# Frequently Asked Keymap Questions
This page covers questions people often have about keymaps. If you haven't you should read [Keymap Overview](keymap.html) first.
## What Keycodes Can I Use?
See [Basic Keycodes](keycodes.html) and [Quantum Keycodes](quantum_keycodes.html) for most of the keys you can define.
Keycodes are actually defined in [common/keycode.h](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/tmk_core/common/keycode.h).
## `KC_SYSREQ` isn't working
Use keycode for Print Screen(`KC_PSCREEN` or `KC_PSCR`) instead of `KC_SYSREQ`. Key combination of 'Alt + Print Screen' is recognized as 'System request'.
See [issue #168](https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/168) and
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_request
## Power key doesn't work
Use `KC_PWR` instead of `KC_POWER` or vice versa.
- `KC_PWR` works with Windows and Linux, not with OSX.
- `KC_POWER` works with OSX and Linux, not with Windows.
More info: http://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=14290.msg1327264#msg1327264
## Oneshot modifier
Solves my personal 'the' problem. I often got 'the' or 'THe' wrongly instead of 'The'. Oneshot Shift mitgates this for me.
https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/67
## Modifier/Layer stuck
Modifier keys or layers can be stuck unless layer switching is configured properly.
For Modifier keys and layer actions you have to place `KC_TRANS` on same position of destination layer to unregister the modifier key or return to previous layer on release event.
- https://github.com/tmk/tmk_core/blob/master/doc/keymap.md#31-momentary-switching
- http://geekhack.org/index.php?topic=57008.msg1492604#msg1492604
- https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/248
## Mechanical Lock Switch Support
This feature is for *mechanical lock switch* like [this Alps one](http://deskthority.net/wiki/Alps_SKCL_Lock). You can enable it by adding this to your `config.h`:
```
#define LOCKING_SUPPORT_ENABLE
#define LOCKING_RESYNC_ENABLE
```
After enabling this feature use keycodes `KC_LCAP`, `KC_LNUM` and `KC_LSCR` in your keymap instead.
Old vintage mechanical keyboards occasionally have lock switches but modern ones don't have. ***You don't need this feature in most case and just use keycodes `KC_CAPS`, `KC_NLCK` and `KC_SLCK`.***
## Input special charactors other than ASCII like Cédille 'Ç'
NO UNIVERSAL METHOD TO INPUT THOSE WORKS OVER ALL SYSTEMS. You have to define **MACRO** in way specific to your OS or layout.
See this post for example **MACRO** code.
http://deskthority.net/workshop-f7/tmk-keyboard-firmware-collection-t4478-120.html#p195620
On **Windows** you can use `AltGr` key or **Alt code**.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltGr_key
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_code
On **Mac** OS defines `Option` key combinations.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_key#Alternative_keyboard_input
On **Xorg** you can use `compose` key, instead.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compose_key
And see this for **Unicode** input.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_input
## Apple/Mac keyboard Fn
Not supported.
Apple/Mac keyboard sends keycode for Fn unlike most of other keyboards.
I think you can send Apple Fn key using Apple venter specific Page 0xff01 and usage 0x0003. But you have to change HID Report Descriptor for this, of course.
https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDFamily-606.1.7/IOHIDFamily/AppleHIDUsageTables.h
## Media control keys in Mac OSX
#### KC_MNXT and KC_MPRV does not work on Mac
Use `KC_MFFD`(`KC_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD`) and `KC_MRWD`(`KC_MEDIA_REWIND`) instead of `KC_MNXT` and `KC_MPRV`.
See https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/195
## Keys supported in Mac OSX?
You can know which keycodes are supported in OSX from this source code.
`usb_2_adb_keymap` array maps Keyboard/Keypad Page usages to ADB scancodes(OSX internal keycodes).
https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDFamily-606.1.7/IOHIDFamily/Cosmo_USB2ADB.c
And `IOHIDConsumer::dispatchConsumerEvent` handles Consumer page usages.
https://opensource.apple.com/source/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDFamily-606.1.7/IOHIDFamily/IOHIDConsumer.cpp
## JIS keys in Mac OSX
Japanese JIS keyboard specific keys like `無変換(Muhenkan)`, `変換(Henkan)`, `ひらがな(hiragana)` are not recognized on OSX. You can use **Seil** to enable those keys, try following options.
* Enable NFER Key on PC keyboard
* Enable XFER Key on PC keyboard
* Enable KATAKANA Key on PC keyboard
https://pqrs.org/osx/karabiner/seil.html
## RN-42 Bluetooth doesn't work with Karabiner
Karabiner - Keymapping tool on Mac OSX - ignores inputs from RN-42 module by default. You have to enable this option to make Karabiner working with your keyboard.
https://github.com/tekezo/Karabiner/issues/403#issuecomment-102559237
See these for the deail of this problem.
https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/213
https://github.com/tekezo/Karabiner/issues/403
## Esc and `~ on a key
Use `GRAVE_ESC` or `KC_GESC` in your keymap.
