# 布局常见问题
本页本页包含人们经常遇到的关于布局的问题。如果你觉得没什么问题,请先看[布局概览](keymap.md)。
## 我能用什么键码?
看[键码](keycodes.md)你可以找到你能用的键码索引。可以的话这些链接可以连接到更广泛的文档。
键码实际上定义在[common/keycode.h](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/tmk_core/common/keycode.h).
## 默认的键码什么样?
世界上有三种标准键盘设计,分别是:ANSI, ISO, and JIS. 主要是北美用ANSI(译者注:中国很多键盘使用这个), 欧洲和非洲主要使用ISO,日本使用JIS。未提及的区域通常使用ANSI或ISO。与这些设计对应的键代码如下所示:

## 我有一些键变成了其他功能或者不工作了
QMK有两个功能,Bootmagic和命令行,它允许您在运行中更改键盘的行为。该功能包括但不仅限于, 交换Ctrl/Caps,关闭界面,交换Alt/Gui,交换 Backspace/Backslash,禁用所有键,以及其他的行为改变。
快速解决方法是插入键盘时按住`Space`+`Backspace`。该操作将重置已保存设置,让这些键回复初始功能。这招不好用的话参阅下方:
* [Bootmagic](feature_bootmagic.md)
* [命令](feature_command.md)
## 菜单键不好用
现在大多数键盘 `KC_RGUI`和`KC_RCTL`中间的键子叫做`KC_APP`。这是因为在这个键子发明之前相关标准里就已经有键叫做`MENU(菜单)`了,所以微软叫他`APP(应用)`键。
## `KC_SYSREQ` 不工作
使用抓屏的键码(`KC_PSCREEN`或`KC_PSCR`)而不用`KC_SYSREQ`。组合键'Alt + Print Screen'会被当作'System request'。
见[issue #168](https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/168)和
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_request
## 电源键不工作
这有点让人困惑,QMK有两个"Power(电源)"键码: `KC_POWER` 在键盘/小键盘的HID使用页面中,`KC_SYSTEM_POWER` (或者叫`KC_PWR`)在用户页。
前者只能被macOS识别,但是后者,即`KC_SLEP`和`KC_WAKE`三大主要操作系统全都支持,所以推荐使用这两个。Windows下这些键立即生效,macOS要长按直到弹出对话框。
## 自动大小写锁定
可以解决'the'问题(正常应为The)。我经常在输入'The'时不慎输入了'the'或者'THe'。自动大小写锁定可以修正此类问题。详见下方链接。
https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/67
## 修改 键/层 卡住
除非正确配置层切换,否则修改键或层可能会卡住。
对于修改键和图层操作,必须把`KC_TRANS`放到目标层的相同位置,用于注销修改键或在释放事件时返回到上一层。
* https://github.com/tmk/tmk_core/blob/master/doc/keymap.md#31-momentary-switching
* http://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=57008.msg1492604#msg1492604
* https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/248
## 机械自锁开关支持Mechanical Lock Switch Support
本功能用于*机械自锁开关*比如[this Alps one](http://deskthority.net/wiki/Alps_SKCL_Lock)。你可以通过向`config.h`添加以下宏来使能该功能:
```
#define LOCKING_SUPPORT_ENABLE
#define LOCKING_RESYNC_ENABLE
```
在使能该功能后,要在键盘中使用`KC_LCAP`, `KC_LNUM` 和 `KC_LSCR`这三个键码。
远古机械键盘偶尔会有自锁机械开关,现在几乎没有了。***大多数情况下你不需要使用该功能,且要使用`KC_CAPS`, `KC_NLCK`和`KC_SLCK`这三个键码。***
## 输入ASCII之外的特殊字符比如Cédille 'Ç'
请见[Unicode](feature_unicode.md)功能。
## macOS上的`Fn`
不像大多数FN键,苹果上那个有自己的键码...呃,基本上算吧。 他取缔了基本6键无冲HID报告的第六个键码 -- 所以苹果键盘其实是5键无冲的。
技术上说QMK可以发送这个键。但是,这样做需要修改报告格式以添加FN键的状态。这还不是最糟糕的,你的键盘的VID和PID和真的苹果键盘不一样的话还不会被识别。
QMK官方支持这个会被律师函的,所以就当我没说过。
详见[issue#2179](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/issues/2179)。
## Mac OSX的媒体控制键
#### KC_MNXT 和 KC_MPRV 在Mac上不好用
使用 `KC_MFFD`(`KC_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD`) 和 `KC_MRWD`(`KC_MEDIA_REWIND`),不要用 `KC_MNXT` 和 `KC_MPRV`.
详见 https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/195
## Mac OSX中支持那些键?
你可以从此源码中获知在OSX中支持哪些键码
`usb_2_adb_keymap` 阵列映射 键盘/小键盘 页用于ADB扫描码(OSX内部键码).
https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDFamily-606.1.7/IOHIDFamily/Cosmo_USB2ADB.c
`IOHIDConsumer::dispatchConsumerEvent`会处理用户页面用法。
https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDFamily-606.1.7/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDConsumer.cpp
## Mac OSX中的JIS键
岛国特别键比如`無変換(Muhenkan)`, `変換(Henkan)`, `ひらがな(hiragana)`OSX是不是别的。You can use **Seil** to enable those keys, try following options.
