kernel: add support for mediatek NMBM flash mapping support

This NAND flash remapping method is used on newer MediaTek devices with NAND
flash.

Signed-off-by: Felix Fietkau <nbd@nbd.name>
(cherry-picked from commit 06382d1af7b2c5afcde605db436522326fbf5467)

4 files changed, 2361 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.c b/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.c
index f79a51526d..6e7b6bb5f9 100644
--- a/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.c
+++ b/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.c
@@ -392,6 +392,8 @@ int mtk_bmt_attach(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 
 	if (of_property_read_bool(np, "mediatek,bmt-v2"))
 		bmtd.ops = &mtk_bmt_v2_ops;
+	else if (of_property_read_bool(np, "mediatek,nmbm"))
+		bmtd.ops = &mtk_bmt_nmbm_ops;
 	else if (of_property_read_bool(np, "mediatek,bbt"))
 		bmtd.ops = &mtk_bmt_bbt_ops;
 	else
@@ -410,14 +412,14 @@ int mtk_bmt_attach(struct mtd_info *mtd)
 	bmtd.pg_shift = ffs(bmtd.pg_size) - 1;
 	bmtd.total_blks = mtd->size >> bmtd.blk_shift;
 
-	bmtd.data_buf = kzalloc(bmtd.pg_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	bmtd.data_buf = kzalloc(bmtd.pg_size + bmtd.mtd->oobsize, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!bmtd.data_buf) {
 		pr_info("nand: FATAL ERR: allocate buffer failed!\n");
 		ret = -1;
 		goto error;
 	}
 
-	memset(bmtd.data_buf, 0xff, bmtd.pg_size);
+	memset(bmtd.data_buf, 0xff, bmtd.pg_size + bmtd.mtd->oobsize);
 
 	ret = bmtd.ops->init(np);
 	if (ret)
diff --git a/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.h b/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.h
index cea23f9207..dff1f28c81 100644
--- a/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.h
+++ b/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt.h
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ struct mtk_bmt_ops {
 	int (*debug)(void *data, u64 val);
 };
 
+struct bbbt;
+struct nmbm_instance;
+
 struct bmt_desc {
 	struct mtd_info *mtd;
 	unsigned char *bbt_buf;
@@ -38,7 +41,10 @@ struct bmt_desc {
 
 	const struct mtk_bmt_ops *ops;
 
-	struct bbbt *bbt;
+	union {
+		struct bbbt *bbt;
+		struct nmbm_instance *ni;
+	};
 
 	struct dentry *debugfs_dir;
 
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ struct bmt_desc {
 extern struct bmt_desc bmtd;
 extern const struct mtk_bmt_ops mtk_bmt_v2_ops;
 extern const struct mtk_bmt_ops mtk_bmt_bbt_ops;
+extern const struct mtk_bmt_ops mtk_bmt_nmbm_ops;
 
 static inline u32 blk_pg(u16 block)
 {
diff --git a/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt_nmbm.c b/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt_nmbm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a896e49ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/target/linux/generic/files/drivers/mtd/nand/mtk_bmt_nmbm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2348 @@
+#include <linux/crc32.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include "mtk_bmt.h"
+
+#define nlog_err(ni, ...) printk(KERN_ERR __VA_ARGS__)
+#define nlog_info(ni, ...) printk(KERN_INFO __VA_ARGS__)
+#define nlog_debug(ni, ...) printk(KERN_INFO __VA_ARGS__)
+#define nlog_warn(ni, ...) printk(KERN_WARNING __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define NMBM_MAGIC_SIGNATURE			0x304d4d4e	/* NMM0 */
+#define NMBM_MAGIC_INFO_TABLE			0x314d4d4e	/* NMM1 */
+
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_S			0
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_M			0xffff
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_S			16
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_M			0xffff
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MAKE(major, minor)		(((major) & NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_M) | \
+						(((minor) & NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_M) << \
+						NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_S))
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_GET(ver)		(((ver) >> NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_S) & \
+						NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_M)
+#define NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_GET(ver)		(((ver) >> NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_S) & \
+						NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_M)
+
+#define NMBM_BITMAP_UNIT_SIZE			(sizeof(u32))
+#define NMBM_BITMAP_BITS_PER_BLOCK		2
+#define NMBM_BITMAP_BITS_PER_UNIT		(8 * sizeof(u32))
+#define NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT		(NMBM_BITMAP_BITS_PER_UNIT / \
+						 NMBM_BITMAP_BITS_PER_BLOCK)
+
+#define NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_MULTI			1
+#define NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_DIV			2
+#define NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_MIN			2
+
+#define NMBM_MGMT_DIV				16
+#define NMBM_MGMT_BLOCKS_MIN			32
+
+#define NMBM_TRY_COUNT				3
+
+#define BLOCK_ST_BAD				0
+#define BLOCK_ST_NEED_REMAP			2
+#define BLOCK_ST_GOOD				3
+#define BLOCK_ST_MASK				3
+
+#define NMBM_VER_MAJOR			1
+#define NMBM_VER_MINOR			0
+#define NMBM_VER			NMBM_VERSION_MAKE(NMBM_VER_MAJOR, \
+							  NMBM_VER_MINOR)
+
+struct nmbm_header {
+	u32 magic;
+	u32 version;
+	u32 size;
+	u32 checksum;
+};
+
+struct nmbm_signature {
+	struct nmbm_header header;
+	uint64_t nand_size;
+	u32 block_size;
+	u32 page_size;
+	u32 spare_size;
+	u32 mgmt_start_pb;
+	u8 max_try_count;
+	u8 padding[3];
+};
+
+struct nmbm_info_table_header {
+	struct nmbm_header header;
+	u32 write_count;
+	u32 state_table_off;
+	u32 mapping_table_off;
+	u32 padding;
+};
+
+struct nmbm_instance {
+	u32 rawpage_size;
+	u32 rawblock_size;
+	u32 rawchip_size;
+
+	struct nmbm_signature signature;
+
+	u8 *info_table_cache;
+	u32 info_table_size;
+	u32 info_table_spare_blocks;
+	struct nmbm_info_table_header info_table;
+
+	u32 *block_state;
+	u32 block_state_changed;
+	u32 state_table_size;
+
+	int32_t *block_mapping;
+	u32 block_mapping_changed;
+	u32 mapping_table_size;
+
+	u8 *page_cache;
+
+	int protected;
+
+	u32 block_count;
+	u32 data_block_count;
+
+	u32 mgmt_start_ba;
+	u32 main_table_ba;
+	u32 backup_table_ba;
+	u32 mapping_blocks_ba;
+	u32 mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+	u32 signature_ba;
+
+	u32 max_ratio;
+	u32 max_reserved_blocks;
+	bool empty_page_ecc_ok;
+	bool force_create;
+};
+
+static inline u32 nmbm_crc32(u32 crcval, const void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	unsigned int chksz;
+	const unsigned char *p = buf;
+
+	while (size) {
+		if (size > UINT_MAX)
+			chksz = UINT_MAX;
+		else
+			chksz = (uint)size;
+
+		crcval = crc32_le(crcval, p, chksz);
+		size -= chksz;
+		p += chksz;
+	}
+
+	return crcval;
+}
+/*
+ * nlog_table_creation - Print log of table creation event
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @main_table: whether the table is main info table
+ * @start_ba: start block address of the table
+ * @end_ba: block address after the end of the table
+ */
+static void nlog_table_creation(struct nmbm_instance *ni, bool main_table,
+			       uint32_t start_ba, uint32_t end_ba)
+{
+	if (start_ba == end_ba - 1)
+		nlog_info(ni, "%s info table has been written to block %u\n",
+			 main_table ? "Main" : "Backup", start_ba);
+	else
+		nlog_info(ni, "%s info table has been written to block %u-%u\n",
+			 main_table ? "Main" : "Backup", start_ba, end_ba - 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nlog_table_update - Print log of table update event
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @main_table: whether the table is main info table
+ * @start_ba: start block address of the table
+ * @end_ba: block address after the end of the table
+ */
+static void nlog_table_update(struct nmbm_instance *ni, bool main_table,
+			     uint32_t start_ba, uint32_t end_ba)
+{
+	if (start_ba == end_ba - 1)
+		nlog_debug(ni, "%s info table has been updated in block %u\n",
+			  main_table ? "Main" : "Backup", start_ba);
+	else
+		nlog_debug(ni, "%s info table has been updated in block %u-%u\n",
+			  main_table ? "Main" : "Backup", start_ba, end_ba - 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nlog_table_found - Print log of table found event
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @first_table: whether the table is first found info table
+ * @write_count: write count of the info table
+ * @start_ba: start block address of the table
+ * @end_ba: block address after the end of the table
+ */
+static void nlog_table_found(struct nmbm_instance *ni, bool first_table,
+			    uint32_t write_count, uint32_t start_ba,
+			    uint32_t end_ba)
+{
+	if (start_ba == end_ba - 1)
+		nlog_info(ni, "%s info table with writecount %u found in block %u\n",
+			 first_table ? "First" : "Second", write_count,
+			 start_ba);
+	else
+		nlog_info(ni, "%s info table with writecount %u found in block %u-%u\n",
+			 first_table ? "First" : "Second", write_count,
+			 start_ba, end_ba - 1);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* Address conversion functions */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * ba2addr - Convert a block address to linear address
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: Block address
+ */
+static uint64_t ba2addr(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba)
+{
+	return (uint64_t)ba << bmtd.blk_shift;
+}
+/*
+ * size2blk - Get minimum required blocks for storing specific size of data
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @size: size for storing
+ */
+static uint32_t size2blk(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint64_t size)
+{
+	return (size + bmtd.blk_size - 1) >> bmtd.blk_shift;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* High level NAND chip APIs */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_read_phys_page - Read page with retry
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: linear address where the data will be read from
+ * @data: the main data to be read
+ * @oob: the oob data to be read
+ *
+ * Read a page for at most NMBM_TRY_COUNT times.
