initial commit of public abc

1 files changed, 1255 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/aig/gia/giaAiger_old.c b/src/aig/gia/giaAiger_old.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a5ba5cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/aig/gia/giaAiger_old.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1255 @@
+/**CFile****************************************************************
+
+  FileName    [giaAiger.c]
+
+  SystemName  [ABC: Logic synthesis and verification system.]
+
+  PackageName [Scalable AIG package.]
+
+  Synopsis    [Procedures to read/write binary AIGER format developed by
+  Armin Biere, Johannes Kepler University (http://fmv.jku.at/)]
+
+  Author      [Alan Mishchenko]
+  
+  Affiliation [UC Berkeley]
+
+  Date        [Ver. 1.0. Started - June 20, 2005.]
+
+  Revision    [$Id: giaAiger.c,v 1.00 2005/06/20 00:00:00 alanmi Exp $]
+
+***********************************************************************/
+
+#include "gia.h"
+
+ABC_NAMESPACE_IMPL_START
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                        DECLARATIONS                              ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef ABC_UINT64_T word;
+
+static inline int          Gia_ObjObjPhaseDiff( Gia_Man_t * p, int i, int j )  { return Gia_ManObj(p, i)->fPhase ^ Gia_ManObj(p, j)->fPhase; }
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                     FUNCTION DEFINITIONS                         ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Extracts one unsigned AIG edge from the input buffer.]
+
+  Description [This procedure is a slightly modified version of Armin Biere's
+  procedure "unsigned decode (FILE * file)". ]
+  
+  SideEffects [Updates the current reading position.]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Gia_ReadAigerDecode( char ** ppPos )
+{
+    unsigned x = 0, i = 0;
+    unsigned char ch;
+    while ((ch = *(*ppPos)++) & 0x80)
+        x |= (ch & 0x7f) << (7 * i++);
+    return x | (ch << (7 * i));
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Extracts one signed AIG edge from the input buffer.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Gia_ReadAigerDecodeInt( char ** ppPos )
+{
+    unsigned Res;
+    Res = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+    if ( Res & 1 )
+        return -((int)(Res >> 1));
+    return Res >> 1;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Decodes the encoded array of literals.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Int_t * Gia_WriteDecodeLiterals( char ** ppPos, int nEntries )
+{
+    Vec_Int_t * vLits;
+    int Lit, LitPrev, Diff, i;
+    vLits = Vec_IntAlloc( nEntries );
+    LitPrev = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+    Vec_IntPush( vLits, LitPrev );
+    for ( i = 1; i < nEntries; i++ )
+    {
+//        Diff = Lit - LitPrev;
+//        Diff = (Lit < LitPrev)? -Diff : Diff;
+//        Diff = ((2 * Diff) << 1) | (int)(Lit < LitPrev);
+        Diff = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+        Diff = (Diff & 1)? -(Diff >> 1) : Diff >> 1;
+        Lit  = Diff + LitPrev;
+        Vec_IntPush( vLits, Lit );
+        LitPrev = Lit;
+    }
+    return vLits;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the file size.]
+
+  Description [The file should be closed.]
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_FixFileName( char * pFileName )
+{
+    char * pName;
+    for ( pName = pFileName; *pName; pName++ )
+        if ( *pName == '>' )
+            *pName = '\\';
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Returns the file size.]
+
+  Description [The file should be closed.]
