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-===============================================================================
- Installation and configuration instructions for the rt2x00 Modules
-===============================================================================
-
-===============================================================================
- Table of contents:
-========================
-
- - 1: Minimal requirements
- - 1.1: kernel
- - 1.2: gcc
- - 1.3: make
- - 2: Hardware
- - 2.1: Chipsets
- - 2.2: RF button
- - 3: Module building & Installation
- - 3.1: Introduction
- - 3.2: Configure
- - 3.3: Build
- - 3.4: Installation
- - 4: Firmware
- - 4.1: Firmware files
- - 4.2: Firmware installation
- - 4.3: Firmware requirements
- - 5: Module loading
- - 5.1: Module load order
- - 5.2: Module load options
- - 6: Interfaces
- - 6.1: Wireless interfaces
- - 6.2: Input interface
- - 7: Interface configuration
- - 7.1: Minimal configuration
- - 7.2: Configuration tools
- - 8: Distribution specific notes
- - 8.1: Debian & derivatives
- - 8.2: Fedora
- - 8.3: Gentoo
- - 8.4: Mandriva
- - 9: Problems & Troubleshooting
- - 9.1: Debug information
- - 9.2: Debugfs
- - 9.3: Bug reporting
- - 10: Problems & Workarounds
- - 10.1: udev interface naming
- - 10.2: BUG - ifdown & ifup radio failure
- - 11: TODO list
- - 12: Contact us
-
-
-===============================================================================
- 1: Minimal requirements:
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 1.1: kernel
-=========
-
- - The minimal required kernel version is 2.6.22-rc1
-
- - It is important that the installed kernel sources match
- the running kernel. Unless you are crosscompiling and you
- know what you are doing.
-
- - Depending on what rt2x00 components will be built,
- some kernel configuration options are mandatory.
- It does however not matter if these options are compiled
- into the kernel or compiled as module.
-
- Kernel config option Required for component
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
- # CONFIG_NET_RADIO all
- # CONFIG_MAC80211 all
- # CONFIG_WLAN_80211 all
- # CONFIG_PCI rt2400pci, rt2500pci, rt61pci
- # CONFIG_USB rt2500usb, rt73usb
- # CONFIG_HOTPLUG rt61pci, rt73usb
- # CONFIG_FW_LOADER rt61pci, rt73usb
- # CONFIG_CRC_ITU_T rt61pci, rt73usb
- # CONFIG_DEBUG_FS rt2x00 (optional, only for debug)
- # CONFIG_RFKILL rt2400pci, rt2500pci, rt61pci (optional,
- only for button support)
-
-===================
- 1.2: GCC
-=========
-
- - For building the rt2x00 components the same gcc version is required
- as was used to build your target kernel.
-
-===================
- 1.3: make
-=========
-
- - The program 'make' needs to be installed on the system. There are no
- further special requirements for this program.
-
-===============================================================================
- 2: Hardware
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 2.1: Chipsets
-=========
-
- Support for each Ralink wireless chipset has been split into separate drivers.
-
- # rt2400pci
- - chipset: rt2400
- - supports: rt2460
- - bus type: PCI/PCMCIA/miniPCI
- # rt2500pci
- - chipset: rt2500
- - supports: rt2560
- - bus type: PCI/PCMCIA/miniPCI
- # rt2500usb
- - chipset: rt2570
- - supports: rt2570
- - bus type: USB
- # rt61pci
- - chipset: rt61 (or rt2600)
- - supports: rt2561, rt2561s, rt2661
- - bus type: PCI/PCMCIA/miniPCI
- # rt73usb
- - chipset: rt73
- - supports: rt2571(w), rt2573, rt2671
- - bus type: USB
-
-===================
- 2.2: RF button
-=========
-
- On some occasions the Ralink chipset has been built into a laptop.
- If that is the case, there usually is a hardware button that controls the
- radio of the wireless interface.
- If you have such a hardware device, make sure you enable hardware button
- support for your device in the configuration before building the rt2x00
- components.
- Note: This feature requires the enabling of the rfkill driver in the kernel.