+ *
+ * Return 0 for success, positive value for corrected bitflip count,
+ * -EBADMSG for ecc error, other negative values for other errors
+ */
+static int nmbm_read_phys_page(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint64_t addr,
+			       void *data, void *oob)
+{
+	int tries, ret;
+
+	for (tries = 0; tries < NMBM_TRY_COUNT; tries++) {
+		struct mtd_oob_ops ops = {
+			.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB,
+			.oobbuf = oob,
+			.datbuf = data,
+		};
+
+		if (data)
+			ops.len = bmtd.pg_size;
+		if (oob)
+			ops.ooblen = mtd_oobavail(bmtd.mtd, &ops);
+
+		ret = bmtd._read_oob(bmtd.mtd, addr, &ops);
+		if (ret == -EUCLEAN)
+			return min_t(u32, bmtd.mtd->bitflip_threshold + 1,
+				     bmtd.mtd->ecc_strength);
+		if (ret >= 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ret != -EBADMSG)
+		nlog_err(ni, "Page read failed at address 0x%08llx\n", addr);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_write_phys_page - Write page with retry
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: linear address where the data will be written to
+ * @data: the main data to be written
+ * @oob: the oob data to be written
+ *
+ * Write a page for at most NMBM_TRY_COUNT times.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_write_phys_page(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint64_t addr,
+				 const void *data, const void *oob)
+{
+	int tries, ret;
+
+	for (tries = 0; tries < NMBM_TRY_COUNT; tries++) {
+		struct mtd_oob_ops ops = {
+			.mode = MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB,
+			.oobbuf = (void *)oob,
+			.datbuf = (void *)data,
+		};
+
+		if (data)
+			ops.len = bmtd.pg_size;
+		if (oob)
+			ops.ooblen = mtd_oobavail(bmtd.mtd, &ops);
+
+		ret = bmtd._write_oob(bmtd.mtd, addr, &ops);
+		if (!ret)
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	nlog_err(ni, "Page write failed at address 0x%08llx\n", addr);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_erase_phys_block - Erase a block with retry
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: Linear address
+ *
+ * Erase a block for at most NMBM_TRY_COUNT times.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_erase_phys_block(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint64_t addr)
+{
+	int tries, ret;
+
+	for (tries = 0; tries < NMBM_TRY_COUNT; tries++) {
+		struct erase_info ei = {
+			.addr = addr,
+			.len = bmtd.mtd->erasesize,
+		};
+
+		ret = bmtd._erase(bmtd.mtd, &ei);
+		if (!ret)
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	nlog_err(ni, "Block erasure failed at address 0x%08llx\n", addr);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_check_bad_phys_block - Check whether a block is marked bad in OOB
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: block address
+ */
+static bool nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba)
+{
+	uint64_t addr = ba2addr(ni, ba);
+
+	return bmtd._block_isbad(bmtd.mtd, addr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_mark_phys_bad_block - Mark a block bad
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: Linear address
+ */
+static int nmbm_mark_phys_bad_block(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba)
+{
+	uint64_t addr = ba2addr(ni, ba);
+
+	nlog_info(ni, "Block %u [0x%08llx] will be marked bad\n", ba, addr);
+
+	return bmtd._block_markbad(bmtd.mtd, addr);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+/* NMBM related functions */
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_check_header - Check whether a NMBM structure is valid
+ * @data: pointer to a NMBM structure with a NMBM header at beginning
+ * @size: Size of the buffer pointed by @header
+ *
+ * The size of the NMBM structure may be larger than NMBM header,
+ * e.g. block mapping table and block state table.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_check_header(const void *data, uint32_t size)
+{
+	const struct nmbm_header *header = data;
+	struct nmbm_header nhdr;
+	uint32_t new_checksum;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure expected structure size is equal or smaller than
+	 * buffer size.
+	 */
+	if (header->size > size)
+		return false;
+
+	memcpy(&nhdr, data, sizeof(nhdr));
+
+	nhdr.checksum = 0;
+	new_checksum = nmbm_crc32(0, &nhdr, sizeof(nhdr));
+	if (header->size > sizeof(nhdr))
+		new_checksum = nmbm_crc32(new_checksum,
+			(const uint8_t *)data + sizeof(nhdr),
+			header->size - sizeof(nhdr));
+
+	if (header->checksum != new_checksum)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_update_checksum - Update checksum of a NMBM structure
+ * @header: pointer to a NMBM structure with a NMBM header at beginning
+ *
+ * The size of the NMBM structure must be specified by @header->size
+ */
+static void nmbm_update_checksum(struct nmbm_header *header)
+{
+	header->checksum = 0;
+	header->checksum = nmbm_crc32(0, header, header->size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_get_spare_block_count - Calculate number of blocks should be reserved
+ * @block_count: number of blocks of data
+ *
+ * Calculate number of blocks should be reserved for data
+ */
+static uint32_t nmbm_get_spare_block_count(uint32_t block_count)
+{
+	uint32_t val;
+
+	val = (block_count + NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_DIV / 2) / NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_DIV;
+	val *= NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_MULTI;
+
+	if (val < NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_MIN)
+		val = NMBM_SPARE_BLOCK_MIN;
+
+	return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_get_block_state_raw - Get state of a block from raw block state table
+ * @block_state: pointer to raw block state table (bitmap)
+ * @ba: block address
+ */
+static uint32_t nmbm_get_block_state_raw(u32 *block_state,
+					 uint32_t ba)
+{
+	uint32_t unit, shift;
+
+	unit = ba / NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT;
+	shift = (ba % NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT) * NMBM_BITMAP_BITS_PER_BLOCK;
+
+	return (block_state[unit] >> shift) & BLOCK_ST_MASK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_get_block_state - Get state of a block from block state table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: block address
+ */
+static uint32_t nmbm_get_block_state(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba)
+{
+	return nmbm_get_block_state_raw(ni->block_state, ba);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_set_block_state - Set state of a block to block state table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: block address
+ * @state: block state
+ *
+ * Set state of a block. If the block state changed, ni->block_state_changed
+ * will be increased.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_set_block_state(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				 uint32_t state)
+{
+	uint32_t unit, shift, orig;
+	u32 uv;
+
+	unit = ba / NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT;
+	shift = (ba % NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT) * NMBM_BITMAP_BITS_PER_BLOCK;
+
+	orig = (ni->block_state[unit] >> shift) & BLOCK_ST_MASK;
+	state &= BLOCK_ST_MASK;
+
+	uv = ni->block_state[unit] & (~(BLOCK_ST_MASK << shift));
+	uv |= state << shift;
+	ni->block_state[unit] = uv;
+
+	if (orig != state) {
+		ni->block_state_changed++;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_block_walk_asc - Skip specified number of good blocks, ascending addr.
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: start physical block address
+ * @nba: return physical block address after walk
+ * @count: number of good blocks to be skipped
+ * @limit: highest block address allowed for walking
+ *
+ * Start from @ba, skipping any bad blocks, counting @count good blocks, and
+ * return the next good block address.