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Gia_FileSize( char * pFileName )
+{
+    FILE * pFile;
+    int nFileSize;
+    pFile = fopen( pFileName, "r" );
+    if ( pFile == NULL )
+    {
+        printf( "Gia_FileSize(): The file is unavailable (absent or open).\n" );
+        return 0;
+    }
+    fseek( pFile, 0, SEEK_END );  
+    nFileSize = ftell( pFile ); 
+    fclose( pFile );
+    return nFileSize;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    []
+
+  Description []
+
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+char * Gia_FileNameGeneric( char * FileName )
+{
+    char * pDot, * pRes;
+    pRes = Gia_UtilStrsav( FileName );
+    if ( (pDot = strrchr( pRes, '.' )) )
+        *pDot = 0;
+    return pRes;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Write integer into the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Gia_ReadInt( unsigned char * pPos )
+{
+    int i, Value = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+        Value |= ((unsigned)(*pPos++)) << (i << 3);
+    return Value;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Reads decoded value.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned Gia_ReadDiffValue( char ** ppPos, int iPrev )
+{
+    int Item = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+    if ( Item & 1 )
+        return iPrev + (Item >> 1);
+    return iPrev - (Item >> 1);
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read equivalence classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Gia_Rpr_t * Gia_ReadEquivClasses_old( unsigned char ** ppPos, int nSize )
+{
+    Gia_Rpr_t * pReprs;
+    unsigned char * pStop;
+    int i, Item, fProved, iRepr, iNode;
+    pStop = *ppPos;
+    pStop += Gia_ReadInt( *ppPos ); *ppPos += 4;
+    pReprs = ABC_CALLOC( Gia_Rpr_t, nSize );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nSize; i++ )
+        pReprs[i].iRepr = GIA_VOID;
+    iRepr = iNode = 0;
+    while ( *ppPos < pStop )
+    {
+        Item = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+        if ( Item & 1 )
+        {
+            iRepr += (Item >> 1);
+            iNode = iRepr;
+//printf( "\nRepr = %d ", iRepr );
+            continue;
+        }
+        Item >>= 1;
+        fProved = (Item & 1);
+        Item >>= 1;
+        iNode += Item;
+        pReprs[iNode].fProved = fProved;
+        pReprs[iNode].iRepr = iRepr;
+        assert( iRepr < iNode );
+//printf( "Node = %d ", iNode );
+    }
+    return pReprs;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read equivalence classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Gia_Rpr_t * Gia_ReadEquivClasses( unsigned char ** ppPos, int nSize, int nAlloc )
+{
+    Gia_Rpr_t * pReprs;
+    unsigned char * pStop;
+    int i, k, iRepr, iNode, nMembers;
+    // find place to stop
+    pStop = *ppPos + nSize;
+    // prepare equivalence classes
+    pReprs = ABC_CALLOC( Gia_Rpr_t, nAlloc );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nAlloc; i++ )
+        pReprs[i].iRepr = GIA_VOID;
+    // skip the number of classes
+    Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+    // read classes
+    iRepr = iNode = 0;
+    while ( *ppPos < pStop )
+    {
+        nMembers = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+        iRepr   += Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos ) >> 1;
+        iNode    = iRepr;
+        for ( k = 1; k < nMembers; k++ )
+        {
+            iNode += Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos ) >> 1;
+            pReprs[ iNode ].iRepr = iRepr;
+            assert( iRepr < iNode );
+//if ( !iRepr )
+//printf( "%4d: Reading equiv %d -> %d\n", k, iNode, iRepr );
+        }
+    }
+    return pReprs;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read flop classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_ReadFlopClasses( unsigned char ** ppPos, Vec_Int_t * vClasses, int nSize )
+{
+    int nAlloc = Gia_ReadInt( *ppPos ); *ppPos += 4;
+    assert( nAlloc/4 == nSize );
+    assert( Vec_IntSize(vClasses) == nSize );
+    memcpy( Vec_IntArray(vClasses), *ppPos, 4*nSize );
+    *ppPos += 4 * nSize;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read equivalence classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int * Gia_ReadMapping( unsigned char ** ppPos, int nSize )
+{
+    int * pMapping;
+    unsigned char * pStop;
+    int k, j, nFanins, nAlloc, iNode = 0, iOffset = nSize;
+    pStop = *ppPos;
+    pStop += Gia_ReadInt( *ppPos ); *ppPos += 4;
