc0, * bFunc1, * res;
+
+    if ( Cloud_IsConstant(bFunc) )
+        return bFunc;
+
+    // cofactor
+    if ( Cloud_IsComplement(bFunc) )
+    {
+        bFunc0 = Cloud_Not( cloudE(bFunc) );
+        bFunc1 = Cloud_Not( cloudT(bFunc) );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        bFunc0 = cloudE(bFunc);
+        bFunc1 = cloudT(bFunc);
+    }
+
+    // try to find the cube with the negative literal
+    res = Cloud_GetOneCube( dd, bFunc0 );
+    if ( res == CLOUD_VOID )
+        return CLOUD_VOID;
+
+    if ( res != dd->zero )
+    {
+        res = Cloud_bddAnd( dd, res, Cloud_Not(dd->vars[Cloud_V(bFunc)]) );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // try to find the cube with the positive literal
+        res = Cloud_GetOneCube( dd, bFunc1 );
+        if ( res == CLOUD_VOID )
+            return CLOUD_VOID;
+        assert( res != dd->zero );
+        res = Cloud_bddAnd( dd, res, dd->vars[Cloud_V(bFunc)] );
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints the BDD as a set of disjoint cubes to the standard output.]
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_bddPrint( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * Func )
+{
+    CloudNode * Cube;
+    int fFirst = 1;
+
+    if ( Func == dd->zero )
+        printf( "Constant 0." );
+    else if ( Func == dd->one )
+        printf( "Constant 1." );
+    else
+    {
+        while ( 1 )
+        {
+            Cube = Cloud_GetOneCube( dd, Func );
+            if ( Cube == CLOUD_VOID || Cube == dd->zero )
+                break;
+            if ( fFirst )       fFirst = 0;
+            else                printf( " + " );
+            Cloud_bddPrintCube( dd, Cube );
+            Func = Cloud_bddAnd( dd, Func, Cloud_Not(Cube) );
+        } 
+    }
+    printf( "\n" );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints one cube.]
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_bddPrintCube( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * bCube )
+{
+    CloudNode * bCube0, * bCube1;
+
+    assert( !Cloud_IsConstant(bCube) );
+    while ( 1 )
+    {
+        // get the node structure
+        if ( Cloud_IsConstant(bCube) )
+            break;
+
+        // cofactor the cube
+        if ( Cloud_IsComplement(bCube) )
+        {
+            bCube0 = Cloud_Not( cloudE(bCube) );
+            bCube1 = Cloud_Not( cloudT(bCube) );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bCube0 = cloudE(bCube);
+            bCube1 = cloudT(bCube);
+        }
+
+        if ( bCube0 != dd->zero )
+        {
+            assert( bCube1 == dd->zero );
+            printf( "[%d]'", cloudV(bCube) );
+            bCube = bCube0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            assert( bCube1 != dd->zero );
+            printf( "[%d]", cloudV(bCube) );
+            bCube = bCube1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints info.]
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_PrintInfo( CloudManager * dd )
+{
+    if ( dd == NULL ) return;
+    printf( "The number of unique table nodes allocated = %12d.\n", dd->nNodesAlloc );
+    printf( "The number of unique table nodes present   = %12d.\n", dd->nNodesCur );
+    printf( "The number of unique table hits            = %12d.\n", dd->nUniqueHits );
+    printf( "The number of unique table misses          = %12d.\n", dd->nUniqueMisses );
+    printf( "The number of unique table steps           = %12d.\n", dd->nUniqueSteps );
+    printf( "The number of cache hits                   = %12d.\n", dd->nCacheHits );
+    printf( "The number of cache misses                 = %12d.\n", dd->nCacheMisses );
+    printf( "The current signature                      = %12d.\n", dd->nSignCur );
+    printf( "The total memory in use                    = %12d.\n", dd->nMemUsed );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints the state of the hash table.]
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Cloud_PrintHashTable( CloudManager * dd )
+{
+    int i;
+
+    for ( i = 0; i < dd->nNodesAlloc; i++ )
+        if ( dd->tUnique[i].v == CLOUD_CONST_INDEX )
+            printf( "-" );
+        else
+            printf( "+" );
+    printf( "\n" );
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/cloud.h b/src/aig/kit/cloud.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac9d45f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/cloud.h
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [cloud.h]
+
+  PackageName [Fast application-specific BDD package.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Interface of the package.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko <alanmi@ece.pdx.edu>]
+  
+  Affiliation [ECE Department. Portland State University, Portland, Oregon.]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 10, 2002.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: cloud.h,v 1.0 2002/06/10 03:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __CLOUD_H__
+#define __CLOUD_H__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define inline __inline // compatible with MS VS 6.0
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  n |  2^n ||  n |    2^n ||  n |        2^n ||  n |           2^n  //
+//====================================================================//
+//  1 |    2 ||  9 |    512 || 17 |    131,072 || 25 |    33,554,432  //
+//  2 |    4 || 10 |  1,024 || 18 |    262,144 || 26 |    67,108,864  // 
+//  3 |    8 || 11 |  2,048 || 19 |    524,288 || 27 |   134,217,728  //
+//  4 |   16 || 12 |  4,096 || 20 |  1,048,576 || 28 |   268,435,456  //
+//  5 |   32 || 13 |  8,192 || 21 |  2,097,152 || 29 |   536,870,912  //
+//  6 |   64 || 14 | 16,384 || 22 |  4,194,304 || 30 | 1,073,741,824  //
+//  7 |  128 || 15 | 32,768 || 23 |  8,388,608 || 31 | 2,147,483,648  //
+//  8 |  256 || 16 | 65,536 || 24 | 16,777,216 || 32 | 4,294,967,296  //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// data structure typedefs
+typedef struct cloudManager       CloudManager;
+typedef unsigned                  CloudVar;
+typedef unsigned                  CloudSign;
+typedef struct cloudNode          CloudNode;
+typedef struct cloudCacheEntry1   CloudCacheEntry1;
+typedef struct cloudCacheEntry2   CloudCacheEntry2;
+typedef struct cloudCacheEntry3   CloudCacheEntry3;
+
+// operation codes used to set up the cache
+typedef enum { 
+    CLOUD_OPER_AND, 
+    CLOUD_OPER_XOR, 
+    CLOUD_OPER_BDIFF, 
+    CLOUD_OPER_LEQ 
+} CloudOper;
+
+/*
+// the number of operators using cache
+static int CacheOperNum = 4;
+
+// the ratio of cache size to the unique table size for each operator
+static int CacheLogRatioDefault[4] = {
+    4, // CLOUD_OPER_AND, 
+    8, // CLOUD_OPER_XOR, 
+    8, // CLOUD_OPER_BDIFF, 
+    8  // CLOUD_OPER_LEQ 
+};
+
+// the ratio of cache size to the unique table size for each operator
+static int CacheSize[4] = {
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_AND, 
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_XOR, 
+    2, // CLOUD_OPER_BDIFF, 
+    2  // CLOUD_OPER_LEQ 
+};
+*/
+
+// data structure definitions
+struct cloudManager            // the fast bdd manager     
+{
+    // variables
+    int nVars;                 // the number of variables allocated
+    // bits
+    int bitsNode;              // the number of bits used for the node
+    int bitsCache[4];          // default: bitsNode - CacheSizeRatio[i]
+    // shifts
+    int shiftUnique;           // 8*sizeof(unsigned) - (bitsNode + 1)
+    int shiftCache[4];         // 8*sizeof(unsigned) -  bitsCache[i]
+    // nodes 
+    int nNodesAlloc;           // 2 ^ (bitsNode + 1)
+    int nNodesLimit;           // 2 ^  bitsNode
+    int nNodesCur;             // the current number of nodes (including const1 and vars)
+    // signature
+    CloudSign nSignCur;
+
+    // statistics
+    int nMemUsed;              // memory usage in bytes
+    // cache stats
+    int nUniqueHits;           // hits in the unique table
+    int nUniqueMisses;         // misses in the unique table
+    int nCacheHits;            // hits in the caches
+    int nCacheMisses;          // misses in the caches
+    // the number of steps through the hash table
+    int nUniqueSteps;
+
+    // tables
+    CloudNode * tUnique;       // the unique table to store BDD nodes
+
+    // special nodes
+    CloudNode * pNodeStart;    // the pointer to the first node
+    CloudNode * pNodeEnd;      // the pointer to the first node out of the table
+
+    // constants and variables
+    CloudNode *  one;          // the one function
+    CloudNode *  zero;         // the zero function
+    CloudNode ** vars;         // the elementary variables
+
+    // temporary storage for nodes
+    CloudNode ** ppNodes;
+
+    // caches
+    CloudCacheEntry2 * tCaches[20];    // caches
+};
+
+struct cloudNode   // representation of the node in the unique table
+{
+    CloudSign   s;         // signature
+    CloudVar    v;         // variable
+    CloudNode * e;         // negative cofactor
+    CloudNode * t;         // positive cofactor
+};
+struct cloudCacheEntry1  // one-argument cache
+{
+    CloudSign   s;         // signature
+    CloudNode * a;         // argument 1
+    CloudNode * r;         // result
+};
+struct cloudCacheEntry2  // the two-argument cache
+{
+    CloudSign   s;         // signature
+    CloudNode * a;
+    CloudNode * b;
+    CloudNode * r;
+};
+struct cloudCacheEntry3  // the three-argument cache
+{
+    CloudSign   s;         // signature
+    CloudNode * a;
+    CloudNode * b;
+    CloudNode * c;
+    CloudNode * r;
+};
+
+
+// parameters
+#define CLOUD_NODE_BITS              23
+#define CLOUD_ONE                    ((unsigned)0x00000001)
+#define CLOUD_NOT_ONE                ((unsigned)0xfffffffe)
+#define CLOUD_VOID                   ((unsigned)0x00000000)
+
+#define CLOUD_CONST_INDEX            ((unsigned)0x0fffffff)
+#define CLOUD_MARK_ON                ((unsigned)0x10000000)
+#define CLOUD_MARK_OFF               ((unsigned)0xefffffff)
+
+// hash functions a la Buddy
+#define cloudHashBuddy2(x,y,s)       ((((x)+(y))*((x)+(y)+1)/2) & ((1<<(32-(s)))-1))
+#define cloudHashBuddy3(x,y,z,s)     (cloudHashBuddy2((cloudHashBuddy2((x),(y),(s))),(z),(s)) & ((1<<(32-(s)))-1))
+// hash functions a la Cudd
+#define DD_P1                           12582917
+#define DD_P2                         4256249
+#define DD_P3                         741457
+#define DD_P4                         1618033999
+#define cloudHashCudd2(f,g,s)        ((((unsigned)(f) * DD_P1 + (unsigned)(g)) * DD_P2) >> (s))
+#define cloudHashCudd3(f,g,h,s)      (((((unsigned)(f) * DD_P1 + (unsigned)(g)) * DD_P2 + (unsigned)(h)) * DD_P3) >> (s))
+
+// node complementation (using node)
+#define Cloud_Regular(p)             ((CloudNode*)(((unsigned)(p)) & CLOUD_NOT_ONE)) // get the regular node (w/o bubble)
+#define Cloud_Not(p)                 ((CloudNode*)(((unsigned)(p)) ^ CLOUD_ONE))     // complement the node
+#define Cloud_NotCond(p,c)           (((int)(c))? Cloud_Not(p):(p))                  // complement the node conditionally
+#define Cloud_IsComplement(p)        ((int)(((unsigned)(p)) & CLOUD_ONE))            // check if complemented
+// checking constants (using node)
+#define Cloud_IsConstant(p)          (((Cloud_Regular(p))->v & CLOUD_MARK_OFF) == CLOUD_CONST_INDEX)
+#define cloudIsConstant(p)           (((p)->v & CLOUD_MARK_OFF) == CLOUD_CONST_INDEX)
+
+// retrieving values from the node (using node structure)
+#define Cloud_V(p)                   ((Cloud_Regular(p))->v)
+#define Cloud_E(p)                   ((Cloud_Regular(p))->e)
+#define Cloud_T(p)                   ((Cloud_Regular(p))->t)
+// retrieving values from the regular node (using node structure)
+#define cloudV(p)                    ((p)->v)
+#define cloudE(p)                    ((p)->e)
+#define cloudT(p)                    ((p)->t)
+// marking/unmarking (using node structure)
+#define cloudNodeMark(p)             ((p)->v       |= CLOUD_MARK_ON)
+#define cloudNodeUnmark(p)           ((p)->v       &= CLOUD_MARK_OFF)
+#define cloudNodeIsMarked(p)         ((int)((p)->v &  CLOUD_MARK_ON))
+
+// cache lookups and inserts (using node)
+#define cloudCacheLookup1(p,sign,f)     (((p)->s == (sign) && (p)->a == (f))? ((p)->r): (CLOUD_VOID))
+#define cloudCacheLookup2(p,sign,f,g)   (((p)->s == (sign) && (p)->a == (f) && (p)->b == (g))? ((p)->r): (CLOUD_VOID))
+#define cloudCacheLookup3(p,sign,f,g,h) (((p)->s == (sign) && (p)->a == (f) && (p)->b == (g) && (p)->c == (h))? ((p)->r): (CLOUD_VOID))
+// cache inserts
+#define cloudCacheInsert1(p,sign,f,r)     (((p)->s = (sign)), ((p)->a = (f)), ((p)->r = (r)))
+#define cloudCacheInsert2(p,sign,f,g,r)   (((p)->s = (sign)), ((p)->a = (f)), ((p)->b = (g)), ((p)->r = (r)))
+#define cloudCacheInsert3(p,sign,f,g,h,r) (((p)->s = (sign)), ((p)->a = (f)), ((p)->b = (g)), ((p)->c = (h)), ((p)->r = (r)))
+
+//#define CLOUD_ASSERT(p)              (assert((p) >= (dd->pNodeStart-1) && (p) < dd->pNodeEnd))
+#define CLOUD_ASSERT(p)            assert((p) >= dd->tUnique && (p) < dd->tUnique+dd->nNodesAlloc)
+
+// utility macros
+#ifndef ALLOC
+#define ALLOC(type, num)           ((type *) malloc(sizeof(type) * (num)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CALLOC
+#define CALLOC(type, num)           ((type *) calloc((num), sizeof(type)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FREE
+#define FREE(obj)                   ((obj) ? (free((char *) (obj)), (obj) = 0) : 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PRT
+#define PRT(a,t)                   fprintf( stdout, "%s = ", (a)); printf( "%.2f sec\n", (float)(t)/(float)(CLOCKS_PER_SEC) )
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       FUNCTION DECLARATIONS                      ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// starting/stopping 
+extern CloudManager * Cloud_Init( int nVars, int nBits );
+extern void           Cloud_Quit( CloudManager * dd );
+extern void           Cloud_Restart( CloudManager * dd );
+extern void           Cloud_CacheAllocate( CloudManager * dd, CloudOper oper, int size );
+extern CloudNode *    Cloud_MakeNode( CloudManager * dd, CloudVar v, CloudNode * t, CloudNode * e );
+// support and node count
+extern CloudNode *    Cloud_Support( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n );
+extern int            Cloud_SupportSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n );
+extern int            Cloud_DagSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n );
+extern int            Cloud_DagCollect( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n );
+extern int            Cloud_SharingSize( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * * pn, int nn );
+// cubes
+extern CloudNode *    Cloud_GetOneCube( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * n );
+extern void           Cloud_bddPrint( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * Func );
+extern void           Cloud_bddPrintCube( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * Cube );
+// operations
+extern CloudNode *    Cloud_bddAnd( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g );
+extern CloudNode *    Cloud_bddOr( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * f, CloudNode * g );
+// stats 
+extern void           Cloud_PrintInfo( CloudManager * dd );
+extern void           Cloud_PrintHashTable( CloudManager * dd );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                            END OF FILE                           ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kit.h b/src/aig/kit/kit.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06a93cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kit.h]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [External declarations.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kit.h,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef __KIT_H__
+#define __KIT_H__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                          INCLUDES                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include "vec.h"
+#include "extra.h"
+#include "cloud.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         PARAMETERS                               ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                         BASIC TYPES                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef struct Kit_Sop_t_ Kit_Sop_t;
+struct Kit_Sop_t_
+{
+    int               nCubes;         // the number of cubes
+    unsigned *        pCubes;         // the storage for cubes
+};
+
+typedef struct Kit_Edge_t_ Kit_Edge_t;
+struct Kit_Edge_t_
+{
+    unsigned          fCompl   :  1;   // the complemented bit
+    unsigned          Node     : 30;   // the decomposition node pointed by the edge
+};
+
+typedef struct Kit_Node_t_ Kit_Node_t;
+struct Kit_Node_t_
+{
+    Kit_Edge_t        eEdge0;          // the left child of the node
+    Kit_Edge_t        eEdge1;          // the right child of the node
+    // other info
+    void *            pFunc;           // the function of the node (BDD or AIG)
+    unsigned          Level    : 14;   // the level of this node in the global AIG
+    // printing info 
+    unsigned          fNodeOr  :  1;   // marks the original OR node
+    unsigned          fCompl0  :  1;   // marks the original complemented edge
+    unsigned          fCompl1  :  1;   // marks the original complemented edge
+    // latch info
+    unsigned          nLat0    :  5;   // the number of latches on the first edge
+    unsigned          nLat1    :  5;   // the number of latches on the second edge
+    unsigned          nLat2    :  5;   // the number of latches on the output edge
+};
+
+typedef struct Kit_Graph_t_ Kit_Graph_t;
+struct Kit_Graph_t_
+{
+    int               fConst;          // marks the constant 1 graph
+    int               nLeaves;         // the number of leaves
+    int               nSize;           // the number of nodes (including the leaves) 
+    int               nCap;            // the number of allocated nodes
+    Kit_Node_t *      pNodes;          // the array of leaves and internal nodes
+    Kit_Edge_t        eRoot;           // the pointer to the topmost node
+};
+
+
+// DSD node types
+typedef enum { 
+    KIT_DSD_NONE  = 0,  // 0: unknown
+    KIT_DSD_CONST1,     // 1: constant 1
+    KIT_DSD_VAR,        // 2: elementary variable
+    KIT_DSD_AND,        // 3: multi-input AND
+    KIT_DSD_XOR,        // 4: multi-input XOR
+    KIT_DSD_PRIME       // 5: arbitrary function of 3+ variables
+} Kit_Dsd_t;
+
+// DSD node
+typedef struct Kit_DsdObj_t_ Kit_DsdObj_t;
+struct Kit_DsdObj_t_
+{ 
+    unsigned       Id         : 6;  // the number of this node
+    unsigned       Type       : 3;  // none, const, var, AND, XOR, MUX, PRIME
+    unsigned       fMark      : 1;  // finished checking output
+    unsigned       Offset     : 8;  // offset to the truth table
+    unsigned       nRefs      : 8;  // offset to the truth table
+    unsigned       nFans      : 6;  // the number of fanins of this node
+    unsigned char  pFans[0];        // the fanin literals
+};
+
+// DSD network
+typedef struct Kit_DsdNtk_t_ Kit_DsdNtk_t;
+struct Kit_DsdNtk_t_
+{
+    unsigned char  nVars;           // at most 16 (perhaps 18?)
+    unsigned char  nNodesAlloc;     // the number of allocated nodes (at most nVars)
+    unsigned char  nNodes;          // the number of nodes
+    unsigned char  Root;            // the root of the tree
+    unsigned *     pMem;            // memory for the truth tables (memory manager?)