+ *
+ * If no enough good blocks counted while @limit reached, false will be returned.
+ *
+ * If @count == 0, nearest good block address will be returned.
+ * @limit is not counted in walking.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_block_walk_asc(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				uint32_t *nba, uint32_t count,
+				uint32_t limit)
+{
+	int32_t nblock = count;
+
+	if (limit >= ni->block_count)
+		limit = ni->block_count - 1;
+
+	while (ba < limit) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) == BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			nblock--;
+
+		if (nblock < 0) {
+			*nba = ba;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		ba++;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_block_walk_desc - Skip specified number of good blocks, descending addr
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: start physical block address
+ * @nba: return physical block address after walk
+ * @count: number of good blocks to be skipped
+ * @limit: lowest block address allowed for walking
+ *
+ * Start from @ba, skipping any bad blocks, counting @count good blocks, and
+ * return the next good block address.
+ *
+ * If no enough good blocks counted while @limit reached, false will be returned.
+ *
+ * If @count == 0, nearest good block address will be returned.
+ * @limit is not counted in walking.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_block_walk_desc(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				 uint32_t *nba, uint32_t count, uint32_t limit)
+{
+	int32_t nblock = count;
+
+	if (limit >= ni->block_count)
+		limit = ni->block_count - 1;
+
+	while (ba > limit) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) == BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			nblock--;
+
+		if (nblock < 0) {
+			*nba = ba;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		ba--;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_block_walk - Skip specified number of good blocks from curr. block addr
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ascending: whether to walk ascending
+ * @ba: start physical block address
+ * @nba: return physical block address after walk
+ * @count: number of good blocks to be skipped
+ * @limit: highest/lowest block address allowed for walking
+ *
+ * Start from @ba, skipping any bad blocks, counting @count good blocks, and
+ * return the next good block address.
+ *
+ * If no enough good blocks counted while @limit reached, false will be returned.
+ *
+ * If @count == 0, nearest good block address will be returned.
+ * @limit can be set to negative if no limit required.
+ * @limit is not counted in walking.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_block_walk(struct nmbm_instance *ni, bool ascending,
+			    uint32_t ba, uint32_t *nba, int32_t count,
+			    int32_t limit)
+{
+	if (ascending)
+		return nmbm_block_walk_asc(ni, ba, nba, count, limit);
+
+	return nmbm_block_walk_desc(ni, ba, nba, count, limit);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_scan_badblocks - Scan and record all bad blocks
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * Scan the entire lower NAND chip and record all bad blocks in to block state
+ * table.
+ */
+static void nmbm_scan_badblocks(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t ba;
+
+	for (ba = 0; ba < ni->block_count; ba++) {
+		if (nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(ni, ba)) {
+			nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+			nlog_info(ni, "Bad block %u [0x%08llx]\n", ba,
+				 ba2addr(ni, ba));
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_build_mapping_table - Build initial block mapping table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * The initial mapping table will be compatible with the stratage of
+ * factory production.
+ */
+static void nmbm_build_mapping_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t pb, lb;
+
+	for (pb = 0, lb = 0; pb < ni->mgmt_start_ba; pb++) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, pb) == BLOCK_ST_BAD)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Always map to the next good block */
+		ni->block_mapping[lb++] = pb;
+	}
+
+	ni->data_block_count = lb;
+
+	/* Unusable/Management blocks */
+	for (pb = lb; pb < ni->block_count; pb++)
+		ni->block_mapping[pb] = -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_erase_block_and_check - Erase a block and check its usability
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: block address to be erased
+ *
+ * Erase a block anc check its usability
+ *
+ * Return true if the block is usable, false if erasure failure or the block
+ * has too many bitflips.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_erase_block_and_check(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba)
+{
+	uint64_t addr, off;
+	bool success;
+	int ret;
+
+	success = nmbm_erase_phys_block(ni, ba2addr(ni, ba));
+	if (!success)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!ni->empty_page_ecc_ok)
+		return true;
+
+	/* Check every page to make sure there aren't too many bitflips */
+
+	addr = ba2addr(ni, ba);
+
+	for (off = 0; off < bmtd.blk_size; off += bmtd.pg_size) {
+		ret = nmbm_read_phys_page(ni, addr + off, ni->page_cache, NULL);
+		if (ret == -EBADMSG) {
+			/*
+			 * empty_page_ecc_ok means the empty page is
+			 * still protected by ECC. So reading pages with ECC
+			 * enabled and -EBADMSG means there are too many
+			 * bitflips that can't be recovered, and the block
+			 * containing the page should be marked bad.
+			 */
+			nlog_err(ni,
+				 "Too many bitflips in empty page at 0x%llx\n",
+				 addr + off);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_erase_range - Erase a range of blocks
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: block address where the erasure will start
+ * @limit: top block address allowed for erasure
+ *
+ * Erase blocks within the specific range. Newly-found bad blocks will be
+ * marked.
+ *
+ * @limit is not counted into the allowed erasure address.
+ */
+static void nmbm_erase_range(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+			     uint32_t limit)
+{
+	bool success;
+
+	while (ba < limit) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) != BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			goto next_block;
+
+		/* Insurance to detect unexpected bad block marked by user */
+		if (nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(ni, ba)) {
+			nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+			goto next_block;
+		}
+
+		success = nmbm_erase_block_and_check(ni, ba);
+		if (success)
+			goto next_block;
+
+		nmbm_mark_phys_bad_block(ni, ba);
+		nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+
+	next_block:
+		ba++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_write_repeated_data - Write critical data to a block with retry
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: block address where the data will be written to
+ * @data: the data to be written
+ * @size: size of the data
+ *
+ * Write data to every page of the block. Success only if all pages within
+ * this block have been successfully written.
+ *
+ * Make sure data size is not bigger than one page.
+ *
+ * This function will write and verify every page for at most
+ * NMBM_TRY_COUNT times.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_write_repeated_data(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				     const void *data, uint32_t size)
+{
+	uint64_t addr, off;
+	bool success;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (size > bmtd.pg_size)
+		return false;
+
+	addr = ba2addr(ni, ba);
+
+	for (off = 0; off < bmtd.blk_size; off += bmtd.pg_size) {
+		/* Prepare page data. fill 0xff to unused region */
+		memcpy(ni->page_cache, data, size);
+		memset(ni->page_cache + size, 0xff, ni->rawpage_size - size);
+
+		success = nmbm_write_phys_page(ni, addr + off, ni->page_cache, NULL);
+		if (!success)
+			return false;
+
+		/* Verify the data just written. ECC error indicates failure */
+		ret = nmbm_read_phys_page(ni, addr + off, ni->page_cache, NULL);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return false;
+
+		if (memcmp(ni->page_cache, data, size))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_write_signature - Write signature to NAND chip
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @limit: top block address allowed for writing
+ * @signature: the signature to be written
+ * @signature_ba: the actual block address where signature is written to
+ *
+ * Write signature within a specific range, from chip bottom to limit.
+ * At most one block will be written.
+ *
+ * @limit is not counted into the allowed write address.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_write_signature(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t limit,
+				 const struct nmbm_signature *signature,
+				 uint32_t *signature_ba)
+{
+	uint32_t ba = ni->block_count - 1;
+	bool success;
+
+	while (ba > limit) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) != BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			goto next_block;
+
+		/* Insurance to detect unexpected bad block marked by user */
+		if (nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(ni, ba)) {
+			nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+			goto next_block;
+		}
+
+		success = nmbm_erase_block_and_check(ni, ba);
+		if (!success)
+			goto skip_bad_block;
+
+		success = nmbm_write_repeated_data(ni, ba, signature,
+						   sizeof(*signature));
+		if (success) {
+			*signature_ba = ba;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+	skip_bad_block:
+		nmbm_mark_phys_bad_block(ni, ba);
+		nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+
+	next_block:
+		ba--;
+	};
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbn_read_data - Read data
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: linear address where the data will be read from
+ * @data: the data to be read
+ * @size: the size of data
+ *
+ * Read data range.
+ * Every page will be tried for at most NMBM_TRY_COUNT times.
