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+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+* Copyright (C) 2010-2013 ARM Limited. All rights reserved.
+*
+* $Date: 17. January 2013
+* $Revision: V1.4.1
+*
+* Project: CMSIS DSP Library
+* Title: arm_var_q31.c
+*
+* Description: Variance of an array of Q31 type.
+*
+* Target Processor: Cortex-M4/Cortex-M3/Cortex-M0
+*
+* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+* are met:
+* - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+* - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+* distribution.
+* - Neither the name of ARM LIMITED nor the names of its contributors
+* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+* software without specific prior written permission.
+*
+* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
+* ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#include "arm_math.h"
+
+/**
+ * @ingroup groupStats
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @addtogroup variance
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Variance of the elements of a Q31 vector.
+ * @param[in] *pSrc points to the input vector
+ * @param[in] blockSize length of the input vector
+ * @param[out] *pResult variance value returned here
+ * @return none.
+ *
+ * @details
+ * <b>Scaling and Overflow Behavior:</b>
+ *
+ *\par
+ * The function is implemented using an internal 64-bit accumulator.
+ * The input is represented in 1.31 format, and intermediate multiplication
+ * yields a 2.62 format.
+ * The accumulator maintains full precision of the intermediate multiplication results,
+ * but provides only a single guard bit.
+ * There is no saturation on intermediate additions.
+ * If the accumulator overflows it wraps around and distorts the result.
+ * In order to avoid overflows completely the input signal must be scaled down by
+ * log2(blockSize) bits, as a total of blockSize additions are performed internally.
+ * Finally, the 2.62 accumulator is right shifted by 31 bits to yield a 1.31 format value.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+void arm_var_q31(
+ q31_t * pSrc,
+ uint32_t blockSize,
+ q63_t * pResult)
+{
+ q63_t sum = 0, sumSquare = 0; /* Accumulator */
+ q31_t meanOfSquares, squareOfMean; /* square of mean and mean of square */
+ q31_t mean; /* mean */
+ q31_t in; /* input value */
+ q31_t t; /* Temporary variable */
+ uint32_t blkCnt; /* loop counter */
+
+#ifndef ARM_MATH_CM0_FAMILY
+
+ /* Run the below code for Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M3 */
+ q63_t sumSquare1 = 0; /* Accumulator */
+ q31_t in1, in2, in3, in4; /* Temporary input variables */
+
+ /*loop Unrolling */
+ blkCnt = blockSize >> 2u;
+
+ /* First part of the processing with loop unrolling. Compute 4 outputs at a time.
+ ** a second loop below computes the remaining 1 to 3 samples. */
+ while(blkCnt > 0u)
+ {
+ /* C = (A[0] * A[0] + A[1] * A[1] + ... + A[blockSize-1] * A[blockSize-1]) */
+ /* Compute Sum of squares of the input samples
+ * and then store the result in a temporary variable, sum. */
+ /* read input samples from source buffer */
+ in1 = pSrc[0];
+ in2 = pSrc[1];
+
+ /* calculate sum of inputs */
+ sum += in1;
+ /* calculate sum of squares */
+ sumSquare += ((q63_t) (in1) * (in1));
+ in3 = pSrc[2];
+ sum += in2;
+ sumSquare1 += ((q63_t) (in2) * (in2));
+ in4 = pSrc[3];
+ sum += in3;
+ sumSquare += ((q63_t) (in3) * (in3));
+ sum += in4;
+ sumSquare1 += ((q63_t) (in4) * (in4));
+
+ /* update input pointer to process next samples */
+ pSrc += 4u;
+
+ /* Decrement the loop counter */
+ blkCnt--;
+ }
+
+ /* add two accumulators */
+ sumSquare = sumSquare + sumSquare1;
+
+ /* If the blockSize is not a multiple of 4, compute any remaining output samples here.
+ ** No loop unrolling is used. */
+ blkCnt = blockSize % 0x4u;
+
+#else
+
+ /* Run the below code for Cortex-M0 */
+ blkCnt = blockSize;
+
+#endif /* #ifndef ARM_MATH_CM0_FAMILY */
+
+ while(blkCnt > 0u)
+ {
+ /* C = (A[0] * A[0] + A[1] * A[1] + ... + A[blockSize-1] * A[blockSize-1]) */
+ /* Compute Sum of squares of the input samples
+ * and then store the result in a temporary variable, sum. */
+ in = *pSrc++;
+ sumSquare += ((q63_t) (in) * (in));
+ sum += in;
+
+ /* Decrement the loop counter */
+ blkCnt--;
+ }
+
+ t = (q31_t) ((1.0f / (float32_t) (blockSize - 1u)) * 1073741824.0f);
+
+ /* Compute Mean of squares of the input samples
+ * and then store the result in a temporary variable, meanOfSquares. */
+ sumSquare = (sumSquare >> 31);
+ meanOfSquares = (q31_t) ((sumSquare * t) >> 30);
+
+ /* Compute mean of all input values */
+ t = (q31_t) ((1.0f / (blockSize * (blockSize - 1u))) * 2147483648.0f);
+ mean = (q31_t) (sum);
+
+ /* Compute square of mean */
+ squareOfMean = (q31_t) (((q63_t) mean * mean) >> 31);
+ squareOfMean = (q31_t) (((q63_t) squareOfMean * t) >> 31);
+
+ /* Compute variance and then store the result to the destination */
+ *pResult = (q63_t) meanOfSquares - squareOfMean;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * @} end of variance group
+ */