+    unsigned *     pSupps;          // supports of the nodes
+    Kit_DsdObj_t** pNodes;          // the nodes
+};
+
+// DSD manager
+typedef struct Kit_DsdMan_t_ Kit_DsdMan_t;
+struct Kit_DsdMan_t_
+{
+    int            nVars;           // the maximum number of variables
+    int            nWords;          // the number of words in TTs
+    Vec_Ptr_t *    vTtElems;        // elementary truth tables
+    Vec_Ptr_t *    vTtNodes;        // the node truth tables
+    // BDD representation
+    CloudManager * dd;              // BDD package
+    Vec_Ptr_t *    vTtBdds;         // the node truth tables
+    Vec_Int_t *    vNodes;          // temporary array for BDD nodes
+};
+
+static inline int             Kit_DsdVar2Lit( int Var, int fCompl )  { return Var + Var + fCompl; }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLit2Var( int Lit )              { return Lit >> 1;           }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLitIsCompl( int Lit )           { return Lit & 1;            }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLitNot( int Lit )               { return Lit ^ 1;            }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLitNotCond( int Lit, int c )    { return Lit ^ (int)(c > 0); }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLitRegular( int Lit )           { return Lit & 0xfe;         }
+ 
+static inline unsigned        Kit_DsdObjOffset( int nFans )          { return (nFans >> 2) + ((nFans & 3) > 0);                    }
+static inline unsigned *      Kit_DsdObjTruth( Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj ) { return pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME ? (unsigned *)pObj->pFans + pObj->Offset: NULL; }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdNtkObjNum( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk ){ return pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes; }
+static inline Kit_DsdObj_t *  Kit_DsdNtkObj( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id )      { assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return Id < pNtk->nVars ? NULL : pNtk->pNodes[Id - pNtk->nVars]; }
+static inline Kit_DsdObj_t *  Kit_DsdNtkRoot( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )             { return Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root) );                      }
+static inline int             Kit_DsdLitIsLeaf( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Lit )   { int Id = Kit_DsdLit2Var(Lit); assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return Id < pNtk->nVars; }
+static inline unsigned        Kit_DsdLitSupport( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Lit )  { int Id = Kit_DsdLit2Var(Lit); assert( Id >= 0 && Id < pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes ); return pNtk->pSupps? (Id < pNtk->nVars? (1 << Id) : pNtk->pSupps[Id - pNtk->nVars]) : 0; }
+
+#define Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )                                      \
+    for ( i = 0; (i < (pNtk)->nNodes) && ((pObj) = (pNtk)->pNodes[i]); i++ )
+#define Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )                              \
+    for ( i = 0; (i < (pObj)->nFans) && ((iLit) = (pObj)->pFans[i], 1); i++ )
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                      MACRO DEFINITIONS                           ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define KIT_MIN(a,b)       (((a) < (b))? (a) : (b))
+#define KIT_MAX(a,b)       (((a) > (b))? (a) : (b))
+#define KIT_INFINITY       (100000000)
+
+#ifndef ALLOC
+#define ALLOC(type, num)     ((type *) malloc(sizeof(type) * (num)))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FREE
+#define FREE(obj)             ((obj) ? (free((char *) (obj)), (obj) = 0) : 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef REALLOC
+#define REALLOC(type, obj, num)    \
+        ((obj) ? ((type *) realloc((char *)(obj), sizeof(type) * (num))) : \
+         ((type *) malloc(sizeof(type) * (num))))
+#endif
+
+static inline int          Kit_CubeHasLit( unsigned uCube, int i )                        { return(uCube &  (unsigned)(1<<i)) > 0;  }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeSetLit( unsigned uCube, int i )                        { return uCube |  (unsigned)(1<<i);       }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeXorLit( unsigned uCube, int i )                        { return uCube ^  (unsigned)(1<<i);       }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeRemLit( unsigned uCube, int i )                        { return uCube & ~(unsigned)(1<<i);       }
+
+static inline int          Kit_CubeContains( unsigned uLarge, unsigned uSmall )           { return (uLarge & uSmall) == uSmall;     }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeSharp( unsigned uCube, unsigned uMask )                { return uCube & ~uMask;                  }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeMask( int nVar )                                       { return (~(unsigned)0) >> (32-nVar);     }
+
+static inline int          Kit_CubeIsMarked( unsigned uCube )                             { return Kit_CubeHasLit( uCube, 31 );     }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeMark( unsigned uCube )                                 { return Kit_CubeSetLit( uCube, 31 );     }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_CubeUnmark( unsigned uCube )                               { return Kit_CubeRemLit( uCube, 31 );     }
+
+static inline int          Kit_SopCubeNum( Kit_Sop_t * cSop )                             { return cSop->nCubes;                    }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_SopCube( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int i )                         { return cSop->pCubes[i];                 }
+static inline void         Kit_SopShrink( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nCubesNew )               { cSop->nCubes = nCubesNew;               }
+static inline void         Kit_SopPushCube( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, unsigned uCube )            { cSop->pCubes[cSop->nCubes++] = uCube;   }
+static inline void         Kit_SopWriteCube( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, unsigned uCube, int i )    { cSop->pCubes[i] = uCube;                }
+
+static inline Kit_Edge_t   Kit_EdgeCreate( int Node, int fCompl )                         { Kit_Edge_t eEdge = { fCompl, Node }; return eEdge;  }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_EdgeToInt( Kit_Edge_t eEdge )                              { return (eEdge.Node << 1) | eEdge.fCompl;            }
+static inline Kit_Edge_t   Kit_IntToEdge( unsigned Edge )                                 { return Kit_EdgeCreate( Edge >> 1, Edge & 1 );       }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_EdgeToInt_( Kit_Edge_t eEdge )                             { return *(unsigned *)&eEdge;                         }
+static inline Kit_Edge_t   Kit_IntToEdge_( unsigned Edge )                                { return *(Kit_Edge_t *)&Edge;                        }
+
+static inline int          Kit_GraphIsConst( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                       { return pGraph->fConst;                              }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphIsConst0( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                      { return pGraph->fConst && pGraph->eRoot.fCompl;      }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphIsConst1( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                      { return pGraph->fConst && !pGraph->eRoot.fCompl;     }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphIsComplement( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                  { return pGraph->eRoot.fCompl;                        }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphIsVar( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                         { return pGraph->eRoot.Node < (unsigned)pGraph->nLeaves; }
+static inline void         Kit_GraphComplement( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                    { pGraph->eRoot.fCompl ^= 1;                          }
+static inline void         Kit_GraphSetRoot( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eRoot )     { pGraph->eRoot = eRoot;                              }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphLeaveNum( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                      { return pGraph->nLeaves;                             }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphNodeNum( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                       { return pGraph->nSize - pGraph->nLeaves;             }
+static inline Kit_Node_t * Kit_GraphNode( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, int i )                   { return pGraph->pNodes + i;                          }
+static inline Kit_Node_t * Kit_GraphNodeLast( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                      { return pGraph->pNodes + pGraph->nSize - 1;          }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphNodeInt( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Node_t * pNode )   { return pNode - pGraph->pNodes;                      }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphNodeIsVar( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Node_t * pNode ) { return Kit_GraphNodeInt(pGraph,pNode) < pGraph->nLeaves; }
+static inline Kit_Node_t * Kit_GraphVar( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                           { assert( Kit_GraphIsVar( pGraph ) );    return Kit_GraphNode( pGraph, pGraph->eRoot.Node );      }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphVarInt( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                        { assert( Kit_GraphIsVar( pGraph ) );    return Kit_GraphNodeInt( pGraph, Kit_GraphVar(pGraph) ); }
+static inline Kit_Node_t * Kit_GraphNodeFanin0( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Node_t * pNode ){ return Kit_GraphNodeIsVar(pGraph, pNode)? NULL : Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge0.Node);     }
+static inline Kit_Node_t * Kit_GraphNodeFanin1( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Node_t * pNode ){ return Kit_GraphNodeIsVar(pGraph, pNode)? NULL : Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge1.Node);     }
+static inline int          Kit_GraphRootLevel( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )                     { return Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pGraph->eRoot.Node)->Level;                                        }
+
+static inline int          Kit_Float2Int( float Val )     { return *((int *)&Val);               }
+static inline float        Kit_Int2Float( int Num )       { return *((float *)&Num);             }
+static inline int          Kit_BitWordNum( int nBits )    { return nBits/(8*sizeof(unsigned)) + ((nBits%(8*sizeof(unsigned))) > 0); }
+static inline int          Kit_TruthWordNum( int nVars )  { return nVars <= 5 ? 1 : (1 << (nVars - 5));                             }
+static inline unsigned     Kit_BitMask( int nBits )       { assert( nBits <= 32 ); return ~((~(unsigned)0) << nBits);               }
+
+static inline void         Kit_TruthSetBit( unsigned * p, int Bit )   { p[Bit>>5] |= (1<<(Bit & 31));               }
+static inline void         Kit_TruthXorBit( unsigned * p, int Bit )   { p[Bit>>5] ^= (1<<(Bit & 31));               }
+static inline int          Kit_TruthHasBit( unsigned * p, int Bit )   { return (p[Bit>>5] & (1<<(Bit & 31))) > 0;   }
+
+static inline int Kit_WordFindFirstBit( unsigned uWord )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 32; i++ )
+        if ( uWord & (1 << i) )
+            return i;
+    return -1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_WordHasOneBit( unsigned uWord )
+{
+    return (uWord & (uWord - 1)) == 0;
+}
+static inline int Kit_WordCountOnes( unsigned uWord )
+{
+    uWord = (uWord & 0x55555555) + ((uWord>>1) & 0x55555555);
+    uWord = (uWord & 0x33333333) + ((uWord>>2) & 0x33333333);
+    uWord = (uWord & 0x0F0F0F0F) + ((uWord>>4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+    uWord = (uWord & 0x00FF00FF) + ((uWord>>8) & 0x00FF00FF);
+    return  (uWord & 0x0000FFFF) + (uWord>>16);
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthCountOnes( unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w, Counter = 0;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        Counter += Kit_WordCountOnes(pIn[w]);
+    return Counter;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthFindFirstBit( unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = 0; w < Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars); w++ )
+        if ( pIn[w] )
+            return 32*w + Kit_WordFindFirstBit(pIn[w]);
+    return -1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthFindFirstZero( unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = 0; w < Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars); w++ )
+        if ( ~pIn[w] )
+            return 32*w + Kit_WordFindFirstBit(~pIn[w]);
+    return -1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsEqual( unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn0[w] != pIn1[w] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsOpposite( unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn0[w] != ~pIn1[w] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsEqualWithPhase( unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    if ( (pIn0[0] & 1) == (pIn1[0] & 1) )
+    {
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            if ( pIn0[w] != pIn1[w] )
+                return 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            if ( pIn0[w] != ~pIn1[w] )
+                return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsConst0( unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn[w] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsConst1( unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn[w] != ~(unsigned)0 )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsImply( unsigned * pIn1, unsigned * pIn2, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn1[w] & ~pIn2[w] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsDisjoint( unsigned * pIn1, unsigned * pIn2, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn1[w] & pIn2[w] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline int Kit_TruthIsDisjoint3( unsigned * pIn1, unsigned * pIn2, unsigned * pIn3, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        if ( pIn1[w] & pIn2[w] & pIn3[w] )
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthCopy( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = pIn[w];
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthClear( unsigned * pOut, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = 0;
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthFill( unsigned * pOut, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = ~(unsigned)0;
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthNot( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = ~pIn[w];
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthAnd( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = pIn0[w] & pIn1[w];
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthOr( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = pIn0[w] | pIn1[w];
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthXor( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = pIn0[w] ^ pIn1[w];
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthSharp( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = pIn0[w] & ~pIn1[w];
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthNand( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = ~(pIn0[w] & pIn1[w]);
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthAndPhase( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, int nVars, int fCompl0, int fCompl1 )
+{
+    int w;
+    if ( fCompl0 && fCompl1 )
+    {
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            pOut[w] = ~(pIn0[w] | pIn1[w]);
+    }
+    else if ( fCompl0 && !fCompl1 )
+    {
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            pOut[w] = ~pIn0[w] & pIn1[w];
+    }
+    else if ( !fCompl0 && fCompl1 )
+    {
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            pOut[w] = pIn0[w] & ~pIn1[w];
+    }
+    else // if ( !fCompl0 && !fCompl1 )
+    {
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            pOut[w] = pIn0[w] & pIn1[w];
+    }
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthMux( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, unsigned * pCtrl, int nVars )
+{
+    int w;
+    for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+        pOut[w] = (pIn0[w] & ~pCtrl[w]) | (pIn1[w] & pCtrl[w]);
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthMuxPhase( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn0, unsigned * pIn1, unsigned * pCtrl, int nVars, int fComp0 )
+{
+    int w;
+    if ( fComp0 )
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            pOut[w] = (~pIn0[w] & ~pCtrl[w]) | (pIn1[w] & pCtrl[w]);
+    else
+        for ( w = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars)-1; w >= 0; w-- )
+            pOut[w] = (pIn0[w] & ~pCtrl[w]) | (pIn1[w] & pCtrl[w]);
+}
+static inline void Kit_TruthIthVar( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    unsigned Masks[5] = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0xCCCCCCCC, 0xF0F0F0F0, 0xFF00FF00, 0xFFFF0000 };
+    int k, nWords = (nVars <= 5 ? 1 : (1 << (nVars - 5)));
+    if ( iVar < 5 )
+    {
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k++ )
+            pTruth[k] = Masks[iVar];
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k++ )
+            if ( k & (1 << (iVar-5)) )
+                pTruth[k] = ~(unsigned)0;
+            else
+                pTruth[k] = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                           ITERATORS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )                                      \
+    for ( i = 0; (i < Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop)) && ((uCube) = Kit_SopCube(cSop, i)); i++ )
+#define Kit_CubeForEachLiteral( uCube, Lit, nLits, i )                            \
+    for ( i = 0; (i < (nLits)) && ((Lit) = Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, i)); i++ )
+
+#define Kit_GraphForEachLeaf( pGraph, pLeaf, i )                                              \
+    for ( i = 0; (i < (pGraph)->nLeaves) && (((pLeaf) = Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, i)), 1); i++ )
+#define Kit_GraphForEachNode( pGraph, pAnd, i )                                               \
+    for ( i = (pGraph)->nLeaves; (i < (pGraph)->nSize) && (((pAnd) = Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, i)), 1); i++ )
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                    FUNCTION DECLARATIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*=== kitBdd.c ==========================================================*/
+extern DdNode *        Kit_SopToBdd( DdManager * dd, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nVars );
+extern DdNode *        Kit_GraphToBdd( DdManager * dd, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph );
+extern DdNode *        Kit_TruthToBdd( DdManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int fMSBonTop );
+/*=== kitCloud.c ==========================================================*/
+extern CloudNode *     Kit_TruthToCloud( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern unsigned *      Kit_CloudToTruth( Vec_Int_t * vNodes, int nVars, Vec_Ptr_t * vStore, int fInv );
+extern int             Kit_CreateCloud( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * pFunc, Vec_Int_t * vNodes );
+extern int             Kit_CreateCloudFromTruth( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vNodes );
+extern unsigned *      Kit_TruthCompose( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned ** pInputs, int nVarsAll, Vec_Ptr_t * vStore, Vec_Int_t * vNodes );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCofSupports( Vec_Int_t * vBddDir, Vec_Int_t * vBddInv, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory, unsigned * puSupps );
+/*=== kitDsd.c ==========================================================*/
+extern Kit_DsdMan_t *  Kit_DsdManAlloc( int nVars, int nNodes );
+extern void            Kit_DsdManFree( Kit_DsdMan_t * p );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdDeriveNtk( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nLutSize );
+extern unsigned *      Kit_DsdTruthCompute( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern void            Kit_DsdTruth( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruthRes );
+extern void            Kit_DsdTruthPartial( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruthRes, unsigned uSupp );
+extern void            Kit_DsdTruthPartialTwo( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned uSupp, int iVar, unsigned * pTruthCo, unsigned * pTruthDec );
+extern void            Kit_DsdPrint( FILE * pFile, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern void            Kit_DsdPrintExpanded( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern void            Kit_DsdPrintFromTruth( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdDecompose( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdDecomposeExpand( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdDecomposeMux( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nDecMux );
+extern void            Kit_DsdVerify( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern void            Kit_DsdNtkFree( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern int             Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern unsigned        Kit_DsdNonDsdSupports( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk );
+extern unsigned        Kit_DsdGetSupports( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdExpand( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p );
+extern Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdShrink( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pPrios[] );
+extern void            Kit_DsdRotate( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pFreqs[] );
+extern int             Kit_DsdCofactoring( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pCofVars, int nLimit, int fVerbose );
+/*=== kitFactor.c ==========================================================*/
+extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_SopFactor( Vec_Int_t * vCover, int fCompl, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+/*=== kitGraph.c ==========================================================*/
+extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_GraphCreate( int nLeaves );   
+extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_GraphCreateConst0();   
+extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_GraphCreateConst1();   
+extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_GraphCreateLeaf( int iLeaf, int nLeaves, int fCompl );   
+extern void            Kit_GraphFree( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph );   
+extern Kit_Node_t *    Kit_GraphAppendNode( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph );   
+extern Kit_Edge_t      Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdge0, Kit_Edge_t eEdge1 );
+extern Kit_Edge_t      Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdge0, Kit_Edge_t eEdge1 );
+extern Kit_Edge_t      Kit_GraphAddNodeXor( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdge0, Kit_Edge_t eEdge1, int Type );
+extern Kit_Edge_t      Kit_GraphAddNodeMux( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdgeC, Kit_Edge_t eEdgeT, Kit_Edge_t eEdgeE, int Type );
+extern unsigned        Kit_GraphToTruth( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph );
+extern Kit_Graph_t *   Kit_TruthToGraph( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern int             Kit_GraphLeafDepth_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Node_t * pNode, Kit_Node_t * pLeaf );
+/*=== kitHop.c ==========================================================*/
+//extern Hop_Obj_t *     Kit_GraphToHop( Hop_Man_t * pMan, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph );
+//extern Hop_Obj_t *     Kit_TruthToHop( Hop_Man_t * pMan, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+//extern Hop_Obj_t *     Kit_CoverToHop( Hop_Man_t * pMan, Vec_Int_t * vCover, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+/*=== kitIsop.c ==========================================================*/
+extern int             Kit_TruthIsop( unsigned * puTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory, int fTryBoth );
+/*=== kitSop.c ==========================================================*/
+extern void            Kit_SopCreate( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Vec_Int_t * vInput, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern void            Kit_SopCreateInverse( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Vec_Int_t * vInput, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern void            Kit_SopDup( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern void            Kit_SopDivideByLiteralQuo( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int iLit );
+extern void            Kit_SopDivideByCube( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Kit_Sop_t * cDiv, Kit_Sop_t * vQuo, Kit_Sop_t * vRem, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern void            Kit_SopDivideInternal( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Kit_Sop_t * cDiv, Kit_Sop_t * vQuo, Kit_Sop_t * vRem, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern void            Kit_SopMakeCubeFree( Kit_Sop_t * cSop );
+extern int             Kit_SopIsCubeFree( Kit_Sop_t * cSop );
+extern void            Kit_SopCommonCubeCover( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern int             Kit_SopAnyLiteral( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits );
+extern int             Kit_SopDivisor( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+extern void            Kit_SopBestLiteralCover( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, unsigned uCube, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+/*=== kitTruth.c ==========================================================*/
+extern void            Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int Start );
+extern void            Kit_TruthStretch( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int nVarsAll, unsigned Phase, int fReturnIn );
+extern void            Kit_TruthShrink( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int nVarsAll, unsigned Phase, int fReturnIn );
+extern int             Kit_TruthVarInSupport( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern int             Kit_TruthSupportSize( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern unsigned        Kit_TruthSupport( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCofactor0( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCofactor1( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthExist( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthExistNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthExistSet( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned uMask );
+extern void            Kit_TruthForall( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthForallNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthForallSet( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned uMask );
+extern void            Kit_TruthUniqueNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthMuxVar( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern void            Kit_TruthMuxVarPhase( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar, int fCompl0 );
+extern void            Kit_TruthChangePhase( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar );
+extern int             Kit_TruthMinCofSuppOverlap( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pVarMin );
+extern int             Kit_TruthBestCofVar( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1 );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofs( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, short * pStore );
+extern void            Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofsSlow( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, short * pStore, unsigned * pAux );
+extern unsigned        Kit_TruthHash( unsigned * pIn, int nWords );
+extern unsigned        Kit_TruthSemiCanonicize( unsigned * pInOut, unsigned * pAux, int nVars, char * pCanonPerm, short * pStore );
+extern char *          Kit_TruthDumpToFile( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nFile );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitAig.c b/src/aig/kit/kitAig.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83012a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitAig.c
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitAig.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures involving AIGs.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitAig.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+#include "aig.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Transforms the decomposition graph into the AIG.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Aig_Obj_t * Kit_GraphToAigInternal( Aig_Man_t * pMan, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode = NULL;
+    Aig_Obj_t * pAnd0, * pAnd1;
+    int i;
+    // check for constant function
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsConst(pGraph) )
+        return Aig_NotCond( Aig_ManConst1(pMan), Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+    // check for a literal
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsVar(pGraph) )
+        return Aig_NotCond( Kit_GraphVar(pGraph)->pFunc, Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+    // build the AIG nodes corresponding to the AND gates of the graph
+    Kit_GraphForEachNode( pGraph, pNode, i )
+    {
+        pAnd0 = Aig_NotCond( Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge0.Node)->pFunc, pNode->eEdge0.fCompl ); 
+        pAnd1 = Aig_NotCond( Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge1.Node)->pFunc, pNode->eEdge1.fCompl ); 
+        pNode->pFunc = Aig_And( pMan, pAnd0, pAnd1 );
+    }
+    // complement the result if necessary
+    return Aig_NotCond( pNode->pFunc, Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Strashes one logic node using its SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Aig_Obj_t * Kit_GraphToAig( Aig_Man_t * pMan, Aig_Obj_t ** pFanins, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode = NULL;
+    int i;
+    // collect the fanins
+    Kit_GraphForEachLeaf( pGraph, pNode, i )
+        pNode->pFunc = pFanins[i];
+    // perform strashing
+    return Kit_GraphToAigInternal( pMan, pGraph );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Strashed onen logic nodes using its truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Aig_Obj_t * Kit_TruthToAig( Aig_Man_t * pMan, Aig_Obj_t ** pFanins, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Aig_Obj_t * pObj;
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    // transform truth table into the decomposition tree
+    if ( vMemory == NULL )
+    {
+        vMemory = Vec_IntAlloc( 0 );
+        pGraph = Kit_TruthToGraph( pTruth, nVars, vMemory );
+        Vec_IntFree( vMemory );
+    }
+    else
+        pGraph = Kit_TruthToGraph( pTruth, nVars, vMemory );
+    // derive the AIG for the decomposition tree
+    pObj = Kit_GraphToAig( pMan, pFanins, pGraph );
+    Kit_GraphFree( pGraph );
+    return pObj;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitBdd.c b/src/aig/kit/kitBdd.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c8d4f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitBdd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitBdd.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures involving BDDs.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitBdd.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+#include "extra.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the BDD for the given SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+DdNode * Kit_SopToBdd( DdManager * dd, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nVars )
+{
+    DdNode * bSum, * bCube, * bTemp, * bVar;
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int Value, i, v;
+    assert( nVars < 16 );
+    // start the cover
+    bSum = Cudd_ReadLogicZero(dd);   Cudd_Ref( bSum );
+   // check the logic function of the node
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+    {
+        bCube = Cudd_ReadOne(dd);   Cudd_Ref( bCube );
+        for ( v = 0; v < nVars; v++ )
+        {
+            Value = ((uCube >> 2*v) & 3);
+            if ( Value == 1 )
+                bVar = Cudd_Not( Cudd_bddIthVar( dd, v ) );
+            else if ( Value == 2 )
+                bVar = Cudd_bddIthVar( dd, v );
+            else
+                continue;
+            bCube  = Cudd_bddAnd( dd, bTemp = bCube, bVar );   Cudd_Ref( bCube );
+            Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bTemp );
+        }
+        bSum = Cudd_bddOr( dd, bTemp = bSum, bCube );   
+        Cudd_Ref( bSum );
+        Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bTemp );
+        Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bCube );
+    }
+    // complement the result if necessary
+    Cudd_Deref( bSum );
+    return bSum;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Converts graph to BDD.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+DdNode * Kit_GraphToBdd( DdManager * dd, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )
+{
+    DdNode * bFunc, * bFunc0, * bFunc1;
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode;
+    int i;
+
+    // sanity checks
+    assert( Kit_GraphLeaveNum(pGraph) >= 0 );
+    assert( Kit_GraphLeaveNum(pGraph) <= pGraph->nSize );
+
+    // check for constant function
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsConst(pGraph) )
+        return Cudd_NotCond( b1, Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+    // check for a literal
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsVar(pGraph) )
+        return Cudd_NotCond( Cudd_bddIthVar(dd, Kit_GraphVarInt(pGraph)), Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+
+    // assign the elementary variables
+    Kit_GraphForEachLeaf( pGraph, pNode, i )
+        pNode->pFunc = Cudd_bddIthVar( dd, i );
+
+    // compute the function for each internal node
+    Kit_GraphForEachNode( pGraph, pNode, i )
+    {
+        bFunc0 = Cudd_NotCond( Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge0.Node)->pFunc, pNode->eEdge0.fCompl ); 
+        bFunc1 = Cudd_NotCond( Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge1.Node)->pFunc, pNode->eEdge1.fCompl ); 
+        pNode->pFunc = Cudd_bddAnd( dd, bFunc0, bFunc1 );   Cudd_Ref( pNode->pFunc );
+    }
+
+    // deref the intermediate results
+    bFunc = pNode->pFunc;   Cudd_Ref( bFunc );
+    Kit_GraphForEachNode( pGraph, pNode, i )
+        Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, pNode->pFunc );
+    Cudd_Deref( bFunc );
+
+    // complement the result if necessary
+    return Cudd_NotCond( bFunc, Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+DdNode * Kit_TruthToBdd_rec( DdManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int iBit, int nVars, int nVarsTotal, int fMSBonTop )
+{
+    DdNode * bF0, * bF1, * bF;
+    int Var;
+    if ( nVars <= 5 )
+    {
+        unsigned uTruth, uMask;
+        uMask = ((~(unsigned)0) >> (32 - (1<<nVars)));
+        uTruth = (pTruth[iBit>>5] >> (iBit&31)) & uMask;
+        if ( uTruth == 0 )
+            return b0;
+        if ( uTruth == uMask )
+            return b1;        
+    }
+    // find the variable to use
+    Var = fMSBonTop? nVarsTotal-nVars : nVars-1;
+    // other special cases can be added
+    bF0 = Kit_TruthToBdd_rec( dd, pTruth, iBit,                nVars-1, nVarsTotal, fMSBonTop );  Cudd_Ref( bF0 );
+    bF1 = Kit_TruthToBdd_rec( dd, pTruth, iBit+(1<<(nVars-1)), nVars-1, nVarsTotal, fMSBonTop );  Cudd_Ref( bF1 );
+    bF  = Cudd_bddIte( dd, dd->vars[Var], bF1, bF0 );                     Cudd_Ref( bF );
+    Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bF0 );
+    Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bF1 );
+    Cudd_Deref( bF );
+    return bF;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute BDD corresponding to the truth table.]