-
-===============================================================================
- 3: Module building & Installation
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 3.1: Introduction
-=========
-
- The following steps in this chapter concerning module building and
- installation need to be performed for each kernel. This means that
- after each kernel upgrade the modules need to be rebuild and
- reinstalled in order to make them work with the new kernel.
-
-===================
- 3.2: Configure
-=========
-
- Before starting to build the rt2x00 components it is recommended to look into
- the 'config' file first. In this file you can configure which components of
- rt2x00 should be built. And even more importantly, you can configure with
- what options the components will be built.
- To build all the rt2x00 drivers (with debug capabilities enabled) no changes
- in the configuration file are required. For most users this would be
- sufficient to start working with rt2x00.
-
-===================
- 3.3: Build
-=========
-
- To build all rt2x00 components which were enabled in the configuration file
- simply run (root privileges not required):
-
- # $ make
-
- All modules (.ko files) will be created in the current directory.
-
-===================
- 3.4: Installation
-=========
-
- All rt2x00 modules can be installed by doing (with root privileges):
-
- # $ make install
-
- With this command all rt2x00 modules (including rfkill and d80211) will be
- created in a newly created folder named 'rt2x00' inside the kernel modules
- directory (usually '/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/').
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 4: Firmware
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 4.1: Firmware files
-=========
-
- rt61pci and rt73usb require firmware to be available while loading the module.
- The following firmware files are available for each driver:
-
- # rt61pci
- - rt2561.bin
- - rt2561s.bin
- - rt2661.bin
-
- # rt73usb
- - rt73.bin
-
-===================
- 4.2: Firmware installation
-=========
-
- The latest firmware files are available in a separate .zip archive and can be
- downloaded from the support page on the Ralink website at
- http://www.ralinktech.com.
- Note that by a high level of logic, Ralink has named their firmware for rt73
- chipsets "rt71W" with a comment that it is for the rt2571W and rt2671 devices.
- For rt61pci 3 seperate firmware files are available, which one is used depends
- on which RT chip is on the device. Usually it is best to install all files.
- To install the firmware the firmware files need to be manually copied to the
- systems firmware folder (usually '/lib/firmware/') the exact folder depends
- on the distribution. When in doubt consult the distributions documentation.
-
-===================
- 4.3: Firmware requirements
-=========
-
- To load firmware when the module is loaded the hotplug daemon should be
- running. Make sure you either enable hotplugging manually before loading the
- module, or make sure hotplugging is enabled during the system boot process.
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 5: Module loading
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 5.1: Module load order
-=========
-
- When the modules have been properly installed by following the installation
- instructions from the previous section, the module handlers (i.e. modprobe)
- will automaticly resolve all module dependencies when loading the device
- specific driver.
-
- When loading the modules manually with insmod, you should load them in the
- following order:
-
- # eeprom_93cx6.ko (optional, only required for pci devices)
- # rt2x00lib.ko
- # rt2x00pci.ko (optional, only required for pci devices)
- # rt2x00usb.ko (optional, only required for usb devices)
- # rt2400pci.ko (optional, only required for rt2400 support)
- # rt2500pci.ko (optional, only required for rt2500 support)
- # rt2500usb.ko (optional, only required for rt2570 support)
- # rt61pci.ko (optional, only required for rt61 support)
- # rt73usb.ko (optional, only required for rt73 support)
-
-===================
- 5.2: Module load options
-=========
-
- None.
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 6: Interfaces
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 6.1: Wireless interfaces
-=========
-
- After loading the modules two interfaces will now be visible in ifconfig and
- iwconfig, namely wmaster0 and wlan0. The first device is the so called master
- device which is can be used by some userspace tools, but normally can be
- ignored by the user. The second interface wlan0 is the client interface which
- the user can configure.
- With rt2x00 it is possible to run multiple client interfaces with
- only a single device. 1 client interface can run in adhoc, managed or master
- mode while a second interface can run in monitor mode at the same time.
- More client interfaces can be added by issuing the following command
- (with root privileges):
-
- # $ echo -n <name> > /sys/class/ieee80211/<dev>/add_iface
-
- where the variable <name> is the name of the client interface that should be
- added (i.e. wlan1), and <dev> is the physical device where the new client
- interface should be attached to (i.e. phy0).
