libelf: check loops for running away

Ensure that libelf does not have any loops which can run away
indefinitely even if the input is bogus.  (Grepped for \bfor, \bwhile
and \bgoto in libelf and xc_dom_*loader*.c.)

Changes needed:
 * elf_note_next uses the note's unchecked alleged length, which might
   wrap round.  If it does, return ELF_MAX_PTRVAL (0xfff..fff) instead,
   which will be beyond the end of the section and so terminate the
   caller's loop.
 * In various loops over section and program headers, check that the
   calculated header pointer is still within the image, and quit the
   loop if it isn't.

We have not changed loops which might, in principle, iterate over the
whole image - even if they might do so one byte at a time with a
nontrivial access check function in the middle.

This is part of the fix to a security issue, XSA-55.

Conflicts in Xen 4.1 version of the series:
* Trivial conflict due to elf_note_numeric_array not existing.

Signed-off-by: Ian Jackson <ian.jackson@eu.citrix.com>

5 files changed, 135 insertions, 29 deletions

diff --git a/tools/libxc/xc_dom_elfloader.c b/tools/libxc/xc_dom_elfloader.c
index 77b2e5b8d2..8e0d9d0f26 100644
--- a/tools/libxc/xc_dom_elfloader.c
+++ b/tools/libxc/xc_dom_elfloader.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "xg_private.h"
 #include "xc_dom.h"
+#include "xc_bitops.h"
 
 #define XEN_VER "xen-3.0"
 
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ static elf_errorstatus xc_dom_load_elf_symtab(struct xc_dom_image *dom,
     ELF_PTRVAL_CHAR hdr;
     size_t size;
     unsigned h, count, type, i, tables = 0;
+    unsigned long *strtab_referenced = NULL;
 
     if ( elf_swap(elf) )
     {
@@ -220,22 +222,35 @@ static elf_errorstatus xc_dom_load_elf_symtab(struct xc_dom_image *dom,
               symtab, maxaddr);
 
     count = elf_shdr_count(&syms);
+    /* elf_shdr_count guarantees that count is reasonable */
+
+    strtab_referenced = xc_dom_malloc(dom, bitmap_size(count));
+    if ( strtab_referenced == NULL )
+        return -1;
+    bitmap_clear(strtab_referenced, count);
+    /* Note the symtabs @h linked to by any strtab @i. */
+    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
+    {
+        shdr2 = elf_shdr_by_index(&syms, i);
+        if ( elf_uval(&syms, shdr2, sh_type) == SHT_SYMTAB )
+        {
+            h = elf_uval(&syms, shdr2, sh_link);
+            if (h < count)
+                set_bit(h, strtab_referenced);
+        }
+    }
+
     for ( h = 0; h < count; h++ )
     {
         shdr = ELF_OBSOLETE_VOIDP_CAST elf_shdr_by_index(&syms, h);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane section header count field */
+            break;
         type = elf_uval(&syms, shdr, sh_type);
         if ( type == SHT_STRTAB )
         {
-            /* Look for a strtab @i linked to symtab @h. */
-            for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
-            {
-                shdr2 = elf_shdr_by_index(&syms, i);
-                if ( (elf_uval(&syms, shdr2, sh_type) == SHT_SYMTAB) &&
-                     (elf_uval(&syms, shdr2, sh_link) == h) )
-                    break;
-            }
             /* Skip symtab @h if we found no corresponding strtab @i. */
-            if ( i == count )
+            if ( !test_bit(h, strtab_referenced) )
             {
                 if ( elf_64bit(&syms) )
                     elf_store_field(elf, shdr, e64.sh_offset, 0);
diff --git a/xen/common/libelf/libelf-dominfo.c b/xen/common/libelf/libelf-dominfo.c
index 6054e40a2b..284b1f4a98 100644
--- a/xen/common/libelf/libelf-dominfo.c
+++ b/xen/common/libelf/libelf-dominfo.c
@@ -211,7 +211,8 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_xen_parse_note(struct elf_binary *elf,
 static unsigned elf_xen_parse_notes(struct elf_binary *elf,
                                struct elf_dom_parms *parms,
                                ELF_PTRVAL_CONST_VOID start,
-                               ELF_PTRVAL_CONST_VOID end)
+                               ELF_PTRVAL_CONST_VOID end,
+                               unsigned *total_note_count)
 {
     unsigned xen_elfnotes = 0;
     ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) note;
@@ -223,6 +224,12 @@ static unsigned elf_xen_parse_notes(struct elf_binary *elf,
           ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(note) < parms->elf_note_end;
           note = elf_note_next(elf, note) )
     {
+        if ( *total_note_count >= ELF_MAX_TOTAL_NOTE_COUNT )
+        {
+            elf_mark_broken(elf, "too many ELF notes");
+            break;
+        }
+        (*total_note_count)++;
         note_name = elf_note_name(elf, note);
         if ( note_name == NULL )
             continue;
@@ -457,6 +464,7 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_xen_parse(struct elf_binary *elf,
     ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_phdr) phdr;
     unsigned xen_elfnotes = 0;
     unsigned i, count, more_notes;
+    unsigned total_note_count = 0;
 
