.. program:: ghdl .. _USING:Simulation: Simulation and runtime ###################### .. _simulation_options: Simulation options ================== In most system environments, it is possible to pass options while invoking a program. Contrary to most programming languages, there is no standard method in VHDL to obtain the arguments or to set the exit status. In GHDL, it is impossible to pass parameters to your design. A later version could do it through the generic interfaces of the top entity. However, the GHDL runtime behaviour can be modified with some options; for example, it is possible to stop simulation after a certain time. The exit status of the simulation is ``EXIT_SUCCESS`` (0) if the simulation completes, or ``EXIT_FAILURE`` (1) in case of error (assertion failure, overflow or any constraint error). Here is the list of the most useful options. Some debugging options are also available, but not described here. The :option:`--help` option lists all options available, including the debugging one. .. option:: --assert-level<=LEVEL> Select the assertion level at which an assertion violation stops the simulation. `LEVEL` is the name from the `severity_level` enumerated type defined in the `standard` package or the ``none`` name. By default, only assertion violation of severity level ``failure`` stops the simulation. For example, if `LEVEL` was ``warning``, any assertion violation with severity level ``warning``, ``error`` or ``failure`` would stop simulation, but the assertion violation at the ``note`` severity level would only display a message. Option :option:`--assert-level=none` prevents any assertion violation from stopping simulation. .. option:: --ieee-asserts<=POLICY> Select how the assertions from ``ieee`` units are handled. `POLICY` can be ``enable`` (the default), ``disable`` which disables all assertions from ``ieee`` packages and ``disable-at-0`` which disables only at the start of simulation. This option can be useful to avoid assertion messages from ``ieee.numeric_std`` (and other ``ieee`` packages). .. option:: --stop-time<=TIME> Stop the simulation after ``TIME``. ``TIME`` is expressed as a time value, *without* any space. The time is the simulation time, not the real clock time. For example:: $ ./my_design --stop-time=10ns $ ./my_design --stop-time=ps .. option:: --stop-delta<=N> Stop the simulation after `N` delta cycles in the same current time. The default is 5000. .. index:: display time .. option:: --disp-time Display the time and delta cycle number as simulation advances. .. option:: --unbuffered Disable buffering on stdout, stderr and files opened in write or append mode (TEXTIO). .. option:: --max-stack-alloc<=N> Emit an error message in case of allocation on the stack of an object larger than `N` KB. Use 0 to disable these checks. .. option:: --sdf<=PATH=FILENAME> Do VITAL annotation on `PATH` with SDF file :file:`FILENAME`. `PATH` is a path of instances, separated with ``.`` or ``/``. Any separator can be used. Instances are component instantiation labels, generate labels or block labels. Currently, you cannot use an indexed name. Specifying a delay:: --sdf=min=PATH=FILENAME --sdf=typ=PATH=FILENAME --sdf=max=PATH=FILENAME If the option contains a type of delay, that is ``min=``, ``typ=`` or ``max=``, the annotator use respectively minimum, typical or maximum values. If the option does not contain a type of delay, the annotator uses the typical delay. See section :ref:`Backannotation`, for more details. .. option:: --vpi<=FILENAME> Load VPI module. .. option:: --vpi-trace<=FILE> Trace vpi calls to FILE. .. option:: --help Display a short description of the options accepted by the runtime library. .. _export_waves: Export waveforms ================ .. option:: --read-wave-opt= Filter signals to be dumped to the wave file according to the wave option file provided. Here is a description of the wave option file format currently supported :: $ version = 1.1 # Optional # Path format for signals in packages : my_pkg.global_signal_a # Path format for signals in entities : /top/sub/clk # Dump every signal named reset in first level sub entities of top /top/*/reset # Dump every signal named reset in recursive sub entities of top /top/**/reset # Dump every signal of sub2 which could be anywhere in the design except # on the top level /**/sub2/* # Dump every signal of sub3 which must be a first level sub entity of the # top level /*/sub3/* # Dump every signal of the first level sub entities of sub3 (but not # those of sub3) /**/sub3/*/* .. option:: --write-wave-opt= If the wave option file doesn't exist, creates it with all the signals of the design. Otherwise throws an error, because it won't erase an existing file. .. option:: --vcd<=FILENAME> .. option:: --vcdgz<=FILENAME> .. index:: vcd .. index:: value change dump .. index:: dump of signals Option :option:`--vcd` dumps into the VCD file `FILENAME` the signal values before each non-delta cycle. If `FILENAME` is ``-``, then the standard output is used, otherwise a file is created or overwritten. The :option:`--vcdgz` option is the same as the *--vcd* option, but the output is compressed using the `zlib` (`gzip` compression). However, you can't use the ``-`` filename. Furthermore, only one VCD file can be written. :dfn:`VCD` (value change dump) is a file format defined by the `verilog` standard and used by virtually any wave viewer. Since it comes from `verilog`, only a few VHDL types can be dumped. GHDL dumps only signals whose base type is of the following: * types defined in the ``std.standard`` package: * ``bit`` * ``bit_vector`` * types defined in the ``ieee.std_logic_1164`` package: * ``std_ulogic`` * ``std_logic`` (because it is a subtype of ``std_ulogic``) * ``std_ulogic_vector`` * ``std_logic_vector`` * any integer type I have successfully used `gtkwave` to view VCD files. Currently, there is no way to select signals to be dumped: all signals are dumped, which can generate big files. It is very unfortunate there is no standard or well-known wave file format supporting VHDL types. If you are aware of such a free format, please mail me (:ref:`Reporting_bugs`). .. option:: --vcd-nodate Do not write date in the VCD file. .. option:: --fst<=FILENAME> Write the waveforms into an `fst` file that can be displayed by `gtkwave`. The `fst` files are much smaller than VCD or `GHW` files, but it handles only the same signals as the VCD format. .. option:: --wave<=FILENAME> Write the waveforms into a `ghw` (GHdl Waveform) file. Currently, all the signals are dumped into the waveform file, you cannot select a hierarchy of signals to be dumped. The format of this file was defined by myself and is not yet completely fixed. It may change slightly. The ``gtkwave`` tool can read the GHW files. Contrary to VCD files, any VHDL type can be dumped into a GHW file. Export hierarchy and references =============================== .. option:: --disp-tree<[=KIND]> .. index:: display design hierarchy Display the design hierarchy as a tree of instantiated design entities. This may be useful to understand the structure of a complex design. `KIND` is optional, but if set must be one of: * ``none`` Do not display hierarchy. Same as if the option was not present. * ``inst`` Display entities, architectures, instances, blocks and generates statements. * ``proc`` Like ``inst`` but also display processes. * ``port`` Like ``proc`` but display ports and signals too. If `KIND` is not specified, the hierarchy is displayed with the ``port`` mode. .. option:: --no-run Stop the simulation before the first cycle. This may be used with :option:`--disp-tree` to display the tree without simulating the whole design. This option actually elaborates the design, so it will catch any bound error in port maps. .. option:: --xref-html <[options] file...> To easily navigate through your sources, you may generate cross-references. This command generates an html file for each ``file`` given in the command line, with syntax highlighting and full cross-reference: every identifier is a link to its declaration. An index of the files is created too. The set of ``file`` are analyzed, and then, if the analysis is successful, html files are generated in the directory specified by the :option:`-o ` option, or :file:`html/` directory by default. * If the option :option:`--format=html2` is specified, then the generated html files follow the HTML 2.0 standard, and colours are specified with `` tags. However, colours are hard-coded. * If the option :option:`--format=css` is specified, then the generated html files follow the HTML 4.0 standard, and use the CSS-1 file :file:`ghdl.css` to specify colours. This file is generated only if it does not already exist (it is never overwritten) and can be customized by the user to change colours or appearance. Refer to a generated file and its comments for more information. .. option:: --psl-report<=FILENAME> Write a report for PSL at the end of simulation. For each PSL cover and assert statements, the name, source location and whether it passed or failed is reported. The file is written using the JSON format, but is still human readable. .. option:: --file-to-xml Outputs an XML representation of the decorated syntax tree for the input file and its dependencies. It can be used for VHDL tooling using semantic information, like style checkers, documentation extraction, complexity estimation, etc. .. WARNING:: * The AST slightly changes from time to time (particularly when new nodes are added for new language features), so be liberal in what is allowed by your tool. Also, the XML can be quite large so consider it only during prototyping. * Note that at this time there is no XML dump of the elaborated design. .. index:: debugging Debugging ========= .. option:: --trace-signals Display signals after each cycle. .. option:: --trace-processes Display process name before each cycle. .. option:: --stats Display run-time statistics. .. option:: --disp-order Display signals order. .. option:: --disp-sources Display sources while displaying signals. .. option:: --disp-sig-types Display signal types. .. option:: --disp-signals-map Display map bw declared signals and internal signals. .. option:: --disp-signals-table Display internal signals. .. option:: --checks Do internal checks after each process run. .. option:: --activity<=LEVEL> Watch activity of LEVEL signals: LEVEL is ``all``, ``min`` (default) or ``none`` (unsafe). .. option:: --dump-rti Dump Run Time Information (RTI). .. option:: --bootstrap Allow ``--work=std`` GNU Debugger (GDB) ------------------ .. index:: `__ghdl_fatal` .. WARNING:: Debugging VHDL programs using `GDB` is possible only with GCC/LLVM. GDB is a general purpose debugger for programs compiled by GCC. Currently, there is no VHDL support for GDB. It may be difficult to inspect variables or signals in GDB. However, it is still able to display the stack frame in case of error or to set a breakpoint at a specified line. GDB can be useful to catch a runtime error, such as indexing an array beyond its bounds. All error check subprograms call the ``__ghdl_fatal`` procedure. Therefore, to a catch runtime error, set a breakpoint like this:: (gdb) break __ghdl_fatal When the breakpoint is hit, use the ``where`` or ``bt`` command to display the stack frames.