+    nAlloc = nSize + pStop - *ppPos;
+    pMapping = ABC_CALLOC( int, nAlloc );
+    while ( *ppPos < pStop )
+    {
+        k = iOffset;
+        pMapping[k++] = nFanins = Gia_ReadAigerDecode( ppPos );
+        for ( j = 0; j <= nFanins; j++ )
+            pMapping[k++] = iNode = Gia_ReadDiffValue( ppPos, iNode );
+        pMapping[iNode] = iOffset;
+        iOffset = k;
+    }
+    assert( iOffset <= nAlloc );
+    return pMapping;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read switching from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned char * Gia_ReadSwitching( unsigned char ** ppPos, int nSize )
+{
+    unsigned char * pSwitching;
+    int nAlloc = Gia_ReadInt( *ppPos ); *ppPos += 4;
+    assert( nAlloc == nSize );
+    pSwitching = ABC_ALLOC( unsigned char, nSize );
+    memcpy( pSwitching, *ppPos, nSize );
+    *ppPos += nSize;
+    return pSwitching;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read placement from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Gia_Plc_t * Gia_ReadPlacement( unsigned char ** ppPos, int nSize )
+{
+    Gia_Plc_t * pPlacement;
+    int nAlloc = Gia_ReadInt( *ppPos ); *ppPos += 4;
+    assert( nAlloc/4 == nSize );
+    pPlacement = ABC_ALLOC( Gia_Plc_t, nSize );
+    memcpy( pPlacement, *ppPos, 4*nSize );
+    *ppPos += 4 * nSize;
+    return pPlacement;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Reads char and 64-bit int using little-endian style.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+char Gia_ReadBlockHeader( char ** ppCur, word * pWord )
+{
+    int i;
+    char Char = *(*ppCur)++;
+    *pWord = 0;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
+    {
+//        printf( "%d\n", (unsigned char)(*(*ppCur)) );
+        *pWord |= ((word)(unsigned char)(*(*ppCur)++)) << (i<<3);
+    }
+    return Char;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Reads the AIG in the binary AIGER format.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Gia_Man_t * Gia_ReadAiger( char * pFileName, int fCheck )
+{
+    FILE * pFile;
+    Gia_Man_t * pNew;
+    Vec_Int_t * vLits = NULL;
+    Vec_Int_t * vNodes, * vDrivers;//, * vTerms;
+    int iObj, iNode0, iNode1;
+    int nTotal, nInputs, nOutputs, nLatches, nAnds, nFileSize, i;//, iTerm, nDigits;
+    char * pContents, * pDrivers, * pSymbols, * pCur, * pName;//, * pType;
+    unsigned uLit0, uLit1, uLit;
+
+    // read the file into the buffer
+    Gia_FixFileName( pFileName );
+    nFileSize = Gia_FileSize( pFileName );
+    pFile = fopen( pFileName, "rb" );
+    pContents = ABC_ALLOC( char, nFileSize );
+    fread( pContents, nFileSize, 1, pFile );
+    fclose( pFile );
+
+    // check if the input file format is correct
+    if ( strncmp(pContents, "aig", 3) != 0 || (pContents[3] != ' ' && pContents[3] != '2') )
+    {
+        fprintf( stdout, "Wrong input file format.\n" );
+        free( pContents );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // read the file type
+    pCur = pContents;         while ( *pCur++ != ' ' );
+    // read the number of objects
+    nTotal = atoi( pCur );    while ( *pCur++ != ' ' );
+    // read the number of inputs
+    nInputs = atoi( pCur );   while ( *pCur++ != ' ' );
+    // read the number of latches
+    nLatches = atoi( pCur );  while ( *pCur++ != ' ' );
+    // read the number of outputs
+    nOutputs = atoi( pCur );  while ( *pCur++ != ' ' );
+    // read the number of nodes
+    nAnds = atoi( pCur );     while ( *pCur++ != '\n' );  
+    // check the parameters
+    if ( nTotal != nInputs + nLatches + nAnds )
+    {
+        fprintf( stdout, "The paramters are wrong.\n" );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // allocate the empty AIG
+    pNew = Gia_ManStart( nTotal + nLatches + nOutputs + 1 );
+    pName = Gia_FileNameGeneric( pFileName );
+    pNew->pName = Gia_UtilStrsav( pName );
+//    pNew->pSpec = Gia_UtilStrsav( pFileName );
+    ABC_FREE( pName );
+
+    // prepare the array of nodes
+    vNodes = Vec_IntAlloc( 1 + nTotal );
+    Vec_IntPush( vNodes, 0 );
+
+    // create the PIs
+    for ( i = 0; i < nInputs + nLatches; i++ )
+    {
+        iObj = Gia_ManAppendCi(pNew);    
+        Vec_IntPush( vNodes, iObj );
+    }
+
+    // remember the beginning of latch/PO literals
+    pDrivers = pCur;
+    if ( pContents[3] == ' ' ) // standard AIGER
+    {
+        // scroll to the beginning of the binary data
+        for ( i = 0; i < nLatches + nOutputs; )
+            if ( *pCur++ == '\n' )
+                i++;
+    }
+    else // modified AIGER