## Arrow on Right Modifier keys with Dual-Role
This turns right modifer keys into arrow keys when the keys are tapped while still modifiers when the keys are hold. In TMK the dual-role function is dubbed **TAP**.
```
#include "keymap_common.h"
/* Arrow keys on right modifier keys with TMK dual role feature
*
* https://github.com/tmk/tmk_core/blob/master/doc/keymap.md#213-modifier-with-tap-keydual-role
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifier_key#Dual-role_keys
*/
const uint8_t PROGMEM keymaps[][MATRIX_ROWS][MATRIX_COLS] = {
/* 0: qwerty */
[0] = KEYMAP( \
ESC, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, MINS,EQL, NUHS,BSPC, \
TAB, Q, W, E, R, T, Y, U, I, O, P, LBRC,RBRC,BSLS, \
LCTL,A, S, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, SCLN,QUOT,ENT, \
LSFT,NUBS,Z, X, C, V, B, N, M, COMM,DOT, SLSH,FN0, ESC, \
FN4, LGUI,LALT, SPC, APP, FN2, FN1, FN3),
[1] = KEYMAP( \
GRV, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12, TRNS,TRNS, \
TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,\
TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS, \
TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,TRNS,FN5, TRNS, \
TRNS,TRNS,TRNS, TRNS, TRNS,FN7, FN6, FN8),
};
const uint16_t PROGMEM fn_actions[] = {
[0] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RSFT, KC_UP),
[1] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RGUI, KC_DOWN),
[2] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RALT, KC_LEFT),
[3] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RCTL, KC_RIGHT),
[4] = ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(1),
[5] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RSFT, KC_PGUP),
[6] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RGUI, KC_PGDN),
[7] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RALT, KC_HOME),
[8] = ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(MOD_RCTL, KC_END),
};
```
Dual-role key: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifier_key#Dual-role_keys
## Eject on Mac OSX
`KC_EJCT` keycode works on OSX. https://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard/issues/250
It seems Windows 10 ignores the code and Linux/Xorg recognizes but has no mapping by default.
Not sure what keycode Eject is on genuine Apple keyboard actually. HHKB uses `F20` for Eject key(`Fn+f`) on Mac mode but this is not same as Apple Eject keycode probably.
## What's weak_mods and real_mods in action_util.c
___TO BE IMPROVED___
real_mods is intended to retains state of real/physical modifier key state, while
weak_mods retains state of virtual or temprary modifiers which should not affect state real modifier key.
Let's say you hold down physical left shift key and type ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A),
with weak_mods,
* (1) hold down left shift: real_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (2) press ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): weak_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (3) release ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): waek_mods &= ~MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
real_mods still keeps modifier state.
without weak mods,
* (1) hold down left shift: real_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (2) press ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): real_mods |= MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
* (3) release ACTION_MODS_KEY(LSHIFT, KC_A): real_mods &= ~MOD_BIT(LSHIFT)
here real_mods lost state for 'physical left shift'.
weak_mods is ORed with real_mods when keyboard report is sent.
https://github.com/tmk/tmk_core/blob/master/common/action_util.c#L57
## Timer functionality
It's possible to start timers and read values for time-specific events - here's an example:
```c
static uint16_t key_timer;
key_timer = timer_read();
if (timer_elapsed(key_timer) < 100) {
// do something if less than 100ms have passed
} else {
// do something if 100ms or more have passed
}
```
It's best to declare the `static uint16_t key_timer;` at the top of the file, outside of any code blocks you're using it in.
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/*
LUFA Library
Copyright (C) Dean Camera, 2017.
dean [at] fourwalledcubicle [dot] com
www.lufa-lib.org
*/
/*
Copyright 2017 Dean Camera (dean [at] fourwalledcubicle [dot] com)
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted
without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in
all copies and that both that the copyright notice and this
permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of the author not be used in
advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
software without specific, written prior permission.
The author disclaims all warranties with regard to this
software, including all implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness. In no event shall the author be liable for any
special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages
whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether
in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action,
arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of
this software.
*/
/** \file
*
* Main source file for the VirtualSerialHost demo. This file contains the main tasks of
* the demo and is responsible for the initial application hardware configuration.
*/
#include "VirtualSerialHost.h"
/** LUFA CDC Class driver interface configuration and state information. This structure is
* passed to all CDC Class driver functions, so that multiple instances of the same class
* within a device can be differentiated from one another.
*/
USB_ClassInfo_CDC_Host_t VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface =
{
.Config =
{
.DataINPipe =
{
.Address = (PIPE_DIR_IN | 1),
.Banks = 1,
},
.DataOUTPipe =
{
.Address = (PIPE_DIR_OUT | 2),
.Banks = 1,
},
.NotificationPipe =
{
.Address = (PIPE_DIR_IN | 3),
.Banks = 1,
},
},
};
/** Main program entry point. This routine configures the hardware required by the application, then
* enters a loop to run the application tasks in sequence.