+
+  Description [If truth table has N vars, the BDD depends on N topmost
+  variables of the BDD manager. The most significant variable of the table
+  is encoded by the topmost variable of the manager. BDD construction is 
+  efficient in this case because BDD is constructed one node at a time, 
+  by simply adding BDD nodes on top of existent BDD nodes.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+DdNode * Kit_TruthToBdd( DdManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int fMSBonTop )
+{
+    return Kit_TruthToBdd_rec( dd, pTruth, 0, nVars, nVars, fMSBonTop );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Verifies that the factoring is correct.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_SopFactorVerify( Vec_Int_t * vCover, Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, int nVars )
+{
+    static DdManager * dd = NULL;
+    Kit_Sop_t Sop, * cSop = &Sop;
+    DdNode * bFunc1, * bFunc2;
+    Vec_Int_t * vMemory;
+    int RetValue;
+    // get the manager
+    if ( dd == NULL )
+        dd = Cudd_Init( 16, 0, CUDD_UNIQUE_SLOTS, CUDD_CACHE_SLOTS, 0 );
+    // derive SOP
+    vMemory = Vec_IntAlloc( Vec_IntSize(vCover) );
+    Kit_SopCreate( cSop, vCover, nVars, vMemory );
+    // get the functions
+    bFunc1 = Kit_SopToBdd( dd, cSop, nVars );      Cudd_Ref( bFunc1 );
+    bFunc2 = Kit_GraphToBdd( dd, pFForm );         Cudd_Ref( bFunc2 );
+//Extra_bddPrint( dd, bFunc1 ); printf("\n");
+//Extra_bddPrint( dd, bFunc2 ); printf("\n");
+    RetValue = (bFunc1 == bFunc2);
+    if ( bFunc1 != bFunc2 )
+    {
+        int s;
+        Extra_bddPrint( dd, bFunc1 ); printf("\n");
+        Extra_bddPrint( dd, bFunc2 ); printf("\n");
+        s  = 0;
+    }
+    Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bFunc1 );
+    Cudd_RecursiveDeref( dd, bFunc2 );
+    Vec_IntFree( vMemory );
+    return RetValue;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitCloud.c b/src/aig/kit/kitCloud.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b160fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitCloud.c
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitCloud.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures using BDD package CLOUD.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitCloud.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// internal representation of the function to be decomposed
+typedef struct Kit_Mux_t_ Kit_Mux_t;
+struct Kit_Mux_t_
+{
+    unsigned      v  :  5;          // variable 
+    unsigned      t  : 12;          // then edge
+    unsigned      e  : 12;          // else edge
+    unsigned      c  :  1;          // complemented attr of else edge
+    unsigned      i  :  1;          // complemented attr of top node
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derive BDD from the truth table for 5 variable functions.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Kit_TruthToCloud5_rec( CloudManager * dd, unsigned uTruth, int nVars, int nVarsAll )
+{
+    static unsigned uVars[5] = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0xCCCCCCCC, 0xF0F0F0F0, 0xFF00FF00, 0xFFFF0000 };
+    CloudNode * pCof0, * pCof1;
+    unsigned uCof0, uCof1;
+    assert( nVars <= 5 );
+    if ( uTruth == 0 )
+        return dd->zero;
+    if ( uTruth == ~0 )
+        return dd->one;
+    if ( nVars == 1 )
+    {
+        if ( uTruth == uVars[0] )
+            return dd->vars[nVarsAll-1];
+        if ( uTruth == ~uVars[0] )
+            return Cloud_Not(dd->vars[nVarsAll-1]);
+        assert( 0 );
+    }
+//    Count++;
+    assert( nVars > 1 );
+    uCof0 = uTruth & ~uVars[nVars-1];
+    uCof1 = uTruth &  uVars[nVars-1];
+    uCof0 |= uCof0 << (1<<(nVars-1));
+    uCof1 |= uCof1 >> (1<<(nVars-1));
+    if ( uCof0 == uCof1 )
+        return Kit_TruthToCloud5_rec( dd, uCof0, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+    if ( uCof0 == ~uCof1 )
+    {
+        pCof0 = Kit_TruthToCloud5_rec( dd, uCof0, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+        pCof1 = Cloud_Not( pCof0 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pCof0 = Kit_TruthToCloud5_rec( dd, uCof0, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+        pCof1 = Kit_TruthToCloud5_rec( dd, uCof1, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+    }
+    return Cloud_MakeNode( dd, nVarsAll - nVars, pCof1, pCof0 );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute BDD for the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Kit_TruthToCloud_rec( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nVarsAll )
+{
+    CloudNode * pCof0, * pCof1;
+    unsigned * pTruth0, * pTruth1;
+    if ( nVars <= 5 )
+        return Kit_TruthToCloud5_rec( dd, pTruth[0], nVars, nVarsAll );
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsConst0(pTruth, nVars) )
+        return dd->zero;
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsConst1(pTruth, nVars) )
+        return dd->one;
+//    Count++;
+    pTruth0 = pTruth;
+    pTruth1 = pTruth + Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars-1);
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsEqual( pTruth0, pTruth1, nVars - 1 ) )
+        return Kit_TruthToCloud_rec( dd, pTruth0, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsOpposite( pTruth0, pTruth1, nVars - 1 ) )
+    {
+        pCof0 = Kit_TruthToCloud_rec( dd, pTruth0, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+        pCof1 = Cloud_Not( pCof0 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pCof0 = Kit_TruthToCloud_rec( dd, pTruth0, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+        pCof1 = Kit_TruthToCloud_rec( dd, pTruth1, nVars - 1, nVarsAll );
+    }
+    return Cloud_MakeNode( dd, nVarsAll - nVars, pCof1, pCof0 );
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute BDD for the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+CloudNode * Kit_TruthToCloud( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    CloudNode * pRes;
+    pRes = Kit_TruthToCloud_rec( dd, pTruth, nVars, nVars );
+//    printf( "%d/%d  ", Count, Cloud_DagSize(dd, pRes) );
+    return pRes;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Transforms the array of BDDs into the integer array.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+int Kit_CreateCloud( CloudManager * dd, CloudNode * pFunc, Vec_Int_t * vNodes )
+{
+    Kit_Mux_t Mux;
+    int nNodes, i;
+    // collect BDD nodes
+    nNodes = Cloud_DagCollect( dd, pFunc );
+    if ( nNodes >= (1<<12) ) // because in Kit_Mux_t edge is 12 bit
+        return 0;
+    assert( nNodes == Cloud_DagSize( dd, pFunc ) );
+    assert( nNodes < dd->nNodesLimit );
+    Vec_IntClear( vNodes );
+    Vec_IntPush( vNodes, 0 ); // const1 node
+    dd->ppNodes[0]->s = 0;
+    for ( i = 1; i < nNodes; i++ )
+    {
+        dd->ppNodes[i]->s = i;
+        Mux.v = dd->ppNodes[i]->v;
+        Mux.t = dd->ppNodes[i]->t->s;
+        Mux.e = Cloud_Regular(dd->ppNodes[i]->e)->s;
+        Mux.c = Cloud_IsComplement(dd->ppNodes[i]->e); 
+        Mux.i = (i == nNodes - 1)? Cloud_IsComplement(pFunc) : 0;
+        // put the MUX into the array
+        Vec_IntPush( vNodes, *((int *)&Mux) );
+    }
+    assert( Vec_IntSize(vNodes) == nNodes );
+    // reset signatures
+    for ( i = 0; i < nNodes; i++ )
+        dd->ppNodes[i]->s = dd->nSignCur;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Transforms the array of BDDs into the integer array.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+int Kit_CreateCloudFromTruth( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vNodes )
+{
+    CloudNode * pFunc;
+    Cloud_Restart( dd );
+    pFunc = Kit_TruthToCloud( dd, pTruth, nVars );
+    Vec_IntClear( vNodes );
+    return Kit_CreateCloud( dd, pFunc, vNodes );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes composition of truth tables.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_CloudToTruth( Vec_Int_t * vNodes, int nVars, Vec_Ptr_t * vStore, int fInv )
+{
+    unsigned * pThis, * pFan0, * pFan1;
+    Kit_Mux_t Mux;
+    int i, Entry;
+    assert( Vec_IntSize(vNodes) <= Vec_PtrSize(vStore) );
+    pThis = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, 0 );
+    Kit_TruthFill( pThis, nVars );
+    Vec_IntForEachEntryStart( vNodes, Entry, i, 1 )
+    {
+        Mux = *((Kit_Mux_t *)&Entry);
+        assert( (int)Mux.e < i && (int)Mux.t < i && (int)Mux.v < nVars );          
+        pFan0 = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, Mux.e );
+        pFan1 = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, Mux.t );
+        pThis = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, i );
+        Kit_TruthMuxVarPhase( pThis, pFan0, pFan1, nVars, fInv? Mux.v : nVars-1-Mux.v, Mux.c );
+    } 
+    // complement the result
+    if ( Mux.i )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pThis, pThis, nVars );
+    return pThis;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes composition of truth tables.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_TruthCompose( CloudManager * dd, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, 
+    unsigned ** pInputs, int nVarsAll, Vec_Ptr_t * vStore, Vec_Int_t * vNodes )
+{
+    CloudNode * pFunc;
+    unsigned * pThis, * pFan0, * pFan1;
+    Kit_Mux_t Mux;
+    int i, Entry, RetValue;
+    // derive BDD from truth table
+    Cloud_Restart( dd );
+    pFunc = Kit_TruthToCloud( dd, pTruth, nVars );
+    // convert it into nodes
+    RetValue = Kit_CreateCloud( dd, pFunc, vNodes );
+    if ( RetValue == 0 )
+        printf( "Kit_TruthCompose(): Internal failure!!!\n" );
+    // verify the result
+//    pFan0 = Kit_CloudToTruth( vNodes, nVars, vStore, 0 );
+//    if ( !Kit_TruthIsEqual( pTruth, pFan0, nVars ) )
+//        printf( "Failed!\n" );
+    // compute truth table from the BDD
+    assert( Vec_IntSize(vNodes) <= Vec_PtrSize(vStore) );
+    pThis = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, 0 );
+    Kit_TruthFill( pThis, nVarsAll );
+    Vec_IntForEachEntryStart( vNodes, Entry, i, 1 )
+    {
+        Mux = *((Kit_Mux_t *)&Entry);
+        pFan0 = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, Mux.e );
+        pFan1 = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, Mux.t );
+        pThis = Vec_PtrEntry( vStore, i );
+        Kit_TruthMuxPhase( pThis, pFan0, pFan1, pInputs[nVars-1-Mux.v], nVarsAll, Mux.c );
+    }
+    // complement the result
+    if ( Mux.i )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pThis, pThis, nVarsAll );
+    return pThis;
+}
+
+/**Function********************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute BDD for the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+******************************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCofSupports( Vec_Int_t * vBddDir, Vec_Int_t * vBddInv, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory, unsigned * puSupps )
+{
+    Kit_Mux_t Mux;
+    unsigned * puSuppAll, * pThis, * pFan0, * pFan1;
+    int i, v, Var, Entry, nSupps;
+    nSupps = 2 * nVars;
+
+    // extend storage
+    if ( Vec_IntSize( vMemory ) < nSupps * Vec_IntSize(vBddDir) )
+        Vec_IntGrow( vMemory, nSupps * Vec_IntSize(vBddDir) );
+    puSuppAll = Vec_IntArray( vMemory );
+    // clear storage for the const node
+    memset( puSuppAll, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * nSupps );
+    // compute supports from nodes
+    Vec_IntForEachEntryStart( vBddDir, Entry, i, 1 )
+    {
+        Mux = *((Kit_Mux_t *)&Entry);
+        Var = nVars - 1 - Mux.v;
+        pFan0 = puSuppAll + nSupps * Mux.e;
+        pFan1 = puSuppAll + nSupps * Mux.t;
+        pThis = puSuppAll + nSupps * i;
+        for ( v = 0; v < nSupps; v++ )
+            pThis[v] = pFan0[v] | pFan1[v] | (1<<Var);
+        assert( pFan0[2*Var + 0] == pFan0[2*Var + 1] );
+        assert( pFan1[2*Var + 0] == pFan1[2*Var + 1] );
+        pThis[2*Var + 0] = pFan0[2*Var + 0];// | pFan0[2*Var + 1];
+        pThis[2*Var + 1] = pFan1[2*Var + 0];// | pFan1[2*Var + 1];
+    }
+    // copy the result
+    memcpy( puSupps, pThis, sizeof(unsigned) * nSupps );
+    // compute the inverse
+
+    // extend storage
+    if ( Vec_IntSize( vMemory ) < nSupps * Vec_IntSize(vBddInv) )
+        Vec_IntGrow( vMemory, nSupps * Vec_IntSize(vBddInv) );
+    puSuppAll = Vec_IntArray( vMemory );
+    // clear storage for the const node
+    memset( puSuppAll, 0, sizeof(unsigned) * nSupps );
+    // compute supports from nodes
+    Vec_IntForEachEntryStart( vBddInv, Entry, i, 1 )
+    {
+        Mux = *((Kit_Mux_t *)&Entry);
+//        Var = nVars - 1 - Mux.v;
+        Var = Mux.v;
+        pFan0 = puSuppAll + nSupps * Mux.e;
+        pFan1 = puSuppAll + nSupps * Mux.t;
+        pThis = puSuppAll + nSupps * i;
+        for ( v = 0; v < nSupps; v++ )
+            pThis[v] = pFan0[v] | pFan1[v] | (1<<Var);
+        assert( pFan0[2*Var + 0] == pFan0[2*Var + 1] );
+        assert( pFan1[2*Var + 0] == pFan1[2*Var + 1] );
+        pThis[2*Var + 0] = pFan0[2*Var + 0];// | pFan0[2*Var + 1];
+        pThis[2*Var + 1] = pFan1[2*Var + 0];// | pFan1[2*Var + 1];
+    }
+
+    // merge supports
+    for ( Var = 0; Var < nSupps; Var++ )
+        puSupps[Var] = (puSupps[Var] & Kit_BitMask(Var/2)) | (pThis[Var] & ~Kit_BitMask(Var/2));
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitDsd.c b/src/aig/kit/kitDsd.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e24a9964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitDsd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2621 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitDsd.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs disjoint-support decomposition based on truth tables.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitDsd.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates the DSD manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdMan_t * Kit_DsdManAlloc( int nVars, int nNodes )
+{
+    Kit_DsdMan_t * p;
+    p = ALLOC( Kit_DsdMan_t, 1 );
+    memset( p, 0, sizeof(Kit_DsdMan_t) );
+    p->nVars    = nVars;
+    p->nWords   = Kit_TruthWordNum( p->nVars );
+    p->vTtElems = Vec_PtrAllocTruthTables( p->nVars );
+    p->vTtNodes = Vec_PtrAllocSimInfo( nNodes, p->nWords );
+    p->dd       = Cloud_Init( 16, 14 );
+    p->vTtBdds  = Vec_PtrAllocSimInfo( (1<<12), p->nWords );
+    p->vNodes   = Vec_IntAlloc( 512 );
+    return p;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Deallocates the DSD manager.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdManFree( Kit_DsdMan_t * p )
+{
+    Cloud_Quit( p->dd );
+    Vec_IntFree( p->vNodes );
+    Vec_PtrFree( p->vTtBdds );
+    Vec_PtrFree( p->vTtElems );
+    Vec_PtrFree( p->vTtNodes );
+    free( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates the DSD node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdObj_t * Kit_DsdObjAlloc( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, Kit_Dsd_t Type, int nFans )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    int nSize = sizeof(Kit_DsdObj_t) + sizeof(unsigned) * (Kit_DsdObjOffset(nFans) + (Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME) * Kit_TruthWordNum(nFans));
+    pObj = (Kit_DsdObj_t *)ALLOC( char, nSize );
+    memset( pObj, 0, nSize );
+    pObj->Id = pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes;
+    pObj->Type = Type;
+    pObj->nFans = nFans;
+    pObj->Offset = Kit_DsdObjOffset( nFans );
+    // add the object
+    if ( pNtk->nNodes == pNtk->nNodesAlloc )
+    {
+        pNtk->nNodesAlloc *= 2;
+        pNtk->pNodes = REALLOC( Kit_DsdObj_t *, pNtk->pNodes, pNtk->nNodesAlloc ); 
+    }
+    assert( pNtk->nNodes < pNtk->nNodesAlloc );
+    pNtk->pNodes[pNtk->nNodes++] = pObj;
+    return pObj;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Deallocates the DSD node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdObjFree( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj )
+{
+    free( pObj );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Allocates the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdNtkAlloc( int nVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk;
+    pNtk = ALLOC( Kit_DsdNtk_t, 1 );
+    memset( pNtk, 0, sizeof(Kit_DsdNtk_t) );
+    pNtk->pNodes = ALLOC( Kit_DsdObj_t *, nVars );
+    pNtk->nVars = nVars;
+    pNtk->nNodesAlloc = nVars;
+    pNtk->pMem = ALLOC( unsigned, 6 * Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars) );
+    return pNtk;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Deallocate the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdNtkFree( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned i;
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )
+        free( pObj );
+    FREE( pNtk->pSupps );
+    free( pNtk->pNodes );
+    free( pNtk->pMem );
+    free( pNtk );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints the hex unsigned into a file.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrintHex( FILE * pFile, unsigned * pTruth, int nFans )
+{
+    int nDigits, Digit, k;
+    nDigits = (1 << nFans) / 4;
+    for ( k = nDigits - 1; k >= 0; k-- )
+    {
+        Digit = ((pTruth[k/8] >> ((k%8) * 4)) & 15);
+        if ( Digit < 10 )
+            fprintf( pFile, "%d", Digit );
+        else
+            fprintf( pFile, "%c", 'A' + Digit-10 );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Recursively print the DSD formula.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrint_rec( FILE * pFile, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned iLit, i;
+    char Symbol;
+
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Id );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+    {
+        assert( Id < pNtk->nVars );
+        fprintf( pFile, "%c", 'a' + Id );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 0 );
+        fprintf( pFile, "Const1" );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 1 );
+
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+        Symbol = '*';
+    else if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+        Symbol = '+';
+    else 
+        Symbol = ',';
+
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+        Kit_DsdPrintHex( stdout, Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans );
+
+    fprintf( pFile, "(" );
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+    {
+        if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) ) 
+            fprintf( pFile, "!" );
+        Kit_DsdPrint_rec( pFile, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+        if ( i < pObj->nFans - 1 )
+            fprintf( pFile, "%c", Symbol );
+    }
+    fprintf( pFile, ")" );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Print the DSD formula.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrint( FILE * pFile, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
+{
+    fprintf( pFile, "F = " );
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pNtk->Root) )
+        fprintf( pFile, "!" );
+    Kit_DsdPrint_rec( pFile, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root) );
+    fprintf( pFile, "\n" );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Print the DSD formula.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrintExpanded( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pTemp;
+    pTemp = Kit_DsdExpand( pNtk );
+    Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pTemp );
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Print the DSD formula.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrintFromTruth( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pTemp;
+    pTemp = Kit_DsdDecomposeMux( pTruth, nVars, 5 );
+    Kit_DsdVerify( pTemp, pTruth, nVars ); 
+    Kit_DsdPrintExpanded( pTemp );
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_DsdTruthComputeNode_rec( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned * pTruthRes, * pTruthFans[16], * pTruthTemp;
+    unsigned i, iLit, fCompl;
+//    unsigned m, nMints, * pTruthPrime, * pTruthMint; 
+
+    // get the node with this ID
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Id );
+    pTruthRes = Vec_PtrEntry( p->vTtNodes, Id );
+
+    // special case: literal of an internal node
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+    {
+        assert( Id < pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+
+    // constant node
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 0 );
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+
+    // elementary variable node
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 1 );
+        iLit = pObj->pFans[0];
+        pTruthFans[0] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNode_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+        if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) )
+            Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthFans[0], pNtk->nVars );
+        else
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruthFans[0], pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+
+    // collect the truth tables of the fanins
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        pTruthFans[i] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNode_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    // create the truth table
+
+    // simple gates
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthClear( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        fCompl = 0;
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthXor( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars );
+            fCompl ^= Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit);
+        }
+        if ( fCompl )
+            Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+/*
+    // get the truth table of the prime node
+    pTruthPrime = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObj );
+    // get storage for the temporary minterm
+    pTruthMint = Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes);
+
+    // go through the minterms
+    nMints = (1 << pObj->nFans);
+    Kit_TruthClear( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+    for ( m = 0; m < nMints; m++ )
+    {
+        if ( !Kit_TruthHasBit(pTruthPrime, m) )
+            continue;
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthMint, pNtk->nVars );
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthMint, pTruthMint, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, ((m & (1<<i)) == 0) ^ Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+        Kit_TruthOr( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthMint, pNtk->nVars );
+    }
+*/
+    pTruthTemp = Kit_TruthCompose( p->dd, Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, pTruthFans, pNtk->nVars, p->vTtBdds, p->vNodes );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruthTemp, pNtk->nVars );
+    return pTruthRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_DsdTruthCompute( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
+{
+    unsigned * pTruthRes;
+    int i;
+    // assign elementary truth ables
+    assert( pNtk->nVars <= p->nVars );
+    for ( i = 0; i < (int)pNtk->nVars; i++ )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, i), Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtElems, i), p->nVars );
+    // compute truth table for each node
+    pTruthRes = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNode_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root) );
+    // complement the truth table if needed
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pNtk->Root) )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+    return pTruthRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id, unsigned uSupp )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned * pTruthRes, * pTruthFans[16], * pTruthTemp;
+    unsigned i, iLit, fCompl, nPartial = 0;
+//    unsigned m, nMints, * pTruthPrime, * pTruthMint; 
+
+    // get the node with this ID
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Id );
+    pTruthRes = Vec_PtrEntry( p->vTtNodes, Id );
+
+    // special case: literal of an internal node
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+    {
+        assert( Id < pNtk->nVars );
+        assert( !uSupp || uSupp != (uSupp & ~(1<<Id)) );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+
+    // constant node
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 0 );
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+
+    // elementary variable node
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 1 );
+        iLit = pObj->pFans[0];
+        assert( Kit_DsdLitIsLeaf( pNtk, iLit ) );
+        pTruthFans[0] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), uSupp );
+        if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) )
+            Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthFans[0], pNtk->nVars );
+        else
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruthFans[0], pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+
+    // collect the truth tables of the fanins
+    if ( uSupp )
+    {
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            if ( uSupp != (uSupp & ~Kit_DsdLitSupport(pNtk, iLit)) )
+                pTruthFans[i] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), uSupp );
+            else
+            {
+                pTruthFans[i] = NULL;
+                nPartial = 1;
+            }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            pTruthFans[i] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), uSupp );
+    }
+    // create the truth table
+
+    // simple gates
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            if ( pTruthFans[i] )
+                Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthClear( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        fCompl = 0;
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        {
+            if ( pTruthFans[i] )
+            {
+                Kit_TruthXor( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars );
+                fCompl ^= Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit);
+            }
+        }
+        if ( fCompl )
+            Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+
+    if ( uSupp && nPartial )
+    {
+        // find the only non-empty component
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            if ( pTruthFans[i] )
+                break;
+        assert( i < pObj->nFans );
+        return pTruthFans[i];
+    }
+/*
+    // get the truth table of the prime node
+    pTruthPrime = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObj );
+    // get storage for the temporary minterm
+    pTruthMint = Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes);
+
+    // go through the minterms
+    nMints = (1 << pObj->nFans);
+    Kit_TruthClear( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+    for ( m = 0; m < nMints; m++ )
+    {
+        if ( !Kit_TruthHasBit(pTruthPrime, m) )
+            continue;
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthMint, pNtk->nVars );
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthMint, pTruthMint, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, ((m & (1<<i)) == 0) ^ Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+        Kit_TruthOr( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthMint, pNtk->nVars );
+    }
+*/
+    pTruthTemp = Kit_TruthCompose( p->dd, Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, pTruthFans, pNtk->nVars, p->vTtBdds, p->vNodes );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruthTemp, pNtk->nVars );
+    return pTruthRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_DsdTruthComputeOne( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned uSupp )
+{
+    unsigned * pTruthRes;
+    int i;
+    // if support is specified, request that supports are available
+    if ( uSupp )
+        Kit_DsdGetSupports( pNtk );
+    // assign elementary truth tables
+    assert( pNtk->nVars <= p->nVars );
+    for ( i = 0; i < (int)pNtk->nVars; i++ )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, i), Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtElems, i), p->nVars );
+    // compute truth table for each node
+    pTruthRes = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root), uSupp );
+    // complement the truth table if needed
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pNtk->Root) )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+    return pTruthRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeTwo_rec( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id, unsigned uSupp, int iVar, unsigned * pTruthDec )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    int pfBoundSet[16];
+    unsigned * pTruthRes, * pTruthFans[16], * pTruthTemp;
+    unsigned i, iLit, fCompl, nPartial, uSuppFan, uSuppCur;
+//    unsigned m, nMints, * pTruthPrime, * pTruthMint; 
+    assert( uSupp > 0 );
+
+    // get the node with this ID
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Id );
+    pTruthRes = Vec_PtrEntry( p->vTtNodes, Id );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+    {
+        assert( Id < pNtk->nVars );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_CONST1 );
+    assert( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_VAR );
+
+    // count the number of intersecting fanins 
+    // collect the total support of the intersecting fanins
+    nPartial = 0;
+    uSuppFan = 0;
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+    {
+        uSuppCur = Kit_DsdLitSupport(pNtk, iLit);
+        if ( uSupp & uSuppCur )
+        {
+            nPartial++;
+            uSuppFan |= uSuppCur;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // if there is no intersection, or full intersection, use simple procedure
+    if ( nPartial == 0 || nPartial == pObj->nFans )
+        return Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Id, 0 );
+
+    // if support of the component includes some other variables
+    // we need to continue constructing it as usual by the two-function procedure
+    if ( uSuppFan != (uSuppFan & uSupp) )
+    {
+        assert( nPartial == 1 );
+//        return Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeTwo_rec( p, pNtk, Id, uSupp, iVar, pTruthDec );
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        {
+            if ( uSupp & Kit_DsdLitSupport(pNtk, iLit) )
+                pTruthFans[i] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeTwo_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), uSupp, iVar, pTruthDec );
+            else
+                pTruthFans[i] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), 0 );
+        }
+
+        // create composition/decomposition functions
+        if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthFill( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+                Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+            return pTruthRes;
+        }
+        if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthClear( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+            fCompl = 0;
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            {
+                fCompl ^= Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit);
+                Kit_TruthXor( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars );
+            }
+            if ( fCompl )
+                Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+            return pTruthRes;
+        }
+        assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        assert( uSuppFan == (uSuppFan & uSupp) );
+        assert( nPartial < pObj->nFans );
+        // the support of the insecting component(s) is contained in the bound-set
+        // and yet there are components that are not contained in the bound set
+
+        // solve the fanins and collect info, which components belong to the bound set
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        {
+            pTruthFans[i] = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeOne_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), 0 );
+            pfBoundSet[i] = (int)((uSupp & Kit_DsdLitSupport(pNtk, iLit)) > 0);
+        }
+
+        // create composition/decomposition functions
+        if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthIthVar( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars, iVar );
+            Kit_TruthFill( pTruthDec, pNtk->nVars );
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+                if ( pfBoundSet[i] )
+                    Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthDec, pTruthDec, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+                else
+                    Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+            return pTruthRes;
+        }
+        if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthIthVar( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars, iVar );
+            Kit_TruthClear( pTruthDec, pNtk->nVars );
+            fCompl = 0;
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            {
+                fCompl ^= Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit);
+                if ( pfBoundSet[i] )
+                    Kit_TruthXor( pTruthDec, pTruthDec, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars );
+                else
+                    Kit_TruthXor( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars );
+            }
+            if ( fCompl )
+                Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+            return pTruthRes;
+        }
+        assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+        assert( nPartial == 1 );
+
+        // find the only non-empty component
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            if ( pfBoundSet[i] )
+                break;
+        assert( i < pObj->nFans );
+
+        // save this component as the decomposed function
+        Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthDec, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars );
+        // set the corresponding component to be the new variable
+        Kit_TruthIthVar( pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, iVar );
+    }
+/*
+    // get the truth table of the prime node
+    pTruthPrime = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObj );
+    // get storage for the temporary minterm
+    pTruthMint = Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes);
+
+    // go through the minterms
+    nMints = (1 << pObj->nFans);
+    Kit_TruthClear( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+    for ( m = 0; m < nMints; m++ )
+    {
+        if ( !Kit_TruthHasBit(pTruthPrime, m) )
+            continue;
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTruthMint, pNtk->nVars );
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+            Kit_TruthAndPhase( pTruthMint, pTruthMint, pTruthFans[i], pNtk->nVars, 0, ((m & (1<<i)) == 0) ^ Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+        Kit_TruthOr( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pTruthMint, pNtk->nVars );
+    }
+*/
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        assert( !Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+    pTruthTemp = Kit_TruthCompose( p->dd, Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pObj->nFans, pTruthFans, pNtk->nVars, p->vTtBdds, p->vNodes );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruthTemp, pNtk->nVars );
+    return pTruthRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_DsdTruthComputeTwo( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned uSupp, int iVar, unsigned * pTruthDec )
+{
+    unsigned * pTruthRes, uSuppAll;
+    int i;
+    assert( uSupp > 0 );
+    assert( pNtk->nVars <= p->nVars );
+    // compute support of all nodes
+    uSuppAll = Kit_DsdGetSupports( pNtk );
+    // consider special case - there is no overlap
+    if ( (uSupp & uSuppAll) == 0 )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthClear( pTruthDec, pNtk->nVars );
+        return Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+    }
+    // consider special case - support is fully contained
+    if ( (uSupp & uSuppAll) == uSuppAll )
+    {
+        pTruthRes = Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+        Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthDec, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+        Kit_TruthIthVar( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars, iVar );
+        return pTruthRes;
+    }
+    // assign elementary truth tables
+    for ( i = 0; i < (int)pNtk->nVars; i++ )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, i), Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtElems, i), p->nVars );
+    // compute truth table for each node
+    pTruthRes = Kit_DsdTruthComputeNodeTwo_rec( p, pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root), uSupp, iVar, pTruthDec );
+    // complement the truth table if needed
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pNtk->Root) )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pTruthRes, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+    return pTruthRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdTruth( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruthRes )
+{
+    Kit_DsdMan_t * p;
+    unsigned * pTruth;
+    p = Kit_DsdManAlloc( pNtk->nVars, Kit_DsdNtkObjNum(pNtk) );
+    pTruth = Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruth, pNtk->nVars );
+    Kit_DsdManFree( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdTruthPartialTwo( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned uSupp, int iVar, unsigned * pTruthCo, unsigned * pTruthDec )
+{
+    unsigned * pTruth = Kit_DsdTruthComputeTwo( p, pNtk, uSupp, iVar, pTruthDec );
+    if ( pTruthCo )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthCo, pTruth, pNtk->nVars );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table of the DSD network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdTruthPartial( Kit_DsdMan_t * p, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruthRes, unsigned uSupp )
+{
+    unsigned * pTruth = Kit_DsdTruthComputeOne( p, pNtk, uSupp );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthRes, pTruth, pNtk->nVars );
+/*
+    // verification
+    {
+        // compute the same function using different procedure
+        unsigned * pTruthTemp = Vec_PtrEntry(p->vTtNodes, pNtk->nVars + pNtk->nNodes + 1);
+        pNtk->pSupps = NULL;
+        Kit_DsdTruthComputeTwo( p, pNtk, uSupp, -1, pTruthTemp );
+//        if ( !Kit_TruthIsEqual( pTruthTemp, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars ) )
+        if ( !Kit_TruthIsEqualWithPhase( pTruthTemp, pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars ) )
+        {
+            printf( "Verification FAILED!\n" );
+            Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+            Kit_DsdPrintFromTruth( pTruthRes, pNtk->nVars );
+            Kit_DsdPrintFromTruth( pTruthTemp, pNtk->nVars );
+        }
+//        else
+//            printf( "Verification successful.\n" );
+    }
+*/
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of blocks of the given number of inputs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCountLuts_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int nLutSize, int Id, int * pCounter )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned iLit, i, Res0, Res1;
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Id );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return 0;
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND || pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        assert( pObj->nFans == 2 );
+        Res0 = Kit_DsdCountLuts_rec( pNtk, nLutSize, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pObj->pFans[0]), pCounter );
+        Res1 = Kit_DsdCountLuts_rec( pNtk, nLutSize, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pObj->pFans[1]), pCounter );
+        if ( Res0 == 0 && Res1 > 0 )
+            return Res1 - 1;
+        if ( Res0 > 0 && Res1 == 0 )
+            return Res0 - 1;
+        (*pCounter)++;
+        return nLutSize - 2;
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+    if ( (int)pObj->nFans > nLutSize ) //+ 1 )
+    {
+        *pCounter = 1000;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        Kit_DsdCountLuts_rec( pNtk, nLutSize, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), pCounter );
+    (*pCounter)++;
+//    if ( (int)pObj->nFans == nLutSize + 1 )
+//        (*pCounter)++;
+    return nLutSize - pObj->nFans;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of blocks of the given number of inputs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCountLuts( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int nLutSize )
+{
+    int Counter = 0;
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(pNtk)->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+        return 0;
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(pNtk)->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+        return 0;
+    Kit_DsdCountLuts_rec( pNtk, nLutSize, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root), &Counter );
+    if ( Counter >= 1000 )
+        return -1;
+    return Counter;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of blocks of the given number of inputs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned i, nSizeMax = 0;
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+            continue;
+        if ( nSizeMax < pObj->nFans )
+            nSizeMax = pObj->nFans;
+    }
+    return nSizeMax;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Finds the union of supports of the non-DSD blocks.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_DsdNonDsdSupports( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned i, uSupport = 0;
+//    FREE( pNtk->pSupps );
+    Kit_DsdGetSupports( pNtk );
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( pNtk, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+            continue;
+        uSupport |= Kit_DsdLitSupport( pNtk, Kit_DsdVar2Lit(pObj->Id,0) );
+    }
+    return uSupport;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Expands the node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the new literal.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdExpandCollectAnd_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int iLit, int * piLitsNew, int * nLitsNew )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned i, iLitFanin;
+    // check the end of the supergate
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) || Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) < p->nVars || pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_AND )
+    {
+        piLitsNew[(*nLitsNew)++] = iLit;
+        return;
+    }
+    // iterate through the fanins
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+        Kit_DsdExpandCollectAnd_rec( p, iLitFanin, piLitsNew, nLitsNew );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Expands the node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the new literal.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdExpandCollectXor_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int iLit, int * piLitsNew, int * nLitsNew )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned i, iLitFanin;
+    // check the end of the supergate
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    if ( Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) < p->nVars || pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        piLitsNew[(*nLitsNew)++] = iLit;
+        return;
+    }
+    // iterate through the fanins
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+        Kit_DsdExpandCollectXor_rec( p, iLitFanin, piLitsNew, nLitsNew );
+    // if the literal was complemented, pass the complemented attribute somewhere
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) )
+        piLitsNew[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot( piLitsNew[0] );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Expands the node.]