+ *
+ * Return 0 for success, positive value for corrected bitflip count,
+ * -EBADMSG for ecc error, other negative values for other errors
+ */
+static int nmbn_read_data(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint64_t addr, void *data,
+			  uint32_t size)
+{
+	uint64_t off = addr;
+	uint8_t *ptr = data;
+	uint32_t sizeremain = size, chunksize, leading;
+	int ret;
+
+	while (sizeremain) {
+		leading = off & (bmtd.pg_size - 1);
+		chunksize = bmtd.pg_size - leading;
+		if (chunksize > sizeremain)
+			chunksize = sizeremain;
+
+		if (chunksize == bmtd.pg_size) {
+			ret = nmbm_read_phys_page(ni, off - leading, ptr, NULL);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				return ret;
+		} else {
+			ret = nmbm_read_phys_page(ni, off - leading,
+						  ni->page_cache, NULL);
+			if (ret < 0)
+				return ret;
+
+			memcpy(ptr, ni->page_cache + leading, chunksize);
+		}
+
+		off += chunksize;
+		ptr += chunksize;
+		sizeremain -= chunksize;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbn_write_verify_data - Write data with validation
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: linear address where the data will be written to
+ * @data: the data to be written
+ * @size: the size of data
+ *
+ * Write data and verify.
+ * Every page will be tried for at most NMBM_TRY_COUNT times.
+ */
+static bool nmbn_write_verify_data(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint64_t addr,
+				   const void *data, uint32_t size)
+{
+	uint64_t off = addr;
+	const uint8_t *ptr = data;
+	uint32_t sizeremain = size, chunksize, leading;
+	bool success;
+	int ret;
+
+	while (sizeremain) {
+		leading = off & (bmtd.pg_size - 1);
+		chunksize = bmtd.pg_size - leading;
+		if (chunksize > sizeremain)
+			chunksize = sizeremain;
+
+		/* Prepare page data. fill 0xff to unused region */
+		memset(ni->page_cache, 0xff, ni->rawpage_size);
+		memcpy(ni->page_cache + leading, ptr, chunksize);
+
+		success = nmbm_write_phys_page(ni, off - leading,
+					       ni->page_cache, NULL);
+		if (!success)
+			return false;
+
+		/* Verify the data just written. ECC error indicates failure */
+		ret = nmbm_read_phys_page(ni, off - leading, ni->page_cache, NULL);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return false;
+
+		if (memcmp(ni->page_cache + leading, ptr, chunksize))
+			return false;
+
+		off += chunksize;
+		ptr += chunksize;
+		sizeremain -= chunksize;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_write_mgmt_range - Write management data into NAND within a range
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @addr: preferred start block address for writing
+ * @limit: highest block address allowed for writing
+ * @data: the data to be written
+ * @size: the size of data
+ * @actual_start_ba: actual start block address of data
+ * @actual_end_ba: block address after the end of data
+ *
+ * @limit is not counted into the allowed write address.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_write_mgmt_range(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				  uint32_t limit, const void *data,
+				  uint32_t size, uint32_t *actual_start_ba,
+				  uint32_t *actual_end_ba)
+{
+	const uint8_t *ptr = data;
+	uint32_t sizeremain = size, chunksize;
+	bool success;
+
+	while (sizeremain && ba < limit) {
+		chunksize = sizeremain;
+		if (chunksize > bmtd.blk_size)
+			chunksize = bmtd.blk_size;
+
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) != BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			goto next_block;
+
+		/* Insurance to detect unexpected bad block marked by user */
+		if (nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(ni, ba)) {
+			nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+			goto next_block;
+		}
+
+		success = nmbm_erase_block_and_check(ni, ba);
+		if (!success)
+			goto skip_bad_block;
+
+		success = nmbn_write_verify_data(ni, ba2addr(ni, ba), ptr,
+						 chunksize);
+		if (!success)
+			goto skip_bad_block;
+
+		if (sizeremain == size)
+			*actual_start_ba = ba;
+
+		ptr += chunksize;
+		sizeremain -= chunksize;
+
+		goto next_block;
+
+	skip_bad_block:
+		nmbm_mark_phys_bad_block(ni, ba);
+		nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+
+	next_block:
+		ba++;
+	}
+
+	if (sizeremain)
+		return false;
+
+	*actual_end_ba = ba;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_generate_info_table_cache - Generate info table cache data
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * Generate info table cache data to be written into flash.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_generate_info_table_cache(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	bool changed = false;
+
+	memset(ni->info_table_cache, 0xff, ni->info_table_size);
+
+	memcpy(ni->info_table_cache + ni->info_table.state_table_off,
+	       ni->block_state, ni->state_table_size);
+
+	memcpy(ni->info_table_cache + ni->info_table.mapping_table_off,
+		ni->block_mapping, ni->mapping_table_size);
+
+	ni->info_table.header.magic = NMBM_MAGIC_INFO_TABLE;
+	ni->info_table.header.version = NMBM_VER;
+	ni->info_table.header.size = ni->info_table_size;
+
+	if (ni->block_state_changed || ni->block_mapping_changed) {
+		ni->info_table.write_count++;
+		changed = true;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(ni->info_table_cache, &ni->info_table, sizeof(ni->info_table));
+
+	nmbm_update_checksum((struct nmbm_header *)ni->info_table_cache);
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_write_info_table - Write info table into NAND within a range
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: preferred start block address for writing
+ * @limit: highest block address allowed for writing
+ * @actual_start_ba: actual start block address of info table
+ * @actual_end_ba: block address after the end of info table
+ *
+ * @limit is counted into the allowed write address.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_write_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				  uint32_t limit, uint32_t *actual_start_ba,
+				  uint32_t *actual_end_ba)
+{
+	return nmbm_write_mgmt_range(ni, ba, limit, ni->info_table_cache,
+				     ni->info_table_size, actual_start_ba,
+				     actual_end_ba);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_mark_tables_clean - Mark info table `clean'
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ */
+static void nmbm_mark_tables_clean(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	ni->block_state_changed = 0;
+	ni->block_mapping_changed = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_try_reserve_blocks - Reserve blocks with compromisation
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: start physical block address
+ * @nba: return physical block address after reservation
+ * @count: number of good blocks to be skipped
+ * @min_count: minimum number of good blocks to be skipped
+ * @limit: highest/lowest block address allowed for walking
+ *
+ * Reserve specific blocks. If failed, try to reserve as many as possible.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_try_reserve_blocks(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				    uint32_t *nba, uint32_t count,
+				    int32_t min_count, int32_t limit)
+{
+	int32_t nblocks = count;
+	bool success;
+
+	while (nblocks >= min_count) {
+		success = nmbm_block_walk(ni, true, ba, nba, nblocks, limit);
+		if (success)
+			return true;
+
+		nblocks--;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_rebuild_info_table - Build main & backup info table from scratch
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @allow_no_gap: allow no spare blocks between two tables
+ */
+static bool nmbm_rebuild_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t table_start_ba, table_end_ba, next_start_ba;
+	uint32_t main_table_end_ba;
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Set initial value */
+	ni->main_table_ba = 0;
+	ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+
+	/* Write main table */
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba,
+					ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+					&table_start_ba, &table_end_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		/* Failed to write main table, data will be lost */
+		nlog_err(ni, "Unable to write at least one info table!\n");
+		nlog_err(ni, "Please save your data before power off!\n");
+		ni->protected = 1;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Main info table is successfully written, record its offset */
+	ni->main_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+	main_table_end_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_ba */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+	nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+	nlog_table_creation(ni, true, table_start_ba, table_end_ba);
+
+	/* Reserve spare blocks for main info table. */
+	success = nmbm_try_reserve_blocks(ni, table_end_ba,
+					  &next_start_ba,
+					  ni->info_table_spare_blocks, 0,
+					  ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba -
+					  size2blk(ni, ni->info_table_size));
+	if (!success) {
+		/* There is no spare block. */
+		nlog_debug(ni, "No room for backup info table\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Write backup info table. */
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, next_start_ba,
+					ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+					&table_start_ba, &table_end_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		/* There is no enough blocks for backup table. */
+		nlog_debug(ni, "No room for backup info table\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Backup table is successfully written, record its offset */
+	ni->backup_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_off */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+	/* Erase spare blocks of main table to clean possible interference data */
+	nmbm_erase_range(ni, main_table_end_ba, ni->backup_table_ba);
+
+	nlog_table_creation(ni, false, table_start_ba, table_end_ba);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_rescue_single_info_table - Rescue when there is only one info table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * This function is called when there is only one info table exists.
+ * This function may fail if we can't write new info table
+ */
+static bool nmbm_rescue_single_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t table_start_ba, table_end_ba, write_ba;
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Try to write new info table in front of existing table */
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba,
+					ni->main_table_ba,
+					&table_start_ba,
+					&table_end_ba);
+	if (success) {
+		/*
+		 * New table becomes the main table, existing table becomes
+		 * the backup table.