     elf_memset_unchecked(parms, 0, sizeof(*parms));
     parms->virt_base = UNSET_ADDR;
@@ -471,6 +479,9 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_xen_parse(struct elf_binary *elf,
     for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
     {
         phdr = elf_phdr_by_index(elf, i);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(phdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane program header count field */
+            break;
         if ( elf_uval(elf, phdr, p_type) != PT_NOTE )
             continue;
 
@@ -483,7 +494,8 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_xen_parse(struct elf_binary *elf,
 
         more_notes = elf_xen_parse_notes(elf, parms,
                                  elf_segment_start(elf, phdr),
-                                 elf_segment_end(elf, phdr));
+                                 elf_segment_end(elf, phdr),
+                                 &total_note_count);
         if ( more_notes == ELF_NOTE_INVALID )
             return -1;
 
@@ -500,13 +512,17 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_xen_parse(struct elf_binary *elf,
         for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
         {
             shdr = elf_shdr_by_index(elf, i);
+            if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr), 1) )
+                /* input has an insane section header count field */
+                break;
 
             if ( elf_uval(elf, shdr, sh_type) != SHT_NOTE )
                 continue;
 
             more_notes = elf_xen_parse_notes(elf, parms,
                                      elf_section_start(elf, shdr),
-                                     elf_section_end(elf, shdr));
+                                     elf_section_end(elf, shdr),
+                                     &total_note_count);
 
             if ( more_notes == ELF_NOTE_INVALID )
                 return -1;
@@ -524,20 +540,15 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_xen_parse(struct elf_binary *elf,
      */
     if ( xen_elfnotes == 0 )
     {
-        count = elf_shdr_count(elf);
-        for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
+        shdr = elf_shdr_by_name(elf, "__xen_guest");
+        if ( ELF_HANDLE_VALID(shdr) )
         {
-            shdr = elf_shdr_by_name(elf, "__xen_guest");
-            if ( ELF_HANDLE_VALID(shdr) )
-            {
-                parms->guest_info = elf_section_start(elf, shdr);
-                parms->elf_note_start = ELF_INVALID_PTRVAL;
-                parms->elf_note_end   = ELF_INVALID_PTRVAL;
-                elf_msg(elf, "%s: __xen_guest: \"%s\"\n", __FUNCTION__,
-                        elf_strfmt(elf, parms->guest_info));
-                elf_xen_parse_guest_info(elf, parms);
-                break;
-            }
+            parms->guest_info = elf_section_start(elf, shdr);
+            parms->elf_note_start = ELF_INVALID_PTRVAL;
+            parms->elf_note_end   = ELF_INVALID_PTRVAL;
+            elf_msg(elf, "%s: __xen_guest: \"%s\"\n", __FUNCTION__,
+                    elf_strfmt(elf, parms->guest_info));
+            elf_xen_parse_guest_info(elf, parms);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/xen/common/libelf/libelf-loader.c b/xen/common/libelf/libelf-loader.c
index 459c9739c7..118d5aaf0b 100644
--- a/xen/common/libelf/libelf-loader.c
+++ b/xen/common/libelf/libelf-loader.c
@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ elf_errorstatus elf_init(struct elf_binary *elf, const char *image_input, size_t
     for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
     {
         shdr = elf_shdr_by_index(elf, i);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane section header count field */
+            break;
         if ( elf_uval(elf, shdr, sh_type) != SHT_SYMTAB )
             continue;
         elf->sym_tab = shdr;
@@ -140,6 +143,9 @@ void elf_parse_bsdsyms(struct elf_binary *elf, uint64_t pstart)
     for ( i = 0; i < elf_shdr_count(elf); i++ )
     {
         shdr = elf_shdr_by_index(elf, i);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane section header count field */
+            break;
         type = elf_uval(elf, shdr, sh_type);
         if ( (type == SHT_STRTAB) || (type == SHT_SYMTAB) )
             sz = elf_round_up(elf, sz + elf_uval(elf, shdr, sh_size));
@@ -194,6 +200,9 @@ do {                                            \
 