*/
int main(void)
{
SetupHardware();
puts_P(PSTR(ESC_FG_CYAN "CDC Host Demo running.\r\n" ESC_FG_WHITE));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_NOTREADY);
GlobalInterruptEnable();
for (;;)
{
CDCHost_Task();
CDC_Host_USBTask(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface);
USB_USBTask();
}
}
/** Configures the board hardware and chip peripherals for the demo's functionality. */
void SetupHardware(void)
{
#if (ARCH == ARCH_AVR8)
/* Disable watchdog if enabled by bootloader/fuses */
MCUSR &= ~(1 << WDRF);
wdt_disable();
/* Disable clock division */
clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1);
#endif
/* Hardware Initialization */
Serial_Init(9600, false);
LEDs_Init();
USB_Init();
/* Create a stdio stream for the serial port for stdin and stdout */
Serial_CreateStream(NULL);
}
/** Task to manage an enumerated USB CDC device once connected, to print received data
* from the device to the serial port.
*/
void CDCHost_Task(void)
{
if (USB_HostState != HOST_STATE_Configured)
return;
if (CDC_Host_BytesReceived(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface))
{
/* Echo received bytes from the attached device through the USART */
int16_t ReceivedByte = CDC_Host_ReceiveByte(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface);
if (!(ReceivedByte < 0))
putchar(ReceivedByte);
}
}
/** Event handler for the USB_DeviceAttached event. This indicates that a device has been attached to the host, and
* starts the library USB task to begin the enumeration and USB management process.
*/
void EVENT_USB_Host_DeviceAttached(void)
{
puts_P(PSTR("Device Attached.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ENUMERATING);
}
/** Event handler for the USB_DeviceUnattached event. This indicates that a device has been removed from the host, and
* stops the library USB task management process.
*/
void EVENT_USB_Host_DeviceUnattached(void)
{
puts_P(PSTR("\r\nDevice Unattached.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_NOTREADY);
}
/** Event handler for the USB_DeviceEnumerationComplete event. This indicates that a device has been successfully
* enumerated by the host and is now ready to be used by the application.
*/
void EVENT_USB_Host_DeviceEnumerationComplete(void)
{
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ENUMERATING);
uint16_t ConfigDescriptorSize;
uint8_t ConfigDescriptorData[512];
if (USB_Host_GetDeviceConfigDescriptor(1, &ConfigDescriptorSize, ConfigDescriptorData,
sizeof(ConfigDescriptorData)) != HOST_GETCONFIG_Successful)
{
puts_P(PSTR("Error Retrieving Configuration Descriptor.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ERROR);
return;
}
if (CDC_Host_ConfigurePipes(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface,
ConfigDescriptorSize, ConfigDescriptorData) != CDC_ENUMERROR_NoError)
{
puts_P(PSTR("Attached Device Not a Valid CDC Class Device.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ERROR);
return;
}
if (USB_Host_SetDeviceConfiguration(1) != HOST_SENDCONTROL_Successful)
{
puts_P(PSTR("Error Setting Device Configuration.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ERROR);
return;
}
VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface.State.LineEncoding.BaudRateBPS = 9600;
VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface.State.LineEncoding.CharFormat = CDC_LINEENCODING_OneStopBit;
VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface.State.LineEncoding.ParityType = CDC_PARITY_None;
VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface.State.LineEncoding.DataBits = 8;
if (CDC_Host_SetLineEncoding(&VirtualSerial_CDC_Interface))
{
puts_P(PSTR("Error Setting Device Line Encoding.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ERROR);
return;
}
puts_P(PSTR("CDC Device Enumerated.\r\n"));
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_READY);
}
/** Event handler for the USB_HostError event. This indicates that a hardware error occurred while in host mode. */
void EVENT_USB_Host_HostError(const uint8_t ErrorCode)
{
USB_Disable();
printf_P(PSTR(ESC_FG_RED "Host Mode Error\r\n"
" -- Error Code %d\r\n" ESC_FG_WHITE), ErrorCode);
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ERROR);
for(;;);
}
/** Event handler for the USB_DeviceEnumerationFailed event. This indicates that a problem occurred while
* enumerating an attached USB device.
*/
void EVENT_USB_Host_DeviceEnumerationFailed(const uint8_t ErrorCode,
const uint8_t SubErrorCode)
{
printf_P(PSTR(ESC_FG_RED "Dev Enum Error\r\n"
" -- Error Code %d\r\n"
" -- Sub Error Code %d\r\n"
" -- In State %d\r\n" ESC_FG_WHITE), ErrorCode, SubErrorCode, USB_HostState);
LEDs_SetAllLEDs(LEDMASK_USB_ERROR);
}
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