+
+  Description [Returns the new literal.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdExpandNode_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNew, Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int iLit )
+{
+    unsigned * pTruth, * pTruthNew;
+    unsigned i, iLitFanin, piLitsNew[16], nLitsNew = 0;
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, * pObjNew;
+
+    // consider the case of simple gate
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return iLit;
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+    {
+        Kit_DsdExpandCollectAnd_rec( p, Kit_DsdLitRegular(iLit), piLitsNew, &nLitsNew );
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_AND, nLitsNew );
+        for ( i = 0; i < pObjNew->nFans; i++ )
+            pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdExpandNode_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[i] );
+        return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+    }
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        int fCompl = Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit);
+        Kit_DsdExpandCollectXor_rec( p, Kit_DsdLitRegular(iLit), piLitsNew, &nLitsNew );
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_XOR, nLitsNew );
+        for ( i = 0; i < pObjNew->nFans; i++ )
+        {
+            pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdExpandNode_rec( pNew, p, Kit_DsdLitRegular(piLitsNew[i]) );
+            fCompl ^= Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(piLitsNew[i]);
+        }
+        return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, fCompl );
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+
+    // create new PRIME node
+    pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+    // copy the truth table
+    pTruth = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObj );
+    pTruthNew = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObjNew );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthNew, pTruth, pObj->nFans );
+    // create fanins
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+    {
+        pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdExpandNode_rec( pNew, p, iLitFanin );
+        // complement the corresponding inputs of the truth table
+        if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pObjNew->pFans[i]) )
+        {
+            pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdLitRegular(pObjNew->pFans[i]);
+            Kit_TruthChangePhase( pTruthNew, pObjNew->nFans, i );
+        }
+    }
+    // if the incoming phase is complemented, absorb it into the prime node
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pTruthNew, pTruthNew, pObj->nFans );
+    return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Expands the network.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdExpand( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNew;
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObjNew;
+    assert( p->nVars <= 16 );
+    // create a new network
+    pNew = Kit_DsdNtkAlloc( p->nVars );
+    // consider simple special cases
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_CONST1, 0 );
+        pNew->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(p->Root) );
+        return pNew;
+    }
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_VAR, 1 );
+        pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->pFans[0];
+        pNew->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(p->Root) );
+        return pNew;
+    }
+    // convert the root node
+    pNew->Root = Kit_DsdExpandNode_rec( pNew, p, p->Root );
+    return pNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Sorts the literals by their support.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdCompSort( int pPrios[], unsigned uSupps[], unsigned char * piLits, int nVars, int piLitsRes[] )
+{
+    int nSuppSizes[16], Priority[16], pOrder[16];
+    int i, k, iVarBest, SuppMax, PrioMax;
+    // compute support sizes and priorities of the components
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        assert( uSupps[i] );
+        pOrder[i] = i;
+        Priority[i] = KIT_INFINITY;
+        for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+            if ( uSupps[i] & (1 << k) )
+                Priority[i] = KIT_MIN( Priority[i], pPrios[k] );
+        assert( Priority[i] != 16 );
+        nSuppSizes[i] = Kit_WordCountOnes(uSupps[i]);
+    }
+    // sort the components by pririty
+    Extra_BubbleSort( pOrder, Priority, nVars, 0 );
+    // find the component by with largest size and lowest priority
+    iVarBest = -1;
+    SuppMax  = 0;
+    PrioMax  = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( SuppMax < nSuppSizes[i] || (SuppMax == nSuppSizes[i] && PrioMax < Priority[i]) )
+        {
+            SuppMax  = nSuppSizes[i];
+            PrioMax  = Priority[i];
+            iVarBest = i;
+        }
+    }
+    assert( iVarBest != -1 );
+    // copy the resulting literals
+    k = 0;
+    piLitsRes[k++] = piLits[iVarBest];
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pOrder[i] == iVarBest )
+            continue;
+        piLitsRes[k++] = piLits[pOrder[i]];
+    }
+    assert( k == nVars );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Shrinks multi-input nodes.]
+
+  Description [Takes the array of variable priorities pPrios.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdShrink_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNew, Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int iLit, int pPrios[] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, * pObjNew;
+    unsigned * pTruth, * pTruthNew;
+    unsigned i, piLitsNew[16], uSupps[16];
+    int iLitFanin, iLitNew;
+
+    // consider the case of simple gate
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return iLit;
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_AND )
+    {
+        // get the supports
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+            uSupps[i] = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iLitFanin );
+        // put the largest component last
+        // sort other components in the decreasing order of priority of their vars
+        Kit_DsdCompSort( pPrios, uSupps, pObj->pFans, pObj->nFans, piLitsNew );
+        // construct the two-input node network
+        iLitNew = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[0], pPrios );
+        for ( i = 1; i < pObj->nFans; i++ )
+        {
+            pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_AND, 2 );
+            pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[i], pPrios );
+            pObjNew->pFans[1] = iLitNew;
+            iLitNew = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+        }
+        return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+    }
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_XOR )
+    {
+        // get the supports
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+        {
+            assert( !Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLitFanin) );
+            uSupps[i] = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iLitFanin );
+        }
+        // put the largest component last
+        // sort other components in the decreasing order of priority of their vars
+        Kit_DsdCompSort( pPrios, uSupps, pObj->pFans, pObj->nFans, piLitsNew );
+        // construct the two-input node network
+        iLitNew = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[0], pPrios );
+        for ( i = 1; i < pObj->nFans; i++ )
+        {
+            pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_XOR, 2 );
+            pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, piLitsNew[i], pPrios );
+            pObjNew->pFans[1] = iLitNew;
+            iLitNew = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+        }
+        return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) );
+    }
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+
+    // create new PRIME node
+    pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+    // copy the truth table
+    pTruth = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObj );
+    pTruthNew = Kit_DsdObjTruth( pObjNew );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pTruthNew, pTruth, pObj->nFans );
+    // create fanins
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLitFanin, i )
+    {
+        pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, iLitFanin, pPrios );
+        // complement the corresponding inputs of the truth table
+        if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(pObjNew->pFans[i]) )
+        {
+            pObjNew->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdLitRegular(pObjNew->pFans[i]);
+            Kit_TruthChangePhase( pTruthNew, pObjNew->nFans, i );
+        }
+    }
+    // if the incoming phase is complemented, absorb it into the prime node
+    if ( Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(iLit) )
+        Kit_TruthNot( pTruthNew, pTruthNew, pObj->nFans );
+    return Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, 0 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Shrinks the network.]
+
+  Description [Transforms the network to have two-input nodes so that the
+  higher-ordered nodes were decomposed out first.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdShrink( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pPrios[] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNew;
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObjNew;
+    assert( p->nVars <= 16 );
+    // create a new network
+    pNew = Kit_DsdNtkAlloc( p->nVars );
+    // consider simple special cases
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_CONST1, 0 );
+        pNew->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(p->Root) );
+        return pNew;
+    }
+    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+    {
+        pObjNew = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNew, KIT_DSD_VAR, 1 );
+        pObjNew->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p)->pFans[0];
+        pNew->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pObjNew->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(p->Root) );
+        return pNew;
+    }
+    // convert the root node
+    pNew->Root = Kit_DsdShrink_rec( pNew, p, p->Root, pPrios );
+    return pNew;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Rotates the network.]
+
+  Description [Transforms prime nodes to have the fanin with the
+  highest frequency of supports go first.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdRotate( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int pFreqs[] )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned * pIn, * pOut, * pTemp, k;
+    int i, v, Temp, uSuppFanin, iFaninLit, WeightMax, FaninMax, nSwaps;
+    int Weights[16];
+    // go through the prime nodes
+    Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( p, pObj, i )
+    {
+        if ( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+            continue;
+        // count the fanin frequencies
+        Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iFaninLit, k )
+        {
+            uSuppFanin = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iFaninLit );
+            Weights[k] = 0;
+            for ( v = 0; v < 16; v++ )
+                if ( uSuppFanin & (1 << v) )
+                    Weights[k] += pFreqs[v] - 1;
+        }
+        // find the most frequent fanin
+        WeightMax = 0; 
+        FaninMax = -1;
+        for ( k = 0; k < pObj->nFans; k++ )
+            if ( WeightMax < Weights[k] )
+            {
+                WeightMax = Weights[k];
+                FaninMax = k;
+            }
+        // no need to reorder if there are no frequent fanins
+        if ( FaninMax == -1 )
+            continue;
+        // move the fanins number k to the first place
+        nSwaps = 0;
+        pIn = Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj);
+        pOut = p->pMem;
+//        for ( v = FaninMax; v < ((int)pObj->nFans)-1; v++ )
+        for ( v = FaninMax-1; v >= 0; v-- )
+        {
+            // swap the fanins
+            Temp = pObj->pFans[v];
+            pObj->pFans[v] = pObj->pFans[v+1];
+            pObj->pFans[v+1] = Temp;
+            // swap the truth table variables
+            Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( pOut, pIn, pObj->nFans, v );
+            pTemp = pIn; pIn = pOut; pOut = pTemp;
+            nSwaps++;
+        }
+        if ( nSwaps & 1 )
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pOut, pIn, pObj->nFans );
+    }    
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute the support.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_DsdGetSupports_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p, int iLit )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned uSupport, k;
+    int iFaninLit;
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( p, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit) );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, iLit );
+    uSupport = 0;
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( p, pObj, iFaninLit, k )
+        uSupport |= Kit_DsdGetSupports_rec( p, iFaninLit );
+    p->pSupps[pObj->Id - p->nVars] = uSupport;
+    assert( uSupport <= 0xFFFF );
+    return uSupport;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Compute the support.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_DsdGetSupports( Kit_DsdNtk_t * p )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pRoot;
+    unsigned uSupport;
+    assert( p->pSupps == NULL );
+    p->pSupps = ALLOC( unsigned, p->nNodes );
+    // consider simple special cases
+    pRoot = Kit_DsdNtkRoot(p);
+    if ( pRoot->Type == KIT_DSD_CONST1 )
+    {
+        assert( p->nNodes == 1 );
+        uSupport = p->pSupps[0] = 0;
+    }
+    if ( pRoot->Type == KIT_DSD_VAR )
+    {
+        assert( p->nNodes == 1 );
+        uSupport = p->pSupps[0] = Kit_DsdLitSupport( p, pRoot->pFans[0] );
+    }
+    else
+        uSupport = Kit_DsdGetSupports_rec( p, p->Root );
+    assert( uSupport <= 0xFFFF );
+    return uSupport;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if there is a component with more than 3 inputs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdFindLargeBox_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Id, int Size )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned iLit, i, RetValue;
+    pObj = Kit_DsdNtkObj( pNtk, Id );
+    if ( pObj == NULL )
+        return 0;
+    if ( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME && (int)pObj->nFans > Size )
+        return 1;
+    RetValue = 0;
+    Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( pNtk, pObj, iLit, i )
+        RetValue |= Kit_DsdFindLargeBox_rec( pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(iLit), Size );
+    return RetValue;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if there is a component with more than 3 inputs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdFindLargeBox( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, int Size )
+{
+    return Kit_DsdFindLargeBox_rec( pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root), Size );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if the non-DSD 4-var func is implementable with two 3-LUTs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdRootNodeHasCommonVars( Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj0, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj1 )
+{
+    unsigned i, k;
+    for ( i = 0; i < pObj0->nFans; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( Kit_DsdLit2Var(pObj0->pFans[i]) >= 4 )
+            continue;
+        for ( k = 0; k < pObj1->nFans; k++ )
+            if ( Kit_DsdLit2Var(pObj0->pFans[i]) == Kit_DsdLit2Var(pObj1->pFans[k]) )
+                return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if the non-DSD 4-var func is implementable with two 3-LUTs.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCheckVar4Dec2( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk0, Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk1 )
+{
+    assert( pNtk0->nVars == 4 );
+    assert( pNtk1->nVars == 4 );
+    if ( Kit_DsdFindLargeBox(pNtk0, 2) )
+        return 0;
+    if ( Kit_DsdFindLargeBox(pNtk1, 2) )
+        return 0;
+    return Kit_DsdRootNodeHasCommonVars( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(pNtk0), Kit_DsdNtkRoot(pNtk1) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj, unsigned uSupp, unsigned char * pPar, int nDecMux )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pRes, * pRes0, * pRes1;
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum(pObj->nFans);
+    unsigned * pTruth = Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj);
+    unsigned * pCofs2[2] = { pNtk->pMem, pNtk->pMem + nWords };
+    unsigned * pCofs4[2][2] = { {pNtk->pMem + 2 * nWords, pNtk->pMem + 3 * nWords}, {pNtk->pMem + 4 * nWords, pNtk->pMem + 5 * nWords} };
+    int i, iLit0, iLit1, nFans0, nFans1, nPairs;
+    int fEquals[2][2], fOppos, fPairs[4][4];
+    unsigned j, k, nFansNew, uSupp0, uSupp1;
+
+    assert( pObj->nFans > 0 );
+    assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+    assert( uSupp == (uSupp0 = (unsigned)Kit_TruthSupport(pTruth, pObj->nFans)) );
+
+    // compress the truth table
+    if ( uSupp != Kit_BitMask(pObj->nFans) )
+    {
+        nFansNew = Kit_WordCountOnes(uSupp);
+        Kit_TruthShrink( pNtk->pMem, pTruth, nFansNew, pObj->nFans, uSupp, 1 );
+        for ( j = k = 0; j < pObj->nFans; j++ )
+            if ( uSupp & (1 << j) )
+                pObj->pFans[k++] = pObj->pFans[j];
+        assert( k == nFansNew );
+        pObj->nFans = k;
+        uSupp = Kit_BitMask(pObj->nFans);
+    }
+
+    // consider the single variable case
+    if ( pObj->nFans == 1 )
+    {
+        pObj->Type = KIT_DSD_NONE;
+        if ( pTruth[0] == 0x55555555 )
+            pObj->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pObj->pFans[0]);
+        else
+            assert( pTruth[0] == 0xAAAAAAAA );
+        // update the parent pointer
+        *pPar = Kit_DsdLitNotCond( pObj->pFans[0], Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(*pPar) );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // decompose the output
+    if ( !pObj->fMark )
+    for ( i = pObj->nFans - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
+    {
+        // get the two-variable cofactors
+        Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs2[0], pTruth, pObj->nFans, i );
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs2[1], pTruth, pObj->nFans, i );
+//        assert( !Kit_TruthVarInSupport( pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans, i) );
+//        assert( !Kit_TruthVarInSupport( pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans, i) );
+        // get the constant cofs
+        fEquals[0][0] = Kit_TruthIsConst0( pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        fEquals[0][1] = Kit_TruthIsConst0( pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        fEquals[1][0] = Kit_TruthIsConst1( pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        fEquals[1][1] = Kit_TruthIsConst1( pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        fOppos        = Kit_TruthIsOpposite( pCofs2[0], pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        assert( !Kit_TruthIsEqual(pCofs2[0], pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans) );
+        if ( fEquals[0][0] + fEquals[0][1] + fEquals[1][0] + fEquals[1][1] + fOppos == 0 )
+        {
+            // check the MUX decomposition
+            uSupp0 = Kit_TruthSupport( pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+            uSupp1 = Kit_TruthSupport( pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+            assert( uSupp == (uSupp0 | uSupp1 | (1<<i)) );
+            if ( uSupp0 & uSupp1 )
+                continue;
+            // perform MUX decomposition
+            pRes0 = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+            pRes1 = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+            for ( k = 0; k < pObj->nFans; k++ )
+            {
+                pRes0->pFans[k] = (uSupp0 & (1 << k))? pObj->pFans[k] : 127;
+                pRes1->pFans[k] = (uSupp1 & (1 << k))? pObj->pFans[k] : 127;
+            }
+            Kit_TruthCopy( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pRes0), pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );        
+            Kit_TruthCopy( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pRes1), pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans ); 
+            // update the current one
+            assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+            pTruth[0] = 0xCACACACA;
+            pObj->nFans = 3;
+            pObj->pFans[2] = pObj->pFans[i];
+            pObj->pFans[0] = 2*pRes0->Id; pRes0->nRefs++;
+            pObj->pFans[1] = 2*pRes1->Id; pRes1->nRefs++;
+            // call recursively
+            Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pRes0, uSupp0, pObj->pFans + 0, nDecMux );
+            Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pRes1, uSupp1, pObj->pFans + 1, nDecMux );
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // create the new node
+        pRes = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_AND, 2 );
+        pRes->nRefs++;
+        pRes->nFans = 2;
+        pRes->pFans[0] = pObj->pFans[i];  pObj->pFans[i] = 127;  uSupp &= ~(1 << i);
+        pRes->pFans[1] = 2*pObj->Id;
+        // update the parent pointer
+        *pPar = Kit_DsdLitNotCond( 2 * pRes->Id, Kit_DsdLitIsCompl(*pPar) );
+        // consider different decompositions
+        if ( fEquals[0][0] )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruth, pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        }
+        else if ( fEquals[0][1] )
+        {
+            pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruth, pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        }
+        else if ( fEquals[1][0] )
+        {
+            *pPar = Kit_DsdLitNot(*pPar);
+            pRes->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[1]);
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruth, pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        }
+        else if ( fEquals[1][1] )
+        {
+            *pPar = Kit_DsdLitNot(*pPar);
+            pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);  
+            pRes->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[1]);
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruth, pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        }
+        else if ( fOppos )
+        {
+            pRes->Type = KIT_DSD_XOR;
+            Kit_TruthCopy( pTruth, pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        }
+        else
+            assert( 0 );
+        // decompose the remainder
+        assert( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj) == pTruth );
+        Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pObj, uSupp, pRes->pFans + 1, nDecMux );
+        return;
+    }
+    pObj->fMark = 1;
+
+    // decompose the input
+    for ( i = pObj->nFans - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
+    {
+        assert( Kit_TruthVarInSupport( pTruth, pObj->nFans, i ) );
+        // get the single variale cofactors
+        Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs2[0], pTruth, pObj->nFans, i );
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs2[1], pTruth, pObj->nFans, i );
+        // check the existence of MUX decomposition
+        uSupp0 = Kit_TruthSupport( pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        uSupp1 = Kit_TruthSupport( pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        assert( uSupp == (uSupp0 | uSupp1 | (1<<i)) );
+        // if one of the cofs is a constant, it is time to check the output again
+        if ( uSupp0 == 0 || uSupp1 == 0 )
+        {
+            pObj->fMark = 0;
+            Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pObj, uSupp, pPar, nDecMux );
+            return;
+        }
+        assert( uSupp0 && uSupp1 );
+        // get the number of unique variables
+        nFans0 = Kit_WordCountOnes( uSupp0 & ~uSupp1 );
+        nFans1 = Kit_WordCountOnes( uSupp1 & ~uSupp0 );
+        if ( nFans0 == 1 && nFans1 == 1 )
+        {
+            // get the cofactors w.r.t. the unique variables
+            iLit0 = Kit_WordFindFirstBit( uSupp0 & ~uSupp1 );
+            iLit1 = Kit_WordFindFirstBit( uSupp1 & ~uSupp0 );
+            // get four cofactors                                        
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans, iLit0 );
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs4[0][1], pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans, iLit0 );
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs4[1][0], pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans, iLit1 );
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs4[1][1], pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans, iLit1 );
+            // check existence conditions
+            fEquals[0][0] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans );
+            fEquals[0][1] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans );
+            fEquals[1][0] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans );
+            fEquals[1][1] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans );
+            if ( (fEquals[0][0] && fEquals[0][1]) || (fEquals[1][0] && fEquals[1][1]) )
+            {
+                // construct the MUX
+                pRes = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_PRIME, 3 );
+                Kit_DsdObjTruth(pRes)[0] = 0xCACACACA;
+                pRes->nRefs++;
+                pRes->nFans = 3;
+                pRes->pFans[0] = pObj->pFans[iLit0]; pObj->pFans[iLit0] = 127;  uSupp &= ~(1 << iLit0);
+                pRes->pFans[1] = pObj->pFans[iLit1]; pObj->pFans[iLit1] = 127;  uSupp &= ~(1 << iLit1);
+                pRes->pFans[2] = pObj->pFans[i];     pObj->pFans[i] = 2 * pRes->Id; // remains in support
+                // update the node
+//                if ( fEquals[0][0] && fEquals[0][1] )
+//                    Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, i );
+//                else
+//                    Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans, i );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[1][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans, i );
+                if ( fEquals[1][0] && fEquals[1][1] )
+                    pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);
+                // decompose the remainder
+                Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pObj, uSupp, pPar, nDecMux );
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // try other inputs
+        for ( k = i+1; k < pObj->nFans; k++ )
+        {
+            // get four cofactors                                                ik
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans, k ); // 00 
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs4[0][1], pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans, k ); // 01 
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs4[1][0], pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans, k ); // 10 
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs4[1][1], pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans, k ); // 11 
+            // compare equal pairs
+            fPairs[0][1] = fPairs[1][0] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans );
+            fPairs[0][2] = fPairs[2][0] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans );
+            fPairs[0][3] = fPairs[3][0] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans );
+            fPairs[1][2] = fPairs[2][1] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans );
+            fPairs[1][3] = fPairs[3][1] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[0][1], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans );
+            fPairs[2][3] = fPairs[3][2] = Kit_TruthIsEqual( pCofs4[1][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans );
+            nPairs = fPairs[0][1] + fPairs[0][2] + fPairs[0][3] + fPairs[1][2] + fPairs[1][3] + fPairs[2][3];
+            if ( nPairs != 3 && nPairs != 2 )
+                continue;
+
+            // decomposition exists
+            pRes = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_AND, 2 );
+            pRes->nRefs++;
+            pRes->nFans = 2;
+            pRes->pFans[0] = pObj->pFans[k]; pObj->pFans[k] = 2 * pRes->Id;  // remains in support
+            pRes->pFans[1] = pObj->pFans[i]; pObj->pFans[i] = 127;       uSupp &= ~(1 << i);
+            if ( !fPairs[0][1] && !fPairs[0][2] && !fPairs[0][3] ) // 00
+            {
+                pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);  
+                pRes->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[1]);