* 在电脑键盘上使能NFER键
* 在电脑键盘上使能XFER键
* 在电脑键盘上使能KATAKAN键
https://pqrs.org/osx/karabiner/seil.html
## RN-42蓝牙模块与Karabiner不能有效协同工作
Karabiner - Mac OSX的改键软件 - 默认RN-42模块是不会被响应的。想要Karabiner和你的键盘协同工作你要使能此选项:
https://github.com/tekezo/Karabiner/issues/403#issuecomment-102559237
此问题详见下方链接。
https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/213
https://github.com/tekezo/Karabiner/issues/403
## Esc 和 ` 双功能键
请见[Grave Escape](feature_grave_esc.md)功能。
## Mac OSX的弹出键
`KC_EJCT` 键码在OSX可以使用 https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/250
似乎Windows10会忽略该键码,Linux/Xorg可以识别该键码但默认不映射。
目前尚不清楚如何在真正的苹果键盘按出弹出键。HHKB使用`F20`用于弹出键(`Fn+f`),该功能在MAC模式有效但不保证与苹果弹出键码相符。
## `action_util.c`中的 `weak_mods`和`real_mods`是什么
___待改善___
real_mods 用于保存实际(物理)修改键的实际状态。
weak_mods 用于保存虚拟或临时修改键,它将不会影响实际修改键。
以按下左侧Shift键然后输入ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A)为例,
在weak_mods时,
* (1) 按下不抬起左Shift: real_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (2) 按 ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): weak_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (3) 抬起 ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): weak_mods &= ~MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
real_mods 还是保持在修改状态。
在没有weak_mods时,
* (1) 按下不抬起左Shift: real_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (2) 按 ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): real_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (3) 抬起 ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): real_mods &= ~MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
此时real_mods失去‘实际左Shift’的状态。
weak_mods和real_mods现已全部加入键盘数据包发送豪华套餐。
https://github.com/tmk/tmk_core/blob/master/common/action_util.c#L57
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// dear imgui: Platform Binding for OSX / Cocoa
// This needs to be used along with a Renderer (e.g. OpenGL2, OpenGL3, Vulkan, Metal..)
// [BETA] Beta bindings, not well tested. If you want a portable application, prefer using the Glfw or SDL platform bindings on Mac.
// Issues:
// [ ] Platform: Keys are all generally very broken. Best using [event keycode] and not [event characters]..
// [ ] Platform: Mouse cursor shapes and visibility are not supported (see end of https://github.com/glfw/glfw/issues/427)
#include "imgui.h"
#include "imgui_impl_osx.h"
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
// CHANGELOG
// (minor and older changes stripped away, please see git history for details)
// 2018-07-07: Initial version.
// Data
static CFAbsoluteTime g_Time = 0.0;
// Functions
bool ImGui_ImplOSX_Init()
{
ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
// Setup back-end capabilities flags
//io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors; // We can honor GetMouseCursor() values (optional)
//io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos; // We can honor io.WantSetMousePos requests (optional, rarely used)
//io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports; // We can create multi-viewports on the Platform side (optional)
//io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport; // We can set io.MouseHoveredViewport correctly (optional, not easy)
// Keyboard mapping. ImGui will use those indices to peek into the io.KeyDown[] array.
const int offset_for_function_keys = 256 - 0xF700;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Tab] = '\t';
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_LeftArrow] = NSLeftArrowFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_RightArrow] = NSRightArrowFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_UpArrow] = NSUpArrowFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_DownArrow] = NSDownArrowFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_PageUp] = NSPageUpFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_PageDown] = NSPageDownFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Home] = NSHomeFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_End] = NSEndFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Insert] = NSInsertFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Delete] = NSDeleteFunctionKey + offset_for_function_keys;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Backspace] = 127;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Space] = 32;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Enter] = 13;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Escape] = 27;
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_A] = 'A';
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_C] = 'C';
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_V] = 'V';
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_X] = 'X';
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Y] = 'Y';
io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Z] = 'Z';
io.SetClipboardTextFn = [](void*, const char* str) -> void
{
NSPasteboard* pasteboard = [NSPasteboard generalPasteboard];
[pasteboard declareTypes:[NSArray arrayWithObject:NSPasteboardTypeString] owner:nil];
[pasteboard setString:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:str] forType:NSPasteboardTypeString];
