import codecs
import io
import re
from typing import Iterable, Optional, Union, cast


def always_bytes(str_or_bytes: Union[str, bytes, None], *encode_args) -> Optional[bytes]:
    if isinstance(str_or_bytes, bytes) or str_or_bytes is None:
        return cast(Optional[bytes], str_or_bytes)
    elif isinstance(str_or_bytes, str):
        return str_or_bytes.encode(*encode_args)
    else:
        raise TypeError("Expected str or bytes, but got {}.".format(type(str_or_bytes).__name__))


def always_str(str_or_bytes: Union[str, bytes, None], *decode_args) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Returns,
        str_or_bytes unmodified, if
    """
    if str_or_bytes is None:
        return None
    if isinstance(str_or_bytes, str):
        return cast(str, str_or_bytes)
    elif isinstance(str_or_bytes, bytes):
        return str_or_bytes.decode(*decode_args)
    else:
        raise TypeError("Expected str or bytes, but got {}.".format(type(str_or_bytes).__name__))


# Translate control characters to "safe" characters. This implementation
# initially replaced them with the matching control pictures
# (http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2400.pdf), but that turned out to render badly
# with monospace fonts. We are back to "." therefore.
_control_char_trans = {
    x: ord(".")  # x + 0x2400 for unicode control group pictures
    for x in range(32)
}
_control_char_trans[127] = ord(".")  # 0x2421
_control_char_trans_newline = _control_char_trans.copy()
for x in ("\r", "\n", "\t"):
    del _control_char_trans_newline[ord(x)]

_control_char_trans = str.maketrans(_control_char_trans)
_control_char_trans_newline = str.maketrans(_control_char_trans_newline)


def escape_control_characters(text: str, keep_spacing=True) -> str:
    """
    Replace all unicode C1 control characters from the given text with a single "."

    Args:
        keep_spacing: If True, tabs and newlines will not be replaced.
    """
    if not isinstance(text, str):
        raise ValueError("text type must be unicode but is {}".format(type(text).__name__))

    trans = _control_char_trans_newline if keep_spacing else _control_char_trans
    return text.translate(trans)


def bytes_to_escaped_str(data, keep_spacing=False, escape_single_quotes=False):
    """
    Take bytes and return a safe string that can be displayed to the user.

    Single quotes are always escaped, double quotes are never escaped:
        "'" + bytes_to_escaped_str(...) + "'"
    gives a valid Python string.

    Args:
        keep_spacing: If True, tabs and newlines will not be escaped.
    """

    if not isinstance(data, bytes):
        raise ValueError("data must be bytes, but is {}".format(data.__class__.__name__))
    # We always insert a double-quote here so that we get a single-quoted string back
    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29019340/why-does-python-use-different-quotes-for-representing-strings-depending-on-their
    ret = repr(b'"' + data).lstrip("b")[2:-1]
    if not escape_single_quotes:
        ret = re.sub(r"(?<!\\)(\\\\)*\\'", lambda m: (m.group(1) or "") + "'", ret)
    if keep_spacing:
        ret = re.sub(
            r"(?<!\\)(\\\\)*\\([nrt])",
            lambda m: (m.group(1) or "") + dict(n="\n", r="\r", t="\t")[m.group(2)],
            ret
        )
    return ret


def escaped_str_to_bytes(data):
    """
    Take an escaped string and return the unescaped bytes equivalent.

    Raises:
        ValueError, if the escape sequence is invalid.
    """
    if not isinstance(data, str):
        raise ValueError("data must be str, but is {}".format(data.__class__.__name__))

    # This one is difficult - we use an undocumented Python API here
    # as per http://stackoverflow.com/a/23151714/934719
    return codecs.escape_decode(data)[0]


def is_mostly_bin(s: bytes) -> bool:
    if not s or len(s) == 0:
        return False

    return sum(
        i < 9 or 13 < i < 32 or 126 < i
        for i in s[:100]
    ) / len(s[:100]) > 0.3


def is_xml(s: bytes) -> bool:
    return s.strip().startswith(b"<")


def clean_hanging_newline(t):
    """
        Many editors will silently add a newline to the final line of a
        document (I'm looking at you, Vim). This function fixes this common
        problem at the risk of removing a hanging newline in the rare cases
        where the user actually intends it.
    """
    if t and t[-1] == "\n":
        return t[:-1]
    return t


def hexdump(s):
    """
        Returns:
            A generator of (offset, hex, str) tuples
    """
    for i in range(0, len(s), 16):
        offset = "{:0=10x}".format(i)
        part = s[i:i + 16]
        x = " ".join("{:0=2x}".format(i) for i in part)
        x = x.ljust(47)  # 16*2 + 15
        part_repr = always_str(escape_control_characters(
            part.decode("ascii", "replace").replace(u"\ufffd", u"."),
            False
        ))
        yield (offset, x, part_repr)


def _move_to_private_code_plane(matchobj):
    return chr(ord(matchobj.group(0)) + 0xE000)


def _restore_from_private_code_plane(matchobj):
    return chr(ord(matchobj.group(0)) - 0xE000)


NO_ESCAPE = r"(?<!\\)(?:\\\\)*"
MULTILINE_CONTENT = r"[\s\S]*?"
SINGLELINE_CONTENT = r".*?"
MULTILINE_CONTENT_LINE_CONTINUATION = r"(?:.|(?<=\\)\n)*?"


def split_special_areas(
        data: str,
        area_delimiter: Iterable[str],
):
    """
    Split a string of code into a [code, special area, code, special area, ..., code] list.

    For example,

    >>> split_special_areas(
    >>>     "test /* don't modify me */ foo",
    >>>     [r"/\\*[\\s\\S]*?\\*/"])  # (regex matching comments)
    ["test ", "/* don't modify me */", " foo"]

    "".join(split_special_areas(x, ...)) == x always holds true.
    """
    return re.split(
        "({})".format("|".join(area_delimiter)),
        data,
        flags=re.MULTILINE
    )


def escape_special_areas(
        data: str,
        area_delimiter: Iterable[str],
        control_characters,
):
    """
    Escape all control characters present in special areas with UTF8 symbols
    in the private use plane (U+E000 t+ ord(char)).
    This is useful so that one can then use regex replacements on the resulting string without
    interfering with special areas.

    control_characters must be 0 < ord(x) < 256.

    Example:

    >>> print(x)
    if (true) { console.log('{}'); }
    >>> x = escape_special_areas(x, "{", ["'" + SINGLELINE_CONTENT + "'"])
    >>> print(x)
    if (true) { console.log('�}'); }
    >>> x = re.sub(r"\\s*{\\s*", " {\n    ", x)
    >>> x = unescape_special_areas(x)
    >>> print(x)
    if (true) {
        console.log('{}'); }
    """
    buf = io.StringIO()
    parts = split_special_areas(data, area_delimiter)
    rex = re.compile(r"[{}]".format(control_characters))
    for i, x in enumerate(parts):
        if i % 2:
            x = rex.sub(_move_to_private_code_plane, x)
        buf.write(x)
    return buf.getvalue()


def unescape_special_areas(data: str):
    """
    Invert escape_special_areas.

    x == unescape_special_areas(escape_special_areas(x)) always holds true.
    """
    return re.sub(r"[\ue000-\ue0ff]", _restore_from_private_code_plane, data)