+    {
+        vLits = Gia_WriteDecodeLiterals( &pCur, nLatches + nOutputs );
+    }
+
+    // create the AND gates
+    for ( i = 0; i < nAnds; i++ )
+    {
+        uLit = ((i + 1 + nInputs + nLatches) << 1);
+        uLit1 = uLit  - Gia_ReadAigerDecode( &pCur );
+        uLit0 = uLit1 - Gia_ReadAigerDecode( &pCur );
+//        assert( uLit1 > uLit0 );
+        iNode0 = Gia_LitNotCond( Vec_IntEntry(vNodes, uLit0 >> 1), uLit0 & 1 );
+        iNode1 = Gia_LitNotCond( Vec_IntEntry(vNodes, uLit1 >> 1), uLit1 & 1 );
+        assert( Vec_IntSize(vNodes) == i + 1 + nInputs + nLatches );
+//        Vec_IntPush( vNodes, Gia_And(pNew, iNode0, iNode1) );
+        Vec_IntPush( vNodes, Gia_ManAppendAnd(pNew, iNode0, iNode1) );
+    }
+
+    // remember the place where symbols begin
+    pSymbols = pCur;
+
+    // read the latch driver literals
+    vDrivers = Vec_IntAlloc( nLatches + nOutputs );
+    if ( pContents[3] == ' ' ) // standard AIGER
+    {
+        pCur = pDrivers;
+        for ( i = 0; i < nLatches; i++ )
+        {
+            uLit0 = atoi( pCur );  while ( *pCur++ != '\n' );
+            iNode0 = Gia_LitNotCond( Vec_IntEntry(vNodes, uLit0 >> 1), (uLit0 & 1) );
+            Vec_IntPush( vDrivers, iNode0 );
+        }
+        // read the PO driver literals
+        for ( i = 0; i < nOutputs; i++ )
+        {
+            uLit0 = atoi( pCur );  while ( *pCur++ != '\n' );
+            iNode0 = Gia_LitNotCond( Vec_IntEntry(vNodes, uLit0 >> 1), (uLit0 & 1) );
+            Vec_IntPush( vDrivers, iNode0 );
+        }
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // read the latch driver literals
+        for ( i = 0; i < nLatches; i++ )
+        {
+            uLit0 = Vec_IntEntry( vLits, i );
+            iNode0 = Gia_LitNotCond( Vec_IntEntry(vNodes, uLit0 >> 1), (uLit0 & 1) );
+            Vec_IntPush( vDrivers, iNode0 );
+        }
+        // read the PO driver literals
+        for ( i = 0; i < nOutputs; i++ )
+        {
+            uLit0 = Vec_IntEntry( vLits, i+nLatches );
+            iNode0 = Gia_LitNotCond( Vec_IntEntry(vNodes, uLit0 >> 1), (uLit0 & 1) );
+            Vec_IntPush( vDrivers, iNode0 );
+        }
+        Vec_IntFree( vLits );
+    }
+
+    // create the POs
+    for ( i = 0; i < nOutputs; i++ )
+        Gia_ManAppendCo( pNew, Vec_IntEntry(vDrivers, nLatches + i) );
+    for ( i = 0; i < nLatches; i++ )
+        Gia_ManAppendCo( pNew, Vec_IntEntry(vDrivers, i) );
+    Vec_IntFree( vDrivers );
+
+    // create the latches
+    Gia_ManSetRegNum( pNew, nLatches );
+
+    // check if there are other types of information to read
+    pCur = pSymbols;
+    if ( pCur + 1 < pContents + nFileSize && *pCur == 'c' )
+    {
+        char Char;
+        word Size;
+        pCur++;
+
+        // read model name (old style)
+        if ( *pCur == 'n' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            ABC_FREE( pNew->pName );
+            pNew->pName = Gia_UtilStrsav( pCur );
+            pCur += (int)(strlen(pNew->pName) + 1);
+        }
+
+        Char = Gia_ReadBlockHeader( &pCur, &Size );
+        if ( Char == '\n' && Size == 0xAC1D0FF1CEC0FFEE )
+        {
+            while ( (Char = Gia_ReadBlockHeader(&pCur, &Size)) )
+            {
+                switch (Char)
+                {
+                case 'N':
+                    // read model name
+                    ABC_FREE( pNew->pName );
+                    pNew->pName = ABC_ALLOC( char, (int)Size + 1 );
+                    strncpy( pNew->pName, pCur, (int)Size );
+                    pNew->pName[(int)Size] = '\0';
+                    pCur += (int)Size;
+                    break;
+                case 'n':
+                    // read model name
+                    ABC_FREE( pNew->pName );
+                    pNew->pName = Gia_UtilStrsav( pCur );
+                    pCur += (int)(strlen(pNew->pName) + 1);
+                    break;
+                case '=':
+                    // read equivalence classes
+                    pNew->pReprs = Gia_ReadEquivClasses( &pCur, (int)Size, Gia_ManObjNum(pNew) );
+                    pNew->pNexts = Gia_ManDeriveNexts( pNew );
+                    break;
+                case 'c':
+                    // read number of constraints
+                    pNew->nConstrs = Gia_ReadInt( pCur ); pCur += 4;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    printf( "Unrecognized data.\n" );
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            printf( "Extended AIGER reader: Internal signature does not match.\n" );