+		 */
+		ni->backup_table_ba = ni->main_table_ba;
+		ni->main_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+
+		nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+		/* Erase spare blocks of main table to clean possible interference data */
+		nmbm_erase_range(ni, table_end_ba, ni->backup_table_ba);
+
+		nlog_table_creation(ni, true, table_start_ba, table_end_ba);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to reserve spare blocks for existing table */
+	success = nmbm_try_reserve_blocks(ni, ni->mapping_blocks_ba, &write_ba,
+					  ni->info_table_spare_blocks, 0,
+					  ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba -
+					  size2blk(ni, ni->info_table_size));
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "Failed to rescue single info table\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to write new info table next to the existing table */
+	while (write_ba >= ni->mapping_blocks_ba) {
+		success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, write_ba,
+						ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+						&table_start_ba,
+						&table_end_ba);
+		if (success)
+			break;
+
+		write_ba--;
+	}
+
+	if (success) {
+		/* Erase spare blocks of main table to clean possible interference data */
+		nmbm_erase_range(ni, ni->mapping_blocks_ba, table_start_ba);
+
+		/* New table becomes the backup table */
+		ni->backup_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+		ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+		nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+		nlog_table_creation(ni, false, table_start_ba, table_end_ba);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	nlog_warn(ni, "Failed to rescue single info table\n");
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_update_single_info_table - Update specific one info table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ */
+static bool nmbm_update_single_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni,
+					  bool update_main_table)
+{
+	uint32_t write_start_ba, write_limit, table_start_ba, table_end_ba;
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Determine the write range */
+	if (update_main_table) {
+		write_start_ba = ni->main_table_ba;
+		write_limit = ni->backup_table_ba;
+	} else {
+		write_start_ba = ni->backup_table_ba;
+		write_limit = ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+	}
+
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, write_start_ba, write_limit,
+					&table_start_ba, &table_end_ba);
+	if (success) {
+		if (update_main_table) {
+			ni->main_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+		} else {
+			ni->backup_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+			ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+		}
+
+		nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+		nlog_table_update(ni, update_main_table, table_start_ba,
+				 table_end_ba);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (update_main_table) {
+		/*
+		 * If failed to update main table, make backup table the new
+		 * main table, and call nmbm_rescue_single_info_table()
+		 */
+		nlog_warn(ni, "Unable to update %s info table\n",
+			 update_main_table ? "Main" : "Backup");
+
+		ni->main_table_ba = ni->backup_table_ba;
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+		return nmbm_rescue_single_info_table(ni);
+	}
+
+	/* Only one table left */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = ni->backup_table_ba;
+	ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_rescue_main_info_table - Rescue when failed to write main info table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * This function is called when main info table failed to be written, and
+ *    backup info table exists.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_rescue_main_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t tmp_table_start_ba, tmp_table_end_ba, main_table_start_ba;
+	uint32_t main_table_end_ba, write_ba;
+	uint32_t info_table_erasesize = size2blk(ni, ni->info_table_size);
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Try to reserve spare blocks for existing backup info table */
+	success = nmbm_try_reserve_blocks(ni, ni->mapping_blocks_ba, &write_ba,
+					  ni->info_table_spare_blocks, 0,
+					  ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba -
+					  info_table_erasesize);
+	if (!success) {
+		/* There is no spare block. Backup info table becomes the main table. */
+		nlog_err(ni, "No room for temporary info table\n");
+		ni->main_table_ba = ni->backup_table_ba;
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to write temporary info table into spare unmapped blocks */
+	while (write_ba >= ni->mapping_blocks_ba) {
+		success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, write_ba,
+						ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+						&tmp_table_start_ba,
+						&tmp_table_end_ba);
+		if (success)
+			break;
+
+		write_ba--;
+	}
+
+	if (!success) {
+		/* Backup info table becomes the main table */
+		nlog_err(ni, "Failed to update main info table\n");
+		ni->main_table_ba = ni->backup_table_ba;
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_off */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = tmp_table_end_ba;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now write main info table at the beginning of management area.
+	 * This operation will generally destroy the original backup info
+	 * table.
+	 */
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba,
+					tmp_table_start_ba,
+					&main_table_start_ba,
+					&main_table_end_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		/* Temporary info table becomes the main table */
+		ni->main_table_ba = tmp_table_start_ba;
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+
+		nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+		nlog_err(ni, "Failed to update main info table\n");
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Main info table has been successfully written, record its offset */
+	ni->main_table_ba = main_table_start_ba;
+
+	nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+	nlog_table_creation(ni, true, main_table_start_ba, main_table_end_ba);
+
+	/*
+	 * Temporary info table becomes the new backup info table if it's
+	 * not overwritten.
+	 */
+	if (main_table_end_ba <= tmp_table_start_ba) {
+		ni->backup_table_ba = tmp_table_start_ba;
+
+		nlog_table_creation(ni, false, tmp_table_start_ba,
+				   tmp_table_end_ba);
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_off */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = main_table_end_ba;
+
+	/* Try to reserve spare blocks for new main info table */
+	success = nmbm_try_reserve_blocks(ni, main_table_end_ba, &write_ba,
+					  ni->info_table_spare_blocks, 0,
+					  ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba -
+					  info_table_erasesize);
+	if (!success) {
+		/* There is no spare block. Only main table exists. */
+		nlog_err(ni, "No room for backup info table\n");
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Write new backup info table. */
+	while (write_ba >= main_table_end_ba) {
+		success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, write_ba,
+						ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+						&tmp_table_start_ba,
+						&tmp_table_end_ba);
+		if (success)
+			break;
+
+		write_ba--;
+	}
+
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_err(ni, "No room for backup info table\n");
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/* Backup info table has been successfully written, record its offset */
+	ni->backup_table_ba = tmp_table_start_ba;
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_off */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = tmp_table_end_ba;
+
+	/* Erase spare blocks of main table to clean possible interference data */
+	nmbm_erase_range(ni, main_table_end_ba, ni->backup_table_ba);
+
+	nlog_table_creation(ni, false, tmp_table_start_ba, tmp_table_end_ba);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_update_info_table_once - Update info table once
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @force: force update
+ *
+ * Update both main and backup info table. Return true if at least one info
+ * table has been successfully written.
+ * This function only try to update info table once regard less of the result.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_update_info_table_once(struct nmbm_instance *ni, bool force)
+{
+	uint32_t table_start_ba, table_end_ba;
+	uint32_t main_table_limit;
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Do nothing if there is no change */
+	if (!nmbm_generate_info_table_cache(ni) && !force)
+		return true;
+
+	/* Check whether both two tables exist */
+	if (!ni->backup_table_ba) {
+		main_table_limit = ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+		goto write_main_table;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Write backup info table in its current range.
+	 * Note that limit is set to mapping_blocks_top_off to provide as many
+	 * spare blocks as possible for the backup table. If at last
+	 * unmapped blocks are used by backup table, mapping_blocks_off will
+	 * be adjusted.
+	 */
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, ni->backup_table_ba,
+					ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+					&table_start_ba, &table_end_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		/*
+		 * There is nothing to do if failed to write backup table.
+		 * Write the main table now.
+		 */
+		nlog_err(ni, "No room for backup table\n");
+		ni->mapping_blocks_ba = ni->backup_table_ba;
+		ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+		main_table_limit = ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+		goto write_main_table;
+	}
+
+	/* Backup table is successfully written, record its offset */
+	ni->backup_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_off */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+	nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+	/* The normal limit of main table */
+	main_table_limit = ni->backup_table_ba;
+
+	nlog_table_update(ni, false, table_start_ba, table_end_ba);
+
+write_main_table:
+	if (!ni->main_table_ba)
+		goto rebuild_tables;
+
+	/* Write main info table in its current range */
+	success = nmbm_write_info_table(ni, ni->main_table_ba,
+					main_table_limit, &table_start_ba,
+					&table_end_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		/* If failed to write main table, go rescue procedure */
+		if (!ni->backup_table_ba)
+			goto rebuild_tables;
+
+		return nmbm_rescue_main_info_table(ni);
+	}
+
+	/* Main info table is successfully written, record its offset */
+	ni->main_table_ba = table_start_ba;
+
+	/* Adjust mapping_blocks_off */
+	if (!ni->backup_table_ba)
+		ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+	nmbm_mark_tables_clean(ni);
+
+	nlog_table_update(ni, true, table_start_ba, table_end_ba);
+
+	return true;
+
+rebuild_tables:
+	return nmbm_rebuild_info_table(ni);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_update_info_table - Update info table
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * Update both main and backup info table. Return true if at least one table
+ * has been successfully written.