};
io.GetClipboardTextFn = [](void*) -> const char*
{
NSPasteboard* pasteboard = [NSPasteboard generalPasteboard];
NSString* available = [pasteboard availableTypeFromArray: [NSArray arrayWithObject:NSPasteboardTypeString]];
if (![available isEqualToString:NSPasteboardTypeString])
return NULL;
NSString* string = [pasteboard stringForType:NSPasteboardTypeString];
if (string == nil)
return NULL;
const char* string_c = (const char*)[string UTF8String];
size_t string_len = strlen(string_c);
static ImVector<char> s_clipboard;
s_clipboard.resize((int)string_len + 1);
strcpy(s_clipboard.Data, string_c);
return s_clipboard.Data;
};
return true;
}
void ImGui_ImplOSX_Shutdown()
{
}
void ImGui_ImplOSX_NewFrame(NSView* view)
{
// Setup display size
ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
const float dpi = [view.window backingScaleFactor];
io.DisplaySize = ImVec2((float)view.bounds.size.width, (float)view.bounds.size.height);
io.DisplayFramebufferScale = ImVec2(dpi, dpi);
// Setup time step
if (g_Time == 0.0)
g_Time = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();
CFAbsoluteTime current_time = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();
io.DeltaTime = current_time - g_Time;
g_Time = current_time;
}
static int mapCharacterToKey(int c)
{
if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
return c - 'a' + 'A';
if (c == 25) // SHIFT+TAB -> TAB
return 9;
if (c >= 0 && c < 256)
return c;
if (c >= 0xF700 && c < 0xF700 + 256)
return c - 0xF700 + 256;
return -1;
}
static void resetKeys()
{
ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.KeysDown); n++)
io.KeysDown[n] = false;
}
bool ImGui_ImplOSX_HandleEvent(NSEvent* event, NSView* view)
{
ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
if (event.type == NSEventTypeLeftMouseDown || event.type == NSEventTypeRightMouseDown || event.type == NSEventTypeOtherMouseDown)
{
int button = (int)[event buttonNumber];
if (button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.MouseDown))
io.MouseDown[button] = true;
return io.WantCaptureMouse;
}
if (event.type == NSEventTypeLeftMouseUp || event.type == NSEventTypeRightMouseUp || event.type == NSEventTypeOtherMouseUp)
{
int button = (int)[event buttonNumber];
if (button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.MouseDown))
io.MouseDown[button] = false;
return io.WantCaptureMouse;
}
if (event.type == NSEventTypeMouseMoved || event.type == NSEventTypeLeftMouseDragged)
{
NSPoint mousePoint = event.locationInWindow;
mousePoint = [view convertPoint:mousePoint fromView:nil];
mousePoint = NSMakePoint(mousePoint.x, view.bounds.size.height - mousePoint.y);
io.MousePos = ImVec2(mousePoint.x, mousePoint.y);
}
if (event.type == NSEventTypeScrollWheel)
{
double wheel_dx = 0.0;
double wheel_dy = 0.0;
#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 1070
if (floor(NSAppKitVersionNumber) > NSAppKitVersionNumber10_6)
{
wheel_dx = [event scrollingDeltaX];
wheel_dy = [event scrollingDeltaY];
if ([event hasPreciseScrollingDeltas])
{
wheel_dx *= 0.1;
wheel_dy *= 0.1;
}
}
else
#endif /*MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED*/
{
wheel_dx = [event deltaX];
wheel_dy = [event deltaY];
}
if (fabs(wheel_dx) > 0.0)
io.MouseWheelH += wheel_dx * 0.1f;
if (fabs(wheel_dy) > 0.0)
io.MouseWheel += wheel_dy * 0.1f;
return io.WantCaptureMouse;
}
// FIXME: All the key handling is wrong and broken. Refer to GLFW's cocoa_init.mm and cocoa_window.mm.
if (event.type == NSEventTypeKeyDown)
{
NSString* str = [event characters];
int len = (int)[str length];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int c = [str characterAtIndex:i];
if (c < 0xF700 && !io.KeyCtrl)
io.AddInputCharacter((unsigned short)c);
// We must reset in case we're pressing a sequence of special keys while keeping the command pressed
int key = mapCharacterToKey(c);
if (key != -1 && key < 256 && !io.KeyCtrl)
resetKeys();
if (key != -1)
io.KeysDown[key] = true;
}
return io.WantCaptureKeyboard;
}
if (event.type == NSEventTypeKeyUp)
{
NSString* str = [event characters];
int len = (int)[str length];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int c = [str characterAtIndex:i];
int key = mapCharacterToKey(c);
if (key != -1)
io.KeysDown[key] = false;
}
return io.WantCaptureKeyboard;
}
if (event.type == NSEventTypeFlagsChanged)
{
ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
unsigned int flags = [event modifierFlags] & NSEventModifierFlagDeviceIndependentFlagsMask;
bool oldKeyCtrl = io.KeyCtrl;
bool oldKeyShift = io.KeyShift;
bool oldKeyAlt = io.KeyAlt;
bool oldKeySuper = io.KeySuper;
io.KeyCtrl = flags & NSEventModifierFlagControl;
io.KeyShift = flags & NSEventModifierFlagShift;
io.KeyAlt = flags & NSEventModifierFlagOption;
io.KeySuper = flags & NSEventModifierFlagCommand;
// We must reset them as we will not receive any keyUp event if they where pressed with a modifier
if ((oldKeyShift && !io.KeyShift) || (oldKeyCtrl && !io.KeyCtrl) || (oldKeyAlt && !io.KeyAlt) || (oldKeySuper && !io.KeySuper))
resetKeys();
return io.WantCaptureKeyboard;
}
return false;
}