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[1][1], pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans, k );
+            }
+            else if ( !fPairs[1][0] && !fPairs[1][2] && !fPairs[1][3] ) // 01
+            {
+                pRes->pFans[1] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[1]);  
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, k );
+            }
+            else if ( !fPairs[2][0] && !fPairs[2][1] && !fPairs[2][3] ) // 10
+            {
+                pRes->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdLitNot(pRes->pFans[0]);  
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][0], pObj->nFans, k );
+            }
+            else if ( !fPairs[3][0] && !fPairs[3][1] && !fPairs[3][2] ) // 11
+            {
+//                unsigned uSupp0 = Kit_TruthSupport(pCofs4[0][0], pObj->nFans);
+//                unsigned uSupp1 = Kit_TruthSupport(pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans);
+//                unsigned uSupp;
+//                Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp0, pObj->nFans ); printf( "\n" );
+//                Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp1, pObj->nFans ); printf( "\n" );
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[1][1], pObj->nFans, k );
+//                uSupp = Kit_TruthSupport(pTruth, pObj->nFans);
+//                Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp, pObj->nFans ); printf( "\n" ); printf( "\n" );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                assert( fPairs[0][3] && fPairs[1][2] );
+                pRes->Type = KIT_DSD_XOR;;
+                Kit_TruthMuxVar( pTruth, pCofs4[0][0], pCofs4[0][1], pObj->nFans, k );
+            }
+            // decompose the remainder
+            Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pObj, uSupp, pPar, nDecMux );
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+/*
+    // if all decomposition methods failed and we are still above the limit, perform MUX-decomposition
+    if ( nDecMux > 0 && (int)pObj->nFans > nDecMux )
+    {
+        int iBestVar = Kit_TruthBestCofVar( pTruth, pObj->nFans, pCofs2[0], pCofs2[1] );
+        uSupp0 = Kit_TruthSupport( pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );
+        uSupp1 = Kit_TruthSupport( pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans );
+        // perform MUX decomposition
+        pRes0 = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+        pRes1 = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_PRIME, pObj->nFans );
+        for ( k = 0; k < pObj->nFans; k++ )
+            pRes0->pFans[k] = pRes1->pFans[k] = pObj->pFans[k];
+        Kit_TruthCopy( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pRes0), pCofs2[0], pObj->nFans );        
+        Kit_TruthCopy( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pRes1), pCofs2[1], pObj->nFans ); 
+        // update the current one
+        assert( pObj->Type == KIT_DSD_PRIME );
+        pTruth[0] = 0xCACACACA;
+        pObj->nFans = 3;
+        pObj->pFans[0] = 2*pRes0->Id; pRes0->nRefs++;
+        pObj->pFans[1] = 2*pRes1->Id; pRes1->nRefs++;
+        pObj->pFans[2] = pObj->pFans[iBestVar];
+        // call recursively
+        Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pRes0, uSupp0, pObj->pFans + 0, nDecMux );
+        Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pRes1, uSupp1, pObj->pFans + 1, nDecMux );
+    }
+*/
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdDecomposeInt( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nDecMux )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk;
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned uSupp;
+    int i, nVarsReal;
+    assert( nVars <= 16 );
+    pNtk = Kit_DsdNtkAlloc( nVars );
+    pNtk->Root = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( pNtk->nVars, 0 );
+    // create the first node
+    pObj = Kit_DsdObjAlloc( pNtk, KIT_DSD_PRIME, nVars );
+    assert( pNtk->pNodes[0] == pObj );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+       pObj->pFans[i] = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( i, 0 );
+    Kit_TruthCopy( Kit_DsdObjTruth(pObj), pTruth, nVars );
+    uSupp = Kit_TruthSupport( pTruth, nVars );
+    // consider special cases
+    nVarsReal = Kit_WordCountOnes( uSupp );
+    if ( nVarsReal == 0 )
+    {
+        pObj->Type = KIT_DSD_CONST1;
+        pObj->nFans = 0;
+        if ( pTruth[0] == 0 )
+             pNtk->Root = Kit_DsdLitNot(pNtk->Root);
+        return pNtk;
+    }
+    if ( nVarsReal == 1 )
+    {
+        pObj->Type = KIT_DSD_VAR;
+        pObj->nFans = 1;
+        pObj->pFans[0] = Kit_DsdVar2Lit( Kit_WordFindFirstBit(uSupp), (pTruth[0] & 1) );
+        return pNtk;
+    }
+    Kit_DsdDecompose_rec( pNtk, pNtk->pNodes[0], uSupp, &pNtk->Root, nDecMux );
+    return pNtk;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdDecompose( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    return Kit_DsdDecomposeInt( pTruth, nVars, 0 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t * Kit_DsdDecomposeExpand( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, * pTemp;
+    pNtk = Kit_DsdDecomposeInt( pTruth, nVars, 0 );
+    pNtk = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk );      
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+    return pNtk;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description [Uses MUXes to break-down large prime nodes.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_DsdNtk_t *  Kit_DsdDecomposeMux( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nDecMux )
+{
+    return Kit_DsdDecomposeInt( pTruth, nVars, nDecMux );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdTestCofs( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruthInit )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk0, * pNtk1, * pTemp;
+//    Kit_DsdObj_t * pRoot;
+    unsigned * pCofs2[2] = { pNtk->pMem, pNtk->pMem + Kit_TruthWordNum(pNtk->nVars) };
+    unsigned i, * pTruth;
+    int fVerbose = 1;
+    int RetValue = 0;
+
+    pTruth = pTruthInit;
+//    pRoot = Kit_DsdNtkRoot(pNtk);
+//    pTruth = Kit_DsdObjTruth(pRoot);
+//    assert( pRoot->nFans == pNtk->nVars );
+
+    if ( fVerbose )
+    {
+        printf( "Function: " );
+//        Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, pTruth, (1 << pNtk->nVars) ); 
+        Extra_PrintHexadecimal( stdout, pTruth, pNtk->nVars ); 
+        printf( "\n" );
+        Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+    }
+    for ( i = 0; i < pNtk->nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCofs2[0], pTruth, pNtk->nVars, i );
+        pNtk0 = Kit_DsdDecompose( pCofs2[0], pNtk->nVars );
+        pNtk0 = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk0 );
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+
+        if ( fVerbose )
+        {
+            printf( "Cof%d0: ", i );
+            Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk0 );
+        }
+
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCofs2[1], pTruth, pNtk->nVars, i );
+        pNtk1 = Kit_DsdDecompose( pCofs2[1], pNtk->nVars );
+        pNtk1 = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk1 );
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+
+        if ( fVerbose )
+        {
+            printf( "Cof%d1: ", i );
+            Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk1 );
+        }
+
+//        if ( Kit_DsdCheckVar4Dec2( pNtk0, pNtk1 ) )
+//            RetValue = 1;
+
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk0 );
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk1 );
+    }
+    if ( fVerbose )
+        printf( "\n" );
+
+    return RetValue;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdEval( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nLutSize )
+{
+    Kit_DsdMan_t * p;
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk;
+    unsigned * pTruthC;
+    int Result;
+
+    // decompose the function
+    pNtk = Kit_DsdDecompose( pTruth, nVars );
+    Result = Kit_DsdCountLuts( pNtk, nLutSize );
+//    printf( "\n" );
+//    Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+//    printf( "Eval = %d.\n", Result );
+
+    // recompute the truth table
+    p = Kit_DsdManAlloc( nVars, Kit_DsdNtkObjNum(pNtk) );
+    pTruthC = Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+    if ( !Kit_TruthIsEqual( pTruth, pTruthC, nVars ) )
+        printf( "Verification failed.\n" );
+    Kit_DsdManFree( p );
+
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk );
+    return Result;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdVerify( Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdMan_t * p;
+    unsigned * pTruthC;
+    p = Kit_DsdManAlloc( nVars, Kit_DsdNtkObjNum(pNtk)+2 );
+    pTruthC = Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+    if ( !Extra_TruthIsEqual( pTruth, pTruthC, nVars ) )
+        printf( "Verification failed.\n" );
+    Kit_DsdManFree( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdTest( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdMan_t * p;
+    unsigned * pTruthC;
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, * pTemp;
+    pNtk = Kit_DsdDecompose( pTruth, nVars );
+
+//    if ( Kit_DsdFindLargeBox(pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root)) )
+//        Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+
+//    if ( Kit_DsdNtkRoot(pNtk)->nFans == (unsigned)nVars && nVars == 6 )
+
+    printf( "\n" );
+    Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+
+    pNtk = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk );
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+
+    Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+
+//    if ( Kit_DsdFindLargeBox(pNtk, Kit_DsdLit2Var(pNtk->Root)) )
+//        Kit_DsdTestCofs( pNtk, pTruth );
+
+    // recompute the truth table
+    p = Kit_DsdManAlloc( nVars, Kit_DsdNtkObjNum(pNtk) );
+    pTruthC = Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+//    Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, pTruth, 1 << nVars ); printf( "\n" );
+//    Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, pTruthC, 1 << nVars ); printf( "\n" );
+    if ( Extra_TruthIsEqual( pTruth, pTruthC, nVars ) )
+    {
+//        printf( "Verification is okay.\n" );
+    }
+    else
+        printf( "Verification failed.\n" );
+    Kit_DsdManFree( p );
+
+
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Performs decomposition of the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrecompute4Vars()
+{
+    Kit_DsdMan_t * p;
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * pNtk, * pTemp;
+    FILE * pFile;
+    unsigned uTruth;
+    unsigned * pTruthC;
+    char Buffer[256];
+    int i, RetValue;
+    int Counter1 = 0, Counter2 = 0;
+
+    pFile = fopen( "5npn/npn4.txt", "r" );
+    for ( i = 0; fgets( Buffer, 100, pFile ); i++ )
+    {
+        Buffer[6] = 0;
+        Extra_ReadHexadecimal( &uTruth, Buffer+2, 4 );
+        uTruth = ((uTruth & 0xffff) << 16) | (uTruth & 0xffff);
+        pNtk = Kit_DsdDecompose( &uTruth, 4 );
+
+        pNtk = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = pNtk );
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+
+
+        if ( Kit_DsdFindLargeBox(pNtk, 3) )
+        {
+//            RetValue = 0;
+            RetValue = Kit_DsdTestCofs( pNtk, &uTruth );
+            printf( "\n" );
+            printf( "%3d : Non-DSD function  %s  %s\n", i, Buffer + 2, RetValue? "implementable" : "" );
+            Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+
+            Counter1++;
+            Counter2 += RetValue;
+        }
+
+/*
+        printf( "%3d : Function  %s   ", i, Buffer + 2 );
+        if ( !Kit_DsdFindLargeBox(pNtk, 3) )
+            Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, pNtk );
+        else
+            printf( "\n" );
+*/
+
+        p = Kit_DsdManAlloc( 4, Kit_DsdNtkObjNum(pNtk) );
+        pTruthC = Kit_DsdTruthCompute( p, pNtk );
+        if ( !Extra_TruthIsEqual( &uTruth, pTruthC, 4 ) )
+            printf( "Verification failed.\n" );
+        Kit_DsdManFree( p );
+
+        Kit_DsdNtkFree( pNtk );
+    }
+    fclose( pFile );
+    printf( "non-DSD = %d   implementable = %d\n", Counter1, Counter2 );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the set of cofactoring variables.]
+
+  Description [If there is no DSD components returns 0.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCofactoringGetVars( Kit_DsdNtk_t ** ppNtk, int nSize, int * pVars )
+{
+    Kit_DsdObj_t * pObj;
+    unsigned m;
+    int i, k, v, Var, nVars, iFaninLit;
+    // go through all the networks
+    nVars = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+    {
+        // go through the prime objects of each networks
+        Kit_DsdNtkForEachObj( ppNtk[i], pObj, k )     
+        {
+            if ( pObj->Type != KIT_DSD_PRIME )
+                continue;
+            if ( pObj->nFans == 3 )
+                continue;
+            // collect direct fanin variables
+            Kit_DsdObjForEachFanin( ppNtk[i], pObj, iFaninLit, m )
+            {
+                if ( !Kit_DsdLitIsLeaf(ppNtk[i], iFaninLit) )
+                    continue;
+                // add it to the array
+                Var = Kit_DsdLit2Var( iFaninLit );
+                for ( v = 0; v < nVars; v++ )
+                    if ( pVars[v] == Var )
+                        break;
+                if ( v == nVars )
+                    pVars[nVars++] = Var;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return nVars;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Canonical decomposition into completely DSD-structure.]
+
+  Description [Returns the number of cofactoring steps. Also returns
+  the cofactoring variables in pVars.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_DsdCofactoring( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pCofVars, int nLimit, int fVerbose )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * ppNtks[5][16] = {0}, * pTemp;
+    unsigned * ppCofs[5][16];
+    int pTryVars[16], nTryVars;
+    int nPrimeSizeMin, nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur;
+    int nSuppSizeMin, nSuppSizeMax, iVarBest;
+    int i, k, v, nStep, nSize, nMemSize;
+    assert( nLimit < 5 );
+
+    // allocate storage for cofactors
+    nMemSize = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars);
+    ppCofs[0][0] = ALLOC( unsigned, 80 * nMemSize );
+    nSize = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i <  5; i++ )
+    for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+        ppCofs[i][k] = ppCofs[0][0] + nMemSize * nSize++;
+    assert( nSize == 80 );
+
+    // copy the function
+    Kit_TruthCopy( ppCofs[0][0], pTruth, nVars );
+    ppNtks[0][0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[0][0], nVars );
+
+    if ( fVerbose )
+        printf( "\nProcessing prime function with %d support variables:\n", nVars );
+
+    // perform recursive cofactoring
+    for ( nStep = 0; nStep < nLimit; nStep++ )
+    {
+        nSize = (1 << nStep);
+        // find the variables to use in the cofactoring step
+        nTryVars = Kit_DsdCofactoringGetVars( ppNtks[nStep], nSize, pTryVars );
+        if ( nTryVars == 0 )
+            break;
+        // cofactor w.r.t. the above variables
+        iVarBest = -1;
+        nPrimeSizeMin = 10000;
+        nSuppSizeMin  = 10000;
+        for ( v = 0; v < nTryVars; v++ )
+        {
+            nPrimeSizeMax = 0;
+            nSuppSizeMax = 0;
+            for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+            {
+                // cofactor and decompose cofactors          
+                Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, pTryVars[v] );
+                Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, pTryVars[v] );
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], nVars );
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], nVars );
+                // compute the largest non-decomp block
+                nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0]);
+                nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+                nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1]);
+                nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+                // compute the sum total of supports
+                nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], nVars );
+                nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], nVars );
+                // free the networks
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] );
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] );
+            }
+            // find the min max support size of the prime component
+            if ( nPrimeSizeMin > nPrimeSizeMax || (nPrimeSizeMin == nPrimeSizeMax && nSuppSizeMin > nSuppSizeMax) )
+            {
+                nPrimeSizeMin = nPrimeSizeMax;
+                nSuppSizeMin  = nSuppSizeMax;
+                iVarBest      = pTryVars[v];
+            }
+        }
+        assert( iVarBest != -1 );
+        // save the variable
+        if ( pCofVars )
+            pCofVars[nStep] = iVarBest;
+        // cofactor w.r.t. the best
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, iVarBest );
+            Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[nStep][i], nVars, iVarBest );
+            ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+0], nVars );
+            ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nStep+1][2*i+1], nVars );
+            if ( fVerbose )
+            {
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] );
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+                ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] );
+                Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nStep+1, 2*i+0 );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+0] );
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nStep+1, 2*i+1 );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[nStep+1][2*i+1] );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // free the networks
+    for ( i = 0; i <  5; i++ )
+    for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+        if ( ppNtks[i][k] )
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i][k] );
+    free( ppCofs[0][0] );
+
+    assert( nStep <= nLimit );
+    return nStep;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Canonical decomposition into completely DSD-structure.]
+
+  Description [Returns the number of cofactoring steps. Also returns
+  the cofactoring variables in pVars.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_DsdPrintCofactors( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nCofLevel, int fVerbose )
+{
+    Kit_DsdNtk_t * ppNtks[32] = {0}, * pTemp;
+    unsigned * ppCofs[5][16];
+    int piCofVar[5];
+    int nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur, nSuppSizeMax;
+    int i, k, v1, v2, v3, v4, s, nSteps, nSize, nMemSize;
+    assert( nCofLevel < 5 );
+
+    // print the function
+    ppNtks[0] = Kit_DsdDecompose( pTruth, nVars );
+    ppNtks[0] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[0] );
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+    if ( fVerbose )
+        Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[0] );
+    Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[0] );
+
+    // allocate storage for cofactors
+    nMemSize = Kit_TruthWordNum(nVars);
+    ppCofs[0][0] = ALLOC( unsigned, 80 * nMemSize );
+    nSize = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i <  5; i++ )
+    for ( k = 0; k < 16; k++ )
+        ppCofs[i][k] = ppCofs[0][0] + nMemSize * nSize++;
+    assert( nSize == 80 );
+
+    // copy the function
+    Kit_TruthCopy( ppCofs[0][0], pTruth, nVars );
+
+    if ( nCofLevel == 1 )
+    for ( v1 = 0; v1 < nVars; v1++ )
+    {
+        nSteps = 0;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v1;
+
+        printf( "    Variables { " );
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSteps; i++ )
+            printf( "%c ", 'a' + piCofVar[i] );
+        printf( "}\n" );
+
+        // single cofactors
+        for ( s = 1; s <= nSteps; s++ )
+        {
+            for ( k = 0; k < s; k++ )
+            {
+                nSize = (1 << k);
+                for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+                {
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // compute DSD networks
+        nSize = (1 << nSteps);
+        nPrimeSizeMax = 0;
+        nSuppSizeMax = 0;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[i] );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+            if ( fVerbose )
+            {
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nSteps, i );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[i] );
+            }
+            // compute the largest non-decomp block
+            nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[i]);
+            nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i] );
+            nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+        }
+        printf( "Max = %2d. Supps = %2d.\n", nPrimeSizeMax, nSuppSizeMax );
+    }
+
+    if ( nCofLevel == 2 )
+    for ( v1 = 0; v1 < nVars; v1++ )
+    for ( v2 = v1+1; v2 < nVars; v2++ )
+    {
+        nSteps = 0;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v1;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v2;
+
+        printf( "    Variables { " );
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSteps; i++ )
+            printf( "%c ", 'a' + piCofVar[i] );
+        printf( "}\n" );
+
+        // single cofactors
+        for ( s = 1; s <= nSteps; s++ )
+        {
+            for ( k = 0; k < s; k++ )
+            {
+                nSize = (1 << k);
+                for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+                {
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // compute DSD networks
+        nSize = (1 << nSteps);
+        nPrimeSizeMax = 0;
+        nSuppSizeMax = 0;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[i] );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+            if ( fVerbose )
+            {
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nSteps, i );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[i] );
+            }
+            // compute the largest non-decomp block
+            nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[i]);
+            nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i] );
+            nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+        }
+        printf( "Max = %2d. Supps = %2d.\n", nPrimeSizeMax, nSuppSizeMax );
+    }
+
+    if ( nCofLevel == 3 )
+    for ( v1 = 0; v1 < nVars; v1++ )
+    for ( v2 = v1+1; v2 < nVars; v2++ )
+    for ( v3 = v2+1; v3 < nVars; v3++ )
+    {
+        nSteps = 0;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v1;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v2;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v3;
+
+        printf( "    Variables { " );
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSteps; i++ )
+            printf( "%c ", 'a' + piCofVar[i] );
+        printf( "}\n" );
+
+        // single cofactors
+        for ( s = 1; s <= nSteps; s++ )
+        {
+            for ( k = 0; k < s; k++ )
+            {
+                nSize = (1 << k);
+                for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+                {
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // compute DSD networks
+        nSize = (1 << nSteps);
+        nPrimeSizeMax = 0;
+        nSuppSizeMax = 0;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[i] );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+            if ( fVerbose )
+            {
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nSteps, i );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[i] );
+            }
+            // compute the largest non-decomp block
+            nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[i]);
+            nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i] );
+            nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+        }
+        printf( "Max = %2d. Supps = %2d.\n", nPrimeSizeMax, nSuppSizeMax );
+    }
+
+    if ( nCofLevel == 4 )
+    for ( v1 = 0; v1 < nVars; v1++ )
+    for ( v2 = v1+1; v2 < nVars; v2++ )
+    for ( v3 = v2+1; v3 < nVars; v3++ )
+    for ( v4 = v3+1; v4 < nVars; v4++ )
+    {
+        nSteps = 0;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v1;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v2;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v3;
+        piCofVar[nSteps++] = v4;
+
+        printf( "    Variables { " );
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSteps; i++ )
+            printf( "%c ", 'a' + piCofVar[i] );
+        printf( "}\n" );
+
+        // single cofactors
+        for ( s = 1; s <= nSteps; s++ )
+        {
+            for ( k = 0; k < s; k++ )
+            {
+                nSize = (1 << k);
+                for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+                {
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor0New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+0], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                    Kit_TruthCofactor1New( ppCofs[k+1][2*i+1], ppCofs[k][i], nVars, piCofVar[k] );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // compute DSD networks
+        nSize = (1 << nSteps);
+        nPrimeSizeMax = 0;
+        nSuppSizeMax = 0;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        {
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdDecompose( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+            ppNtks[i] = Kit_DsdExpand( pTemp = ppNtks[i] );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( pTemp );
+            if ( fVerbose )
+            {
+                printf( "Cof%d%d: ", nSteps, i );
+                Kit_DsdPrint( stdout, ppNtks[i] );
+            }
+            // compute the largest non-decomp block
+            nPrimeSizeCur  = Kit_DsdNonDsdSizeMax(ppNtks[i]);
+            nPrimeSizeMax  = KIT_MAX( nPrimeSizeMax, nPrimeSizeCur );
+            Kit_DsdNtkFree( ppNtks[i] );
+            nSuppSizeMax += Kit_TruthSupportSize( ppCofs[nSteps][i], nVars );
+        }
+        printf( "Max = %2d. Supps = %2d.\n", nPrimeSizeMax, nSuppSizeMax );
+    }
+
+
+    free( ppCofs[0][0] );
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitFactor.c b/src/aig/kit/kitFactor.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f596d9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitFactor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitFactor.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Algebraic factoring.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitFactor.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// factoring fails if intermediate memory usage exceed this limit
+#define KIT_FACTOR_MEM_LIMIT  (1<<16)
+
+static Kit_Edge_t  Kit_SopFactor_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+static Kit_Edge_t  Kit_SopFactorLF_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Kit_Sop_t * cSimple, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory );
+static Kit_Edge_t  Kit_SopFactorTrivial( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits );
+static Kit_Edge_t  Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, unsigned uCube, int nLits );
+
+extern int         Kit_SopFactorVerify( Vec_Int_t * cSop, Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, int nVars );
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Factors the cover.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Graph_t * Kit_SopFactor( Vec_Int_t * vCover, int fCompl, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Kit_Sop_t Sop, * cSop = &Sop;
+    Kit_Graph_t * pFForm;
+    Kit_Edge_t eRoot;
+//    int nCubes;
+
+    // works for up to 15 variables because division procedure
+    // used the last bit for marking the cubes going to the remainder
+    assert( nVars < 16 );
+
+    // check for trivial functions
+    if ( Vec_IntSize(vCover) == 0 )
+        return Kit_GraphCreateConst0();
+    if ( Vec_IntSize(vCover) == 1 && Vec_IntEntry(vCover, 0) == 0 )
+        return Kit_GraphCreateConst1();
+
+    // prepare memory manager
+//    Vec_IntClear( vMemory );
+    Vec_IntGrow( vMemory, KIT_FACTOR_MEM_LIMIT );
+
+    // perform CST
+    Kit_SopCreateInverse( cSop, vCover, 2 * nVars, vMemory ); // CST
+
+    // start the factored form
+    pFForm = Kit_GraphCreate( nVars );
+    // factor the cover
+    eRoot = Kit_SopFactor_rec( pFForm, cSop, 2 * nVars, vMemory );
+    // finalize the factored form
+    Kit_GraphSetRoot( pFForm, eRoot );
+    if ( fCompl )
+        Kit_GraphComplement( pFForm );
+
+    // verify the factored form
+//    nCubes = Vec_IntSize(vCover);
+//    Vec_IntShrink( vCover, nCubes );
+//    if ( !Kit_SopFactorVerify( vCover, pFForm, nVars ) )
+//        printf( "Verification has failed.\n" );
+    return pFForm;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Recursive factoring procedure.]
