From 849369d6c66d3054688672f97d31fceb8e8230fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: root Date: Fri, 25 Dec 2015 04:40:36 +0000 Subject: initial_commit --- Documentation/isdn/README.x25 | 184 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 184 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/isdn/README.x25 (limited to 'Documentation/isdn/README.x25') diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README.x25 b/Documentation/isdn/README.x25 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e561a77c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README.x25 @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ + +X.25 support within isdn4linux +============================== + +This is alpha/beta test code. Use it completely at your own risk. +As new versions appear, the stuff described here might suddenly change +or become invalid without notice. + +Keep in mind: + +You are using several new parts of the 2.2.x kernel series which +have not been tested in a large scale. Therefore, you might encounter +more bugs as usual. + +- If you connect to an X.25 neighbour not operated by yourself, ASK the + other side first. Be prepared that bugs in the protocol implementation + might result in problems. + +- This implementation has never wiped out my whole hard disk yet. But as + this is experimental code, don't blame me if that happened to you. + Backing up important data will never harm. + +- Monitor your isdn connections while using this software. This should + prevent you from undesired phone bills in case of driver problems. + + + + +How to configure the kernel +=========================== + +The ITU-T (former CCITT) X.25 network protocol layer has been implemented +in the Linux source tree since version 2.1.16. The isdn subsystem might be +useful to run X.25 on top of ISDN. If you want to try it, select + + "CCITT X.25 Packet Layer" + +from the networking options as well as + + "ISDN Support" and "X.25 PLP on Top of ISDN" + +from the ISDN subsystem options when you configure your kernel for +compilation. You currently also need to enable +"Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers" from the +"Code maturity level options" menu. For the x25trace utility to work +you also need to enable "Packet socket". + +For local testing it is also recommended to enable the isdnloop driver +from the isdn subsystem's configuration menu. + +For testing, it is recommended that all isdn drivers and the X.25 PLP +protocol are compiled as loadable modules. Like this, you can recover +from certain errors by simply unloading and reloading the modules. + + + +What's it for? How to use it? +============================= + +X.25 on top of isdn might be useful with two different scenarios: + +- You might want to access a public X.25 data network from your Linux box. + You can use i4l if you were physically connected to the X.25 switch + by an ISDN B-channel (leased line as well as dial up connection should + work). + + This corresponds to ITU-T recommendation X.31 Case A (circuit-mode + access to PSPDN [packet switched public data network]). + + NOTE: X.31 also covers a Case B (access to PSPDN via virtual + circuit / packet mode service). The latter mode (which in theory + also allows using the D-channel) is not supported by isdn4linux. + It should however be possible to establish such packet mode connections + with certain active isdn cards provided that the firmware supports X.31 + and the driver exports this functionality to the user. Currently, + the AVM B1 driver is the only driver which does so. (It should be + possible to access D-channel X.31 with active AVM cards using the + CAPI interface of the AVM-B1 driver). + +- Or you might want to operate certain ISDN teleservices on your linux + box. A lot of those teleservices run on top of the ISO-8208 + (DTE-DTE mode) network layer protocol. ISO-8208 is essentially the + same as ITU-T X.25. + + Popular candidates of such teleservices are EUROfile transfer or any + teleservice applying ITU-T recommendation T.90. + +To use the X.25 protocol on top of isdn, just create an isdn network +interface as usual, configure your own and/or peer's ISDN numbers, +and choose x25iface encapsulation by + + isdnctrl encap x25iface. + +Once encap is set like this, the device can be used by the X.25 packet layer. + +All the stuff needed for X.25 is implemented inside the isdn link +level (mainly isdn_net.c and some new source files). Thus, it should +work with every existing HL driver. I was able to successfully open X.25 +connections on top of the isdnloop driver and the hisax driver. +"x25iface"-encapsulation bypasses demand dialing. Dialing will be +initiated when the upper (X.25 packet) layer requests the lapb datalink to +be established. But hangup timeout is still active. Whenever a hangup +occurs, all existing X.25 connections on that link will be cleared +It is recommended to use sufficiently large hangup-timeouts for the +isdn interfaces. + + +In order to set up a conforming protocol stack you also need to +specify the proper l2_prot parameter: + +To operate in ISO-8208 X.25 DTE-DTE mode, use + + isdnctrl l2_prot x75i + +To access an X.25 network switch via isdn (your linux box is the DTE), use + + isdnctrl l2_prot x25dte + +To mimic an X.25 network switch (DCE side of the connection), use + + isdnctrl l2_prot x25dce + +However, x25dte or x25dce is currently not supported by any real HL +level driver. The main difference between x75i and x25dte/dce is that +x25d[tc]e uses fixed lap_b addresses. With x75i, the side which +initiates the isdn connection uses the DTE's lap_b address while the +called side used the DCE's lap_b address. Thus, l2_prot x75i might +probably work if you access a public X.25 network as long as the +corresponding isdn connection is set up by you. At least one test +was successful to connect via isdn4linux to an X.25 switch using this +trick. At the switch side, a terminal adapter X.21 was used to connect +it to the isdn. + + +How to set up a test installation? +================================== + +To test X.25 on top of isdn, you need to get + +- a recent version of the "isdnctrl" program that supports setting the new + X.25 specific parameters. + +- the x25-utils-2.X package from + ftp://ftp.hes.iki.fi/pub/ham/linux/ax25/x25utils-* + (don't confuse the x25-utils with the ax25-utils) + +- an application program that uses linux PF_X25 sockets (some are + contained in the x25-util package). + +Before compiling the user level utilities make sure that the compiler/ +preprocessor will fetch the proper kernel header files of this kernel +source tree. Either make /usr/include/linux a symbolic link pointing to +this kernel's include/linux directory or set the appropriate compiler flags. + +When all drivers and interfaces are loaded and configured you need to +ifconfig the network interfaces up and add X.25-routes to them. Use +the usual ifconfig tool. + +ifconfig up + +But a special x25route tool (distributed with the x25-util package) +is needed to set up X.25 routes. I.e. + +x25route add 01 + +will cause all x.25 connections to the destination X.25-address +"01" to be routed to your created isdn network interface. + +There are currently no real X.25 applications available. However, for +tests, the x25-utils package contains a modified version of telnet +and telnetd that uses X.25 sockets instead of tcp/ip sockets. You can +use those for your first tests. Furthermore, you might check +ftp://ftp.hamburg.pop.de/pub/LOCAL/linux/i4l-eft/ which contains some +alpha-test implementation ("eftp4linux") of the EUROfile transfer +protocol. + +The scripts distributed with the eftp4linux test releases might also +provide useful examples for setting up X.25 on top of isdn. + +The x25-utility package also contains an x25trace tool that can be +used to monitor X.25 packets received by the network interfaces. +The /proc/net/x25* files also contain useful information. + +- Henner -- cgit v1.2.3