     for ( i = 0; i < elf_shdr_count(elf); i++ )
     {
+        elf_ptrval old_shdr_p;
+        elf_ptrval new_shdr_p;
+
         type = elf_uval(elf, shdr, sh_type);
         if ( (type == SHT_STRTAB) || (type == SHT_SYMTAB) )
         {
@@ -205,8 +214,16 @@ do {                                            \
              elf_hdr_elm(elf, shdr, sh_offset, maxva - symtab_addr);
              maxva = ELF_OBSOLETE_VOIDP_CAST elf_round_up(elf, (unsigned long)maxva + sz);
         }
-        shdr = ELF_MAKE_HANDLE(elf_shdr, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr) +
-                            (unsigned long)elf_uval(elf, elf->ehdr, e_shentsize));
+        old_shdr_p = ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr);
+        new_shdr_p = old_shdr_p + elf_uval(elf, elf->ehdr, e_shentsize);
+        if ( new_shdr_p <= old_shdr_p ) /* wrapped or stuck */
+        {
+            elf_mark_broken(elf, "bad section header length");
+            break;
+        }
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, new_shdr_p, 1) ) /* outside image */
+            break;
+        shdr = ELF_MAKE_HANDLE(elf_shdr, new_shdr_p);
     }
 
     /* Write down the actual sym size. */
@@ -226,6 +243,9 @@ void elf_parse_binary(struct elf_binary *elf)
     for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
     {
         phdr = elf_phdr_by_index(elf, i);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(phdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane program header count field */
+            break;
         if ( !elf_phdr_is_loadable(elf, phdr) )
             continue;
         paddr = elf_uval(elf, phdr, p_paddr);
@@ -248,11 +268,20 @@ void elf_load_binary(struct elf_binary *elf)
     ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_phdr) phdr;
     uint64_t i, count, paddr, offset, filesz, memsz;
     ELF_PTRVAL_VOID dest;
+    /*
+     * Let bizarre ELFs write the output image up to twice; this
+     * calculation is just to ensure our copying loop is no worse than
+     * O(domain_size).
+     */
+    uint64_t remain_allow_copy = (uint64_t)elf->dest_size * 2;
 
     count = elf_uval(elf, elf->ehdr, e_phnum);
     for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
     {
         phdr = elf_phdr_by_index(elf, i);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(phdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane program header count field */
+            break;
         if ( !elf_phdr_is_loadable(elf, phdr) )
             continue;
         paddr = elf_uval(elf, phdr, p_paddr);
@@ -260,6 +289,20 @@ void elf_load_binary(struct elf_binary *elf)
         filesz = elf_uval(elf, phdr, p_filesz);
         memsz = elf_uval(elf, phdr, p_memsz);
         dest = elf_get_ptr(elf, paddr);
+
+        /*
+         * We need to check that the input image doesn't have us copy
+         * the whole image zillions of times, as that could lead to
+         * O(n^2) time behaviour and possible DoS by a malicous ELF.
+         */
+        if ( remain_allow_copy < memsz )
+        {
+            elf_mark_broken(elf, "program segments total to more"
+                            " than the input image size");
+            break;
+        }
+        remain_allow_copy -= memsz;
+
         elf_msg(elf, "%s: phdr %" PRIu64 " at 0x%"ELF_PRPTRVAL" -> 0x%"ELF_PRPTRVAL"\n",
                 __func__, i, dest, (ELF_PTRVAL_VOID)(dest + filesz));
         elf_memcpy_safe(elf, dest, ELF_IMAGE_BASE(elf) + offset, filesz);
diff --git a/xen/common/libelf/libelf-tools.c b/xen/common/libelf/libelf-tools.c
index 4fb2d38c92..238262bea9 100644
--- a/xen/common/libelf/libelf-tools.c
+++ b/xen/common/libelf/libelf-tools.c
@@ -131,7 +131,16 @@ uint64_t elf_round_up(struct elf_binary *elf, uint64_t addr)
 