+
+  Description [For the pseudo-code, see Hachtel/Somenzi, 
+  Logic synthesis and verification algorithms, Kluwer, 1996, p. 432.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_SopFactor_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Kit_Sop_t Div, Quo, Rem, Com;
+    Kit_Sop_t * cDiv = &Div, * cQuo = &Quo, * cRem = &Rem, * cCom = &Com;
+    Kit_Edge_t eNodeDiv, eNodeQuo, eNodeRem, eNodeAnd;
+
+    // make sure the cover contains some cubes
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) > 0 );
+
+    // get the divisor
+    if ( !Kit_SopDivisor(cDiv, cSop, nLits, vMemory) )
+        return Kit_SopFactorTrivial( pFForm, cSop, nLits );
+
+    // divide the cover by the divisor
+    Kit_SopDivideInternal( cSop, cDiv, cQuo, cRem, vMemory );
+
+    // check the trivial case
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cQuo) > 0 );
+    if ( Kit_SopCubeNum(cQuo) == 1 )
+        return Kit_SopFactorLF_rec( pFForm, cSop, cQuo, nLits, vMemory );
+
+    // make the quotient cube free
+    Kit_SopMakeCubeFree( cQuo );
+
+    // divide the cover by the quotient
+    Kit_SopDivideInternal( cSop, cQuo, cDiv, cRem, vMemory );
+
+    // check the trivial case
+    if ( Kit_SopIsCubeFree( cDiv ) )
+    {
+        eNodeDiv = Kit_SopFactor_rec( pFForm, cDiv, nLits, vMemory );
+        eNodeQuo = Kit_SopFactor_rec( pFForm, cQuo, nLits, vMemory );
+        eNodeAnd = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pFForm, eNodeDiv, eNodeQuo );
+        if ( Kit_SopCubeNum(cRem) == 0 )
+            return eNodeAnd;
+        eNodeRem = Kit_SopFactor_rec( pFForm, cRem, nLits, vMemory );
+        return Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pFForm, eNodeAnd, eNodeRem );
+    }
+
+    // get the common cube
+    Kit_SopCommonCubeCover( cCom, cDiv, vMemory );
+
+    // solve the simple problem
+    return Kit_SopFactorLF_rec( pFForm, cSop, cCom, nLits, vMemory );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Internal recursive factoring procedure for the leaf case.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_SopFactorLF_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Kit_Sop_t * cSimple, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Kit_Sop_t Div, Quo, Rem;
+    Kit_Sop_t * cDiv = &Div, * cQuo = &Quo, * cRem = &Rem;
+    Kit_Edge_t eNodeDiv, eNodeQuo, eNodeRem, eNodeAnd;
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cSimple) == 1 );
+    // get the most often occurring literal
+    Kit_SopBestLiteralCover( cDiv, cSop, Kit_SopCube(cSimple, 0), nLits, vMemory );
+    // divide the cover by the literal
+    Kit_SopDivideByCube( cSop, cDiv, cQuo, cRem, vMemory );
+    // get the node pointer for the literal
+    eNodeDiv = Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube( pFForm, Kit_SopCube(cDiv, 0), nLits );
+    // factor the quotient and remainder
+    eNodeQuo = Kit_SopFactor_rec( pFForm, cQuo, nLits, vMemory );
+    eNodeAnd = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pFForm, eNodeDiv, eNodeQuo );
+    if ( Kit_SopCubeNum(cRem) == 0 )
+        return eNodeAnd;
+    eNodeRem = Kit_SopFactor_rec( pFForm, cRem, nLits, vMemory );
+    return Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pFForm, eNodeAnd, eNodeRem );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Factoring cube.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, unsigned uCube, int nStart, int nFinish )
+{
+    Kit_Edge_t eNode1, eNode2;
+    int i, iLit = -1, nLits, nLits1, nLits2;
+    assert( uCube );
+    // count the number of literals in this interval
+    nLits = 0;
+    for ( i = nStart; i < nFinish; i++ )
+        if ( Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, i) )
+        {
+            iLit = i;
+            nLits++;
+        }
+    assert( iLit != -1 );
+    // quit if there is only one literal        
+    if ( nLits == 1 )
+        return Kit_EdgeCreate( iLit/2, iLit%2 ); // CST
+    // split the literals into two parts
+    nLits1 = nLits/2;
+    nLits2 = nLits - nLits1;
+//    nLits2 = nLits/2;
+//    nLits1 = nLits - nLits2;
+    // find the splitting point
+    nLits = 0;
+    for ( i = nStart; i < nFinish; i++ )
+        if ( Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, i) )
+        {
+            if ( nLits == nLits1 )
+                break;
+            nLits++;
+        }
+    // recursively construct the tree for the parts
+    eNode1 = Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube_rec( pFForm, uCube, nStart, i  );
+    eNode2 = Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube_rec( pFForm, uCube, i, nFinish );
+    return Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pFForm, eNode1, eNode2 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Factoring cube.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, unsigned uCube, int nLits )
+{
+    return Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube_rec( pFForm, uCube, 0, nLits );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Factoring SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_SopFactorTrivial_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, unsigned * pCubes, int nCubes, int nLits )
+{
+    Kit_Edge_t eNode1, eNode2;
+    int nCubes1, nCubes2;
+    if ( nCubes == 1 )
+        return Kit_SopFactorTrivialCube_rec( pFForm, pCubes[0], 0, nLits );
+    // split the cubes into two parts
+    nCubes1 = nCubes/2;
+    nCubes2 = nCubes - nCubes1;
+//    nCubes2 = nCubes/2;
+//    nCubes1 = nCubes - nCubes2;
+    // recursively construct the tree for the parts
+    eNode1 = Kit_SopFactorTrivial_rec( pFForm, pCubes,           nCubes1, nLits );
+    eNode2 = Kit_SopFactorTrivial_rec( pFForm, pCubes + nCubes1, nCubes2, nLits );
+    return Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pFForm, eNode1, eNode2 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Factoring the cover, which has no algebraic divisors.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_SopFactorTrivial( Kit_Graph_t * pFForm, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits )
+{
+    return Kit_SopFactorTrivial_rec( pFForm, cSop->pCubes, cSop->nCubes, nLits );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Testing procedure for the factoring code.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_FactorTest( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    Vec_Int_t * vCover, * vMemory;
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+//    unsigned uTruthRes;
+    int RetValue;
+
+    // derive SOP
+    vCover = Vec_IntAlloc( 0 );
+    RetValue = Kit_TruthIsop( pTruth, nVars, vCover, 0 );
+    assert( RetValue == 0 );
+
+    // derive factored form
+    vMemory = Vec_IntAlloc( 0 );
+    pGraph = Kit_SopFactor( vCover, 0, nVars, vMemory );
+/*
+    // derive truth table
+    assert( nVars <= 5 );
+    uTruthRes = Kit_GraphToTruth( pGraph );
+    if ( uTruthRes != pTruth[0] )
+        printf( "Verification failed!" );
+*/
+    printf( "Vars = %2d. Cubes = %3d. FFNodes = %3d. FF_memory = %3d.\n",
+        nVars, Vec_IntSize(vCover), Kit_GraphNodeNum(pGraph), Vec_IntSize(vMemory) );
+
+    Vec_IntFree( vMemory );
+    Vec_IntFree( vCover );
+    Kit_GraphFree( pGraph );
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitGraph.c b/src/aig/kit/kitGraph.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..80dcbdc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitGraph.c
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitGraph.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Decomposition graph representation.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitGraph.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates a graph with the given number of leaves.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Graph_t * Kit_GraphCreate( int nLeaves )   
+{
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    pGraph = ALLOC( Kit_Graph_t, 1 );
+    memset( pGraph, 0, sizeof(Kit_Graph_t) );
+    pGraph->nLeaves = nLeaves;
+    pGraph->nSize = nLeaves;
+    pGraph->nCap = 2 * nLeaves + 50;
+    pGraph->pNodes = ALLOC( Kit_Node_t, pGraph->nCap );
+    memset( pGraph->pNodes, 0, sizeof(Kit_Node_t) * pGraph->nSize );
+    return pGraph;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates constant 0 graph.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Graph_t * Kit_GraphCreateConst0()   
+{
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    pGraph = ALLOC( Kit_Graph_t, 1 );
+    memset( pGraph, 0, sizeof(Kit_Graph_t) );
+    pGraph->fConst = 1;
+    pGraph->eRoot.fCompl = 1;
+    return pGraph;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates constant 1 graph.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Graph_t * Kit_GraphCreateConst1()   
+{
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    pGraph = ALLOC( Kit_Graph_t, 1 );
+    memset( pGraph, 0, sizeof(Kit_Graph_t) );
+    pGraph->fConst = 1;
+    return pGraph;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates the literal graph.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Graph_t * Kit_GraphCreateLeaf( int iLeaf, int nLeaves, int fCompl )   
+{
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    assert( 0 <= iLeaf && iLeaf < nLeaves );
+    pGraph = Kit_GraphCreate( nLeaves );
+    pGraph->eRoot.Node   = iLeaf;
+    pGraph->eRoot.fCompl = fCompl;
+    return pGraph;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates a graph with the given number of leaves.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_GraphFree( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )   
+{
+    FREE( pGraph->pNodes );
+    free( pGraph );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Appends a new node to the graph.]
+
+  Description [This procedure is meant for internal use.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Node_t * Kit_GraphAppendNode( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )   
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode;
+    if ( pGraph->nSize == pGraph->nCap )
+    {
+        pGraph->pNodes = REALLOC( Kit_Node_t, pGraph->pNodes, 2 * pGraph->nCap ); 
+        pGraph->nCap   = 2 * pGraph->nCap;
+    }
+    pNode = pGraph->pNodes + pGraph->nSize++;
+    memset( pNode, 0, sizeof(Kit_Node_t) );
+    return pNode;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates an AND node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdge0, Kit_Edge_t eEdge1 )
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode;
+    // get the new node
+    pNode = Kit_GraphAppendNode( pGraph );
+    // set the inputs and other info
+    pNode->eEdge0 = eEdge0;
+    pNode->eEdge1 = eEdge1;
+    pNode->fCompl0 = eEdge0.fCompl;
+    pNode->fCompl1 = eEdge1.fCompl;
+    return Kit_EdgeCreate( pGraph->nSize - 1, 0 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates an OR node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdge0, Kit_Edge_t eEdge1 )
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode;
+    // get the new node
+    pNode = Kit_GraphAppendNode( pGraph );
+    // set the inputs and other info
+    pNode->eEdge0 = eEdge0;
+    pNode->eEdge1 = eEdge1;
+    pNode->fCompl0 = eEdge0.fCompl;
+    pNode->fCompl1 = eEdge1.fCompl;
+    // make adjustments for the OR gate
+    pNode->fNodeOr = 1;
+    pNode->eEdge0.fCompl = !pNode->eEdge0.fCompl;
+    pNode->eEdge1.fCompl = !pNode->eEdge1.fCompl;
+    return Kit_EdgeCreate( pGraph->nSize - 1, 1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates an XOR node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_GraphAddNodeXor( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdge0, Kit_Edge_t eEdge1, int Type )
+{
+    Kit_Edge_t eNode0, eNode1, eNode;
+    if ( Type == 0 )
+    {
+        // derive the first AND
+        eEdge0.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eNode0 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdge0, eEdge1 );
+        eEdge0.fCompl ^= 1;
+        // derive the second AND
+        eEdge1.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eNode1 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdge0, eEdge1 );
+        // derive the final OR
+        eNode = Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pGraph, eNode0, eNode1 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // derive the first AND
+        eNode0 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdge0, eEdge1 );
+        // derive the second AND
+        eEdge0.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eEdge1.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eNode1 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdge0, eEdge1 );
+        // derive the final OR
+        eNode = Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pGraph, eNode0, eNode1 );
+        eNode.fCompl ^= 1;
+    }
+    return eNode;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates an XOR node.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Edge_t Kit_GraphAddNodeMux( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Edge_t eEdgeC, Kit_Edge_t eEdgeT, Kit_Edge_t eEdgeE, int Type )
+{
+    Kit_Edge_t eNode0, eNode1, eNode;
+    if ( Type == 0 )
+    {
+        // derive the first AND
+        eNode0 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdgeC, eEdgeT );
+        // derive the second AND
+        eEdgeC.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eNode1 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdgeC, eEdgeE );
+        // derive the final OR
+        eNode = Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pGraph, eNode0, eNode1 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // complement the arguments
+        eEdgeT.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eEdgeE.fCompl ^= 1;
+        // derive the first AND
+        eNode0 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdgeC, eEdgeT );
+        // derive the second AND
+        eEdgeC.fCompl ^= 1;
+        eNode1 = Kit_GraphAddNodeAnd( pGraph, eEdgeC, eEdgeE );
+        // derive the final OR
+        eNode = Kit_GraphAddNodeOr( pGraph, eNode0, eNode1 );
+        eNode.fCompl ^= 1;
+    }
+    return eNode;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_GraphToTruth( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )
+{
+    unsigned uTruths[5] = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0xCCCCCCCC, 0xF0F0F0F0, 0xFF00FF00, 0xFFFF0000 };
+    unsigned uTruth = 0, uTruth0, uTruth1;
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode;
+    int i;
+
+    // sanity checks
+    assert( Kit_GraphLeaveNum(pGraph) >= 0 );
+    assert( Kit_GraphLeaveNum(pGraph) <= pGraph->nSize );
+    assert( Kit_GraphLeaveNum(pGraph) <= 5 );
+
+    // check for constant function
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsConst(pGraph) )
+        return Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph)? 0 : ~((unsigned)0);
+    // check for a literal
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsVar(pGraph) )
+        return Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph)? ~uTruths[Kit_GraphVarInt(pGraph)] : uTruths[Kit_GraphVarInt(pGraph)];
+
+    // assign the elementary variables
+    Kit_GraphForEachLeaf( pGraph, pNode, i )
+        pNode->pFunc = (void *)(long)uTruths[i];
+
+    // compute the function for each internal node
+    Kit_GraphForEachNode( pGraph, pNode, i )
+    {
+        uTruth0 = (unsigned)(long)Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge0.Node)->pFunc;
+        uTruth1 = (unsigned)(long)Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge1.Node)->pFunc;
+        uTruth0 = pNode->eEdge0.fCompl? ~uTruth0 : uTruth0;
+        uTruth1 = pNode->eEdge1.fCompl? ~uTruth1 : uTruth1;
+        uTruth = uTruth0 & uTruth1;
+        pNode->pFunc = (void *)(long)uTruth;
+    }
+
+    // complement the result if necessary
+    return Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph)? ~uTruth : uTruth;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the factored form from the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Kit_Graph_t * Kit_TruthToGraph( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    int RetValue;
+    // derive SOP
+    RetValue = Kit_TruthIsop( pTruth, nVars, vMemory, 1 ); // tried 1 and found not useful in "renode"
+    if ( RetValue == -1 )
+        return NULL;
+    if ( Vec_IntSize(vMemory) > 128 )
+        return NULL;
+//    printf( "Isop size = %d.\n", Vec_IntSize(vMemory) );
+    assert( RetValue == 0 || RetValue == 1 );
+    // derive factored form
+    pGraph = Kit_SopFactor( vMemory, RetValue, nVars, vMemory );
+    return pGraph;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the maximum depth from the leaf to the root.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_GraphLeafDepth_rec( Kit_Graph_t * pGraph, Kit_Node_t * pNode, Kit_Node_t * pLeaf )
+{
+    int Depth0, Depth1, Depth;
+    if ( pNode == pLeaf )
+        return 0;
+    if ( Kit_GraphNodeIsVar(pGraph, pNode) )
+        return -100;
+    Depth0 = Kit_GraphLeafDepth_rec( pGraph, Kit_GraphNodeFanin0(pGraph, pNode), pLeaf );
+    Depth1 = Kit_GraphLeafDepth_rec( pGraph, Kit_GraphNodeFanin1(pGraph, pNode), pLeaf );
+    Depth = KIT_MAX( Depth0, Depth1 );
+    Depth = (Depth == -100) ? -100 : Depth + 1;
+    return Depth;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitHop.c b/src/aig/kit/kitHop.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86ec5a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitHop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitHop.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures involving AIGs.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitHop.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+#include "hop.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Transforms the decomposition graph into the AIG.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Hop_Obj_t * Kit_GraphToHopInternal( Hop_Man_t * pMan, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode = NULL;
+    Hop_Obj_t * pAnd0, * pAnd1;
+    int i;
+    // check for constant function
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsConst(pGraph) )
+        return Hop_NotCond( Hop_ManConst1(pMan), Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+    // check for a literal
+    if ( Kit_GraphIsVar(pGraph) )
+        return Hop_NotCond( Kit_GraphVar(pGraph)->pFunc, Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+    // build the AIG nodes corresponding to the AND gates of the graph
+    Kit_GraphForEachNode( pGraph, pNode, i )
+    {
+        pAnd0 = Hop_NotCond( Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge0.Node)->pFunc, pNode->eEdge0.fCompl ); 
+        pAnd1 = Hop_NotCond( Kit_GraphNode(pGraph, pNode->eEdge1.Node)->pFunc, pNode->eEdge1.fCompl ); 
+        pNode->pFunc = Hop_And( pMan, pAnd0, pAnd1 );
+    }
+    // complement the result if necessary
+    return Hop_NotCond( pNode->pFunc, Kit_GraphIsComplement(pGraph) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Strashes one logic node using its SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Hop_Obj_t * Kit_GraphToHop( Hop_Man_t * pMan, Kit_Graph_t * pGraph )
+{
+    Kit_Node_t * pNode = NULL;
+    int i;
+    // collect the fanins
+    Kit_GraphForEachLeaf( pGraph, pNode, i )
+        pNode->pFunc = Hop_IthVar( pMan, i );
+    // perform strashing
+    return Kit_GraphToHopInternal( pMan, pGraph );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Strashed onen logic nodes using its truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Hop_Obj_t * Kit_TruthToHop( Hop_Man_t * pMan, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Hop_Obj_t * pObj;
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    // transform truth table into the decomposition tree
+    if ( vMemory == NULL )
+    {
+        vMemory = Vec_IntAlloc( 0 );
+        pGraph = Kit_TruthToGraph( pTruth, nVars, vMemory );
+        Vec_IntFree( vMemory );
+    }
+    else
+        pGraph = Kit_TruthToGraph( pTruth, nVars, vMemory );
+    // derive the AIG for the decomposition tree
+    pObj = Kit_GraphToHop( pMan, pGraph );
+    Kit_GraphFree( pGraph );
+    return pObj;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Strashes one logic node using its SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Hop_Obj_t * Kit_CoverToHop( Hop_Man_t * pMan, Vec_Int_t * vCover, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    Kit_Graph_t * pGraph;
+    Hop_Obj_t * pFunc;
+    // perform factoring
+    pGraph = Kit_SopFactor( vCover, 0, nVars, vMemory );
+    // convert graph to the AIG
+    pFunc = Kit_GraphToHop( pMan, pGraph );
+    Kit_GraphFree( pGraph );
+    return pFunc;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitIsop.c b/src/aig/kit/kitIsop.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42fae2ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitIsop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitIsop.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [ISOP computation based on Morreale's algorithm.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitIsop.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// ISOP computation fails if intermediate memory usage exceed this limit
+#define KIT_ISOP_MEM_LIMIT  (1<<16)
+
+// static procedures to compute ISOP
+static unsigned * Kit_TruthIsop_rec( unsigned * puOn, unsigned * puOnDc, int nVars, Kit_Sop_t * pcRes, Vec_Int_t * vStore );
+static unsigned   Kit_TruthIsop5_rec( unsigned uOn, unsigned uOnDc, int nVars, Kit_Sop_t * pcRes, Vec_Int_t * vStore );
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes ISOP from TT.]
+
+  Description [Returns the cover in vMemory. Uses the rest of array in vMemory
+  as an intermediate memory storage. Returns the cover with -1 cubes, if the
+  the computation exceeded the memory limit (KIT_ISOP_MEM_LIMIT words of
+  intermediate data).]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthIsop( unsigned * puTruth, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory, int fTryBoth )
+{
+    Kit_Sop_t cRes, * pcRes = &cRes;
+    Kit_Sop_t cRes2, * pcRes2 = &cRes2;
+    unsigned * pResult;
+    int RetValue = 0;
+    assert( nVars >= 0 && nVars < 16 );
+    // if nVars < 5, make sure it does not depend on those vars
+//    for ( i = nVars; i < 5; i++ )
+//        assert( !Kit_TruthVarInSupport(puTruth, 5, i) );
+    // prepare memory manager
+    Vec_IntClear( vMemory );
+    Vec_IntGrow( vMemory, KIT_ISOP_MEM_LIMIT );
+    // compute ISOP for the direct polarity
+    pResult = Kit_TruthIsop_rec( puTruth, puTruth, nVars, pcRes, vMemory );
+    if ( pcRes->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        vMemory->nSize = -1;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    assert( Kit_TruthIsEqual( puTruth, pResult, nVars ) );
+    if ( pcRes->nCubes == 0 || (pcRes->nCubes == 1 && pcRes->pCubes[0] == 0) )
+    {
+        vMemory->pArray[0] = 0;
+        Vec_IntShrink( vMemory, pcRes->nCubes );
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if ( fTryBoth )
+    {
+        // compute ISOP for the complemented polarity
+        Kit_TruthNot( puTruth, puTruth, nVars );
+        pResult = Kit_TruthIsop_rec( puTruth, puTruth, nVars, pcRes2, vMemory );
+        if ( pcRes2->nCubes >= 0 )
+        {
+            assert( Kit_TruthIsEqual( puTruth, pResult, nVars ) );
+            if ( pcRes->nCubes > pcRes2->nCubes )
+            {
+                RetValue = 1;
+                pcRes = pcRes2;
+            }
+        }
+        Kit_TruthNot( puTruth, puTruth, nVars );
+    }
+//    printf( "%d ", vMemory->nSize );
+    // move the cover representation to the beginning of the memory buffer
+    memmove( vMemory->pArray, pcRes->pCubes, pcRes->nCubes * sizeof(unsigned) );
+    Vec_IntShrink( vMemory, pcRes->nCubes );
+    return RetValue;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes ISOP 6 variables or more.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned * Kit_TruthIsop_rec( unsigned * puOn, unsigned * puOnDc, int nVars, Kit_Sop_t * pcRes, Vec_Int_t * vStore )
+{
+    Kit_Sop_t cRes0, cRes1, cRes2;
+    Kit_Sop_t * pcRes0 = &cRes0, * pcRes1 = &cRes1, * pcRes2 = &cRes2;
+    unsigned * puRes0, * puRes1, * puRes2;
+    unsigned * puOn0, * puOn1, * puOnDc0, * puOnDc1, * pTemp, * pTemp0, * pTemp1;
+    int i, k, Var, nWords, nWordsAll;
+//    assert( Kit_TruthIsImply( puOn, puOnDc, nVars ) );
+    // allocate room for the resulting truth table
+    nWordsAll = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    pTemp = Vec_IntFetch( vStore, nWordsAll );
+    if ( pTemp == NULL )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    // check for constants
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsConst0( puOn, nVars ) )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = 0;
+        pcRes->pCubes = NULL;
+        Kit_TruthClear( pTemp, nVars );
+        return pTemp;
+    }
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsConst1( puOnDc, nVars ) )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = 1;
+        pcRes->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vStore, 1 );
+        if ( pcRes->pCubes == NULL )
+        {
+            pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        pcRes->pCubes[0] = 0;
+        Kit_TruthFill( pTemp, nVars );
+        return pTemp;
+    }
+    assert( nVars > 0 );
+    // find the topmost var
+    for ( Var = nVars-1; Var >= 0; Var-- )
+        if ( Kit_TruthVarInSupport( puOn, nVars, Var ) || 
+             Kit_TruthVarInSupport( puOnDc, nVars, Var ) )
+             break;
+    assert( Var >= 0 );
+    // consider a simple case when one-word computation can be used
+    if ( Var < 5 )
+    {
+        unsigned uRes = Kit_TruthIsop5_rec( puOn[0], puOnDc[0], Var+1, pcRes, vStore );
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWordsAll; i++ )
+            pTemp[i] = uRes;
+        return pTemp;
+    }
+    assert( Var >= 5 );
+    nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( Var );
+    // cofactor
+    puOn0   = puOn;    puOn1   = puOn + nWords;
+    puOnDc0 = puOnDc;  puOnDc1 = puOnDc + nWords;
+    pTemp0  = pTemp;   pTemp1  = pTemp + nWords;
+    // solve for cofactors
+    Kit_TruthSharp( pTemp0, puOn0, puOnDc1, Var );
+    puRes0 = Kit_TruthIsop_rec( pTemp0, puOnDc0, Var, pcRes0, vStore );
+    if ( pcRes0->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Kit_TruthSharp( pTemp1, puOn1, puOnDc0, Var );
+    puRes1 = Kit_TruthIsop_rec( pTemp1, puOnDc1, Var, pcRes1, vStore );
+    if ( pcRes1->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Kit_TruthSharp( pTemp0, puOn0, puRes0, Var );
+    Kit_TruthSharp( pTemp1, puOn1, puRes1, Var );
+    Kit_TruthOr( pTemp0, pTemp0, pTemp1, Var );
+    Kit_TruthAnd( pTemp1, puOnDc0, puOnDc1, Var );
+    puRes2 = Kit_TruthIsop_rec( pTemp0, pTemp1, Var, pcRes2, vStore );
+    if ( pcRes2->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    // create the resulting cover
+    pcRes->nCubes = pcRes0->nCubes + pcRes1->nCubes + pcRes2->nCubes;
+    pcRes->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vStore, pcRes->nCubes );
+    if ( pcRes->pCubes == NULL )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    k = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < pcRes0->nCubes; i++ )
+        pcRes->pCubes[k++] = pcRes0->pCubes[i] | (1 << ((Var<<1)+0));
+    for ( i = 0; i < pcRes1->nCubes; i++ )
+        pcRes->pCubes[k++] = pcRes1->pCubes[i] | (1 << ((Var<<1)+1));
+    for ( i = 0; i < pcRes2->nCubes; i++ )
+        pcRes->pCubes[k++] = pcRes2->pCubes[i];
+    assert( k == pcRes->nCubes );
+    // create the resulting truth table
+    Kit_TruthOr( pTemp0, puRes0, puRes2, Var );
+    Kit_TruthOr( pTemp1, puRes1, puRes2, Var );
+    // copy the table if needed
+    nWords <<= 1;
+    for ( i = 1; i < nWordsAll/nWords; i++ )
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k++ )
+            pTemp[i*nWords + k] = pTemp[k];
+    // verify in the end
+//    assert( Kit_TruthIsImply( puOn, pTemp, nVars ) );
+//    assert( Kit_TruthIsImply( pTemp, puOnDc, nVars ) );
+    return pTemp;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes ISOP for 5 variables or less.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_TruthIsop5_rec( unsigned uOn, unsigned uOnDc, int nVars, Kit_Sop_t * pcRes, Vec_Int_t * vStore )
+{
+    unsigned uMasks[5] = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0xCCCCCCCC, 0xF0F0F0F0, 0xFF00FF00, 0xFFFF0000 };
+    Kit_Sop_t cRes0, cRes1, cRes2;
+    Kit_Sop_t * pcRes0 = &cRes0, * pcRes1 = &cRes1, * pcRes2 = &cRes2;
+    unsigned uOn0, uOn1, uOnDc0, uOnDc1, uRes0, uRes1, uRes2;
+    int i, k, Var;
+    assert( nVars <= 5 );
+    assert( (uOn & ~uOnDc) == 0 );
+    if ( uOn == 0 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = 0;
+        pcRes->pCubes = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if ( uOnDc == 0xFFFFFFFF )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = 1;
+        pcRes->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vStore, 1 );
+        if ( pcRes->pCubes == NULL )
+        {
+            pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        pcRes->pCubes[0] = 0;
+        return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    }
+    assert( nVars > 0 );
+    // find the topmost var
+    for ( Var = nVars-1; Var >= 0; Var-- )
+        if ( Kit_TruthVarInSupport( &uOn, 5, Var ) || 
+             Kit_TruthVarInSupport( &uOnDc, 5, Var ) )
+             break;
+    assert( Var >= 0 );
+    // cofactor
+    uOn0   = uOn1   = uOn;
+    uOnDc0 = uOnDc1 = uOnDc;
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0( &uOn0, Var + 1, Var );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1( &uOn1, Var + 1, Var );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0( &uOnDc0, Var + 1, Var );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1( &uOnDc1, Var + 1, Var );
+    // solve for cofactors
+    uRes0 = Kit_TruthIsop5_rec( uOn0 & ~uOnDc1, uOnDc0, Var, pcRes0, vStore );
+    if ( pcRes0->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    uRes1 = Kit_TruthIsop5_rec( uOn1 & ~uOnDc0, uOnDc1, Var, pcRes1, vStore );
+    if ( pcRes1->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    uRes2 = Kit_TruthIsop5_rec( (uOn0 & ~uRes0) | (uOn1 & ~uRes1), uOnDc0 & uOnDc1, Var, pcRes2, vStore );
+    if ( pcRes2->nCubes == -1 )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // create the resulting cover
+    pcRes->nCubes = pcRes0->nCubes + pcRes1->nCubes + pcRes2->nCubes;
+    pcRes->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vStore, pcRes->nCubes );
+    if ( pcRes->pCubes == NULL )
+    {
+        pcRes->nCubes = -1;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    k = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < pcRes0->nCubes; i++ )
+        pcRes->pCubes[k++] = pcRes0->pCubes[i] | (1 << ((Var<<1)+0));
+    for ( i = 0; i < pcRes1->nCubes; i++ )
+        pcRes->pCubes[k++] = pcRes1->pCubes[i] | (1 << ((Var<<1)+1));
+    for ( i = 0; i < pcRes2->nCubes; i++ )
+        pcRes->pCubes[k++] = pcRes2->pCubes[i];
+    assert( k == pcRes->nCubes );
+    // derive the final truth table
+    uRes2 |= (uRes0 & ~uMasks[Var]) | (uRes1 & uMasks[Var]);
+//    assert( (uOn & ~uRes2) == 0 );
+//    assert( (uRes2 & ~uOnDc) == 0 );
+    return uRes2;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitSop.c b/src/aig/kit/kitSop.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20ad0651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitSop.c
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitSop.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures involving SOPs.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitSop.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates SOP from the cube array.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopCreate( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Vec_Int_t * vInput, int nVars, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int i;
+    // start the cover
+    cResult->nCubes = 0;
+    cResult->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, Vec_IntSize(vInput) );
+    // add the cubes
+    Vec_IntForEachEntry( vInput, uCube, i )
+        Kit_SopPushCube( cResult, uCube );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates SOP from the cube array.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopCreateInverse( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Vec_Int_t * vInput, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    unsigned uCube, uMask = 0;
+    int i, nCubes = Vec_IntSize(vInput);
+    // start the cover
+    cResult->nCubes = 0;
+    cResult->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, nCubes );
+    // add the cubes
+//    Vec_IntForEachEntry( vInput, uCube, i )
+    for ( i = 0; i < nCubes; i++ )
+    {
+        uCube = Vec_IntEntry( vInput, i );
+        uMask = ((uCube | (uCube >> 1)) & 0x55555555);
+        uMask |= (uMask << 1);
+        Kit_SopPushCube( cResult, uCube ^ uMask );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Duplicates SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopDup( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int i;
+    // start the cover
+    cResult->nCubes = 0;
+    cResult->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) );
+    // add the cubes
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+        Kit_SopPushCube( cResult, uCube );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Derives the quotient of division by literal.]