+        }
+
+/*
+        if ( *pCur == 'e' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            // read equivalence classes
+            pNew->pReprs = Gia_ReadEquivClasses( &pCur, Gia_ManObjNum(pNew) );
+            pNew->pNexts = Gia_ManDeriveNexts( pNew );
+        }
+        if ( *pCur == 'f' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            // read flop classes
+            pNew->vFlopClasses = Vec_IntStart( Gia_ManRegNum(pNew) );
+            Gia_ReadFlopClasses( &pCur, pNew->vFlopClasses, Gia_ManRegNum(pNew) );
+        }
+        if ( *pCur == 'm' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            // read mapping
+            pNew->pMapping = Gia_ReadMapping( &pCur, Gia_ManObjNum(pNew) );
+        }
+        if ( *pCur == 'p' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            // read placement
+            pNew->pPlacement = Gia_ReadPlacement( &pCur, Gia_ManObjNum(pNew) );
+        }
+        if ( *pCur == 's' )
+        { 
+            pCur++;
+            // read switching activity
+            pNew->pSwitching = Gia_ReadSwitching( &pCur, Gia_ManObjNum(pNew) );
+        }
+        if ( *pCur == 'c' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            // read number of constraints
+            pNew->nConstrs = Gia_ReadInt( pCur ); pCur += 4;
+        }
+        if ( *pCur == 'n' )
+        {
+            pCur++;
+            // read model name
+            ABC_FREE( pNew->pName );
+            pNew->pName = Gia_UtilStrsav( pCur );
+        }
+*/
+    }
+
+    // skipping the comments
+    ABC_FREE( pContents );
+    Vec_IntFree( vNodes );
+/*
+    // check the result
+    if ( fCheck && !Gia_ManCheck( pNew ) )
+    {
+        printf( "Gia_ReadAiger: The network check has failed.\n" );
+        Gia_ManStop( pNew );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+*/
+    return pNew;
+}
+
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Adds one unsigned AIG edge to the output buffer.]
+
+  Description [This procedure is a slightly modified version of Armin Biere's
+  procedure "void encode (FILE * file, unsigned x)" ]
+  
+  SideEffects [Returns the current writing position.]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Gia_WriteAigerEncode( unsigned char * pBuffer, int Pos, unsigned x )
+{
+    unsigned char ch;
+    while (x & ~0x7f)
+    {
+        ch = (x & 0x7f) | 0x80;
+        pBuffer[Pos++] = ch;
+        x >>= 7;
+    }
+    ch = x;
+    pBuffer[Pos++] = ch;
+    return Pos;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Adds one signed int to the output buffer.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects [Returns the current writing position.]
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Gia_WriteAigerEncodeInt( unsigned char * pBuffer, int Pos, int x )
+{
+    if ( x >= 0 )
+        return Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, Pos, ((unsigned)(x) << 1) );
+    return Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, Pos, ((unsigned)(-x) << 1) | 1 );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Create the array of literals to be written.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Int_t * Gia_WriteAigerLiterals( Gia_Man_t * p )
+{
+    Vec_Int_t * vLits;
+    Gia_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i;
+    vLits = Vec_IntAlloc( Gia_ManPoNum(p) );
+    Gia_ManForEachRi( p, pObj, i )
+        Vec_IntPush( vLits, Gia_ObjFaninLit0p(p, pObj) );
+    Gia_ManForEachPo( p, pObj, i )
+        Vec_IntPush( vLits, Gia_ObjFaninLit0p(p, pObj) );
+    return vLits;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Creates the binary encoded array of literals.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+Vec_Str_t * Gia_WriteEncodeLiterals( Vec_Int_t * vLits )
+{
+    Vec_Str_t * vBinary;
+    int Pos = 0, Lit, LitPrev, Diff, i;
+    vBinary = Vec_StrAlloc( 2 * Vec_IntSize(vLits) );
+    LitPrev = Vec_IntEntry( vLits, 0 );
+    Pos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( (unsigned char *)Vec_StrArray(vBinary), Pos, LitPrev ); 
+    Vec_IntForEachEntryStart( vLits, Lit, i, 1 )
+    {
+        Diff = Lit - LitPrev;
+        Diff = (Lit < LitPrev)? -Diff : Diff;
+        Diff = (Diff << 1) | (int)(Lit < LitPrev);
+        Pos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( (unsigned char *)Vec_StrArray(vBinary), Pos, Diff );
+        LitPrev = Lit;
+        if ( Pos + 10 > vBinary->nCap )
+            Vec_StrGrow( vBinary, vBinary->nCap+1 );