-
-===================
- 6.2: Input interface
-=========
-
- When the rfkill driver is being used a new input device with the name of the
- device specific module where the button belongs to will have been created.
- Whenever the user presses the hardware button the rfkill driver will
- automatically make sure the hardware radio is being disabled or enabled
- accordingly. When the user has opened the input device the radio will
- not be automatically controlled, but instead the input device will
- report all button events (KEY_RFKILL) to userspace where the user
- could have setup script to do all the work that has to be executed.
- This means that while the input device is opened, the user is responsible
- for the correct behaviour.
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 7: Interface configuration
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 7.1: Minimal configuration
-=========
-
- - After loading the modules the interface should be configured to start
- an association or work in monitor mode. The following steps are required
- for a minimal configuration to associate with a non-encrypted access point.
-
- - Before bringing the client interface up, the working mode should be set:
-
- # $ iwconfig wlan0 mode managed
-
- - Configuration parts like essid and channel can be set before or after the
- client interface has been brought up.
-
- - It is usually a good idea to set the essid:
-
- # $ iwconfig wlan0 essid myessid
-
- - In some situations the device also requires the channel to be manually set:
-
- # $ iwconfig wlan0 channel mychannel
-
- - To bring the client interface up:
-
- # $ ifconfig wlan0 up
-
- - After the client interface has been brought up, scanning can be performed
- to check if the desired AP is being detected.
-
- # $ iwlist wlan0 scan
-
- - To start an association attempt, the AP address should be set:
-
- # $ iwconfig wlan0 ap mybssid
-
-===================
- 7.2: Configuration tools
-=========
-
- To configure the interface several tools are possible, the most basic tools
- are the wireless-tools that provide the iwconfig, iwpriv and iwlist commands.
- For WPA connections the wireless-tools are not sufficient, to configure the
- interface for WPA wireless network wpa_supplicant is required.
- For master mode functionality it is possible to only use the wireless-tools,
- but it is recommended to use hostapd instead. This tool offers the best
- functionality.
- For all configuration tools (wireless-tools, wpa_supplicant and hostapd) are
- manuals and howto's present in the manpages or on the internet. It is adviced
- to have at least read the manpages before using the tools for a better
- understanding on configuring the interface.
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 8: Distribution specific notes
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 8.1: Debian & derivatives
-=========
-
- In some instances installing the rt2x00 drivers on debian will result
- in the problem that the files are being copied into the wrong folder,
- which results in the fact that the driver cannot be loaded.
- Installing the drivers should be done manually in this case,
- please refer to the distributions documentation regarding the proper
- location of the kernel modules.
-
-===================
- 8.2: Fedora
-=========
-
- Although rt2x00 contains many backward compatibility fixes to ensure
- that all rt2x00 components will be able to compile and run on all
- systems that meet the minimal requirements, this does not work in all
- situations when the Fedora kernels are being used.
- The problem lies in the fact that Fedora (like most other distributions)
- heavily patch their kernel for better stability and more features.
- Unlike the other distributions however, Fedora does not pay attention to
- compatibility for external kernel drivers. This means that compiling rt2x00
- while using a Fedora kernel will result in compile errors regarding unknown
- fields in structures or problems with function arguments.
- For rt2x00 it is impossible to make all checks to support all Fedora kernel
- releases. This means that when rt2x00 compilation is failing while using a
- Fedora kernel we cannot give support for the compilation steps.
- We recommend the user to complain to the Fedora developers when this problem
- occurs.
- If the user has managed to compile rt2x00 for a Fedora kernel we will
- give support for possible problems while working with rt2x00. So the only
- part we do not support is the building of rt2x00.
- Please note that when you have edited the rt2x00 code to make it compile,
- it is advised to state those changes in bugreports while reporting other
- problems with rt2x00.
-
-===================
- 8.3: Gentoo
-=========
-
- rt2x00 can also be found in portage, both the beta releases and the cvs tree.
- Because rt2x00 is still experimental these ebuild are still masked, this means
- that before you can emerge them they first have to be unmasked.
- Gentoo provides various instructions on how this can be done on their website.