+
+  Description [Reduces the cover to be equal to the result of
+  division of the given cover by the literal.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopDivideByLiteralQuo( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int iLit )
+{
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int i, k = 0;
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+    {
+        if ( Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, iLit) )
+            Kit_SopWriteCube( cSop, Kit_CubeRemLit(uCube, iLit), k++ );
+    }
+    Kit_SopShrink( cSop, k );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Divides cover by one cube.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopDivideByCube( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Kit_Sop_t * cDiv, Kit_Sop_t * vQuo, Kit_Sop_t * vRem, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    unsigned uCube, uDiv;
+    int i;
+    // get the only cube
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv) == 1 );
+    uDiv = Kit_SopCube(cDiv, 0);
+    // allocate covers
+    vQuo->nCubes = 0;
+    vQuo->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) );
+    vRem->nCubes = 0;
+    vRem->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) );
+    // sort the cubes
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+    {
+        if ( Kit_CubeContains( uCube, uDiv ) )
+            Kit_SopPushCube( vQuo, Kit_CubeSharp(uCube, uDiv) );
+        else
+            Kit_SopPushCube( vRem, uCube );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Divides cover by one cube.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopDivideInternal( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Kit_Sop_t * cDiv, Kit_Sop_t * vQuo, Kit_Sop_t * vRem, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    unsigned uCube, uDiv, uCube2, uDiv2, uQuo;
+    int i, i2, k, k2, nCubesRem;
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) >= Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv) );
+    // consider special case
+    if ( Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv) == 1 )
+    {
+        Kit_SopDivideByCube( cSop, cDiv, vQuo, vRem, vMemory );
+        return;
+    }
+    // allocate quotient
+    vQuo->nCubes = 0;
+    vQuo->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) / Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv) );
+    // for each cube of the cover
+    // it either belongs to the quotient or to the remainder
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+    {
+        // skip taken cubes
+        if ( Kit_CubeIsMarked(uCube) )
+            continue;
+        // find a matching cube in the divisor
+        uDiv = ~0;
+        Kit_SopForEachCube( cDiv, uDiv, k )
+            if ( Kit_CubeContains( uCube, uDiv ) )
+                break;
+        // the cube is not found 
+        if ( k == Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv) )
+            continue;
+        // the quotient cube exists
+        uQuo = Kit_CubeSharp( uCube, uDiv );
+        // find corresponding cubes for other cubes of the divisor
+        uDiv2 = ~0;
+        Kit_SopForEachCube( cDiv, uDiv2, k2 )
+        {
+            if ( k2 == k )
+                continue;
+            // find a matching cube
+            Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube2, i2 )
+            {
+                // skip taken cubes
+                if ( Kit_CubeIsMarked(uCube2) )
+                    continue;
+                // check if the cube can be used
+                if ( Kit_CubeContains( uCube2, uDiv2 ) && uQuo == Kit_CubeSharp( uCube2, uDiv2 ) )
+                    break;
+            }
+            // the case when the cube is not found
+            if ( i2 == Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) )
+                break;
+        }
+        // we did not find some cubes - continue looking at other cubes
+        if ( k2 != Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv) )
+            continue;
+        // we found all cubes - add the quotient cube
+        Kit_SopPushCube( vQuo, uQuo );
+
+        // mark the first cube
+        Kit_SopWriteCube( cSop, Kit_CubeMark(uCube), i );
+        // mark other cubes that have this quotient
+        Kit_SopForEachCube( cDiv, uDiv2, k2 )
+        {
+            if ( k2 == k )
+                continue;
+            // find a matching cube
+            Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube2, i2 )
+            {
+                // skip taken cubes
+                if ( Kit_CubeIsMarked(uCube2) )
+                    continue;
+                // check if the cube can be used
+                if ( Kit_CubeContains( uCube2, uDiv2 ) && uQuo == Kit_CubeSharp( uCube2, uDiv2 ) )
+                    break;
+            }
+            assert( i2 < Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) );
+            // the cube is found, mark it 
+            // (later we will add all unmarked cubes to the remainder)
+            Kit_SopWriteCube( cSop, Kit_CubeMark(uCube2), i2 );
+        }
+    }
+    // determine the number of cubes in the remainder
+    nCubesRem = Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) - Kit_SopCubeNum(vQuo) * Kit_SopCubeNum(cDiv);
+    // allocate remainder
+    vRem->nCubes = 0;
+    vRem->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, nCubesRem );
+    // finally add the remaining unmarked cubes to the remainder 
+    // and clean the marked cubes in the cover
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+    {
+        if ( !Kit_CubeIsMarked(uCube) )
+        {
+            Kit_SopPushCube( vRem, uCube );
+            continue;
+        }
+        Kit_SopWriteCube( cSop, Kit_CubeUnmark(uCube), i );
+    }
+    assert( nCubesRem == Kit_SopCubeNum(vRem) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the common cube.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+static inline unsigned Kit_SopCommonCube( Kit_Sop_t * cSop )
+{
+    unsigned uMask, uCube;
+    int i;
+    uMask = ~(unsigned)0;
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+        uMask &= uCube;
+    return uMask;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Makes the cover cube-free.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopMakeCubeFree( Kit_Sop_t * cSop )
+{
+    unsigned uMask, uCube;
+    int i;
+    uMask = Kit_SopCommonCube( cSop );
+    if ( uMask == 0 )
+        return;
+    // remove the common cube
+    Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, i )
+        Kit_SopWriteCube( cSop, Kit_CubeSharp(uCube, uMask), i );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Checks if the cover is cube-free.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_SopIsCubeFree( Kit_Sop_t * cSop )
+{
+    return Kit_SopCommonCube( cSop ) == 0;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates SOP composes of the common cube of the given SOP.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopCommonCubeCover( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) > 0 );
+    cResult->nCubes = 0;
+    cResult->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, 1 );
+    Kit_SopPushCube( cResult, Kit_SopCommonCube(cSop) );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Find any literal that occurs more than once.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_SopAnyLiteral( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits )
+{
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int i, k, nLitsCur;
+    // go through each literal
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLits; i++ )
+    {
+        // go through all the cubes
+        nLitsCur = 0;
+        Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, k )
+            if ( Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, i) )
+                nLitsCur++;
+        if ( nLitsCur > 1 )
+            return i;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Find the least often occurring literal.]
+
+  Description [Find the least often occurring literal among those
+  that occur more than once.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_SopWorstLiteral( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits )
+{
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int i, k, iMin, nLitsMin, nLitsCur;
+    int fUseFirst = 1;
+
+    // go through each literal
+    iMin = -1;
+    nLitsMin = 1000000;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLits; i++ )
+    {
+        // go through all the cubes
+        nLitsCur = 0;
+        Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, k )
+            if ( Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, i) )
+                nLitsCur++;
+        // skip the literal that does not occur or occurs once
+        if ( nLitsCur < 2 )
+            continue;
+        // check if this is the best literal
+        if ( fUseFirst )
+        {
+            if ( nLitsMin > nLitsCur )
+            {
+                nLitsMin = nLitsCur;
+                iMin = i;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ( nLitsMin >= nLitsCur )
+            {
+                nLitsMin = nLitsCur;
+                iMin = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ( nLitsMin < 1000000 )
+        return iMin;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Find the least often occurring literal.]
+
+  Description [Find the least often occurring literal among those
+  that occur more than once.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_SopBestLiteral( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits, unsigned uMask )
+{
+    unsigned uCube;
+    int i, k, iMax, nLitsMax, nLitsCur;
+    int fUseFirst = 1;
+
+    // go through each literal
+    iMax = -1;
+    nLitsMax = -1;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLits; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( !Kit_CubeHasLit(uMask, i) )
+            continue;
+        // go through all the cubes
+        nLitsCur = 0;
+        Kit_SopForEachCube( cSop, uCube, k )
+            if ( Kit_CubeHasLit(uCube, i) )
+                nLitsCur++;
+        // skip the literal that does not occur or occurs once
+        if ( nLitsCur < 2 )
+            continue;
+        // check if this is the best literal
+        if ( fUseFirst )
+        {
+            if ( nLitsMax < nLitsCur )
+            {
+                nLitsMax = nLitsCur;
+                iMax = i;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ( nLitsMax <= nLitsCur )
+            {
+                nLitsMax = nLitsCur;
+                iMax = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ( nLitsMax >= 0 )
+        return iMax;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes a level-zero kernel.]
+
+  Description [Modifies the cover to contain one level-zero kernel.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopDivisorZeroKernel_rec( Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits )
+{
+    int iLit;
+    // find any literal that occurs at least two times
+    iLit = Kit_SopWorstLiteral( cSop, nLits );
+    if ( iLit == -1 )
+        return;
+    // derive the cube-free quotient
+    Kit_SopDivideByLiteralQuo( cSop, iLit ); // the same cover
+    Kit_SopMakeCubeFree( cSop );             // the same cover
+    // call recursively
+    Kit_SopDivisorZeroKernel_rec( cSop, nLits );    // the same cover
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes the quick divisor of the cover.]
+
+  Description [Returns 0, if there is no divisor other than trivial.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_SopDivisor( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    if ( Kit_SopCubeNum(cSop) <= 1 )
+        return 0;
+    if ( Kit_SopAnyLiteral( cSop, nLits ) == -1 )
+        return 0;
+    // duplicate the cover
+    Kit_SopDup( cResult, cSop, vMemory );
+    // perform the kerneling
+    Kit_SopDivisorZeroKernel_rec( cResult, nLits );
+    assert( Kit_SopCubeNum(cResult) > 0 );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Create the one-literal cover with the best literal from cSop.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_SopBestLiteralCover( Kit_Sop_t * cResult, Kit_Sop_t * cSop, unsigned uCube, int nLits, Vec_Int_t * vMemory )
+{
+    int iLitBest;
+    // get the best literal
+    iLitBest = Kit_SopBestLiteral( cSop, nLits, uCube );
+    // start the cover
+    cResult->nCubes = 0;
+    cResult->pCubes = Vec_IntFetch( vMemory, 1 );
+    // set the cube
+    Kit_SopPushCube( cResult, Kit_CubeSetLit(0, iLitBest) );
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kitTruth.c b/src/aig/kit/kitTruth.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dab60132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kitTruth.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1721 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kitTruth.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures involving truth tables.]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kitTruth.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Swaps two adjacent variables in the truth table.]
+
+  Description [Swaps var number Start and var number Start+1 (0-based numbers).
+  The input truth table is pIn. The output truth table is pOut.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    static unsigned PMasks[4][3] = {
+        { 0x99999999, 0x22222222, 0x44444444 },
+        { 0xC3C3C3C3, 0x0C0C0C0C, 0x30303030 },
+        { 0xF00FF00F, 0x00F000F0, 0x0F000F00 },
+        { 0xFF0000FF, 0x0000FF00, 0x00FF0000 }
+    };
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step, Shift;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars - 1 );
+    if ( iVar < 4 )
+    {
+        Shift = (1 << iVar);
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & PMasks[iVar][0]) | ((pIn[i] & PMasks[iVar][1]) << Shift) | ((pIn[i] & PMasks[iVar][2]) >> Shift);
+    }
+    else if ( iVar > 4 )
+    {
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 4*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[i] = pIn[i];
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[Step+i] = pIn[2*Step+i];
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[2*Step+i] = pIn[Step+i];
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[3*Step+i] = pIn[3*Step+i];
+            pIn  += 4*Step;
+            pOut += 4*Step;
+        }
+    }
+    else // if ( iVar == 4 )
+    {
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i += 2 )
+        {
+            pOut[i]   = (pIn[i]   & 0x0000FFFF) | ((pIn[i+1] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+            pOut[i+1] = (pIn[i+1] & 0xFFFF0000) | ((pIn[i]   & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Swaps two adjacent variables in the truth table.]
+
+  Description [Swaps var number Start and var number Start+1 (0-based numbers).
+  The input truth table is pIn. The output truth table is pOut.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars2( unsigned * pIn, unsigned * pOut, int nVars, int Start )
+{
+    int nWords = (nVars <= 5)? 1 : (1 << (nVars-5));
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( Start < nVars - 1 );
+    switch ( Start )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0x99999999) | ((pIn[i] & 0x22222222) << 1) | ((pIn[i] & 0x44444444) >> 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xC3C3C3C3) | ((pIn[i] & 0x0C0C0C0C) << 2) | ((pIn[i] & 0x30303030) >> 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xF00FF00F) | ((pIn[i] & 0x00F000F0) << 4) | ((pIn[i] & 0x0F000F00) >> 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xFF0000FF) | ((pIn[i] & 0x0000FF00) << 8) | ((pIn[i] & 0x00FF0000) >> 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i += 2 )
+        {
+            pOut[i]   = (pIn[i]   & 0x0000FFFF) | ((pIn[i+1] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+            pOut[i+1] = (pIn[i+1] & 0xFFFF0000) | ((pIn[i]   & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+        }
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (Start - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 4*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[i] = pIn[i];
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[Step+i] = pIn[2*Step+i];
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[2*Step+i] = pIn[Step+i];
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[3*Step+i] = pIn[3*Step+i];
+            pIn  += 4*Step;
+            pOut += 4*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Expands the truth table according to the phase.]
+
+  Description [The input and output truth tables are in pIn/pOut. The current number
+  of variables is nVars. The total number of variables in nVarsAll. The last argument
+  (Phase) contains shows where the variables should go.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthStretch( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int nVarsAll, unsigned Phase, int fReturnIn )
+{
+    unsigned * pTemp;
+    int i, k, Var = nVars - 1, Counter = 0;
+    for ( i = nVarsAll - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
+        if ( Phase & (1 << i) )
+        {
+            for ( k = Var; k < i; k++ )
+            {
+                Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( pOut, pIn, nVarsAll, k );
+                pTemp = pIn; pIn = pOut; pOut = pTemp;
+                Counter++;
+            }
+            Var--;
+        }
+    assert( Var == -1 );
+    // swap if it was moved an even number of times
+    if ( fReturnIn ^ !(Counter & 1) )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( pOut, pIn, nVarsAll );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Shrinks the truth table according to the phase.]
+
+  Description [The input and output truth tables are in pIn/pOut. The current number
+  of variables is nVars. The total number of variables in nVarsAll. The last argument
+  (Phase) contains shows what variables should remain.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthShrink( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int nVarsAll, unsigned Phase, int fReturnIn )
+{
+    unsigned * pTemp;
+    int i, k, Var = 0, Counter = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVarsAll; i++ )
+        if ( Phase & (1 << i) )
+        {
+            for ( k = i-1; k >= Var; k-- )
+            {
+                Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( pOut, pIn, nVarsAll, k );
+                pTemp = pIn; pIn = pOut; pOut = pTemp;
+                Counter++;
+            }
+            Var++;
+        }
+    assert( Var == nVars );
+    // swap if it was moved an even number of times
+    if ( fReturnIn ^ !(Counter & 1) )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( pOut, pIn, nVarsAll );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns 1 if TT depends on the given variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthVarInSupport( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            if ( (pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) != ((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1) )
+                return 1;
+        return 0;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            if ( (pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) != ((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2) )
+                return 1;
+        return 0;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            if ( (pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) != ((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4) )
+                return 1;
+        return 0;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            if ( (pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) != ((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) )
+                return 1;
+        return 0;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            if ( (pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) != ((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) )
+                return 1;
+        return 0;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                if ( pTruth[i] != pTruth[Step+i] )
+                    return 1;
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the number of support vars.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthSupportSize( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    int i, Counter = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+        Counter += Kit_TruthVarInSupport( pTruth, nVars, i );
+    return Counter;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns support of the function.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_TruthSupport( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars )
+{
+    int i, Support = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+        if ( Kit_TruthVarInSupport( pTruth, nVars, i ) )
+            Support |= (1 << i);
+    return Support;
+}
+
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes negative cofactor of the function.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCofactor0( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pTruth[Step+i] = pTruth[i];
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes positive cofactor of the function.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCofactor1( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = (pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pTruth[i] = pTruth[Step+i];
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes positive cofactor of the function.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCofactor0New( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0x55555555) | ((pIn[i] & 0x55555555) << 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0x33333333) | ((pIn[i] & 0x33333333) << 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) | ((pIn[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0x00FF00FF) | ((pIn[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0x0000FFFF) | ((pIn[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[i] = pOut[Step+i] = pIn[i];
+            pIn += 2*Step;
+            pOut += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes positive cofactor of the function.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCofactor1New( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pIn, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) | ((pIn[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) | ((pIn[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) | ((pIn[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xFF00FF00) | ((pIn[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pIn[i] & 0xFFFF0000) | ((pIn[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+                pOut[i] = pOut[Step+i] = pIn[Step+i];
+            pIn += 2*Step;
+            pOut += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Existentially quantifies the variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthExist( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] |=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] |=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] |=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] |=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] |=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pTruth[i]     |= pTruth[Step+i];
+                pTruth[Step+i] = pTruth[i];
+            }
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Existentially quantifies the variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthExistNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] | ((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] | ((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] | ((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] | ((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] | ((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pRes[i]      = pTruth[i] | pTruth[Step+i];
+                pRes[Step+i] = pRes[i];
+            }
+            pRes += 2*Step;
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Existantially quantifies the set of variables.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthExistSet( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned uMask )
+{
+    int v;
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pRes, pTruth, nVars );
+    for ( v = 0; v < nVars; v++ )
+        if ( uMask & (1 << v) )
+            Kit_TruthExist( pRes, nVars, v );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Unversally quantifies the variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthForall( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] &=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] &=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] &=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] &=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] &=  ((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pTruth[i]     &= pTruth[Step+i];
+                pTruth[Step+i] = pTruth[i];
+            }
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Universally quantifies the variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthForallNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] & (((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1));
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] & (((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2));
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] & (((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4));
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] & (((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8));
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] & (((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16));
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pRes[i]      = pTruth[i] & pTruth[Step+i];
+                pRes[Step+i] = pRes[i];
+            }
+            pRes += 2*Step;
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Universally quantifies the variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthUniqueNew( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] ^ (((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1));
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] ^ (((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2));
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] ^ (((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4));
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] ^ (((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8));
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pRes[i] =  pTruth[i] ^ (((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16));
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pRes[i]      = pTruth[i] ^ pTruth[Step+i];
+                pRes[Step+i] = pRes[i];
+            }
+            pRes += 2*Step;
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Universally quantifies the set of variables.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthForallSet( unsigned * pRes, unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned uMask )
+{
+    int v;
+    Kit_TruthCopy( pRes, pTruth, nVars );
+    for ( v = 0; v < nVars; v++ )
+        if ( uMask & (1 << v) )
+            Kit_TruthForall( pRes, nVars, v );
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Multiplexes two functions with the given variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthMuxVar( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pCof0[i] & 0x55555555) | (pCof1[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pCof0[i] & 0x33333333) | (pCof1[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pCof0[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) | (pCof1[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pCof0[i] & 0x00FF00FF) | (pCof1[i] & 0xFF00FF00);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (pCof0[i] & 0x0000FFFF) | (pCof1[i] & 0xFFFF0000);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pOut[i]      = pCof0[i];
+                pOut[Step+i] = pCof1[Step+i];
+            }
+            pOut += 2*Step;
+            pCof0 += 2*Step;
+            pCof1 += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Multiplexes two functions with the given variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthMuxVarPhase( unsigned * pOut, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1, int nVars, int iVar, int fCompl0 )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+
+    if ( fCompl0 == 0 )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthMuxVar( pOut, pCof0, pCof1, nVars, iVar );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (~pCof0[i] & 0x55555555) | (pCof1[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (~pCof0[i] & 0x33333333) | (pCof1[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (~pCof0[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) | (pCof1[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (~pCof0[i] & 0x00FF00FF) | (pCof1[i] & 0xFF00FF00);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pOut[i] = (~pCof0[i] & 0x0000FFFF) | (pCof1[i] & 0xFFFF0000);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                pOut[i]      = ~pCof0[i];
+                pOut[Step+i] = pCof1[Step+i];
+            }
+            pOut += 2*Step;
+            pCof0 += 2*Step;
+            pCof1 += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Checks symmetry of two variables.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthVarsSymm( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar0, int iVar1 )
+{
+    static unsigned uTemp0[16], uTemp1[16];
+    assert( nVars <= 9 );
+    // compute Cof01
+    Kit_TruthCopy( uTemp0, pTruth, nVars );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0( uTemp0, nVars, iVar0 );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1( uTemp0, nVars, iVar1 );
+    // compute Cof10
+    Kit_TruthCopy( uTemp1, pTruth, nVars );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1( uTemp1, nVars, iVar0 );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0( uTemp1, nVars, iVar1 );
+    // compare
+    return Kit_TruthIsEqual( uTemp0, uTemp1, nVars );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Checks antisymmetry of two variables.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthVarsAntiSymm( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar0, int iVar1 )
+{
+    static unsigned uTemp0[16], uTemp1[16];
+    assert( nVars <= 9 );
+    // compute Cof00
+    Kit_TruthCopy( uTemp0, pTruth, nVars );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0( uTemp0, nVars, iVar0 );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0( uTemp0, nVars, iVar1 );
+    // compute Cof11
+    Kit_TruthCopy( uTemp1, pTruth, nVars );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1( uTemp1, nVars, iVar0 );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1( uTemp1, nVars, iVar1 );
+    // compare
+    return Kit_TruthIsEqual( uTemp0, uTemp1, nVars );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Changes phase of the function w.r.t. one variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthChangePhase( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int iVar )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Step;
+    unsigned Temp;
+
+    assert( iVar < nVars );
+    switch ( iVar )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = ((pTruth[i] & 0x55555555) << 1) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >> 1);
+        return;
+    case 1:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = ((pTruth[i] & 0x33333333) << 2) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >> 2);
+        return;
+    case 2:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = ((pTruth[i] & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >> 4);
+        return;
+    case 3:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = ((pTruth[i] & 0x00FF00FF) << 8) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xFF00FF00) >> 8);
+        return;
+    case 4:
+        for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+            pTruth[i] = ((pTruth[i] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16) | ((pTruth[i] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+        return;
+    default:
+        Step = (1 << (iVar - 5));
+        for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k += 2*Step )
+        {
+            for ( i = 0; i < Step; i++ )
+            {
+                Temp = pTruth[i];
+                pTruth[i] = pTruth[Step+i];
+                pTruth[Step+i] = Temp;
+            }
+            pTruth += 2*Step;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Computes minimum overlap in supports of cofactors.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthMinCofSuppOverlap( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pVarMin )
+{
+    static unsigned uCofactor[16];
+    int i, ValueCur, ValueMin, VarMin;
+    unsigned uSupp0, uSupp1;
+    int nVars0, nVars1;
+    assert( nVars <= 9 );
+    ValueMin = 32;
+    VarMin   = -1;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        // get negative cofactor
+        Kit_TruthCopy( uCofactor, pTruth, nVars );
+        Kit_TruthCofactor0( uCofactor, nVars, i );
+        uSupp0 = Kit_TruthSupport( uCofactor, nVars );
+        nVars0 = Kit_WordCountOnes( uSupp0 );
+//Kit_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp0, 8 ); printf( "\n" );
+        // get positive cofactor
+        Kit_TruthCopy( uCofactor, pTruth, nVars );
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1( uCofactor, nVars, i );
+        uSupp1 = Kit_TruthSupport( uCofactor, nVars );
+        nVars1 = Kit_WordCountOnes( uSupp1 );
+//Kit_PrintBinary( stdout, &uSupp1, 8 ); printf( "\n" );
+        // get the number of common vars
+        ValueCur = Kit_WordCountOnes( uSupp0 & uSupp1 );
+        if ( ValueMin > ValueCur && nVars0 <= 5 && nVars1 <= 5 )
+        {
+            ValueMin = ValueCur;
+            VarMin = i;
+        }
+        if ( ValueMin == 0 )
+            break;
+    }
+    if ( pVarMin )
+        *pVarMin = VarMin;
+    return ValueMin;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Find the best cofactoring variable.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthBestCofVar( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, unsigned * pCof0, unsigned * pCof1 )
+{
+    int i, iBestVar, nSuppSizeCur0, nSuppSizeCur1, nSuppSizeCur, nSuppSizeMin;
+    if ( Kit_TruthIsConst0(pTruth, nVars) || Kit_TruthIsConst1(pTruth, nVars) )
+        return -1;
+    // iterate through variables
+    iBestVar = -1;
+    nSuppSizeMin = KIT_INFINITY;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        // cofactor the functiona and get support sizes
+        Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCof0, pTruth, nVars, i );
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCof1, pTruth, nVars, i );
+        nSuppSizeCur0 = Kit_TruthSupportSize( pCof0, nVars );
+        nSuppSizeCur1 = Kit_TruthSupportSize( pCof1, nVars );
+        nSuppSizeCur  = nSuppSizeCur0 + nSuppSizeCur1;
+        // compare this variable with other variables
+        if ( nSuppSizeMin > nSuppSizeCur ) 
+        {
+            nSuppSizeMin = nSuppSizeCur;
+            iBestVar = i;
+        }
+    }
+    assert( iBestVar != -1 );
+    // cofactor w.r.t. this variable
+    Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pCof0, pTruth, nVars, iBestVar );
+    Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pCof1, pTruth, nVars, iBestVar );
+    return iBestVar;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of 1's in each cofactor.]