+ * This function will try to update info table repeatedly until no new bad
+ * block found during updating.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_update_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	bool success;
+
+	if (ni->protected)
+		return true;
+
+	while (ni->block_state_changed || ni->block_mapping_changed) {
+		success = nmbm_update_info_table_once(ni, false);
+		if (!success) {
+			nlog_err(ni, "Failed to update info table\n");
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_map_block - Map a bad block to a unused spare block
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @lb: logic block addr to map
+ */
+static bool nmbm_map_block(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t lb)
+{
+	uint32_t pb;
+	bool success;
+
+	if (ni->mapping_blocks_ba == ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "No spare unmapped blocks.\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	success = nmbm_block_walk(ni, false, ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba, &pb, 0,
+				  ni->mapping_blocks_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "No spare unmapped blocks.\n");
+		nmbm_update_info_table(ni);
+		ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba = ni->mapping_blocks_ba;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	ni->block_mapping[lb] = pb;
+	ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba--;
+	ni->block_mapping_changed++;
+
+	nlog_info(ni, "Logic block %u mapped to physical block %u\n", lb, pb);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_create_info_table - Create info table(s)
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ *
+ * This function assumes that the chip has no existing info table(s)
+ */
+static bool nmbm_create_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t lb;
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Set initial mapping_blocks_top_off  */
+	success = nmbm_block_walk(ni, false, ni->signature_ba,
+				  &ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba, 1,
+				  ni->mgmt_start_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_err(ni, "No room for spare blocks\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Generate info table cache */
+	nmbm_generate_info_table_cache(ni);
+
+	/* Write info table */
+	success = nmbm_rebuild_info_table(ni);
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_err(ni, "Failed to build info tables\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Remap bad block(s) at end of data area */
+	for (lb = ni->data_block_count; lb < ni->mgmt_start_ba; lb++) {
+		success = nmbm_map_block(ni, lb);
+		if (!success)
+			break;
+
+		ni->data_block_count++;
+	}
+
+	/* If state table and/or mapping table changed, update info table. */
+	success = nmbm_update_info_table(ni);
+	if (!success)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_create_new - Create NMBM on a new chip
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ */
+static bool nmbm_create_new(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Determine the boundary of management blocks */
+	ni->mgmt_start_ba = ni->block_count * (NMBM_MGMT_DIV - ni->max_ratio) / NMBM_MGMT_DIV;
+
+	if (ni->max_reserved_blocks && ni->block_count - ni->mgmt_start_ba > ni->max_reserved_blocks)
+		ni->mgmt_start_ba = ni->block_count - ni->max_reserved_blocks;
+
+	nlog_info(ni, "NMBM management region starts at block %u [0x%08llx]\n",
+		  ni->mgmt_start_ba, ba2addr(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba));
+
+	/* Fill block state table & mapping table */
+	nmbm_scan_badblocks(ni);
+	nmbm_build_mapping_table(ni);
+
+	/* Write signature */
+	ni->signature.header.magic = NMBM_MAGIC_SIGNATURE;
+	ni->signature.header.version = NMBM_VER;
+	ni->signature.header.size = sizeof(ni->signature);
+	ni->signature.nand_size = bmtd.total_blks << bmtd.blk_shift;
+	ni->signature.block_size = bmtd.blk_size;
+	ni->signature.page_size = bmtd.pg_size;
+	ni->signature.spare_size = bmtd.mtd->oobsize;
+	ni->signature.mgmt_start_pb = ni->mgmt_start_ba;
+	ni->signature.max_try_count = NMBM_TRY_COUNT;
+	nmbm_update_checksum(&ni->signature.header);
+
+	success = nmbm_write_signature(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba,
+				       &ni->signature, &ni->signature_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_err(ni, "Failed to write signature to a proper offset\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	nlog_info(ni, "Signature has been written to block %u [0x%08llx]\n",
+		 ni->signature_ba, ba2addr(ni, ni->signature_ba));
+
+	/* Write info table(s) */
+	success = nmbm_create_info_table(ni);
+	if (success) {
+		nlog_info(ni, "NMBM has been successfully created\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_check_info_table_header - Check if a info table header is valid
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @data: pointer to the info table header
+ */
+static bool nmbm_check_info_table_header(struct nmbm_instance *ni, void *data)
+{
+	struct nmbm_info_table_header *ifthdr = data;
+
+	if (ifthdr->header.magic != NMBM_MAGIC_INFO_TABLE)
+		return false;
+
+	if (ifthdr->header.size != ni->info_table_size)
+		return false;
+
+	if (ifthdr->mapping_table_off - ifthdr->state_table_off < ni->state_table_size)
+		return false;
+
+	if (ni->info_table_size - ifthdr->mapping_table_off < ni->mapping_table_size)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_check_info_table - Check if a whole info table is valid
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @start_ba: start block address of this table
+ * @end_ba: end block address of this table
+ * @data: pointer to the info table header
+ * @mapping_blocks_top_ba: return the block address of top remapped block
+ */
+static bool nmbm_check_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t start_ba,
+				  uint32_t end_ba, void *data,
+				  uint32_t *mapping_blocks_top_ba)
+{
+	struct nmbm_info_table_header *ifthdr = data;
+	int32_t *block_mapping = (int32_t *)((uintptr_t)data + ifthdr->mapping_table_off);
+	u32 *block_state = (u32 *)((uintptr_t)data + ifthdr->state_table_off);
+	uint32_t minimum_mapping_pb = ni->signature_ba;
+	uint32_t ba;
+
+	for (ba = 0; ba < ni->data_block_count; ba++) {
+		if ((block_mapping[ba] >= ni->data_block_count && block_mapping[ba] < end_ba) ||
+		    block_mapping[ba] == ni->signature_ba)
+			return false;
+
+		if (block_mapping[ba] >= end_ba && block_mapping[ba] < minimum_mapping_pb)
+			minimum_mapping_pb = block_mapping[ba];
+	}
+
+	for (ba = start_ba; ba < end_ba; ba++) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) != BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			continue;
+
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state_raw(block_state, ba) != BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	*mapping_blocks_top_ba = minimum_mapping_pb - 1;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_try_load_info_table - Try to load info table from a address
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: start block address of the info table
+ * @eba: return the block address after end of the table
+ * @write_count: return the write count of this table
+ * @mapping_blocks_top_ba: return the block address of top remapped block
+ * @table_loaded: used to record whether ni->info_table has valid data
+ */
+static bool nmbm_try_load_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				     uint32_t *eba, uint32_t *write_count,
+				     uint32_t *mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+				     bool table_loaded)
+{
+	struct nmbm_info_table_header *ifthdr = (void *)ni->info_table_cache;
+	uint8_t *off = ni->info_table_cache;
+	uint32_t limit = ba + size2blk(ni, ni->info_table_size);
+	uint32_t start_ba = 0, chunksize, sizeremain = ni->info_table_size;
+	bool success, checkhdr = true;
+	int ret;
+
+	while (sizeremain && ba < limit) {
+		if (nmbm_get_block_state(ni, ba) != BLOCK_ST_GOOD)
+			goto next_block;
+
+		if (nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(ni, ba)) {
+			nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+			goto next_block;
+		}
+
+		chunksize = sizeremain;
+		if (chunksize > bmtd.blk_size)
+			chunksize = bmtd.blk_size;
+
+		/* Assume block with ECC error has no info table data */
+		ret = nmbn_read_data(ni, ba2addr(ni, ba), off, chunksize);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			goto skip_bad_block;
+		else if (ret > 0)
+			return false;
+
+		if (checkhdr) {