+    }
+    vBinary->nSize = Pos;
+/*
+    // verify
+    {
+        extern Vec_Int_t * Gia_WriteDecodeLiterals( char ** ppPos, int nEntries );
+        char * pPos = Vec_StrArray( vBinary );
+        Vec_Int_t * vTemp = Gia_WriteDecodeLiterals( &pPos, Vec_IntSize(vLits) );
+        for ( i = 0; i < Vec_IntSize(vLits); i++ )
+        {
+            int Entry1 = Vec_IntEntry(vLits,i);
+            int Entry2 = Vec_IntEntry(vTemp,i);
+            assert( Entry1 == Entry2 );
+        }
+        Vec_IntFree( vTemp );
+    }
+*/
+    return vBinary;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Write integer into the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_WriteInt( char * pBuffer, int Value )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+        pBuffer[i] = (char)(0xff & (Value >> (i<<3)));
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read equivalence classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned char * Gia_WriteEquivClasses_old( Gia_Man_t * p, int * pEquivSize )
+{
+    unsigned char * pBuffer;
+    int iRepr, iNode, iPrevRepr, iPrevNode, iLit, nItems, iPos;
+    assert( p->pReprs && p->pNexts );
+    // count the number of entries to be written
+    nItems = 0;
+    for ( iRepr = 1; iRepr < Gia_ManObjNum(p); iRepr++ )
+    {
+        nItems += Gia_ObjIsConst( p, iRepr );
+        if ( !Gia_ObjIsHead(p, iRepr) )
+            continue;
+        Gia_ClassForEachObj( p, iRepr, iNode )
+            nItems++;
+    }
+    pBuffer = ABC_ALLOC( char, sizeof(int) * (nItems + 1) );
+    // write constant class
+    iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, 4, Gia_Var2Lit(0, 1) );
+    iPrevNode = 0;
+    for ( iNode = 1; iNode < Gia_ManObjNum(p); iNode++ )
+        if ( Gia_ObjIsConst(p, iNode) )
+        {
+            iLit = Gia_Var2Lit( iNode - iPrevNode, Gia_ObjProved(p, iNode) );
+            iPrevNode = iNode;
+            iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(iLit, 0) );
+        }
+    // write non-constant classes
+    iPrevRepr = 0;
+    Gia_ManForEachClass( p, iRepr )
+    {
+        iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(iRepr - iPrevRepr, 1) );
+        iPrevRepr = iPrevNode = iRepr;
+        Gia_ClassForEachObj1( p, iRepr, iNode )
+        {
+            iLit = Gia_Var2Lit( iNode - iPrevNode, Gia_ObjProved(p, iNode) );
+            iPrevNode = iNode;
+            iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(iLit, 0) );
+        }
+    }
+    Gia_WriteInt( pBuffer, iPos );
+    *pEquivSize = iPos;
+    return pBuffer;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read equivalence classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned char * Gia_WriteEquivClasses( Gia_Man_t * p, int * pEquivSize )
+{
+    unsigned char * pBuffer;
+    int k, iRepr, iNode, iPrevRepr, iPrevNode, iLit;
+    int nItems, iPos, nClasses, nMembers;
+    assert( p->pReprs && p->pNexts );
+    Gia_ManSetPhase(p);
+    // count the number of entries to be written
+    nItems   = 0;
+    nMembers = 0;
+    nClasses = 0;
+    for ( iRepr = 1; iRepr < Gia_ManObjNum(p); iRepr++ )
+    {
+        nItems   += Gia_ObjIsConst( p, iRepr );
+        nMembers += Gia_ObjIsConst( p, iRepr );
+        if ( !Gia_ObjIsHead(p, iRepr) )
+            continue;
+        nClasses++;
+        Gia_ClassForEachObj( p, iRepr, iNode )
+            nItems++;
+    }
+    nClasses += (nMembers > 0);
+    // allocate place for data
+    pBuffer = (unsigned char *)ABC_ALLOC( int, nItems+1 );
+    // write the number of classes
+    iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, 0, nClasses );
+    // write constant class
+    if ( nMembers )
+    {
+        iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, nMembers+1 );
+        iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(0,0) );
+        iPrevNode = 0;
+        k = 1;
+        for ( iNode = 1; iNode < Gia_ManObjNum(p); iNode++ )
+            if ( Gia_ObjIsConst(p, iNode) )
+            {
+                iLit = Gia_Var2Lit( iNode - iPrevNode, Gia_ObjObjPhaseDiff(p, iNode, 0) );
+                iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, iLit );
+                iPrevNode = iNode;
+//printf( "%4d : Writing equiv %d -> %d\n", k++, iNode, 0 );
+            }
+    }
+    // write non-constant classes
+    iPrevRepr = 0;
+    Gia_ManForEachClass( p, iRepr )
+    {
+        // write number of members
+        nMembers = 0;
+        Gia_ClassForEachObj( p, iRepr, iNode )
+            nMembers++;