 unsigned elf_shdr_count(struct elf_binary *elf)
 {
-    return elf_uval(elf, elf->ehdr, e_shnum);
+    unsigned count = elf_uval(elf, elf->ehdr, e_shnum);
+    uint64_t max = elf->size / sizeof(Elf32_Shdr);
+    if (max > ~(unsigned)0)
+        max = ~(unsigned)0; /* Xen doesn't have limits.h :-/ */
+    if (count > max)
+    {
+        elf_mark_broken(elf, "far too many section headers");
+        count = max;
+    }
+    return count;
 }
 
 unsigned elf_phdr_count(struct elf_binary *elf)
@@ -149,6 +158,9 @@ ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_shdr) elf_shdr_by_name(struct elf_binary *elf, const char *n
     for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
     {
         shdr = elf_shdr_by_index(elf, i);
+        if ( !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(shdr), 1) )
+            /* input has an insane section header count field */
+            break;
         sname = elf_section_name(elf, shdr);
         if ( sname && !strcmp(sname, name) )
             return shdr;
@@ -204,6 +216,11 @@ const char *elf_strval(struct elf_binary *elf, elf_ptrval start)
         if ( !elf_access_unsigned(elf, start, length, 1) )
             /* ok */
             return ELF_UNSAFE_PTR(start);
+        if ( length >= ELF_MAX_STRING_LENGTH )
+        {
+            elf_mark_broken(elf, "excessively long string");
+            return NULL;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -306,7 +323,14 @@ ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) elf_note_next(struct elf_binary *elf, ELF_HANDLE_DECL(
     unsigned namesz = (elf_uval(elf, note, namesz) + 3) & ~3;
     unsigned descsz = (elf_uval(elf, note, descsz) + 3) & ~3;
 
-    return ELF_MAKE_HANDLE(elf_note, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(note) + elf_size(elf, note) + namesz + descsz);
+    elf_ptrval ptrval = ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(note)
+        + elf_size(elf, note) + namesz + descsz;
+
+    if ( ( ptrval <= ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(note) || /* wrapped or stuck */
+           !elf_access_ok(elf, ELF_HANDLE_PTRVAL(note), 1) ) )
+        ptrval = ELF_MAX_PTRVAL; /* terminate caller's loop */
+
+    return ELF_MAKE_HANDLE(elf_note, ptrval);
 }
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
diff --git a/xen/include/xen/libelf.h b/xen/include/xen/libelf.h
index 9e709c22b7..4cc1836e77 100644
--- a/xen/include/xen/libelf.h
+++ b/xen/include/xen/libelf.h
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ typedef void elf_log_callback(struct elf_binary*, void *caller_data,
 
 #endif
 
+#define ELF_MAX_STRING_LENGTH 4096
+#define ELF_MAX_TOTAL_NOTE_COUNT 65536
+
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
 /* Macros for accessing the input image and output area. */
@@ -353,6 +356,16 @@ ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_sym) elf_sym_by_index(struct elf_binary *elf, unsigned index
 const char *elf_note_name(struct elf_binary *elf, ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) note); /* may return NULL */
 ELF_PTRVAL_CONST_VOID elf_note_desc(struct elf_binary *elf, ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) note);
 uint64_t elf_note_numeric(struct elf_binary *elf, ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) note);
+
+/*
+ * If you use elf_note_next in a loop, you must put a nontrivial upper
+ * bound on the returned value as part of your loop condition.  In
+ * some cases elf_note_next will substitute ELF_PTRVAL_MAX as return
+ * value to indicate that the iteration isn't going well (for example,
+ * the putative "next" value would be earlier in memory).  In this
+ * case the caller's loop must terminate.  Checking against the
+ * end of the notes segment with a strict inequality is sufficient.
+ */
 ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) elf_note_next(struct elf_binary *elf, ELF_HANDLE_DECL(elf_note) note);
 
 /* (Only) checks that the image has the right magic number. */