+			success = nmbm_check_info_table_header(ni, off);
+			if (!success)
+				return false;
+
+			start_ba = ba;
+			checkhdr = false;
+		}
+
+		off += chunksize;
+		sizeremain -= chunksize;
+
+		goto next_block;
+
+	skip_bad_block:
+		/* Only mark bad in memory */
+		nmbm_set_block_state(ni, ba, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+
+	next_block:
+		ba++;
+	}
+
+	if (sizeremain)
+		return false;
+
+	success = nmbm_check_header(ni->info_table_cache, ni->info_table_size);
+	if (!success)
+		return false;
+
+	*eba = ba;
+	*write_count = ifthdr->write_count;
+
+	success = nmbm_check_info_table(ni, start_ba, ba, ni->info_table_cache,
+					mapping_blocks_top_ba);
+	if (!success)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!table_loaded || ifthdr->write_count > ni->info_table.write_count) {
+		memcpy(&ni->info_table, ifthdr, sizeof(ni->info_table));
+		memcpy(ni->block_state,
+		       (uint8_t *)ifthdr + ifthdr->state_table_off,
+		       ni->state_table_size);
+		memcpy(ni->block_mapping,
+		       (uint8_t *)ifthdr + ifthdr->mapping_table_off,
+		       ni->mapping_table_size);
+		ni->info_table.write_count = ifthdr->write_count;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_search_info_table - Search info table from specific address
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: start block address to search
+ * @limit: highest block address allowed for searching
+ * @table_start_ba: return the start block address of this table
+ * @table_end_ba: return the block address after end of this table
+ * @write_count: return the write count of this table
+ * @mapping_blocks_top_ba: return the block address of top remapped block
+ * @table_loaded: used to record whether ni->info_table has valid data
+ */
+static bool nmbm_search_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				   uint32_t limit, uint32_t *table_start_ba,
+				   uint32_t *table_end_ba,
+				   uint32_t *write_count,
+				   uint32_t *mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+				   bool table_loaded)
+{
+	bool success;
+
+	while (ba < limit - size2blk(ni, ni->info_table_size)) {
+		success = nmbm_try_load_info_table(ni, ba, table_end_ba,
+						   write_count,
+						   mapping_blocks_top_ba,
+						   table_loaded);
+		if (success) {
+			*table_start_ba = ba;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		ba++;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_load_info_table - Load info table(s) from a chip
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @ba: start block address to search info table
+ * @limit: highest block address allowed for searching
+ */
+static bool nmbm_load_info_table(struct nmbm_instance *ni, uint32_t ba,
+				 uint32_t limit)
+{
+	uint32_t main_table_end_ba, backup_table_end_ba, table_end_ba;
+	uint32_t main_mapping_blocks_top_ba, backup_mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+	uint32_t main_table_write_count, backup_table_write_count;
+	uint32_t i;
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Set initial value */
+	ni->main_table_ba = 0;
+	ni->backup_table_ba = 0;
+	ni->info_table.write_count = 0;
+	ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba = ni->signature_ba - 1;
+	ni->data_block_count = ni->signature.mgmt_start_pb;
+
+	/* Find first info table */
+	success = nmbm_search_info_table(ni, ba, limit, &ni->main_table_ba,
+		&main_table_end_ba, &main_table_write_count,
+		&main_mapping_blocks_top_ba, false);
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "No valid info table found\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	table_end_ba = main_table_end_ba;
+
+	nlog_table_found(ni, true, main_table_write_count, ni->main_table_ba,
+			main_table_end_ba);
+
+	/* Find second info table */
+	success = nmbm_search_info_table(ni, main_table_end_ba, limit,
+		&ni->backup_table_ba, &backup_table_end_ba,
+		&backup_table_write_count, &backup_mapping_blocks_top_ba, true);
+	if (!success) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "Second info table not found\n");
+	} else {
+		table_end_ba = backup_table_end_ba;
+
+		nlog_table_found(ni, false, backup_table_write_count,
+				ni->backup_table_ba, backup_table_end_ba);
+	}
+
+	/* Pick mapping_blocks_top_ba */
+	if (!ni->backup_table_ba) {
+		ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba= main_mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+	} else {
+		if (main_table_write_count >= backup_table_write_count)
+			ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba = main_mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+		else
+			ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba = backup_mapping_blocks_top_ba;
+	}
+
+	/* Set final mapping_blocks_ba */
+	ni->mapping_blocks_ba = table_end_ba;
+
+	/* Set final data_block_count */
+	for (i = ni->signature.mgmt_start_pb; i > 0; i--) {
+		if (ni->block_mapping[i - 1] >= 0) {
+			ni->data_block_count = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Regenerate the info table cache from the final selected info table */
+	nmbm_generate_info_table_cache(ni);
+
+	/*
+	 * If only one table exists, try to write another table.
+	 * If two tables have different write count, try to update info table
+	 */
+	if (!ni->backup_table_ba) {
+		success = nmbm_rescue_single_info_table(ni);
+	} else if (main_table_write_count != backup_table_write_count) {
+		/* Mark state & mapping tables changed */
+		ni->block_state_changed = 1;
+		ni->block_mapping_changed = 1;
+
+		success = nmbm_update_single_info_table(ni,
+			main_table_write_count < backup_table_write_count);
+	} else {
+		success = true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is no spare unmapped blocks, or still only one table
+	 * exists, set the chip to read-only
+	 */
+	if (ni->mapping_blocks_ba == ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "No spare unmapped blocks. Device is now read-only\n");
+		ni->protected = 1;
+	} else if (!success) {
+		nlog_warn(ni, "Only one info table found. Device is now read-only\n");
+		ni->protected = 1;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_load_existing - Load NMBM from a new chip
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ */
+static bool nmbm_load_existing(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	bool success;
+
+	/* Calculate the boundary of management blocks */
+	ni->mgmt_start_ba = ni->signature.mgmt_start_pb;
+
+	nlog_debug(ni, "NMBM management region starts at block %u [0x%08llx]\n",
+		  ni->mgmt_start_ba, ba2addr(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba));
+
+	/* Look for info table(s) */
+	success = nmbm_load_info_table(ni, ni->mgmt_start_ba,
+		ni->signature_ba);
+	if (success) {
+		nlog_info(ni, "NMBM has been successfully attached\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (!ni->force_create) {
+		printk("not creating NMBM table\n");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Fill block state table & mapping table */
+	nmbm_scan_badblocks(ni);
+	nmbm_build_mapping_table(ni);
+
+	/* Write info table(s) */
+	success = nmbm_create_info_table(ni);
+	if (success) {
+		nlog_info(ni, "NMBM has been successfully created\n");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_find_signature - Find signature in the lower NAND chip
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ * @signature_ba: used for storing block address of the signature
+ * @signature_ba: return the actual block address of signature block
+ *
+ * Find a valid signature from a specific range in the lower NAND chip,
+ * from bottom (highest address) to top (lowest address)
+ *
+ * Return true if found.
+ */
+static bool nmbm_find_signature(struct nmbm_instance *ni,
+				struct nmbm_signature *signature,
+				uint32_t *signature_ba)
+{
+	struct nmbm_signature sig;
+	uint64_t off, addr;
+	uint32_t block_count, ba, limit;
+	bool success;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Calculate top and bottom block address */
+	block_count = bmtd.total_blks;
+	ba = block_count;
+	limit = (block_count / NMBM_MGMT_DIV) * (NMBM_MGMT_DIV - ni->max_ratio);
+	if (ni->max_reserved_blocks && block_count - limit > ni->max_reserved_blocks)
+		limit = block_count - ni->max_reserved_blocks;
+
+	while (ba >= limit) {
+		ba--;
+		addr = ba2addr(ni, ba);
+
+		if (nmbm_check_bad_phys_block(ni, ba))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check every page.
+		 * As long as at leaset one page contains valid signature,
+		 * the block is treated as a valid signature block.