+        iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, nMembers );
+        // write representatives
+        iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(iRepr - iPrevRepr, 0) );
+        // write members
+        iPrevRepr = iPrevNode = iRepr;
+        Gia_ClassForEachObj1( p, iRepr, iNode )
+        {
+            iLit = Gia_Var2Lit( iNode - iPrevNode, Gia_ObjObjPhaseDiff(p, iNode, iRepr) );
+            iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, iLit );
+            iPrevNode = iNode;
+//printf( "Writing equiv %d -> %d\n", iNode, iRepr );
+        }
+    }
+    *pEquivSize = iPos;
+    return pBuffer;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Reads decoded value.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+int Gia_WriteDiffValue( char * pPos, int iPos, int iPrev, int iThis )
+{
+    if ( iPrev < iThis )
+        return Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pPos, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(iThis - iPrev, 1) );
+    return Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pPos, iPos, Gia_Var2Lit(iPrev - iThis, 0) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Read equivalence classes from the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+unsigned char * Gia_WriteMapping( Gia_Man_t * p, int * pMapSize )
+{
+    unsigned char * pBuffer;
+    int i, k, iPrev, iFan, nItems, iPos = 4;
+    assert( p->pMapping );
+    // count the number of entries to be written
+    nItems = 0;
+    Gia_ManForEachLut( p, i )
+        nItems += 2 + Gia_ObjLutSize( p, i );
+    pBuffer = ABC_ALLOC( char, sizeof(int) * (nItems + 1) );
+    // write non-constant classes
+    iPrev = 0;
+    Gia_ManForEachLut( p, i )
+    {
+//printf( "\nSize = %d ", Gia_ObjLutSize(p, i) );
+        iPos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, iPos, Gia_ObjLutSize(p, i) );
+        Gia_LutForEachFanin( p, i, iFan, k )
+        {
+//printf( "Fan = %d ", iFan );
+            iPos = Gia_WriteDiffValue( pBuffer, iPos, iPrev, iFan );
+            iPrev = iFan;
+        }
+        iPos = Gia_WriteDiffValue( pBuffer, iPos, iPrev, i );
+        iPrev = i;
+//printf( "Node = %d ", i );
+    }
+//printf( "\n" );
+    Gia_WriteInt( pBuffer, iPos );
+    *pMapSize = iPos;
+    return pBuffer;
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes char and 64-bit int using little-endian style.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_WriteBlockHeader( FILE * pFile, char Char, word Word )
+{
+    int i;
+    fprintf( pFile, "%c", Char );
+    for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
+        fprintf( pFile, "%c", (unsigned char)(0xff & (Word >> (i<<3))) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Write integer into the string.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_WriteIntF( FILE * pFile, int Value )
+{
+    int i;
+    for ( i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
+        fprintf( pFile, "%c", (char)(0xff & (Value >> (i<<3))) );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes the AIG in the binary AIGER format.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_WriteAiger( Gia_Man_t * pInit, char * pFileName, int fWriteSymbols, int fCompact )
+{
+    FILE * pFile;
+    Gia_Man_t * p;
+    Gia_Obj_t * pObj;
+    int i, nBufferSize, Pos;
+    unsigned char * pBuffer;
+    unsigned uLit0, uLit1, uLit;
+
+    if ( Gia_ManCoNum(pInit) == 0 )
+    {
+        printf( "AIG cannot be written because it has no POs.\n" );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // start the output stream
+    pFile = fopen( pFileName, "wb" );
+    if ( pFile == NULL )
+    {
+        fprintf( stdout, "Gia_WriteAiger(): Cannot open the output file \"%s\".\n", pFileName );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // create normalized AIG
+    if ( !Gia_ManIsNormalized(pInit) )
+    {
+//        printf( "Gia_WriteAiger(): Normalizing AIG for writing.\n" );
+        p = Gia_ManDupNormalized( pInit );
+    }
+    else
+        p = pInit;
+
+    // write the header "M I L O A" where M = I + L + A
+    fprintf( pFile, "aig%s %u %u %u %u %u\n", 
+        fCompact? "2" : "",
+        Gia_ManCiNum(p) + Gia_ManAndNum(p), 
+        Gia_ManPiNum(p),
+        Gia_ManRegNum(p),
+        Gia_ManPoNum(p),
+        Gia_ManAndNum(p) );
+
+    if ( !fCompact ) 
+    {
+        // write latch drivers
+        Gia_ManForEachRi( p, pObj, i )
+            fprintf( pFile, "%u\n", Gia_ObjFaninLit0p(p, pObj) );
+        // write PO drivers