-
-===================
- 8.4: Mandriva
-=========
-
- In some instances installing the rt2x00 drivers on Mandriva will result
- in the problem that the files are being copied into the wrong folder,
- which results in the fact that the driver cannot be loaded.
- Installing the drivers should be done manually in this case,
- please refer to the distributions documentation regarding the proper
- location of the kernel modules.
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 9: Problems & Troubleshooting
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 9.1: Debug information
-=========
-
- When reporting problems make sure the driver has been compiled with debug
- enabled.
- If you have done so, the debug output can be found in the output
- of 'dmesg' and also in /var/log/messages and /var/log/syslog.
-
-===================
- 9.2: Debugfs
-=========
-
- rt2x00 provides several debugfs entries which can be used to help
- provide more information about the interface.
- To see the rt2x00 debugfs entries, debugfs should first be mounted,
- to do this you should issue the following command:
-
- # $ mount -t debugfs none /debug
-
- Where /debug is the directy on which the debugfs entries should appear,
- make sure this directory exists when mounting debugfs.
- With the debugfs folder, the rt2x00 folder with the rt2x00 debugfs entries
- will be created. Within the rt2x00 folder, each physical device will be
- represented by a folder named after the interface which belongs to this
- device. Within the folder the following files can be found:
-
- # register
- - This file contains the register contents of the interface.
- # eeprom
- - This file contains the eeprom contents of the interface.
-
-===================
- 9.3: Bug reporting
-=========
-
- When reporting a bug or problem with the rt2x00 module,
- make sure you report the following information:
- # How to reproduce
- # RT2x00 debug output, usually found in /var/log/messages
- # Module version
- # Wireless card chipset, model and manufacturer
- # Kernel version (i.e. 2.6.17)
- # Hardware architecture (i.e. x86, AMD64, Sparc)
- # rt2x00 code changes done by the user
- # Anything else you may think will help us resolve the issue
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 10: Problems & Workarounds
-=======================================
-
-===================
- 10.1: udev interface naming
-=========
-
- In some cases when loading the rt2x00 drivers the interface names are
- different from the names used in this README. This is usually caused by the
- udev handler who has set some rules regarding the interface. These rules
- are usually set up by the distribution and have been created especially for
- for the legacy driver and their strange behavior.
- To change the rules udev applies to your interface you should edit the udev
- rules stored in /etc/udev/rules.d/ (exact location might be different
- depending on distribution).
- When editing this file, search for the line that contains something like this:
-
- # ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*",
- # SYSFS{address}=="<mac address>", NAME="<interface>"
- (line has been wrapped due to max line length limit)
-
- Where <mac address> is the hardware address of your wireless networkcard,
- and <interface> is the interface name the interface takes as soon as the
- rt2x00 modules are loaded.
- This line should be changed to look like:
-
- # ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*",
- # SYSFS{address}=="<mac address>", SYSFS{type}=="801",
- # NAME="wmaster0"
- # ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*",
- # SYSFS{address}=="<mac address>", NAME="wlan0"
- (the 2 lines have been wrapped due to max line length limit)
-
- Where <mac address> is the hardware address of your wireless networkcard,
- and thus should be the same as on the original line.
-
-===================
- 10.2: BUG - ifdown & ifup radio failure
-=========
-
- It is a known issue (and BUG) that the driver will fail to correctly resume
- its radio operations after the interface has been brought down and up again.
- It is still unknown what the cause for this issue could be, besides the fact
- that for some reason the device's registers have been incorrectly initialized.
- This issue also has impact on the device status after a suspend/resume
- operation. There is no known workaround for this yet.
-
-
-==============================================================================
- 11: TODO list
-=======================================
- See http://rt2x00.serialmonkey.com/wiki/index.php/Rt2x00_beta
-
-==============================================================================
- 12: Contact us
-=======================================
-
- - Website
- # http://rt2x00.serialmonkey.com/
- # http://rt2x00.serialmonkey.com/wiki/index.php/Rt2x00_beta
-
- - Forums:
- # http://rt2x00.serialmonkey.com/phpBB2/
-
- - Mailing list:
- # general: rt2400-general@lists.sourceforge.net
- # developers: rt2400-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
-
- - Sourceforge:
- # http://sourceforge.net/projects/rt2400
-