+
+  Description [The resulting numbers are stored in the array of shorts, 
+  whose length is 2*nVars. The number of 1's is counted in a different
+  space than the original function. For example, if the function depends 
+  on k variables, the cofactors are assumed to depend on k-1 variables.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofs( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, short * pStore )
+{
+    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, k, Counter;
+    memset( pStore, 0, sizeof(short) * 2 * nVars );
+    if ( nVars <= 5 )
+    {
+        if ( nVars > 0 )
+        {
+            pStore[2*0+0] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0x55555555 );
+            pStore[2*0+1] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0xAAAAAAAA );
+        }
+        if ( nVars > 1 )
+        {
+            pStore[2*1+0] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0x33333333 );
+            pStore[2*1+1] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0xCCCCCCCC );
+        }
+        if ( nVars > 2 )
+        {
+            pStore[2*2+0] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0x0F0F0F0F );
+            pStore[2*2+1] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0xF0F0F0F0 );
+        }
+        if ( nVars > 3 )
+        {
+            pStore[2*3+0] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0x00FF00FF );
+            pStore[2*3+1] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0xFF00FF00 );
+        }
+        if ( nVars > 4 )
+        {
+            pStore[2*4+0] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0x0000FFFF );
+            pStore[2*4+1] = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[0] & 0xFFFF0000 );
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    // nVars >= 6
+    // count 1's for all other variables
+    for ( k = 0; k < nWords; k++ )
+    {
+        Counter = Kit_WordCountOnes( pTruth[k] );
+        for ( i = 5; i < nVars; i++ )
+            if ( k & (1 << (i-5)) )
+                pStore[2*i+1] += Counter;
+            else
+                pStore[2*i+0] += Counter;
+    }
+    // count 1's for the first five variables
+    for ( k = 0; k < nWords/2; k++ )
+    {
+        pStore[2*0+0] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0x55555555) | ((pTruth[1] & 0x55555555) <<  1) );
+        pStore[2*0+1] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0xAAAAAAAA) | ((pTruth[1] & 0xAAAAAAAA) >>  1) );
+        pStore[2*1+0] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0x33333333) | ((pTruth[1] & 0x33333333) <<  2) );
+        pStore[2*1+1] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0xCCCCCCCC) | ((pTruth[1] & 0xCCCCCCCC) >>  2) );
+        pStore[2*2+0] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0x0F0F0F0F) | ((pTruth[1] & 0x0F0F0F0F) <<  4) );
+        pStore[2*2+1] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0xF0F0F0F0) | ((pTruth[1] & 0xF0F0F0F0) >>  4) );
+        pStore[2*3+0] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0x00FF00FF) | ((pTruth[1] & 0x00FF00FF) <<  8) );
+        pStore[2*3+1] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0xFF00FF00) | ((pTruth[1] & 0xFF00FF00) >>  8) );
+        pStore[2*4+0] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0x0000FFFF) | ((pTruth[1] & 0x0000FFFF) << 16) );
+        pStore[2*4+1] += Kit_WordCountOnes( (pTruth[0] & 0xFFFF0000) | ((pTruth[1] & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) );
+        pTruth += 2;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Counts the number of 1's in each cofactor.]
+
+  Description [Verifies the above procedure.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofsSlow( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, short * pStore, unsigned * pAux )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        Kit_TruthCofactor0New( pAux, pTruth, nVars, i );
+        pStore[2*i+0] = Kit_TruthCountOnes( pAux, nVars ) / 2;
+        Kit_TruthCofactor1New( pAux, pTruth, nVars, i );
+        pStore[2*i+1] = Kit_TruthCountOnes( pAux, nVars ) / 2;
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Canonicize the truth table.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_TruthHash( unsigned * pIn, int nWords )
+{
+    // The 1,024 smallest prime numbers used to compute the hash value
+    // http://www.math.utah.edu/~alfeld/math/primelist.html
+    static int HashPrimes[1024] = { 2, 3, 5, 
+    7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 
+    101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 
+    193, 197, 199, 211, 223, 227, 229, 233, 239, 241, 251, 257, 263, 269, 271, 277, 281, 283, 
+    293, 307, 311, 313, 317, 331, 337, 347, 349, 353, 359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 397, 401, 
+    409, 419, 421, 431, 433, 439, 443, 449, 457, 461, 463, 467, 479, 487, 491, 499, 503, 509, 
+    521, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 569, 571, 577, 587, 593, 599, 601, 607, 613, 617, 619, 631, 
+    641, 643, 647, 653, 659, 661, 673, 677, 683, 691, 701, 709, 719, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 
+    757, 761, 769, 773, 787, 797, 809, 811, 821, 823, 827, 829, 839, 853, 857, 859, 863, 877, 
+    881, 883, 887, 907, 911, 919, 929, 937, 941, 947, 953, 967, 971, 977, 983, 991, 997, 
+    1009, 1013, 1019, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087, 1091, 
+    1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153, 1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 
+    1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229, 1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 
+    1297, 1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381, 1399, 1409, 1423, 
+    1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 
+    1499, 1511, 1523, 1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597, 1601, 
+    1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663, 1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 
+    1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 
+    1823, 1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901, 1907, 1913, 1931, 
+    1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2011, 2017, 2027, 2029, 
+    2039, 2053, 2063, 2069, 2081, 2083, 2087, 2089, 2099, 2111, 2113, 2129, 2131, 2137, 
+    2141, 2143, 2153, 2161, 2179, 2203, 2207, 2213, 2221, 2237, 2239, 2243, 2251, 2267, 
+    2269, 2273, 2281, 2287, 2293, 2297, 2309, 2311, 2333, 2339, 2341, 2347, 2351, 2357, 
+    2371, 2377, 2381, 2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423, 2437, 2441, 2447, 2459, 
+    2467, 2473, 2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539, 2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 
+    2609, 2617, 2621, 2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689, 2693, 
+    2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741, 2749, 2753, 2767, 2777, 2789, 2791, 
+    2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833, 2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887, 2897, 2903, 
+    2909, 2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999, 3001, 3011, 3019, 3023, 
+    3037, 3041, 3049, 3061, 3067, 3079, 3083, 3089, 3109, 3119, 3121, 3137, 3163, 3167, 
+    3169, 3181, 3187, 3191, 3203, 3209, 3217, 3221, 3229, 3251, 3253, 3257, 3259, 3271, 
+    3299, 3301, 3307, 3313, 3319, 3323, 3329, 3331, 3343, 3347, 3359, 3361, 3371, 3373, 
+    3389, 3391, 3407, 3413, 3433, 3449, 3457, 3461, 3463, 3467, 3469, 3491, 3499, 3511, 
+    3517, 3527, 3529, 3533, 3539, 3541, 3547, 3557, 3559, 3571, 3581, 3583, 3593, 3607, 
+    3613, 3617, 3623, 3631, 3637, 3643, 3659, 3671, 3673, 3677, 3691, 3697, 3701, 3709, 
+    3719, 3727, 3733, 3739, 3761, 3767, 3769, 3779, 3793, 3797, 3803, 3821, 3823, 3833, 
+    3847, 3851, 3853, 3863, 3877, 3881, 3889, 3907, 3911, 3917, 3919, 3923, 3929, 3931, 
+    3943, 3947, 3967, 3989, 4001, 4003, 4007, 4013, 4019, 4021, 4027, 4049, 4051, 4057, 
+    4073, 4079, 4091, 4093, 4099, 4111, 4127, 4129, 4133, 4139, 4153, 4157, 4159, 4177, 
+    4201, 4211, 4217, 4219, 4229, 4231, 4241, 4243, 4253, 4259, 4261, 4271, 4273, 4283, 
+    4289, 4297, 4327, 4337, 4339, 4349, 4357, 4363, 4373, 4391, 4397, 4409, 4421, 4423, 
+    4441, 4447, 4451, 4457, 4463, 4481, 4483, 4493, 4507, 4513, 4517, 4519, 4523, 4547, 
+    4549, 4561, 4567, 4583, 4591, 4597, 4603, 4621, 4637, 4639, 4643, 4649, 4651, 4657, 
+    4663, 4673, 4679, 4691, 4703, 4721, 4723, 4729, 4733, 4751, 4759, 4783, 4787, 4789, 
+    4793, 4799, 4801, 4813, 4817, 4831, 4861, 4871, 4877, 4889, 4903, 4909, 4919, 4931, 
+    4933, 4937, 4943, 4951, 4957, 4967, 4969, 4973, 4987, 4993, 4999, 5003, 5009, 5011, 
+    5021, 5023, 5039, 5051, 5059, 5077, 5081, 5087, 5099, 5101, 5107, 5113, 5119, 5147, 
+    5153, 5167, 5171, 5179, 5189, 5197, 5209, 5227, 5231, 5233, 5237, 5261, 5273, 5279, 
+    5281, 5297, 5303, 5309, 5323, 5333, 5347, 5351, 5381, 5387, 5393, 5399, 5407, 5413, 
+    5417, 5419, 5431, 5437, 5441, 5443, 5449, 5471, 5477, 5479, 5483, 5501, 5503, 5507, 
+    5519, 5521, 5527, 5531, 5557, 5563, 5569, 5573, 5581, 5591, 5623, 5639, 5641, 5647, 
+    5651, 5653, 5657, 5659, 5669, 5683, 5689, 5693, 5701, 5711, 5717, 5737, 5741, 5743, 
+    5749, 5779, 5783, 5791, 5801, 5807, 5813, 5821, 5827, 5839, 5843, 5849, 5851, 5857, 
+    5861, 5867, 5869, 5879, 5881, 5897, 5903, 5923, 5927, 5939, 5953, 5981, 5987, 6007, 
+    6011, 6029, 6037, 6043, 6047, 6053, 6067, 6073, 6079, 6089, 6091, 6101, 6113, 6121, 
+    6131, 6133, 6143, 6151, 6163, 6173, 6197, 6199, 6203, 6211, 6217, 6221, 6229, 6247, 
+    6257, 6263, 6269, 6271, 6277, 6287, 6299, 6301, 6311, 6317, 6323, 6329, 6337, 6343, 
+    6353, 6359, 6361, 6367, 6373, 6379, 6389, 6397, 6421, 6427, 6449, 6451, 6469, 6473, 
+    6481, 6491, 6521, 6529, 6547, 6551, 6553, 6563, 6569, 6571, 6577, 6581, 6599, 6607, 
+    6619, 6637, 6653, 6659, 6661, 6673, 6679, 6689, 6691, 6701, 6703, 6709, 6719, 6733, 
+    6737, 6761, 6763, 6779, 6781, 6791, 6793, 6803, 6823, 6827, 6829, 6833, 6841, 6857, 
+    6863, 6869, 6871, 6883, 6899, 6907, 6911, 6917, 6947, 6949, 6959, 6961, 6967, 6971, 
+    6977, 6983, 6991, 6997, 7001, 7013, 7019, 7027, 7039, 7043, 7057, 7069, 7079, 7103, 
+    7109, 7121, 7127, 7129, 7151, 7159, 7177, 7187, 7193, 7207, 7211, 7213, 7219, 7229, 
+    7237, 7243, 7247, 7253, 7283, 7297, 7307, 7309, 7321, 7331, 7333, 7349, 7351, 7369, 
+    7393, 7411, 7417, 7433, 7451, 7457, 7459, 7477, 7481, 7487, 7489, 7499, 7507, 7517, 
+    7523, 7529, 7537, 7541, 7547, 7549, 7559, 7561, 7573, 7577, 7583, 7589, 7591, 7603, 
+    7607, 7621, 7639, 7643, 7649, 7669, 7673, 7681, 7687, 7691, 7699, 7703, 7717, 7723, 
+    7727, 7741, 7753, 7757, 7759, 7789, 7793, 7817, 7823, 7829, 7841, 7853, 7867, 7873, 
+    7877, 7879, 7883, 7901, 7907, 7919, 7927, 7933, 7937, 7949, 7951, 7963, 7993, 8009, 
+    8011, 8017, 8039, 8053, 8059, 8069, 8081, 8087, 8089, 8093, 8101, 8111, 8117, 8123, 
+    8147, 8161 };
+    int i;
+    unsigned uHashKey;
+    assert( nWords <= 1024 );
+    uHashKey = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nWords; i++ )
+        uHashKey ^= HashPrimes[i] * pIn[i];
+    return uHashKey;
+}
+
+ 
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Canonicize the truth table.]
+
+  Description [Returns the phase. ]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Kit_TruthSemiCanonicize( unsigned * pInOut, unsigned * pAux, int nVars, char * pCanonPerm, short * pStore )
+{
+//    short pStore2[32];
+    unsigned * pIn = pInOut, * pOut = pAux, * pTemp;
+//    int nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    int i, Temp, fChange, Counter;//, nOnes;//, k, j, w, Limit;
+    unsigned uCanonPhase;
+
+    // canonicize output
+    uCanonPhase = 0;
+/*
+    nOnes = Kit_TruthCountOnes(pIn, nVars);
+    if ( (nOnes > nWords * 16) )//|| ((nOnes == nWords * 16) && (pIn[0] & 1)) )
+    {
+        uCanonPhase |= (1 << nVars);
+        Kit_TruthNot( pIn, pIn, nVars );
+    }
+*/
+    // collect the minterm counts
+    Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofs( pIn, nVars, pStore );
+//    Kit_TruthCountOnesInCofsSlow( pIn, nVars, pStore2, pAux );
+//    for ( i = 0; i < 2*nVars; i++ )
+//    {
+//        assert( pStore[i] == pStore2[i] );
+//    }
+
+    // canonicize phase
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pStore[2*i+0] >= pStore[2*i+1] )
+            continue;
+        uCanonPhase |= (1 << i);
+        Temp = pStore[2*i+0];
+        pStore[2*i+0] = pStore[2*i+1];
+        pStore[2*i+1] = Temp;
+        Kit_TruthChangePhase( pIn, nVars, i );
+    }
+
+//    Kit_PrintHexadecimal( stdout, pIn, nVars );
+//    printf( "\n" );
+
+    // permute
+    Counter = 0;
+    do {
+        fChange = 0;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nVars-1; i++ )
+        {
+            if ( pStore[2*i] >= pStore[2*(i+1)] )
+                continue;
+            Counter++;
+            fChange = 1;
+
+            Temp = pCanonPerm[i];
+            pCanonPerm[i] = pCanonPerm[i+1];
+            pCanonPerm[i+1] = Temp;
+
+            Temp = pStore[2*i];
+            pStore[2*i] = pStore[2*(i+1)];
+            pStore[2*(i+1)] = Temp;
+
+            Temp = pStore[2*i+1];
+            pStore[2*i+1] = pStore[2*(i+1)+1];
+            pStore[2*(i+1)+1] = Temp;
+
+            // if the polarity of variables is different, swap them
+            if ( ((uCanonPhase & (1 << i)) > 0) != ((uCanonPhase & (1 << (i+1))) > 0) )
+            {
+                uCanonPhase ^= (1 << i);
+                uCanonPhase ^= (1 << (i+1));
+            }
+
+            Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( pOut, pIn, nVars, i );
+            pTemp = pIn; pIn = pOut; pOut = pTemp;
+        }
+    } while ( fChange );
+
+/*
+    Extra_PrintBinary( stdout, &uCanonPhase, nVars+1 ); printf( " : " );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars; i++ )
+        printf( "%d=%d/%d  ", pCanonPerm[i], pStore[2*i], pStore[2*i+1] );
+    printf( "  C = %d\n", Counter );
+    Extra_PrintHexadecimal( stdout, pIn, nVars );
+    printf( "\n" );
+*/
+
+/*
+    // process symmetric variable groups
+    uSymms = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars-1; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pStore[2*i] != pStore[2*(i+1)] ) // i and i+1 cannot be symmetric
+            continue;
+        if ( pStore[2*i] != pStore[2*i+1] )
+            continue;
+        if ( Kit_TruthVarsSymm( pIn, nVars, i, i+1 ) )
+            continue;
+        if ( Kit_TruthVarsAntiSymm( pIn, nVars, i, i+1 ) )
+            Kit_TruthChangePhase( pIn, nVars, i+1 );
+    }
+*/
+
+/*
+    // process symmetric variable groups
+    uSymms = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < nVars-1; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( pStore[2*i] != pStore[2*(i+1)] ) // i and i+1 cannot be symmetric
+            continue;
+        // i and i+1 can be symmetric
+        // find the end of this group
+        for ( k = i+1; k < nVars; k++ )
+            if ( pStore[2*i] != pStore[2*k] ) 
+                break;
+        Limit = k;
+        assert( i < Limit-1 );
+        // go through the variables in this group
+        for ( j = i + 1; j < Limit; j++ )
+        {
+            // check symmetry
+            if ( Kit_TruthVarsSymm( pIn, nVars, i, j ) )
+            {
+                uSymms |= (1 << j);
+                continue;
+            }
+            // they are phase-unknown
+            if ( pStore[2*i] == pStore[2*i+1] ) 
+            {
+                if ( Kit_TruthVarsAntiSymm( pIn, nVars, i, j ) )
+                {
+                    Kit_TruthChangePhase( pIn, nVars, j );
+                    uCanonPhase ^= (1 << j);
+                    uSymms |= (1 << j);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // they are not symmetric - move j as far as it goes in the group
+            for ( k = j; k < Limit-1; k++ )
+            {
+                Counter++;
+
+                Temp = pCanonPerm[k];
+                pCanonPerm[k] = pCanonPerm[k+1];
+                pCanonPerm[k+1] = Temp;
+
+                assert( pStore[2*k] == pStore[2*(k+1)] );
+                Kit_TruthSwapAdjacentVars( pOut, pIn, nVars, k );
+                pTemp = pIn; pIn = pOut; pOut = pTemp;
+            }
+            Limit--;
+            j--;
+        }
+        i = Limit - 1;
+    }
+*/
+
+    // swap if it was moved an even number of times
+    if ( Counter & 1 )
+        Kit_TruthCopy( pOut, pIn, nVars );
+    return uCanonPhase;
+}
+
+ 
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Fast counting minterms in the cofactors of a function.]
+
+  Description [Returns the total number of minterms in the function.
+  The resulting array (pRes) contains the number of minterms in 0-cofactor
+  w.r.t. each variables. The additional array (pBytes) is used for internal 
+  storage. It should have the size equal to the number of truth table bytes.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Kit_TruthCountMinterms( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int * pRes, int * pBytes )
+{
+    // the number of 1s if every byte as well as in the 0-cofactors w.r.t. three variables
+    static unsigned Table[256] = {
+        0x00000000, 0x01010101, 0x01010001, 0x02020102, 0x01000101, 0x02010202, 0x02010102, 0x03020203,
+        0x01000001, 0x02010102, 0x02010002, 0x03020103, 0x02000102, 0x03010203, 0x03010103, 0x04020204,
+        0x00010101, 0x01020202, 0x01020102, 0x02030203, 0x01010202, 0x02020303, 0x02020203, 0x03030304,
+        0x01010102, 0x02020203, 0x02020103, 0x03030204, 0x02010203, 0x03020304, 0x03020204, 0x04030305,
+        0x00010001, 0x01020102, 0x01020002, 0x02030103, 0x01010102, 0x02020203, 0x02020103, 0x03030204,
+        0x01010002, 0x02020103, 0x02020003, 0x03030104, 0x02010103, 0x03020204, 0x03020104, 0x04030205,
+        0x00020102, 0x01030203, 0x01030103, 0x02040204, 0x01020203, 0x02030304, 0x02030204, 0x03040305,
+        0x01020103, 0x02030204, 0x02030104, 0x03040205, 0x02020204, 0x03030305, 0x03030205, 0x04040306,
+        0x00000101, 0x01010202, 0x01010102, 0x02020203, 0x01000202, 0x02010303, 0x02010203, 0x03020304,
+        0x01000102, 0x02010203, 0x02010103, 0x03020204, 0x02000203, 0x03010304, 0x03010204, 0x04020305,
+        0x00010202, 0x01020303, 0x01020203, 0x02030304, 0x01010303, 0x02020404, 0x02020304, 0x03030405,
+        0x01010203, 0x02020304, 0x02020204, 0x03030305, 0x02010304, 0x03020405, 0x03020305, 0x04030406,
+        0x00010102, 0x01020203, 0x01020103, 0x02030204, 0x01010203, 0x02020304, 0x02020204, 0x03030305,
+        0x01010103, 0x02020204, 0x02020104, 0x03030205, 0x02010204, 0x03020305, 0x03020205, 0x04030306,
+        0x00020203, 0x01030304, 0x01030204, 0x02040305, 0x01020304, 0x02030405, 0x02030305, 0x03040406,
+        0x01020204, 0x02030305, 0x02030205, 0x03040306, 0x02020305, 0x03030406, 0x03030306, 0x04040407,
+        0x00000001, 0x01010102, 0x01010002, 0x02020103, 0x01000102, 0x02010203, 0x02010103, 0x03020204,
+        0x01000002, 0x02010103, 0x02010003, 0x03020104, 0x02000103, 0x03010204, 0x03010104, 0x04020205,
+        0x00010102, 0x01020203, 0x01020103, 0x02030204, 0x01010203, 0x02020304, 0x02020204, 0x03030305,
+        0x01010103, 0x02020204, 0x02020104, 0x03030205, 0x02010204, 0x03020305, 0x03020205, 0x04030306,
+        0x00010002, 0x01020103, 0x01020003, 0x02030104, 0x01010103, 0x02020204, 0x02020104, 0x03030205,
+        0x01010003, 0x02020104, 0x02020004, 0x03030105, 0x02010104, 0x03020205, 0x03020105, 0x04030206,
+        0x00020103, 0x01030204, 0x01030104, 0x02040205, 0x01020204, 0x02030305, 0x02030205, 0x03040306,
+        0x01020104, 0x02030205, 0x02030105, 0x03040206, 0x02020205, 0x03030306, 0x03030206, 0x04040307,
+        0x00000102, 0x01010203, 0x01010103, 0x02020204, 0x01000203, 0x02010304, 0x02010204, 0x03020305,
+        0x01000103, 0x02010204, 0x02010104, 0x03020205, 0x02000204, 0x03010305, 0x03010205, 0x04020306,
+        0x00010203, 0x01020304, 0x01020204, 0x02030305, 0x01010304, 0x02020405, 0x02020305, 0x03030406,
+        0x01010204, 0x02020305, 0x02020205, 0x03030306, 0x02010305, 0x03020406, 0x03020306, 0x04030407,
+        0x00010103, 0x01020204, 0x01020104, 0x02030205, 0x01010204, 0x02020305, 0x02020205, 0x03030306,
+        0x01010104, 0x02020205, 0x02020105, 0x03030206, 0x02010205, 0x03020306, 0x03020206, 0x04030307,
+        0x00020204, 0x01030305, 0x01030205, 0x02040306, 0x01020305, 0x02030406, 0x02030306, 0x03040407,
+        0x01020205, 0x02030306, 0x02030206, 0x03040307, 0x02020306, 0x03030407, 0x03030307, 0x04040408
+    };
+    unsigned uSum;
+    unsigned char * pTruthC, * pLimit;
+    int i, iVar, Step, nWords, nBytes, nTotal;
+
+    assert( nVars <= 20 );
+
+    // clear storage
+    memset( pRes, 0, sizeof(int) * nVars );
+
+    // count the number of one's in 0-cofactors of the first three variables
+    nTotal = uSum = 0;
+    nWords = Kit_TruthWordNum( nVars );
+    nBytes = nWords * 4;
+    pTruthC = (unsigned char *)pTruth;
+    pLimit = pTruthC + nBytes;
+    for ( ; pTruthC < pLimit; pTruthC++ )
+    {
+        uSum += Table[*pTruthC];
+        *pBytes++ = (Table[*pTruthC] & 0xff);
+        if ( (uSum & 0xff) > 246 )
+        {
+            nTotal += (uSum & 0xff);
+            pRes[0] += ((uSum >>  8) & 0xff);
+            pRes[2] += ((uSum >> 16) & 0xff);
+            pRes[3] += ((uSum >> 24) & 0xff);
+            uSum = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if ( uSum )
+    {
+        nTotal += (uSum & 0xff);
+        pRes[0] += ((uSum >>  8) & 0xff);
+        pRes[1] += ((uSum >> 16) & 0xff);
+        pRes[2] += ((uSum >> 24) & 0xff);
+    }
+
+    // count all other variables
+    for ( iVar = 3, Step = 1; Step < nBytes; Step *= 2, iVar++ )
+        for ( i = 0; i < nBytes; i += Step + Step )
+        {
+            pRes[iVar] += pBytes[i];
+            pBytes[i] += pBytes[i+Step];
+        }
+    assert( pBytes[0] == nTotal );
+    assert( iVar == nVars );
+    return nTotal;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Prints the hex unsigned into a file.]
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_PrintHexadecimal( FILE * pFile, unsigned Sign[], int nVars )
+{
+    int nDigits, Digit, k;
+    // write the number into the file
+    nDigits = (1 << nVars) / 4;
+    for ( k = nDigits - 1; k >= 0; k-- )
+    {
+        Digit = ((Sign[k/8] >> ((k%8) * 4)) & 15);
+        if ( Digit < 10 )
+            fprintf( pFile, "%d", Digit );
+        else
+            fprintf( pFile, "%c", 'a' + Digit-10 );
+    }
+//    fprintf( pFile, "\n" );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Fast counting minterms for the functions.]
+
+  Description [Returns 0 if the function is a constant.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Kit_TruthCountMintermsPrecomp()
+{
+    int bit_count[256] = {
+      0,1,1,2,1,2,2,3,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,
+      1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,
+      1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,
+      2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,
+      1,2,2,3,2,3,3,4,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,
+      2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,
+      2,3,3,4,3,4,4,5,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,
+      3,4,4,5,4,5,5,6,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,4,5,5,6,5,6,6,7,5,6,6,7,6,7,7,8
+    };
+    unsigned i, uWord;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 256; i++ )
+    {
+        if ( i % 8 == 0 )
+            printf( "\n" );
+        uWord  =  bit_count[i];
+        uWord |= (bit_count[i & 0x55] <<  8);
+        uWord |= (bit_count[i & 0x33] << 16);
+        uWord |= (bit_count[i & 0x0f] << 24);
+        printf( "0x" );
+        Kit_PrintHexadecimal( stdout, &uWord, 5 );
+        printf( ", " );
+    }
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Dumps truth table into a file.]
+
+  Description [Generates script file for reading into ABC.]
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+char * Kit_TruthDumpToFile( unsigned * pTruth, int nVars, int nFile )
+{
+    static char pFileName[100];
+    FILE * pFile;
+    sprintf( pFileName, "tt\\s%04d", nFile );
+    pFile = fopen( pFileName, "w" );
+    fprintf( pFile, "rt " );
+    Kit_PrintHexadecimal( pFile, pTruth, nVars );
+    fprintf( pFile, "; bdd; sop; ps\n" );
+    fclose( pFile );
+    return pFileName;
+}
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/kit_.c b/src/aig/kit/kit_.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c68ee3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/kit_.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [kit_.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Computation kit.]
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - Dec 6, 2006.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: kit_.c,v 1.00 2006/12/06 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "kit.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+               
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/src/aig/kit/module.make b/src/aig/kit/module.make
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea62381b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/kit/module.make
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+SRC +=  src/aig/kit/kitAig.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitBdd.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitCloud.c src/aig/kit/cloud.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitDsd.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitFactor.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitGraph.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitHop.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitIsop.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitSop.c \
+    src/aig/kit/kitTruth.c