+        Gia_ManForEachPo( p, pObj, i )
+            fprintf( pFile, "%u\n", Gia_ObjFaninLit0p(p, pObj) );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Vec_Int_t * vLits = Gia_WriteAigerLiterals( p );
+        Vec_Str_t * vBinary = Gia_WriteEncodeLiterals( vLits );
+        fwrite( Vec_StrArray(vBinary), 1, Vec_StrSize(vBinary), pFile );
+        Vec_StrFree( vBinary );
+        Vec_IntFree( vLits );
+    }
+
+    // write the nodes into the buffer
+    Pos = 0;
+    nBufferSize = 6 * Gia_ManAndNum(p) + 100; // skeptically assuming 3 chars per one AIG edge
+    pBuffer = ABC_ALLOC( unsigned char, nBufferSize );
+    Gia_ManForEachAnd( p, pObj, i )
+    {
+        uLit  = Gia_Var2Lit( i, 0 );
+        uLit0 = Gia_ObjFaninLit0( pObj, i );
+        uLit1 = Gia_ObjFaninLit1( pObj, i );
+        assert( uLit0 < uLit1 );
+        Pos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, Pos, uLit  - uLit1 );
+        Pos = Gia_WriteAigerEncode( pBuffer, Pos, uLit1 - uLit0 );
+        if ( Pos > nBufferSize - 10 )
+        {
+            printf( "Gia_WriteAiger(): AIGER generation has failed because the allocated buffer is too small.\n" );
+            fclose( pFile );
+            if ( p != pInit )
+                Gia_ManStop( p );
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    assert( Pos < nBufferSize );
+
+    // write the buffer
+    fwrite( pBuffer, 1, Pos, pFile );
+    ABC_FREE( pBuffer );
+
+    // write the comment
+    fprintf( pFile, "c" );
+    // write signature
+    Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, '\n', 0xAC1D0FF1CEC0FFEE );
+    // write name
+    if ( p->pName )
+    {
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, 'N', (word)strlen(pInit->pName) );
+        fwrite( pInit->pName, 1, strlen(pInit->pName), pFile );
+    }
+    // write equivalences
+    if ( p->pReprs && p->pNexts )
+    {
+        int nEquivSize;
+        unsigned char * pEquivs = Gia_WriteEquivClasses( p, &nEquivSize );
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, '=', (word)nEquivSize );
+        fwrite( pEquivs, 1, nEquivSize, pFile );
+        ABC_FREE( pEquivs );
+    }
+    // write flop classes
+    if ( p->vFlopClasses )
+    {
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, 'f', 4*Gia_ManRegNum(p) );
+        fwrite( Vec_IntArray(p->vFlopClasses), 1, 4*Gia_ManRegNum(p), pFile );
+    }
+/*
+    // write mapping
+    if ( p->pMapping )
+    {
+        int nMapSize;
+        unsigned char * pMaps = Gia_WriteMapping( p, &nMapSize );
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, 'm', (word)nMapSize );
+        fwrite( pMaps, 1, nMapSize, pFile );
+        ABC_FREE( pMaps );
+    }
+    // write placement
+    if ( p->pPlacement )
+    {
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, 'p', (word)4*Gia_ManObjNum(p) );
+        fwrite( p->pPlacement, 1, 4*Gia_ManObjNum(p), pFile );
+    }
+    // write switching activity
+    if ( p->pSwitching )
+    {
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, 's', (word)Gia_ManObjNum(p) );
+        fwrite( p->pSwitching, 1, Gia_ManObjNum(p), pFile );
+    }
+    // write name
+    if ( p->pName )
+        fprintf( pFile, "n%s%c", p->pName, '\0' );
+*/
+    // write constraints
+    if ( p->nConstrs )
+    {
+        Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, 'c', (word)p->nConstrs );
+        Gia_WriteIntF( pFile, p->nConstrs );
+    }
+    // write the closing statement
+    Gia_WriteBlockHeader( pFile, '\0', (word)0 );
+    // write comment
+    fprintf( pFile, "\nThis file was produced by the GIA package in ABC on %s\n", Gia_TimeStamp() );
+    fprintf( pFile, "For information about AIGER format, refer to %s\n", "http://fmv.jku.at/aiger" );
+    fclose( pFile );
+    if ( p != pInit )
+        Gia_ManStop( p );
+}
+
+/**Function*************************************************************
+
+  Synopsis    [Writes the AIG in the binary AIGER format.]
+
+  Description []
+  
+  SideEffects []
+
+  SeeAlso     []
+
+***********************************************************************/
+void Gia_DumpAiger( Gia_Man_t * p, char * pFilePrefix, int iFileNum, int nFileNumDigits )
+{
+    char Buffer[100];
+    sprintf( Buffer, "%s%0*d.aig", pFilePrefix, nFileNumDigits, iFileNum );
+    Gia_WriteAiger( p, Buffer, 0, 0 );
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///                       END OF FILE                                ///
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+ABC_NAMESPACE_IMPL_END
+