+		 */
+		for (off = 0; off < bmtd.blk_size;
+		     off += bmtd.pg_size) {
+			ret = nmbn_read_data(ni, addr + off, &sig,
+					     sizeof(sig));
+			if (ret)
+				continue;
+
+			/* Check for header size and checksum */
+			success = nmbm_check_header(&sig, sizeof(sig));
+			if (!success)
+				continue;
+
+			/* Check for header magic */
+			if (sig.header.magic == NMBM_MAGIC_SIGNATURE) {
+				/* Found it */
+				memcpy(signature, &sig, sizeof(sig));
+				*signature_ba = ba;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_calc_structure_size - Calculate the instance structure size
+ * @nld: NMBM lower device structure
+ */
+static size_t nmbm_calc_structure_size(void)
+{
+	uint32_t state_table_size, mapping_table_size, info_table_size;
+	uint32_t block_count;
+
+	block_count = bmtd.total_blks;
+
+	/* Calculate info table size */
+	state_table_size = ((block_count + NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT - 1) /
+		NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT) * NMBM_BITMAP_UNIT_SIZE;
+	mapping_table_size = block_count * sizeof(int32_t);
+
+	info_table_size = ALIGN(sizeof(struct nmbm_info_table_header),
+				     bmtd.pg_size);
+	info_table_size += ALIGN(state_table_size, bmtd.pg_size);
+	info_table_size += ALIGN(mapping_table_size, bmtd.pg_size);
+
+	return info_table_size + state_table_size + mapping_table_size +
+		sizeof(struct nmbm_instance);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_init_structure - Initialize members of instance structure
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ */
+static void nmbm_init_structure(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	uint32_t pages_per_block, blocks_per_chip;
+	uintptr_t ptr;
+
+	pages_per_block = bmtd.blk_size / bmtd.pg_size;
+	blocks_per_chip = bmtd.total_blks;
+
+	ni->rawpage_size = bmtd.pg_size + bmtd.mtd->oobsize;
+	ni->rawblock_size = pages_per_block * ni->rawpage_size;
+	ni->rawchip_size = blocks_per_chip * ni->rawblock_size;
+
+	/* Calculate number of block this chip */
+	ni->block_count = blocks_per_chip;
+
+	/* Calculate info table size */
+	ni->state_table_size = ((ni->block_count + NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT - 1) /
+		NMBM_BITMAP_BLOCKS_PER_UNIT) * NMBM_BITMAP_UNIT_SIZE;
+	ni->mapping_table_size = ni->block_count * sizeof(*ni->block_mapping);
+
+	ni->info_table_size = ALIGN(sizeof(ni->info_table),
+					 bmtd.pg_size);
+	ni->info_table.state_table_off = ni->info_table_size;
+
+	ni->info_table_size += ALIGN(ni->state_table_size,
+					  bmtd.pg_size);
+	ni->info_table.mapping_table_off = ni->info_table_size;
+
+	ni->info_table_size += ALIGN(ni->mapping_table_size,
+					  bmtd.pg_size);
+
+	ni->info_table_spare_blocks = nmbm_get_spare_block_count(
+		size2blk(ni, ni->info_table_size));
+
+	/* Assign memory to members */
+	ptr = (uintptr_t)ni + sizeof(*ni);
+
+	ni->info_table_cache = (void *)ptr;
+	ptr += ni->info_table_size;
+
+	ni->block_state = (void *)ptr;
+	ptr += ni->state_table_size;
+
+	ni->block_mapping = (void *)ptr;
+	ptr += ni->mapping_table_size;
+
+	ni->page_cache = bmtd.data_buf;
+
+	/* Initialize block state table */
+	ni->block_state_changed = 0;
+	memset(ni->block_state, 0xff, ni->state_table_size);
+
+	/* Initialize block mapping table */
+	ni->block_mapping_changed = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * nmbm_attach - Attach to a lower device
+ * @ni: NMBM instance structure
+ */
+static int nmbm_attach(struct nmbm_instance *ni)
+{
+	bool success;
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Initialize NMBM instance */
+	nmbm_init_structure(ni);
+
+	success = nmbm_find_signature(ni, &ni->signature, &ni->signature_ba);
+	if (!success) {
+		if (!ni->force_create) {
+			nlog_err(ni, "Signature not found\n");
+			return -ENODEV;
+		}
+
+		success = nmbm_create_new(ni);
+		if (!success)
+			return -ENODEV;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	nlog_info(ni, "Signature found at block %u [0x%08llx]\n",
+		 ni->signature_ba, ba2addr(ni, ni->signature_ba));
+
+	if (ni->signature.header.version != NMBM_VER) {
+		nlog_err(ni, "NMBM version %u.%u is not supported\n",
+			NMBM_VERSION_MAJOR_GET(ni->signature.header.version),
+			NMBM_VERSION_MINOR_GET(ni->signature.header.version));
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (ni->signature.nand_size != bmtd.total_blks << bmtd.blk_shift ||
+	    ni->signature.block_size != bmtd.blk_size ||
+	    ni->signature.page_size != bmtd.pg_size ||
+	    ni->signature.spare_size != bmtd.mtd->oobsize) {
+		nlog_err(ni, "NMBM configuration mismatch\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	success = nmbm_load_existing(ni);
+	if (!success)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool remap_block_nmbm(u16 block, u16 mapped_block, int copy_len)
+{
+	struct nmbm_instance *ni = bmtd.ni;
+	int new_block;
+
+	if (block >= ni->data_block_count)
+		return false;
+
+	nmbm_set_block_state(ni, mapped_block, BLOCK_ST_BAD);
+	if (!nmbm_map_block(ni, block))
+		return false;
+
+	new_block = ni->block_mapping[block];
+	bbt_nand_erase(new_block);
+    if (copy_len > 0)
+		bbt_nand_copy(new_block, mapped_block, copy_len);
+	nmbm_update_info_table(ni);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static int get_mapping_block_index_nmbm(int block)
+{
+	struct nmbm_instance *ni = bmtd.ni;
+
+	if (block >= ni->data_block_count)
+		return -1;
+
+	return ni->block_mapping[block];
+}
+
+static int mtk_bmt_init_nmbm(struct device_node *np)
+{
+	struct nmbm_instance *ni;
+	int ret;
+
+	ni = kzalloc(nmbm_calc_structure_size(), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ni)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	bmtd.ni = ni;
+
+	if (of_property_read_u32(np, "mediatek,bmt-max-ratio", &ni->max_ratio))
+		ni->max_ratio = 1;
+	if (of_property_read_u32(np, "mediatek,bmt-max-reserved-blocks",
+				 &ni->max_reserved_blocks))
+		ni->max_reserved_blocks = 256;
+	if (of_property_read_bool(np, "mediatek,empty-page-ecc-protected"))
+		ni->empty_page_ecc_ok = true;
+	if (of_property_read_bool(np, "mediatek,bmt-force-create"))
+		ni->force_create = true;
+
+	ret = nmbm_attach(ni);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	bmtd.mtd->size = ni->data_block_count << bmtd.blk_shift;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	kfree(ni);
+	bmtd.ni = NULL;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_bmt_debug_nmbm(void *data, u64 val)
+{
+	struct nmbm_instance *ni = bmtd.ni;
+	int i;
+
+	switch (val) {
+	case 0:
+		for (i = 1; i < ni->data_block_count; i++) {
+			if (ni->block_mapping[i] < ni->mapping_blocks_ba)
+				continue;
+
+			printk("remap [%x->%x]\n", i, ni->block_mapping[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void unmap_block_nmbm(u16 block)
+{
+	struct nmbm_instance *ni = bmtd.ni;
+	int start, offset;
+	int new_block;
+
+	if (block >= ni->data_block_count)
+		return;
+
+	start = block;
+	offset = 0;
+	while (ni->block_mapping[start] >= ni->mapping_blocks_ba) {
+		start--;
+		offset++;
+		if (start < 0)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	if (!offset)
+		return;
+
+	new_block = ni->block_mapping[start] + offset;
+	nmbm_set_block_state(ni, new_block, BLOCK_ST_GOOD);
+	ni->block_mapping[block] = new_block;
+	ni->block_mapping_changed++;
+
+	new_block = ni->signature_ba - 1;
+	for (block = 0; block < ni->data_block_count; block++) {
+		int cur = ni->block_mapping[block];
+
+		if (cur < ni->mapping_blocks_ba)
+			continue;
+
+		if (cur <= new_block)
+			new_block = cur - 1;
+	}
+
+	ni->mapping_blocks_top_ba = new_block;
+
+	nmbm_update_info_table(ni);
+}
+
+const struct mtk_bmt_ops mtk_bmt_nmbm_ops = {
+	.init = mtk_bmt_init_nmbm,
+	.remap_block = remap_block_nmbm,
+	.unmap_block = unmap_block_nmbm,
+	.get_mapping_block = get_mapping_block_index_nmbm,
+	.debug = mtk_bmt_debug_nmbm,
+};
diff --git a/target/linux/generic/hack-5.10/430-mtk-bmt-support.patch b/target/linux/generic/hack-5.10/430-mtk-bmt-support.patch
index 50efb5a48a..62ddd66bf2 100644
--- a/target/linux/generic/hack-5.10/430-mtk-bmt-support.patch
+++ b/target/linux/generic/hack-5.10/430-mtk-bmt-support.patch
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  
  nandcore-objs := core.o bbt.o
  obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_CORE) += nandcore.o
-+obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_MTK_BMT)	+= mtk_bmt.o mtk_bmt_v2.o mtk_bmt_bbt.o
++obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_MTK_BMT)	+= mtk_bmt.o mtk_bmt_v2.o mtk_bmt_bbt.o mtk_bmt_nmbm.o
  
  obj-y	+= onenand/
  obj-y	+= raw/